Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W8/00—Network data management
  • H04W8/02—Processing of mobility data, e.g. registration information at HLR [Home Location Register] or VLR [Visitor Location Register]; Transfer of mobility data, e.g. between HLR, VLR or external networks
  • H04W8/08—Mobility data transfer
  • H04W8/082—Mobility data transfer for traffic bypassing of mobility servers, e.g. location registers, home PLMNs or home agents
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W80/00—Wireless network protocols or protocol adaptations to wireless operation
  • H04W80/04—Network layer protocols, e.g. mobile IP [Internet Protocol]
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
  • H04W88/16—Gateway arrangements

Definitions

• the present invention relates to telecommunications systems operable to provide mobile communications sessions to mobile nodes using an internet protocol, in which the mobile nodes change affiliation from a home packet data network to a visited packet data network.
• the present invention also relates to methods for providing mobile communications sessions to mobile nodes using an internet protocol, when the mobile node changes affiliation from a home packet data network to a visited packet data network.
• Packet data networks provide a facility for communicating data in the form of internet packets to and from communicating devices or nodes.
• the packet data network may provide a facility for mobile communications with a node (referred to generally as a mobile node) using, for example a radio access interface, which allows the communicating device node to be mobile within a radio coverage area provided by the network.
• a radio access interface for example, the General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is a telecommunications standard developed by the 3 rd Generation Project Partnership (3GPP) which provides a facility for communicating internet packets via a radio access interface.
• 3GPP 3 rd Generation Project Partnership
• a GPRS network can be formed using a Global System for Mobiles (GSM) or a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) backbone network.
• GSM Global System for Mobiles
• UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
• IP Internet Protocol
• IPv4 internet protocol version 4
• IPV6 internet protocol version 6
• the IPv6 standard is an example of a standard which provides a facility for route optimisation in which internet packets to be communicated between a mobile node and a correspondent node do not need to be routed via the mobile node's home agent.
• internet packets are communicated using a packet data network such as a GPRS network, then such route optimisation procedures can be incompatible with the operation of the GPRS network.
• a telecommunications system operable to provide a mobile communications session to a mobile node using an internet protocol.
• the telecommunication system comprises a home packet data network operable to communicate internet packets to and from the mobile node to provide the communications session, when the mobile node is affiliated with the home packet data network.
• the home packet data network includes a home agent of the mobile node.
• the telecommunications system also includes a visited packet data network operable to communicate internet packets to and from the mobile node to provide the communications session, when the mobile node is affiliated with the visited packet data network.
• One of the home packet data network or the visited packet data network includes a packet data gateway for controlling the communication of the internet packets to and from the home packet data network from and to the visited packet data network.
• the mobile node is operable to communicate a correspondent node binding update internet packet to the correspondent node via the packet date gateway, when the mobile node changes affiliation from the home packet data network to the visited packet data network.
• the correspondent node binding update internet packet provides a care of address of the mobile node within the visited packet data network and a home address of the mobile node.
• the packet data network is operable to store the home address of the mobile node in association with the care of address of the mobile node, to adapt the correspondent node binding update internet packet by replacing the care of address in the received correspondent binding update packet with the address of the packet data gateway, and to communicate the adapted correspondent binding update packet to the correspondent node.
• Embodiments of the present invention provide a facility for allowing control of resources of a packet data network by a mobile node after the mobile node has roamed from the mobile node's home packet data network to a visited packet data network. Control of communications resources is provided using a packet data gateway.
• the packet data gateway in order for the packet data gateway to control the communication of internet packets between the home packet data network and the visited packet data network to which the mobile node is attached, the internet packets communicated by the mobile in the visited network must be arranged to be routed through the packet data gateway.
• IPv6 Internet protocol version 6
• IPv6 Internet protocol version 6
• IPv6 Internet protocol version 6
• IPv6 Internet protocol version 6
• a correspondent node binding update internet packet is communicated from the mobile node in the visited network to the correspondent node, which provides the correspondent node with a care of address of the mobile node in the visited network.
• the correspondent node can communicate internet packets to the mobile node without having to send these internet packets via the home agent of the mobile node, thereby improving an efficiency of communications.
• the internet packets do not pass through the home agent then, they will not pass through the packet data gateway.
• embodiments of the present invention arrange for the correspondent node binding update internet packet, which is sent by the mobile node to be routed via the packet data gateway.
• the mobile node provides in the correspondent node binding update packet, it's care of address in the visited network and it's home address.
• the packet data gateway receives the correspondent node binding update internet packet and stores the mobile node's home address in association with the mobile node's care of address.
• the packet data gateway then replaces the care of address of the mobile node in the correspondent node binding update packet with its own address.
• the correspondent node therefore receives the correspondent node binding update internet packet for the mobile node's communication session, and uses the address of the packet data gateway as the destination address as a care of address for internet packets to be communicated to the mobile node.
• the correspondent node therefore receives a correspondent binding update with the packet data gateway as the care of address.
• the packet data gateway can adapt the received internet packets, replacing the packet data gateway's address as the destination address with the care of address of the mobile node. Therefore, although a route optimisation process has taken place the internet packets are still routed via the packet data gateway.
• Embodiments of the present invention therefore provide an arrangement in which internet packets, communicated to and from a mobile node which has roamed from its home network to a visited network, are routed through a packet data gateway.
• the packet data gateway may provide policing functions as well as billing, authentication, authorisation and administration.
• the packet data gateway forms part of the home network of the mobile node although in other examples the packet data gateway forms part of a network to which the mobile node has roamed which will be referred to as the visited network.
• a security internet protocol tunnel may be established between the packet data gateway and the mobile node in the visited network.
• the security internet protocol tunnel may in some embodiments be an IPsec tunnel, in accordance with the 3GPP standard.
• Figure 1 provides a schematic block diagram illustrating an example in which a mobile node roams from a 3GPP packet data network to a non-3GPP packet data network;
• Figure 2 provides a schematic block diagram for an example corresponding to the shown in Figure 1, in which the mobile node generates a co-located care of address and the packet data gateway is in the home packet data network, and illustrating an example of the present technique;
• Figure 3 provides a schematic block diagram for the example shown in Figure 2, with the packet data gateway and the home agent arranged to tunnel data between each other;
• Figure 4 provides a schematic block diagram for an example corresponding to the shown in Figure 1, in which the visited network includes a foreign agent and the packet data gateway is in the home packet data network, and illustrating an example of the present technique;
• Figure 5 provides a schematic block diagram for the example shown in Figure
• Figure 6 provides a schematic block diagram of a home packet data network and a visited packet data network, in which the visited network includes a packet data gateway and a foreign agent, and illustrating an example of the present technique
• Figure 7 provides a schematic block diagram of a home packet data network and a visited packet data network, in which the visited network includes a packet data gateway and a foreign agent, and illustrating an example of the present technique in which the packet data gateway and the foreign agent tunnel data packets there between;
• Figure 8a provides a schematic block diagram for an example in which the packet data gateway is located in the visited packet data network and the mobile node generates a co-located care of address illustrating an example of the present technique
• Figure 8b shows the same example as Figure 8a except that the foreign agent is co- located with the packet data gateway;
• FIG. 9 provides a schematic block diagram for an example corresponding to the shown in Figure 1, in which the mobile node operates in accordance with internet protocol version 6 (IPv6), the packet data gateway is in the home packet data network, and illustrating home agent tunnelling according to the present technique;
• IPv6 internet protocol version 6
• Figure 10 provides a schematic block diagram for the example of Figure 9, illustrating a route optimisation process through a correspondent node binding update process
• Figure 11 provides a schematic block diagram for an example in which the mobile node operates in accordance with internet protocol version 6 (IPv6), the packet data gateway is in the visited packet data network, and illustrating home agent tunnelling according to the present technique; and
• Figure 12 provides a schematic block diagram for the example of Figure 11, illustrating a route optimisation process through a correspondent node binding update process.
• IPv6 internet protocol version 6
• a home network of a mobile node or a visited network of the mobile node is arranged to operate in accordance with a 3GPP standard, or both whilst in other embodiments one of the home network or the visited network may operate in accordance with a standard which is a normal 3GPP standard.
• FIG. 1 shows an example in which a mobile node MN roams from a home network HN to a visited network VN.
• the home network HN is a packet data network which operates in accordance with a General Packet Radio Ssystem (GPRS) and so elements forming part of the GPRS network correspond to the GPRS standard.
• the GPRS network therefore includes a GPRS Gateway Support Node (GGSN) 1, a Serving Gateway Support Node (SGSN) 2, and a Radio Network Controller (RNC) 4.
• GGSN GPRS Gateway Support Node
• SGSN Serving Gateway Support Node
• RNC Radio Network Controller
• the mobile node MN when attached to the home network communicates via the radio access interface in accordance with the Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) standard to transmit and receive data.
• the data transmitted and received between the Node Bs 6, 8 and the mobile node MN represents internet protocol packets.
• UTRAN Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network
• a communications service is provided to the mobile node MN which establishes a communications session between the mobile node MN and the home network HN in which internet packets are transmitted to and received from the Node Bs 6, 8 via the radio access network.
• the internet packets are communicated to and from a home agent HA 10 which is connected to the GGSN 1. If the mobile node MN stays affiliated witih the home network HN then the internet protocol packets which are communicated with a corresponding node CN are routed via the home agent 10.
• the mobile node MN may roam to another network.
• the mobile node MN becomes attached to a visited network VN having left a radio coverage area provided by the home network HN.
• the mobile node MN roams from the home network HN to the visited network VN.
• IPv4 internet protocol version 4
• IPv6 internet protocol version 6
• a mobile node roams to a visited network which is operating in accordance with IPv6, then in accordance with a route optimisation procedure a corresponding node is informed of the mobile node's care of address within the visited network and a correspondent node binding update process is performed.
• the visited network will include a Wireless Access Gateway WAG 14, via which all internet packets transmitted from the foreign network (egressing) or received by the visited network (ingressing) will pass.
• WAG 14 Wireless Access Gateway
• a packet data gateway (PDG) 16 is provided.
• a packet data gateway PDG 16 is attached to home agent 10.
• all internet packets egressing from the home network and ingressing to the home network must pass through the packet data gateway (PDG) 16.
• the mobile node MN has roamed to a visited network VN and acquired a care of address the internet packets sent from MN or received by the MN will in accordance with an IPv4 operation simply be routed to the home agent 10 and not pass through the packet data gateway.
• internet packets which are sent by or received from a mobile node MN which has roamed to a visited network to pass through a packet data gateway.
• the packet data gateway may be in either the home network as it is shown in Figure 1 or may be in the visited network. Further example embodiments will be explained below for both the IPv4 case, the IPv6 case and other scenarios in which the PDG is either in the home network or the visited network or indeed whether the visited network includes a foreign agent or not.
• These embodiments arrange for internet packets sent to and received from the mobile node when it has roamed to a visited network to be routed via a packet data gateway.
• Figure 2 shows an example where the packet data gateway is present within a home network HN of a mobile node MN.
• the home network HN and visited network VN corresponding to those shown in Figure 1 are represented in a simplified form.
• the example shown in Figure 2 shows the packet data gateway PDG 16.1 within the home network HN with the mobile node MN having roamed to the visited network VN.
• a binding update procedure is performed.
• the Internet protocol version is 4 (IPv4) so that the mobile node MN performs a binding update procedure in accordance with the IPv4 standard.
• the visiting network VN does not include a foreign agent so that the mobile node operates to generate its own care of address which is referred to as a located care of address CLCOA.
• a binding update packet 20 is communicated to the home agent 10 in the home network HN.
• an encapsulated internet protocol packet 22 sent between the mobile MN and the PDG 22 has an additional header with a destination address 22.1 being that of the PDG 16, the source address 22.2 being the co-located care of address CLCoA of the MN and the payload providing the binding update packet 20.
• the additional tunnelling header addresses 22.1, 22.1 are removed and the tunnel is forwarded by the PDG to the home agent 10.1.
• the home agent 10.1 is adapted to ensure that any internet packets which are addressed to the mobile node MN in the visited network at the care of address CLCoA are routed via the packet data gateway 16.1.
• the routing of the packets to the packet data gateway 16.1 by the home agent 10.1 for the mobile node MN at the co-located care of address CLCoA is arranged by updating a routing table 24 which forms part of the home agent 10.1.
• the home agent 10.1 includes the home address of the mobile node HA in association with the co-located care of address CLCoA.
• a default router option is set to force the packets received by the home agent 10.1 for the mobile node MN at the co-located care of address CLCoA to be routed through the packet data gateway 16.1.
• Figure 3 which will be explained shortly, provides an example in which internet packets for the mobile node in the visited network are tunnelled to the packet data gateway 16.1 from the home agent for communicating to the mobile node MN.
• an internet packet 26 sent from a correspondent node CN to the mobile node MN is routed to the home agent 10.1.
• the routing table 24 has been updated and so the internet packet, addressed to the co-located care of address CLCoA of the mobile MN is forwarded to the packet data gateway 16.1 as the internet packet 28.
• the internet packet 28 includes the co-located care of address CLCoA 28.1 as the destination address, the address of the home agent 10.1 as the source address 28.2 and the data for communication to the mobile node 28.3.
• the received internet packet 28 is tunnelled to the mobile node using a mobile internet protocol tunnel 32 set up between the packet data gateway and the mobile node MN.
• the co-located care of address CLCoA as the destination address 30.1 and the address of the PDG as the source address 30.2 the data can be communicated via the mobile IP tunnel 32 to the mobile node MN in the visited network VN.
• a secure internet protocol tunnel 34 is established within the mobile IP tunnel 32.
• the secure internet protocol tunnel conforms to the IPsec standard.
• the communication of the tunnelled internet packet between the packet data gateway 16.1 and the mobile node MN conforms to the 3GPP standard.
• the destination address 36.1 is the end of the IPsec tunnel 34 and so includes the destination address of the IPsec MN 36.1.
• the source address is then the start of the IPsec tunnel which is designated as the IPsec PDG 36.2.
• the IPsec header 36 is added at the packet data gateway 16.1 and communicated to the mobile node MN within the IPsec tunnel 34.
• the mobile node receives the IPsec encapsulated internet packet removes the IPsec header 36 and then receives the internet packet 28 at the co-located care of address CLCoA.
• an example is illustrated which corresponds to that shown in Figure 2.
• an internet protocol tunnel is set up between the home agent 10.1 and the packet data gateway 16.1 which is represented in Figure 3 as a tunnel 40.
• the received packet which is addressed to the mobile node MN at the co- located care of address CLCoA 42 is encapsulated as a tunnelled packet by adding a header 44.
• the header 44 includes a destination address 44.1 which is that of the packet data gateway 16.1 and a source address 44.2 which is that of the home agent 10.1.
• FIG 4 provides an illustration of a scenario which corresponds to that of the examples shown in Figures 2 and 3, that is with packet data gateway in the home network HN and with the internet packets being communicated in accordance with IPv4.
• the visiting network VN includes a foreign agent FA 60 which acts as if it were a home agent in the visited network VN to the mobile node MN and performs the functions of the home agent for the mobile node MN in the visited network VN.
• the foreign agent 60 generates a care of address of the mobile node and initiates the binding update process.
• a binding update packet 62 is sent via a binding update tunnel 64 between the foreign agent 60 and the packet data gateway 16.2. After the binding update packet 62 has been received by the packet data gateway 16.2 it is forwarded by the packet data gateway 16.2 to the home agent 10.2.
• the operation of the scenario shown in Figure 4 corresponds to that of the operation shown in figures 2 and 3 with the home agent 16.2 either updating its routing table or tunnelling packets which are to be routed to the mobile node MN in a visiting network VN at the care of address COA 5 via the packet data gateway.
• the home agent 16.2 could update its routing table to route received packets to the mobile node MN via the packet data gateway or could establish a tunnel to encapsulate the packets to be sent to the mobile node MN by adding a header 66 with a destination address 66.1 of the packet data gateway a source address 66.2 of the home agent 10.2.
• IPsec internet protocol security tunnel
• the packet data gateway 16.2 is arranged to set up a mobile JP tunnel 68 before setting up the IP spec tunnel 71 which comprises a tunnel 71.1 between the packet data gateway 16.2 and the foreign agent 60 and a part 70.2 between the foreign agent 60 and the mobile node MN.
• the packet data gateway 16.2 encapsulates the packet to be forwarded to the mobile node with a header having the destination address as the foreign agent with the source address as the packet data gateway.
• the packet data gateway 16.2 then inserts an BPsec header 70 with a source address 70.1 being that of the packet data gateway (JPsec PDG) and the destination address being that of the mobile node (IPsec MN) and inserts the IPsec header 70 between the mobile internet protocol tunnel header added by the packet data gateway to form an encapsulated packet 73.
• JPsec PDG packet data gateway
• IPsec MN mobile node
• Figure 4 illustrates a process for communicating the internet packet 67 to the mobile node MN in the visited network VN:
• the home agent 16.2 encapsulates the internet packet 67 to be communicated with a header 66 having the destination address 66.1 as the packet data gateway 16.2 and the home agent HA as the source address 66.2.
• the packet which is addressed to the mobile node at the care of address 67 is encapsulated with a mobile IP header 70 which has the foreign agent as the destination address 70.1 and the packet data gateway as the source address 70.2.
• the packet data gateway also inserts an IPsec header 72 having the destination address of the MN 72.1 as the end of the IPsec tunnel and the address of the packet data gateway IPsec PDG as the source address 72.2.
• the mobile IP header 70 is removed and the packet is then forwarded to a mobile node which is the end of the IPsec tunnel 70.2 as a result of routing using IPsec header 72.
• the IPsec header is removed and the data packet is received at the mobile node at the care of address 67.1.
• the packet data gateway 16.2 and the home agent 10.2 are arranged to communicate internet packets to the mobile node MN via a foreign agent 60.
• An internet protocol security tunnel (IPsec) has then been established between the packet data gateway 16.2 and the mobile node MN even though the foreign agent exists in the visited network VN.
• Figure 5 illustrates an example where the packet data gateway is co-located with the home agent. As a result there is no requirement to adapt the routing table or establish a tunnel between the home agent the packet data gateway.
• the arrangement of the mobile EP tunnel being established before the IPsec tunnel as illustrated in Figure 4 will also apply to Figure 5.
• FIG 6 provides an illustration of an example where the packet data gateway is provided within the visited network VN.
• the binding update process is performed in which a binding update packet 80 is sent from the foreign agent 82 to a home agent 10.3 within the home network HN.
• the foreign agent 82 establishes a care of address for the mobile node MN and communicates a binding update packet to the home agent 10.3.
• the foreign agent 82 is arranged to communicate the binding update packet to the home agent 10.3 via the packet data gateway 16.3.
• a routing table 84 of the foreign agent 82 is adapted to identify the packet data gateway as the default next routing address for packets addressed to the home agent 10.3 within the home network HN.
• a foreign agent 82.1 is arranged to tunnel packets to the packet data gateway 16.4 via a tunnel by encapsulating the packets for communication to the home agent using a tunnelling header.
• a mobile IP header 86 includes the home address of the mobile node HA as the destination address 86.1 and the address of the packet data gateway PDG as the source address 86.2.
• the home agent 10.3 updates information that the mobile node MN is at the care of address in the visiting network VN in accordance with a conventional IPv4 binding update.
• the home agent 10.3 then operates to establish a mobile IP tunnel 87 between the home agent 10.3 and the packet data gateway 16.3.
• the mobile internet protocol tunnel is required to communicate in the internet packet between the home agent and the packet data gateway and between the packet data gateway and the foreign agent. Therefore the home agent 10.3 establishes statically or dynamically the mobile IP tunnel 87 to tunnel a packet received at the home agent 10.3 to the packet data gateway 16.3.
• An example of such a packet is shown to carry an internet data packet from the correspondent node CN 88, which has the care of address of the mobile node CoA as the destination address 88.1 and the mobile node's home address HA 88.2 as the source address.
• the internet data packet 88 received at the home agent 10.3 is then tunnelled via the mobile internet protocol tunnel 87 using the mobile IP header 90.
• the mobile internet protocol header 90 includes the address of the packet data gateway as the destination address 90.1 and the address of the home agent as the source address 90.2.
• the payload 90.3 provides the received packet 88.
• the packet data gateway 16.3 removes the mobile internet protocol header 90 to form a received data packet 88.
• the packet data gateway 16.3 is then arranged to communicate the received packet 88 to the foreign agent 82 which is then forwarded to the mobile node at the care of address 88.1.
• the packet data gateway is arranged to identify the foreign agent as the default next address of data packets using an updated routing table 92.
• the care of address of the mobile node identifies the foreign agent.
• the packet data gateway is arranged a tunnel packets from the foreign agent 82.1.
• the binding update procedure is the same as that shown in Figure 6.
• the received data packet 88 in step 3 is then encapsulated using a tunnelling header 94 which has the destination address of the foreign agent as 94.1 and the address of the packet data gateway as the source address 94.2.
• the received packet 88 is recovered by removing the tunnelling header 94 and forwarded by the foreign agent 82.1 to the mobile node MN.
• Figure 8a illustrates an example in which packet data gateway 16.5 is located within a visited network VN and communication is effected using IPv4.
• the mobile node MN generates its own co-located care of address CLCoA as for the example illustrated in Figure 2.
• the example shown in Figure 8a corresponds to that shown in Figure 2 and so only the differences between the example in Figure 8a and that in Figure 2 will be described.
• the packet data gateway 16.5 and home agent 10.5 are arranged to establish a binding update tunnel 100 and a mobile internet protocol tunnel 102 as for the example shown in Figure 2.
• the mobile node MN is arranged to route internet packets to the home agent via the packet data gateway using either an update of a routing table or creating a tunnel. Otherwise the operations for performing the binding update and communicating received data packets 104 to the mobile node MN correspond to that explained in Figures 2 and 3 and supported by the other example embodiments in Figures 4, 5, 6 and 7 and so these would not be described further.
• FIG 8b illustrates an example in which the foreign agent FA is located in the packet data gateway PDG 16.6.
• the PDG-FA combination is located within a visited network VN and communication is effected using IPv4.
• IPv4 This is a simple scenario as packets do not have to be tunnelled between the foreign agent FA and the packet data gateway PDG in the visited network, and no tunnelling is required within the home network HN. All that is required, for both binding updates and packets arriving at the home agent HA destined for the mobile node MN, is for two tunnels to be established between the home agent HA and the PDG-FA 16.6.
• These tunnels are represented in Figure 8b in the same way as those shown in Figure 8a.
• FIG. 9 illustrates corresponding examples to those shown in Figures 2 to 8 for the mobile IPv4 case.
• the mobile IPv6 case corresponds to the examples for the mobile IPv4 except that for mobile IPv6 no foreign agent appears within the visiting network because the mobile node is arranged to create its own care of address.
• the mobile IPv6 case includes a procedure for route optimisation facilitated by a correspondent node binding update procedure.
• the mobile node which arrives in the visited network VN and generates a binding update packet 200 for communication to its home agent 10.6 which is shown within the home network HN.
• the binding update packet 200 includes a destination address of its home agent within the home network 200.1 (which may be the mobile node's own home address), a care of address CoA of the mobile node MN as the source address 200.2 and as part of an extension header field the home address of the mobile node 200.3 as well as a field indicating that the packet is a binding update 200.4.
• the mobile node MN is arranged to encapsulate the binding update packet 200 using a binding update tunnelling header 202, for communicating the binding update packet 200 via a tunnel 204.
• the binding update header 202 includes an address of the packet data gateway as the destination address 202.1 and the care of address of the mobile node as the source address 202.2.
• the packet data gateway 16.7 After receiving the binding update packet via the tunnel 204, the packet data gateway 16.7 forwards the recovered binding update packet 200 to the home agent 10.7 as represented by an arrow 206.
• the packet data gateway 16.7 can be adapted to forward the internet packets to the home agent 10.7 using either an adaptation of its routing table, or establishing a dedicated tunnel. It will therefore be appreciated that both of these examples are possible and so these have been represented genetically by the arrow 206.
• the home agent 10.7 has received the care of address CoA of the mobile node the internet packets can be forwarded to the mobile node within the visiting network by the home agent.
• an internet packet 208 is received by a correspondent node CN then this will be forwarded to the home agent because the packet would be addressed to the home address of the mobile node as the destination address 208.1.
• the source address will be the address of the corresponding node 208.2. Since the home agent 10.7 received the binding update packet from the packet data gateway 16.7, it will arrange for all internet packets which are addressed to the mobile node to be forwarded to the packet data gateway 16.7 and as with previous examples this can be done by either updating the routing table or by establishing a dedicated tunnel and so this is generally represented by an arrow 210.
• the home agent 10.7 having received the binding update packet 200 will update the relevant address for the mobile node as the care of address CoA so the data packet 208 will be forwarded to the packet data gateway for communicating to the mobile node.
• a mobile IP tunnel 212 data packet 208 is encapsulated using a mobile IP header 216 which has the care of address of the mobile node CoA as the destination address 216.1 and the address of the packet data gateway as the source address 216.2.
• the remainder of the payload 216.3 contains the internet data packet 208.
• the example illustrated in Figure 9 corresponds to the previous examples for mobile IPv4 with appropriate changes being made to reflect the difference between IPv4 and IPv6.
• a significant difference between the previous examples which is provided by the mobile IPv6 is a facility for route optimisation provided by the mobile node MN sending a correspondent node binding update to a correspondent node CN.
• a corresponding example for providing a correspondent node binding update to that shown in Figure 9 is shown in Figure 10.
• the mobile node MN when attached to the visiting network VN communicates a correspondent binding update packet 220 to the corresponding node CN.
• the correspondent binding update 220 has the address of the correspondent node CN as the destination address 220.1 with the care of address of the mobile node CoA as the source address 220.2 and included within a type 2 extension header field is provided the home address of the mobile node 220.3.
• a data field 220.4 provides an appropriate identifier that . the internet packet 220 is a correspondent binding update.
• the correspondent binding update is then tunnelled to the packet data gateway 16.7 by the mobile node MN due to the mobile node MN including a pre-set function which causes an internet protocol tunnel 204 to be set up between the mobile node MN and the packet data gateway 16.7 within the home network HN.
• the packet data gateway Upon receipt of the correspondent binding update 220 the packet data gateway
• 16.7 adapts the correspondent binding update to replace the care of address of the mobile node CoA with the address of the packet data gateway as a care of address to form an adapted correspondent binding update packet 224.
• the packet data gateway replaces the care of address of the mobile node CoA with its own address packet data gateway within the source address field 224.2 with the destination address field 224.1 identifying the address of the correspondent node CN.
• the packet data gateway 16.7 also builds a table which associates the home address of the mobile node HA which is provided within the type 2 extension header field 220.3 within the correspondent binding update packet 220.
• the home address of the mobile node HA is associated with the care of address of the mobile node CoA within a database table 226.
• the mobile nodes home address HA provided in the extension header field 220.3 serves to provide the packet data gateway 16.7 with an association between the home address HA and the care of address of the mobile node CoA.
• the packet data gateway 16.7 forces the correspondent note CN to route all packets which are to be communicated to the mobile node to go via the packet data gateway.
• the packet data gateway 16.7 complies with the mobile IPv6 standard in performing a route optimisation of the correspondent node in accordance with the correspondent node binding update procedure whilst still forcing all internet packets which are to be communicated to the mobile node within the visiting network to go via the packet data gateway 16.7.
• the correspondent node CN will use the address of the packet data gateway PDG as the destination address of an internet data packet 230 with the source address being 230.2 being that of the correspondent node CN.
• the packet data gateway receives the internet data packet 230 for communication to the mobile node, this packet is tunnelled via the mobile internet protocol tunnel 212 using a tunnelling header 232.
• the packet data gateway 16.7 replaces the destination address 230.1 with the care of address of the mobile node CoA to form an adapted internet data packet 232.
• the internet protocol data packet sent from the correspondent node CN includes the home address of the mobile node HA in the extension header field 230.3 in accordance with the mobile IPv6 standard.
• the packet data gateway 16.7 After receiving the internet protocol data packet, detects the home of address of the mobile node HA in the extension header field and uses the home address of the mobile node HA to retrieve the mobile nodes care of address CoA from the data base table 226.
• the packet data gateway 16.7 therefore forms the adapted internet data packet 232 by replacing its own address with the care of address of the mobile node in the destination address field 232.1.
• the adapted internet data packet can then be sent via the mobile IP tunnel 212 using the mobile IP header 232 to the mobile node at the mobile nodes care of address.
• the mobile internet protocol security tunnel 215 may also be established between the packet data gateway and the mobile node.
• Mobile IPv6 Packet Data Gateway in the Visiting Network may also be established between the packet data gateway and the mobile node.
• Figures 11 and 12 provide corresponding examples to those of Figures 9 and 10 but with the packet data gateway within the visiting network VN.
• the mobile node MN is adapted to communicate internet packets to and from a packet data gateway 16.8 within the visiting network VN.
• communication can be effected using either an adaptation of a routing table within the mobile node or establishing a dedicated tunnel for internet protocol packets.
• the mobile node sends a binding update to a home agent 10.8 within its home network HN providing the home agent 10.8 with a care of address CoA of the mobile node MN.
• the home agent 10.8 establishes static or dynamic tunnel from the home agent 10.8 to the packet data gateway 16.8.
• the received packets at the packet data gateway are then tunnelled to the mobile node MN.
• route optimisation can be performed to the effect that packets can be sent directly between the corespondent node and the mobile node MN.
• the packet data gateway 16.8 is arranged to replace the care of address CoA of the mobile node in the correspondent binding update packet with its own address so that the correspondent node always sends internet packets directed to the mobile node to the packet data gateway 16.8 instead.
• the packet data gateway is "spoofing" a binding update so that the corresponding node CN acts as if that the mobile node has a care of address CoA which is the address of the packet data gateway 16.8.
• the packet data gateway uses database table 250 to store an association between the care of address CoA of the mobile node and the home address of the mobile node HA which is provided within a type 2 extension header field of the correspondent binding update received from the mobile node.
• the packet data gateway 16.8 when the correspondent node communicates an internet data packet 252 to the mobile node it uses the address of the packet data gateway 16.8 as the destination address 252.1 because the correspondent node now acts as if the packet data gateway 16.8 is the address of the mobile node.
• the packet data gateway 16.8 By providing the home address of the mobile node in accordance with the mobile IPv6 standard in the type 2 extension header field 252.3, the packet data gateway 16.8 is able to identify the care of address of the mobile node CoA and replace its address PDG as a destination address with the care of address of the mobile node CoA to forward the internet packet 252 to the mobile node MN via the tunnel 246.

Priority Applications (1)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Related Child Applications (1)

Publications (2)

Family

ID=36010540

Family Applications (2)

Family Applications Before (1)

Country Status (6)

Families Citing this family (12)

Family Cites Families (22)

• 2006
  • 2006-01-18 GB GB0601026A patent/GB2434505B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2007
  • 2007-01-18 US US12/087,690 patent/US8570937B2/en active Active
  • 2007-01-18 AT AT07704922T patent/ATE532309T1/de active
  • 2007-01-18 EP EP11187166.1A patent/EP2421288A3/fr not_active Ceased
  • 2007-01-18 EP EP07704922A patent/EP1974524B1/fr active Active
  • 2007-01-18 CN CN200780009685.4A patent/CN101406022B/zh active Active
  • 2007-01-18 WO PCT/GB2007/000139 patent/WO2007083113A1/fr active Application Filing

Non-Patent Citations (1)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events