EP1978490A1 - Système et procédé pour la reconnaissance automatique de l'état opérationnel d'un moteur de véhicule - Google Patents

Système et procédé pour la reconnaissance automatique de l'état opérationnel d'un moteur de véhicule Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1978490A1
EP1978490A1 EP07425194A EP07425194A EP1978490A1 EP 1978490 A1 EP1978490 A1 EP 1978490A1 EP 07425194 A EP07425194 A EP 07425194A EP 07425194 A EP07425194 A EP 07425194A EP 1978490 A1 EP1978490 A1 EP 1978490A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
vehicle
signal
indicative
descriptor vector
detected
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP07425194A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Piero Mortara
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Marelli Europe SpA
Original Assignee
Magneti Marelli Sistemi Elettronici SpA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Magneti Marelli Sistemi Elettronici SpA filed Critical Magneti Marelli Sistemi Elettronici SpA
Priority to EP07425194A priority Critical patent/EP1978490A1/fr
Publication of EP1978490A1 publication Critical patent/EP1978490A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C5/00—Registering or indicating the working of vehicles
    • G07C5/02—Registering or indicating driving, working, idle, or waiting time only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C5/00—Registering or indicating the working of vehicles
    • G07C5/08—Registering or indicating performance data other than driving, working, idle, or waiting time, with or without registering driving, working, idle or waiting time
    • G07C5/0841—Registering performance data
    • G07C5/085—Registering performance data using electronic data carriers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
    • F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
    • F02D2200/025—Engine noise, e.g. determined by using an acoustic sensor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/0848—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines with means for detecting successful engine start, e.g. to stop starter actuation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C5/00—Registering or indicating the working of vehicles
    • G07C5/008—Registering or indicating the working of vehicles communicating information to a remotely located station

Definitions

  • the present invention relates in general to the monitoring of the operating conditions of a vehicle, and more specifically it relates to a system and a method for the automatic recognition of the started and stopped conditions of a motor vehicle engine.
  • This connection usually causes problems, since it requires the identification of the location of the starter switch, which can differ substantially with the type of vehicle (motor car, industrial vehicle, articulated lorry, motorcycle, agricultural or earth-moving vehicle, ...) and with the technology used for the starting function (determined, for example, by the age of the vehicle).
  • the mechanical starting key is sometimes replaced by an electronic device of the transponder type (such as a smart key or a smart card), and in this case the interception of the enabling signal for the operation of the vehicle becomes even more problematic.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a satisfactory solution to the problems described above, while avoiding the drawbacks of the known art; in other words, to provide a method of automatic recognition of the operating condition of a vehicle engine for an electronic device to be installed or positioned on board subsequently, which does not require a physical connection with the on-board systems of the vehicle.
  • this object is achieved by means of a system having the characteristics claimed in Claim 1, and a method having the characteristics claimed in Claim 20.
  • the present invention bases the recognition of the operating conditions of a vehicle engine on the analysis of the acoustic noise signals (in other words, signals which are different from voice signals) and if necessary the vibration signals present in at least one compartment of the vehicle such as the passenger compartment or the engine compartment, detected by means of sensors (for example, low-cost sensors such as microphones and accelerometers) and processed by an electronic unit (such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), or an FPGA wired computational logic or other specific ASIC logic device) adapted to carry out, in a cooperative mode, a spectrographic analysis (in other words an analysis of the frequency components of the signal), a dynamic analysis (in other words an analysis of the intensity and therefore the energy of the signal) and possibly a phase analysis (phase shifts between copies of the signal detected at different locations on board the vehicle).
  • a spectrographic analysis in other words an analysis of the frequency components of the signal
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • the validation of the recognized conditions can also be additionally associated with (or supported by) the detection of the movement of the vehicle by means of additional accelerometers and/or satellite location signals, for example GPS.
  • This cooperative noise signal analysis also makes it possible to extrapolate information on the current rotation speed of the engine, thus making this information available for further processing.
  • the system can be constructed either as an independent device capable of providing the recognition of the On/Off condition (vehicle operational/vehicle non-operational) in the form of output information which can be used by other devices, or as a system integrated in an electronic device having any function which requires the recognition of the aforesaid condition.
  • the engine speed information appropriately correlated with position and time data, as supplied for example by a GPS receiver, makes it possible to derive operating parameters of the vehicle for the execution of advanced mobility control functions.
  • a subscriber's on-board communication device to detect access, determine the period of presence and the conditions of use of a vehicle in a restricted traffic area (for example, a road charging area), in order to determine by a weighted method any pricing to be applied, which can then be calculated in accordance with the modes of access and use of the vehicle.
  • a restricted traffic area for example, a road charging area
  • the level of pricing for access to a limited traffic zone could be determined according to the time for which the vehicle is present in this zone with the engine running, and according to the conditions of use, which become more or less expensive according to the engine speed and the driving speed.
  • the pricing can be applied on the basis of an identifier of the user and an identifier of the vehicle, communicated to an access control system by means of an external programmed module, or read directly in wireless mode from a transponder device, a smart card, or the like.
  • the described method requires no physical connection to the vehicle system (to the electrical distribution system, the engine speed sensor, electronic control units, the on-board data network, etc.), and no calibration or adjustment operation, since it uses a self-adapting algorithm which can automatically optimize itself after an initial learning phase.
  • Figure 1 shows an exemplary block diagram of the system for recognizing the operating state of a vehicle engine, for example, but not exclusively, an internal combustion engine, according to the invention.
  • This system can be provided in a portable electronic device, or a device to be permanently installed or positioned on board a vehicle, since the system can be efficiently integrated in its own circuit board having small overall dimensions (if it forms a stand-alone device, for example) or integrated in a pre-existing circuit board of a more complex device (for example, a processing and communication box for monitoring the driving behaviour).
  • the number 10 indicates a processing unit, for example an ordinary microprocessor-based processing unit, a digital signal processor (DSP), an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) wired computational logic or other specific ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) logic device which can execute a software or firmware program.
  • a processing unit for example an ordinary microprocessor-based processing unit, a digital signal processor (DSP), an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) wired computational logic or other specific ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) logic device which can execute a software or firmware program.
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array
  • ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit
  • This unit is adapted to receive at a first input electrical signals arriving from at least one acoustic sensor 12 and preferably from at least a pair of these sensors, for example microphones operating at audio frequencies, which are adapted to acquire acoustic or noise signals propagating in a reference compartment of the vehicle, such as the passenger compartment, and from at least one vibration sensor 14 of the vehicle, such as an accelerometer or similar transducer mechanically coupled to a rigid part of the vehicle, which is adapted to detect vibrations of the vehicle, particularly at subsonic frequencies, thus effectively extending the analysis spectrum.
  • the electrical signals are taken to the unit 10 via an A/D converter module 16.
  • the unit is also adapted to receive, at a second input, signals sent by an on-board geographical positioning system 18, for example a GPS satellite positioning system.
  • an on-board geographical positioning system for example a GPS satellite positioning system.
  • Memory means 20 are associated to the unit 10, adapted to store a plurality of reference models of acoustic noise signals and vibration signals classified according to known operating conditions, for example with reference to an operating condition in which the engine is started and an operating condition in which the engine is stopped.
  • the processing unit 10 is also designed to receive at its input supplementary data for identifying the vehicle 30 and possibly the user of the vehicle 32, using known means of communication.
  • the processing unit 10 includes a finite state machine which, in a learning phase, is adapted to carry out the generation of a plurality of reference models of acoustic noise signals and vibration signals (if required, for the extension of the analysis to subsonic frequencies), and, in an execution phase, the classification of the acoustic noise signals and the vibration signals received at the input according to the said plurality of reference models. It is designed to send an output electrical signal indicating an operating state of the vehicle, for example a binary signal to signal the operating condition in which the engine is started or in which the engine is stopped.
  • the processing unit 10 comprises a first processing module 40 adapted to carry out a spectrographic analysis of the acoustic noise signal received (and of the vibration signal, if specified) in order to generate frequency parameters indicative of the said signal, a second processing module 42 adapted to carry out a dynamic analysis of the acoustic noise signal received (and of the vibration signal, if specified) in order to generate dynamic parameters indicative of the said signal, and a third processing module 44 adapted to carry out a phase analysis of the acoustic noise signal received (and of the vibration signal, if specified) in order to generate phase parameters indicative of the said signal.
  • the frequency, dynamic and phase parameters are combined to form a descriptor vector of the detected signal.
  • the frequency parameters comprise, for example, a vector for spectral representation of the signal components, as shown in Figure 3 , the spectrographic analysis comprising a Fourier analysis of the noise signal carried out through digital filters, for example in order to separate or exclude voice signals or other spurious noise signals (external to the vehicle).
  • the spectrographic analysis makes it possible to highlight deterministic periodic components of the signal, produced by the engine, and separate them from nondeterministic spurious noises.
  • the voice signal can be separated or excluded by filtering upstream of the analysis processing modules 40-44, or downstream of them, in the recognition algorithm.
  • the dynamic parameters comprise, for example, a vector of data indicating the intensity and energy of the signal over time, as shown in Figure 3 , the dynamic analysis comprising an analysis of the envelope of the noise signal received.
  • the phase parameters comprise, for example, a vector representing the phase shift components between copies of the noise signal received from sensors distributed in the compartment, as shown in Figure 3 .
  • the phase analysis makes it possible, for example, to separate or exclude voice signals or other spurious noise signals external to the vehicle, which may be similar but are probably not repeated over a long period.
  • a composition processing module 46 downstream of the modules 40-44 is adapted to receive the corresponding analysis signals from the said modules and compose a global model of the detected signal as a function of the frequency, dynamic and phase parameters calculated previously.
  • the global model composed by the module 46 is stored in a library 48 of reference models in the memory means 20.
  • the global model composed by the module 46 is compared with the reference models in the library 48 in a comparator module 50, which is arranged to recognize the current operating condition and to send a signal indicative of this condition.
  • the comparison is made by determining the distance between the descriptor vector of the detected signal and the reference descriptor vector, two vectors being considered similar if the distance between them is less than a predetermined threshold value.
  • This threshold value is determined by identifying a predetermined acceptable range of variance for each component of the vector which can be obtained by the aforesaid analyses, centred on an expected reference value.
  • FIG. 2 shows both the learning phase and the execution phase, but it should be understood that the elements of the system shown twice are not actually duplicated in the system, their representation being duplicated solely to aid the understanding of the functions of the system.
  • the comparator module 50 can also be conveniently provided with input signals indicative of a condition of movement of the vehicle, from either an accelerometer device 60 or the integrated GPS system 18, respectively.
  • Timer means are also integrated into the processing unit 10 for controlling the wake-up of the unit at predetermined time intervals, for performing a recognition operation. Alternatively, this wake-up could be performed after the unit has received an external wake-up signal.
  • Figure 4 shows a state diagram of the processing unit 10 in an autonomous learning phase.
  • the unit 10 is woken up from an inactive state 100 periodically (for example, every 30 seconds), and then switches to an active state 120.
  • the unit checks whether the acoustic signal level perceived by the sensors is or is not above a predetermined minimum threshold. If the perceived acoustic signal is below this threshold, the unit resets itself to the inactive state 100 and waits for the next wake-up. If there is a signal above the threshold, the unit starts a signal analysis step 140 supported by predetermined reference models, such as known models dependent on the nominal characteristics of the vehicle engine type.
  • step 140 If there is a representative signal, in other words - in the space of the signal descriptor vectors - one lying within a neighbourhood with a predefined radius of the descriptor vector of a given nominal reference model of operating conditions for the type of engine or vehicle, its parameters are stored (step 140), and the library of reference models is updated accordingly. Otherwise, the unit resets itself to the inactive state 100. It always switches to this state after the updating of the model library.
  • Figure 5 shows a state diagram of the processing unit 10 in a guided learning phase.
  • the unit 10 is woken up from the inactive state 100 switching to the active state 120 when the engine is started, in other words when the key unit is switched.
  • the unit 10 then starts a step of analysis of the signal 140 and of storage of the parameters, updating the library of reference models accordingly, and then resets itself to the inactive state 100.
  • Figure 6 shows a state diagram of the processing unit 10 in an execution step of recognition of an operating condition of the vehicle engine.
  • the unit 10 is woken up from the inactive state 100 periodically (for example, every 30 seconds), and then switches to the active state 120.
  • the unit checks whether the acoustic signal level perceived by the sensors is or is not above a predetermined minimum threshold. If the perceived acoustic signal is below this threshold, the unit resets itself to the inactive state 100 and waits for the next wake-up. If there is a signal above the threshold, the unit starts a signal analysis step 140, supported by the library of predetermined reference models, as described above.
  • the unit sets itself to a permanent active state 200 and sends a signal indicative of the recognized operating condition. From this state, it performs a new signal analysis step 140 periodically (for example, every 30 seconds).
  • the unit When, after a signal analysis step 140, the unit no longer recognizes the acoustic signal perceived by the sensors, it resets itself to the inactive state 100 possibly, sending a signal indicative of the recognized operating condition.
  • the disclosed system can be integrated into a subscriber's on-board device forming part of a system for managing access to a controlled-access area, such as an urban area with restricted traffic.
  • Permission to access and freely pass across an area of the aforesaid type is normally granted to vehicles with which a specific transit permit has been associated because they belong to specific categories due to the fact that they are equipped with particular devices, for example devices capable of limiting polluting emissions, or are intended to provide particular services.
  • These permits can generally be allocated to vehicles allowed to travel to a predetermined destination lying within the area, for example vehicles belonging to members of the public residing in the area itself, or having their workplaces there.
  • remote control systems for monitoring the passage of vehicles through points of access to the restricted traffic areas, these systems being adapted to acquire images or codes identifying a vehicle in transit for checking the authorization for access or for pricing the access, for example according to the time for which the vehicle remains in the area.
  • Figure 7 shows a system for managing access to a restricted traffic area based on the use of on-board devices provided with a system for the automatic recognition of the operating state of the engine of a vehicle according to the invention, for monitoring the conditions of use of the vehicle.
  • a state diagram of the processing unit 10 in an execution phase of recognition of an operating condition of the vehicle engine is shown, as in Figure 6 .
  • the unit carries out a cyclic activation with a period which is at least 2 orders of magnitude shorter than the wake-up period (for example, 5ms), to start a signal analysis step 240, in which, in a preferred embodiment, the current engine rotation speed is recognized and a corresponding signal rpm is sent, by the filtering or application of processing algorithms with configuration parameters predetermined according to the type of vehicle engine.
  • the unit 10 receives in input signals identifying the vehicle and the user from an external programming device (for example, an on-board transponder carrying the said information recorded on a smart card), together with signals indicative of the period of use and the driving speed of the vehicle, using for example a resident GPS system, and records the vehicle use parameters by correlation of the data on the engine rotation speed, period of use, location and speed of the vehicle.
  • an external programming device for example, an on-board transponder carrying the said information recorded on a smart card
  • the stored data are transmitted (step 280), for example by means of a wireless connection via GPRS, Wi-Fi or the like, to a service controller of the system for managing access to a restricted traffic area, and this controller applies a price (300) and makes a charge (320) according to the data received.
  • the pricing and charging operations could be carried out locally, for example to carry out local charging to a prepayment card, as shown in the figure.

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EP07425194A 2007-04-02 2007-04-02 Système et procédé pour la reconnaissance automatique de l'état opérationnel d'un moteur de véhicule Withdrawn EP1978490A1 (fr)

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EP07425194A EP1978490A1 (fr) 2007-04-02 2007-04-02 Système et procédé pour la reconnaissance automatique de l'état opérationnel d'un moteur de véhicule

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Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009133195A1 (fr) * 2008-04-30 2009-11-05 The Royal Bank Of Scotland Fonctionnement de moteur de véhicule
EP2302398A1 (fr) * 2009-09-25 2011-03-30 Continental Automotive GmbH Agencement de tachygraphe pour un véhicule et dispositif de capteur pour un tachygraphe
WO2012031614A1 (fr) * 2010-09-09 2012-03-15 Autoliv Development Ab Système permettant de déterminer les caractéristiques de vibration d'un véhicule à moteur
CN102568057A (zh) * 2012-02-22 2012-07-11 深圳市锐明视讯技术有限公司 一种获知发动机没有关闭的方法和装置
US8393201B2 (en) 2010-09-21 2013-03-12 Webtech Wireless Inc. Sensing ignition by voltage monitoring
ITMI20121650A1 (it) * 2012-10-02 2014-04-03 Cobra Automotive Technologies S P A Dispositivo per il rilevamento delle modalita' di impiego di un veicolo, particolarmente per applicazioni in ambito assicurativo o simili
ITTO20121087A1 (it) * 2012-12-17 2014-06-18 Magneti Marelli Spa Procedimento di determinazione dello stato di un veicolo per mezzo di sensori inerziali, sistema per l'attuazione di tale procedimento installabile a bordo di un veicolo e piattaforma telematica comprendente un tale sistema.
WO2014173818A3 (fr) * 2013-04-26 2014-12-24 Jaguar Land Rover Limited Appareil de diagnostic de véhicule, unité de diagnostic et procédés
EP2859464A4 (fr) * 2012-06-08 2015-08-05 Airbiquity Inc Évaluation de données de capteurs électroniques permettant d'identifier à distance un véhicule à moteur et de télésurveiller un comportement d'un conducteur
FR3027426A1 (fr) * 2014-10-20 2016-04-22 Exotic Systems Systeme et procede d'identification automatique d'outil, notamment agricole, susceptible d'etre attache a un vehicule de traction
US9370029B2 (en) 2009-10-15 2016-06-14 Airbiquity Inc. Efficient headunit communication integration
US9639996B2 (en) 2013-02-01 2017-05-02 Jaguar Land Rover Limited Vehicle diagnostics apparatus and method
CN112740129A (zh) * 2018-09-18 2021-04-30 卡迪赛姆公司 用于监测产生振动的机器的运行的方法及用于实现该方法的设备

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Cited By (25)

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US11618411B2 (en) 2008-04-30 2023-04-04 Tracker Network (Uk) Limited Vehicle engine operation
US10272874B2 (en) 2008-04-30 2019-04-30 Tracker Network (Uk) Limited Vehicle engine operation
WO2009133195A1 (fr) * 2008-04-30 2009-11-05 The Royal Bank Of Scotland Fonctionnement de moteur de véhicule
US10807562B2 (en) 2008-04-30 2020-10-20 Tracker Network (Uk) Limited Vehicle engine operation
US9643570B2 (en) 2008-04-30 2017-05-09 Tracker Network (Uk) Limited Vehicle engine operation
EP2302398A1 (fr) * 2009-09-25 2011-03-30 Continental Automotive GmbH Agencement de tachygraphe pour un véhicule et dispositif de capteur pour un tachygraphe
US9730254B2 (en) 2009-10-15 2017-08-08 Airbiquity Inc. Efficient headunit communication integration
US9370029B2 (en) 2009-10-15 2016-06-14 Airbiquity Inc. Efficient headunit communication integration
DE112010005864T5 (de) 2010-09-09 2013-08-14 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft System zur Bestimmung des Schwingungsverhaltens eines Kraftfahrzeugs
US9453759B2 (en) 2010-09-09 2016-09-27 Autoliv Development Ab System for determining vibration characteristics of a motor vehicle
WO2012031614A1 (fr) * 2010-09-09 2012-03-15 Autoliv Development Ab Système permettant de déterminer les caractéristiques de vibration d'un véhicule à moteur
US8393201B2 (en) 2010-09-21 2013-03-12 Webtech Wireless Inc. Sensing ignition by voltage monitoring
CN102568057B (zh) * 2012-02-22 2014-07-23 深圳市锐明视讯技术有限公司 一种获知发动机没有关闭的方法和装置
CN102568057A (zh) * 2012-02-22 2012-07-11 深圳市锐明视讯技术有限公司 一种获知发动机没有关闭的方法和装置
EP2859464A4 (fr) * 2012-06-08 2015-08-05 Airbiquity Inc Évaluation de données de capteurs électroniques permettant d'identifier à distance un véhicule à moteur et de télésurveiller un comportement d'un conducteur
US11004277B2 (en) 2012-06-08 2021-05-11 Airbiquity Inc. Assessment of electronic sensor data to remotely identify a motor vehicle and monitor driver behavior
US9401057B2 (en) 2012-06-08 2016-07-26 Airbiquity Inc. Assessment of electronic sensor data to remotely identify a motor vehicle and monitor driver behavior
ITMI20121650A1 (it) * 2012-10-02 2014-04-03 Cobra Automotive Technologies S P A Dispositivo per il rilevamento delle modalita' di impiego di un veicolo, particolarmente per applicazioni in ambito assicurativo o simili
EP2743485A1 (fr) 2012-12-17 2014-06-18 MAGNETI MARELLI POWERTRAIN S.p.A. Procédé de détermination de l'état d'un véhicule au moyen de capteurs inertiels, système pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé qui peut être installé à bord d'un véhicule et plateforme télématique comprenant un tel système
ITTO20121087A1 (it) * 2012-12-17 2014-06-18 Magneti Marelli Spa Procedimento di determinazione dello stato di un veicolo per mezzo di sensori inerziali, sistema per l'attuazione di tale procedimento installabile a bordo di un veicolo e piattaforma telematica comprendente un tale sistema.
US9639996B2 (en) 2013-02-01 2017-05-02 Jaguar Land Rover Limited Vehicle diagnostics apparatus and method
US9704307B2 (en) 2013-04-26 2017-07-11 Jaguar Land Rover Limited Vehicle diagnostics apparatus, diagnostics unit and methods
WO2014173818A3 (fr) * 2013-04-26 2014-12-24 Jaguar Land Rover Limited Appareil de diagnostic de véhicule, unité de diagnostic et procédés
FR3027426A1 (fr) * 2014-10-20 2016-04-22 Exotic Systems Systeme et procede d'identification automatique d'outil, notamment agricole, susceptible d'etre attache a un vehicule de traction
CN112740129A (zh) * 2018-09-18 2021-04-30 卡迪赛姆公司 用于监测产生振动的机器的运行的方法及用于实现该方法的设备

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