EP1981774B1 - Closing device for bottles and, in particular, for bottles of alcohol or spirit - Google Patents

Closing device for bottles and, in particular, for bottles of alcohol or spirit Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP1981774B1
EP1981774B1 EP07705584A EP07705584A EP1981774B1 EP 1981774 B1 EP1981774 B1 EP 1981774B1 EP 07705584 A EP07705584 A EP 07705584A EP 07705584 A EP07705584 A EP 07705584A EP 1981774 B1 EP1981774 B1 EP 1981774B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
closing device
cap
pourer
bottles
bottles according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP07705584A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1981774A2 (en
Inventor
Nicola Fabiano
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to PL07705584T priority Critical patent/PL1981774T3/pl
Publication of EP1981774A2 publication Critical patent/EP1981774A2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1981774B1 publication Critical patent/EP1981774B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D49/00—Arrangements or devices for preventing refilling of containers
    • B65D49/02—One-way valves
    • B65D49/04—Weighted valves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D55/00—Accessories for container closures not otherwise provided for
    • B65D55/02—Locking devices; Means for discouraging or indicating unauthorised opening or removal of closure

Definitions

  • the present invention refers to a closing device for bottles and, in particular, for bottles of alcoholic drinks or spirits according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the cap has an internal threading suitable for engaging, to open or close the bottle, with a corresponding threading foreseen on the outer surface of the pourer.
  • the latter is fixed by pressure in the opening of the neck of the bottle or, through known means, to the neck of the bottle.
  • a further liner for covering the cap made from aluminium foil or plastic, is generally foreseen.
  • known closing devices also have an annular band provided with a predetermined breaking line to join the cap to the neck of the bottle before it is opened for the first time.
  • annular band is used to show whether the bottle has been opened previously. Indeed, the bottle cannot be opened without causing the aforementioned annular band to break, at the predetermined breaking line. Consequently, the breaking of the annular band indicates that the bottle has been opened previously.
  • a closing device for bottles like the one according to the present invention, which eliminates or at least reduces the possibility of any tampering with the bottle, i.e. opening it and consequently possibly altering or contaminating its content, not being immediately obvious.
  • a closing device comprising the technical features of the preamble of claim 1 is known from the document WO 2004/067387 A .
  • an object of the present invention is to solve the problems of the prior art, by providing a closing device for bottles that clearly and obviously shows whether a bottle has been opened at least once after its original manufacture.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a closing device for bottles that is simple and intuitive to use.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a closing device for bottles that is simple and cost-effective to make.
  • a closing device for bottles and, in particular, for bottles of alcoholic drinks or spirits, according to the present invention is shown, indicated as a whole with reference numeral 100.
  • the closing device 100 comprises a cap 1, a pourer 2 equipped with drop-breaker 3 and a covering liner 4.
  • the pourer 2 can be fixed to the neck of the bottle 5 in a known way.
  • the liner 4 in a known way, is made up of a top portion or closing capsule 4' and a bottom portion 4" joined along an annular line 6 with predetermined breaking that is, necessarily, lacerated so that the bottle can open 5, separating the liner 4 into a capsule 4' and a bottom portion 4".
  • the cap 1 comprises a flat top portion 7 and a tubular side portion 8 equipped with a threading suitable for engaging with a corresponding threading of the pourer 2.
  • the engagement between the threading of the side portion 8 of the cap 1 and the threading of the pourer 2 determines the closing of the cap 1 on the pourer 2 and consequently of the closing device 100 on the neck of the bottle 5.
  • the side portion 8 of the cap 1 extends from the top portion 7 up to beyond the predetermined breaking line 6 with its bottom end part.
  • the cap 1 also comprises at least one security tab 9, joined to the top portion 7 of the cap 1 through a portion of low thickness 10 and substantially aligned with the side portion 8. Moreover, on the outward-facing surface of the security tab 9 there is an elastic tooth 11.
  • one or more projections 18 can be formed, which abut against the bottom surface of the capsule 4' in the assembly step of the closing device 100.
  • the cap 1 is mounted together with the remaining components of the closing device so that the free end of each security tab 9 abuts against the side of the pourer 2.
  • the elastic teeth 11 are free to take up their rest position (shown in figures 3-6 ), in which the free end of the elastic teeth 11 projects beyond the outer edge defined by the side portion 8 of the cap 1.
  • the covering liner 4 is also assembled onto the device 100. This pushes on the elastic teeth 11 causing them to contract.
  • the cap 1 and the pourer 2 are separated, not only causing the predetermined breaking line 6 to break, but also moving the pourer 2 from the position of abutment against the free end of each security tab 9.
  • each security tab 9 and that of the annular abutment plane 15 of the pourer 2 are made so as to form a contact surface substantially perpendicular to the axis of symmetry of the cap 1, in this way avoiding the force exerted by the thrusting action of the annular abutment plane 15 of the pourer 2 on each security tab 9 being able to be subdivided into a radial component that would push the tab itself towards its original position.
  • the fact that the pourer 2 does not reach the upper limit switch does not hinder the closing of the closing device 100 as far as its seal for the content of the bottle 5 is concerned. Indeed, on the top portion 7 of the cap 1 there is a cylindrical ridge 17 in contact on the outside with the inner wall of the pourer 2, both in the closed configuration before the bottle 5 has been opened for the first time, and, even if for a shorter length, in the closed configuration after the first time the bottle 5 has been opened.
  • the materials used, as well as the sizes, can be whatever according to the technical requirements.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Closures For Containers (AREA)
  • Alcoholic Beverages (AREA)
  • Distillation Of Fermentation Liquor, Processing Of Alcohols, Vinegar And Beer (AREA)
  • Seasonings (AREA)
  • Filling Of Jars Or Cans And Processes For Cleaning And Sealing Jars (AREA)
  • Wrapping Of Specific Fragile Articles (AREA)
  • Sorting Of Articles (AREA)
EP07705584A 2006-02-10 2007-02-05 Closing device for bottles and, in particular, for bottles of alcohol or spirit Active EP1981774B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL07705584T PL1981774T3 (pl) 2006-02-10 2007-02-05 Urządzenie do zamykania butelek, a w szczególności butelek do alkoholi lub spirytusów

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT000247A ITMI20060247A1 (it) 2006-02-10 2006-02-10 Dispositivo di chiusura per bottiglie e in opartyicolare per bottiglie di alcolici e superalcolici
PCT/IB2007/000344 WO2007091173A2 (en) 2006-02-10 2007-02-05 Closing device for bottles and, in particular, for bottles of alcohol or spirit

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1981774A2 EP1981774A2 (en) 2008-10-22
EP1981774B1 true EP1981774B1 (en) 2009-09-02

Family

ID=38291313

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP07705584A Active EP1981774B1 (en) 2006-02-10 2007-02-05 Closing device for bottles and, in particular, for bottles of alcohol or spirit

Country Status (9)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1981774B1 (tr)
AT (1) ATE441600T1 (tr)
DE (1) DE602007002279D1 (tr)
EA (1) EA013177B1 (tr)
ES (1) ES2333481T3 (tr)
IT (1) ITMI20060247A1 (tr)
PL (1) PL1981774T3 (tr)
TR (1) TR200802153T1 (tr)
WO (1) WO2007091173A2 (tr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103086065A (zh) * 2013-01-17 2013-05-08 上虞泰和铝塑包装有限公司 过滤式瓶盖
US8453856B2 (en) 2007-07-13 2013-06-04 Obrist Closures Switzerland Gmbh Tamper-evident closure
WO2020139242A1 (en) 2018-12-27 2020-07-02 Bericap Kapak San. A.S. Te closure system especially for bottles of alcohol

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ITMI20061920A1 (it) * 2006-10-06 2008-04-07 Nicola Fabiano Dispositivo di chiusura anti effrazione per bottiglie e,in paticolare,per bottiglie di alcolici o superalcolici
EA016424B1 (ru) * 2010-05-05 2012-04-30 Дмитрий Иванович ПАХОМОВ Предохранительная крышка для бутылки
EA016393B1 (ru) * 2010-05-17 2012-04-30 Дмитрий Иванович ПАХОМОВ Предохранительная крышка
CN101905773B (zh) * 2010-08-05 2012-06-13 山东海普制盖股份有限公司 卡式毁瓶防伪盖
ITMI20112297A1 (it) * 2011-12-16 2013-06-17 Nicola Fabiano Dispositivo di chiusura per bottiglie
HUE027596T2 (en) 2013-02-21 2016-10-28 Bericap Kapak Sanayi Anonim Sirketi Capping Signal Lock System for Bottles
CN103818635B (zh) * 2014-03-19 2016-04-20 湖南新世纪陶瓷有限公司 一种大口酒瓶盖的防伪装置及防伪方法
ITUA20161452A1 (it) * 2016-03-08 2017-09-08 Nicola Fabiano Dispositivo di chiusura per bottiglie con mezzi anti-effrazione non visibili.

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1603045A (tr) * 1968-07-29 1971-03-15
RU2225337C1 (ru) * 2003-01-17 2004-03-10 Иностранное унитарное производственное предприятие "Белкэпс" Предохранительная крышка для бутылки
US5738231A (en) * 1996-04-19 1998-04-14 Rexam Closures, Inc. Tamper indicating threaded closure-container package
DE19851508C2 (de) * 1998-11-09 2000-08-31 Reinhold Haertlein Maschinenba Flaschenverschluß
GB0112726D0 (en) * 2001-05-25 2001-07-18 Montgomery Daniel & Son Ltd Tamper-evident device
GB2390086A (en) * 2002-06-10 2003-12-31 Montgomery Daniel & Son Ltd Tamper evident anti-refill closure
GB0220554D0 (en) * 2002-07-31 2002-10-09 Montgomery Daniel & Son Ltd Liquid container closure assembly
ES2234378B2 (es) * 2002-12-13 2005-12-16 Cia. De Tapones Irrellenables, S.A. Medio de cierre de tapones para botellas con evidencia de apertura.
GB0301818D0 (en) * 2003-01-25 2003-02-26 Montgomery Daniel & Son Ltd Liquid container closure assembly

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8453856B2 (en) 2007-07-13 2013-06-04 Obrist Closures Switzerland Gmbh Tamper-evident closure
CN103086065A (zh) * 2013-01-17 2013-05-08 上虞泰和铝塑包装有限公司 过滤式瓶盖
CN103086065B (zh) * 2013-01-17 2016-08-03 上虞泰和铝塑包装有限公司 过滤式瓶盖
WO2020139242A1 (en) 2018-12-27 2020-07-02 Bericap Kapak San. A.S. Te closure system especially for bottles of alcohol

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ITMI20060247A1 (it) 2007-08-11
ES2333481T3 (es) 2010-02-22
EP1981774A2 (en) 2008-10-22
WO2007091173A2 (en) 2007-08-16
EA013177B1 (ru) 2010-02-26
TR200802153T1 (tr) 2008-06-23
ATE441600T1 (de) 2009-09-15
PL1981774T3 (pl) 2010-02-26
EA200801093A1 (ru) 2008-12-30
WO2007091173A3 (en) 2007-10-18
DE602007002279D1 (de) 2009-10-15

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP1981774B1 (en) Closing device for bottles and, in particular, for bottles of alcohol or spirit
EP3397567B1 (en) Closing device for bottles with easily removable security tab
EP1930248B1 (en) A Tamper Evident Spout Unit and a Bag Incorporating the Spout Unit
US4852751A (en) Tamper indicating container-closure package
EP1582475B1 (en) Tamper evident closure assembly
US20210101728A1 (en) Tamper-evident closure
JP6016300B2 (ja) 密閉栓
EP2081850B1 (en) Anti-tampering closing device for bottles and in particular for bottles of alcoholic drinks or spirits
KR101277818B1 (ko) 고가의 음료를 보관하는 병을 위한 개봉 증명 마개
US11905078B2 (en) Tamper-evident flip-top closure
WO2008110917A1 (en) Tamper-proof device for closing bottles
JPS59500961A (ja) 容器蓋
EA028478B1 (ru) Укупорочная система с контролем первого вскрытия для бутылок
EP3902752B1 (en) Tamper indicating closure system
EP3344560B1 (en) Closing device with non-accessible anti-tampering means
JP4949004B2 (ja) ピルファープルーフバンド付きキャップ
JP5868579B2 (ja) 注出栓
EP2791023B1 (en) A bottle-closing device
KR101020033B1 (ko) 병마개
WO2017153917A1 (en) Closure device for bottles with invisible anti-tamper means
KR200244521Y1 (ko) 이중개폐가능한캡
WO2007144750A1 (en) Tamper -proof closing device for bottles
CA2420701A1 (en) Closure comprising means for locking radial deformation of the tamperproof band
WO2020170143A1 (en) Closing device for bottles with improved anti-tampering system

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20080417

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: EP

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FG4D

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 602007002279

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 20091015

Kind code of ref document: P

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: RO

Ref legal event code: EPE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GR

Ref legal event code: EP

Ref document number: 20090403012

Country of ref document: GR

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20090902

Ref country code: LT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20090902

NLV1 Nl: lapsed or annulled due to failure to fulfill the requirements of art. 29p and 29m of the patents act
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FG2A

Ref document number: 2333481

Country of ref document: ES

Kind code of ref document: T3

LTIE Lt: invalidation of european patent or patent extension

Effective date: 20090902

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20090902

Ref country code: LV

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20090902

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20090902

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: PL

Ref legal event code: T3

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: HU

Ref legal event code: AG4A

Ref document number: E006893

Country of ref document: HU

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CY

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20090902

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20100102

Ref country code: PT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20100104

Ref country code: EE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20090902

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20090902

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20090902

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20100603

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MC

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20100301

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20100205

PGRI Patent reinstated in contracting state [announced from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Effective date: 20110501

PGRI Patent reinstated in contracting state [announced from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Effective date: 20110501

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20110228

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20110228

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20100205

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: TR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20090902

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FI

Payment date: 20140211

Year of fee payment: 8

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20150205

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: PLFP

Year of fee payment: 10

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: PLFP

Year of fee payment: 11

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: PLFP

Year of fee payment: 12

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GR

Payment date: 20240122

Year of fee payment: 18

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Payment date: 20240306

Year of fee payment: 18

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Payment date: 20240124

Year of fee payment: 18

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: RO

Payment date: 20240126

Year of fee payment: 18

Ref country code: HU

Payment date: 20240124

Year of fee payment: 18

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20240213

Year of fee payment: 18

Ref country code: CZ

Payment date: 20240118

Year of fee payment: 18

Ref country code: BG

Payment date: 20240208

Year of fee payment: 18

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20240221

Year of fee payment: 18

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: PL

Payment date: 20240118

Year of fee payment: 18

Ref country code: IT

Payment date: 20240206

Year of fee payment: 18

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20240228

Year of fee payment: 18

Ref country code: BE

Payment date: 20240226

Year of fee payment: 18