EP1970993B1 - RFID chip and antenna with improved range - Google Patents
RFID chip and antenna with improved range Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1970993B1 EP1970993B1 EP07251093.6A EP07251093A EP1970993B1 EP 1970993 B1 EP1970993 B1 EP 1970993B1 EP 07251093 A EP07251093 A EP 07251093A EP 1970993 B1 EP1970993 B1 EP 1970993B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- coil
- antenna
- substrate
- core
- rfid chip
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Not-in-force
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-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/2208—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles associated with components used in interrogation type services, i.e. in systems for information exchange between an interrogator/reader and a tag/transponder, e.g. in Radio Frequency Identification [RFID] systems
- H01Q1/2225—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles associated with components used in interrogation type services, i.e. in systems for information exchange between an interrogator/reader and a tag/transponder, e.g. in Radio Frequency Identification [RFID] systems used in active tags, i.e. provided with its own power source or in passive tags, i.e. deriving power from RF signal
Definitions
- ID tags fabricated according to the teachings of the invention enjoy the advantages afforded by "coil-on-a-chip” ID tags-principally, the elimination of the bonding step involving the antenna coil and the rfid chip, and the cost benefits of large volume batch processing-while offering an increased operating range, estimated to be a factor of ten greater than known "coil-on-a-chip” ID tags.
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- Near-Field Transmission Systems (AREA)
- Semiconductor Integrated Circuits (AREA)
Description
- This invention relates to the field of rfid (radio frequency identification) chip and antenna technology. More particularly, this invention relates to an rfid chip and antenna having an improved range of communication with an associated r.f. interrogation/reading device
- A typical rfid chip and antenna are usually both incorporated into an ID tag , such as that shown and described in
U.S. patent no. 6,154,137 issued November 28, 2000 . Generally, an ID tag has the antenna and the rfid chip mounted on or encapsulated in a thin substrate, such as a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate as disclosed inU.S patent no. 6,373,708 B1 issued April 16, 2002 - The antenna is usually a small loop antenna or a dipole antenna, and must be ohmically connected to the rfid chip. The usual loop antenna is a multi-turn planar ohmic conductor formed in any one of several known ways. One such technique is silver paste printing on a suitable substrate, such as the PET substrate noted above. Another known technique for forming a loop antenna is copper deposition on a substrate as practiced by RCD Technology Corporation of Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. The size of the coil (coil diameter and thickness) and the number of turns is determined by the requirements of a particular application, including constraints on the physical size of the ID tag. The function of the antenna is to provide electromagnetic transfer of information between the rfid chip and outside interrogation/reader devices, such as a host CPU, a user reading station, or the like; as well as to enable inductive transfer of electrical power from an outside device into the rfid chip to furnish electrical power to the active circuit elements within the rfid chip.
- Many types of commercially available rfid chips are known at present, each having the standard internal functional components commonly found in an rfid integrated circuit. Such standard components include an RF and analog section, a CPU, a ROM and an EEPROM (see 1999 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference publication 0-7803-5129-0/99, Figure 9.
1.1 : RFID transponder IC block diagram). The rfid chip receives electrical power via the antenna when interrogated by an outside device, and communicates with the outside device using standard protocols, such as the ISO 14443 protocol or the ISO15693 protocol. Prior to installation of an ID tag on an object, information identifying the object to be attached is written into the ROM (read-only memory) incorporated into the rfid chip. Once this information is written once into the ROM, it cannot be written over or otherwise altered by any interrogation device. The rfid chip can be interrogated by an outside interrogation/reader device and can only supply the information to the outside device-i.e, it cannot alter the information stored in the ROM. - ID tags of the type described above having an rfid chip and an antenna are very useful for object tracking and are currently used in a wide variety of such applications. Many more applications of this technology are theoretically possible, but practical implementations have been limited in the past by size and cost constraints. These constraints have been recently addressed by improved semiconductor batch processing techniques to the extent that very small rfid chips and antennae can now be produced at a cost substantially less than the cost of the individual objects to which they are intended to be attached. For example, Hitachi, LTD. of Tokyo, Japan introduced the mu series rfid chip and antenna in 2004, with a chip size of 0.4mm x 0.4 mm and a cost at least one-third less than the price of rfid chips then on the market. Other semiconductor manufacturers have followed suit with their own competitive offerings.
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Fig. 1 is a top plan view of a prior art ID tag 10 having anrfid chip 12 and a separatediscrete antenna 14, both of which elements are mounted on asubstrate 15. Therfid chip 12 is an integrated circuit containing the usual circuitry required for a functional rfid device, and is a separately fabricated device. These integrated circuit devices are typically manufactured using batch processing techniques which are well known to those skilled in the art. In general, multiple copies of the basic device design are built up on a large semiconductor wafer, after which the individual chips are separated from each other and combined with other discrete components. - For the
Fig. 1 ID tag 10, the other discrete component is theantenna 14, which enables therfid chip 12 circuitry to communicate with an outside interrogation device and also enables the electromagnetic transfer of energy into therfid chip 12 to power the electronic circuitry contained therein. Since the useful operating range of an rf antenna is a direct function of coil area,antenna 14 is ideally a multi-turn coil subtending a much larger area thanrfid chip 12 in order to provide as large an effective operating range as possible.Antenna 14 is typically either a separately formed discrete coil which is then adhered tosubstrate 15, or a metallic layer deposited directly onsubstrate 15 during formation of the coil. - The ID tag 10 of
Fig. 1 is typically constructed by first fabricating therfid chip 12 andantenna 14 as separate components,mounting components substrate 15, and electrically connectingantenna 14 to rfidchip 12. For this purpose,rfid chip 12 is fabricated with twoohmic connection pads free ends antenna 14 are bonded. - While the process of constructing ID tag 10 appears simple and straightforward, in practice the process is actually quite difficult to perform with a high degree of repeatable accuracy. This difficulty is primarily due to the small dimensions of the connection pads on the rfid chip; the requirement that the
free ends antenna 14 be precisely positioned overpads Fig. 1 is: rfid chip 12: 1/3rd; antenna 14: 1/3rd; assembly: 1/3rd. As the physical size of the rfid chip is reduced, these difficulties in assembling a properly functioning ID tag, and the assembly cost, increase accordingly. -
Fig. 2 illustrates one recent approach made in the art to eliminate the difficulties in assembling an ID tag having separate rfid chip and antenna components. As seen in this Fig., anID tag 20 is fabricated with an integrally formedrfid chip 22 andantenna 24 on asubstrate 25. Because theantenna 24 is formed along with therfid chip 22 during the chip fabrication process, an ohmic connection is automatically created between therfid chip 22 and the free ends ofantenna 24. This "coil-on-a-chip" approach eliminates the costly bonding step and the difficulties associated therewith. - While the "coil-on-a-chip" solution does eliminate the problems associated with bonding of discrete components in the ID tag assembly process, it introduces a severe limitation on the effective operating range of an ID tag fabricated according to this technique. Since the "coil-on-a-chip" ID tags are fabricated using integrated circuit batch processing techniques, the size of the antenna is extremely limited to the size of the dies produced. For example, the published operating range of one commercially available "coil-on-a-chip" ID tag is limited to a maximum distance of 3.0mm. While this may be adequate for some specialized applications, such a small operating range is unsuitable for the majority of applications currently envisioned for I D tags.
- One attempt to extend the operating range of a "coil-on-a-chip" ID tag is disclosed in
U.S. Patent No. 6,268,796 issued on July 31, 2001 for "Radio Frequency Identification Transponder Having Integrated Antenna". - According to the teachings of this reference, an antenna is formed on a chip which is mounted above or below the rfid chip. The antenna has a number of coil turns which together constitute a helical coil whose axis is parallel to the major body plane of the rfid chip. To increase the inductance of the antenna coil, and thus the operating range of the ID tag, a high magnetic permeability layer is formed on the antenna chip. While this configuration does increase the operating range of a "coil-on-a-chip" ID tag, it requires several additional processing steps, which increase the fabrication cost and potentially affect the yield, and only provides an antenna with a relatively small area.
- Thus, current "coil-on-a-chip" RFID tags still suffer from the severe disadvantage of a limited effective operating range with the associated interrogation/reader device.
- Von Arx et al.: "On-chip coils with integrated cores for remote inductive powering of integrated microsystems"; Digest of technical papers; 1997 International conference on solid-state sensors and actuators; Chicago, 16-19 June 1997; pp. 999-1002 discusses a number of designs of on-chip planar spiral receiver coils with integrated NiFe cores. Design C, a non-preferred alternative, shows a coil with a NiFe core confined to the centre of the windings.
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JP-A-2002/271,127 - The invention comprises a method and system for providing a "coil-on-a-chip" RFID tag with an increased operating range over known ID tags of comparable dimensions.
- From an apparatus aspect, there is provided an RFID tag as set out in claim 1.
- In the preferred embodiment, the coil has an essentially helical configuration with at least two layers, the angle is substantially ninety degrees, and the core has an annular shape.
- From a process aspect, there is provided a method of preparing an RFID tag as set out in claim 5.
- The steps of (b) forming and (c) providing are performed contemporaneously. The step (b) of forming preferably includes the step of forming the coil with an axis of revolution distending an angle of substantially ninety degrees with respect to the major body plane of the rfid integrated circuit. The core is formed as an annulus.
- The invention affords all of the advantages of a "coil-on-a-chip" ID tag but provides a much greater operating range than known devices. This increased operating range is estimated to be a factor of ten greater than known "coil-on-a-chip" ID tags.
- For a fuller understanding of the nature and advantages of the invention, reference should be made to the ensuing detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
-
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FIG. 1 is a plan view of a prior art ID tag having an rfid chip and a separate antenna; -
FIG. 2 is a plan view of a prior art ID tag having an rfid chip and an integrally formed antenna; -
FIG. 3 . is a plan view of an ID tag having an rfid chip and an integrally formed antenna according to the invention; and -
FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line 4-4ofFig. 3 illustrating the multiple layer, multi-turn antenna coil. - Turning now to the drawings,
Fig. 3 is a top plan view of a preferred embodiment of the invention, andFig. 4 is a sectional view taken along lines 4-4 ofFig. 3 illustrating the multiple coil turns and multiple coil layers, and the magnetically permeable layer of the antenna of the preferred embodiment. As seen in these Figs., anRFID tag 30 comprises anrfid chip 32 and a multiple layer, multipleturn antenna coil 34 having a centrally locatedthin film core 36 fabricated from a material having relatively high magnetic permeability.Rfid chip 32,coil 34, andcore 36 are all carried bysubstrate 37.Rfid chip 32 has a major body plane, defined as the plane parallel to the major support surface ofsubstrate 37. Multiple layer, multiple turnantennal coil 34 has a central axis ofrevolution 38 which is oriented at an acute angle, preferably about 90 degrees, with respect to the major body plane ofrfid chip 32. - As best seen in
Fig. 4 ,thin film core 36 is formed as an annulus which extends upwardly from the top surface ofsubstrate 37 to the upper surface ofcoil 34 in the region interior to the layers and turns ofcoil 34.Thin film core 36 may be formed from any one of a number of known materials possessing the property of relatively high magnetic permeability. One such material is a nickel-iron alloy composed of 81 % nickel, 19 % iron. Other suitable material s will occur to those skilled in the art. The purpose ofcore 36 is to increase the Q factor ofcoil 34, and thus the operating range ofID tag 30. - The operating range of
ID tag 30 is also improved by the provision of multiple layers and multiple turns forcoil 34, as well as the spatial orientation ofcoil 34 in a direction in which the axis of revolution ofcoil 34 is arranged at an acute angle, shown as essentially ninety degrees, with respect to the major body plane ofrfid chip 32. -
ID tag 30 is fabricated using the known techniques for manufacturing a "coil-on-a-chip" ID tag. Thus, the several layers of therfid chip 32, multiple layer,multiple turn coil 34, andcore 36 are contemporaneously created using known deposition, masking, doping and etching techniques. - ID tags fabricated according to the teachings of the invention enjoy the advantages afforded by "coil-on-a-chip" ID tags-principally, the elimination of the bonding step involving the antenna coil and the rfid chip, and the cost benefits of large volume batch processing-while offering an increased operating range, estimated to be a factor of ten greater than known "coil-on-a-chip" ID tags.
- While the invention has been described with reference to a particular preferred implementation, various modifications, alternate constructions and equivalents may be employed without departing from the spirit of the invention. For example, while
coil 34 has been illustrated and described as a coil having two layers of multiple turns, it is envisioned that multiple turn coils having three or more layers can readily be implemented, as desired. Further, as noted above,core 36 may be fabricated from other materials than the particular material described. Therefore, the above should not be construed as limiting the invention, which is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
- An RFID tag (30) comprising:a substrate (37) having an upper surface;an rfid chip (32)/antenna combination integrally formed on said upper surface of said substrate,said antenna comprising a coil (34) defining a central opening enveloping an axis of revolution (38) arranged at an acute angle with respect to said upper surface of said substrate; anda core (36) of magnetically permeable material positioned within said central opening of said coil,characterised in that the coil (34) comprises a plurality of layers of electrically conductive turns defining the central opening, each layer having a plurality of electrically conductive turns, and the core (36) of magnetically permeable material is a thin film core, formed as an annulus, which extends away from said upper surface of said substrate (37) within said central opening towards the uppermost one of said plurality of layers of said coil.
- The invention of claim 1 wherein said angle is substantially ninety degrees.
- The invention of claim 1 wherein said coil (34) has an essentially helical configuration.
- The invention of any preceding claim wherein said core (36) extends upwardly to an upper surface of the coil.
- A method of preparing an RFID tag (30) comprising the steps of:(a) providing a substrate (37) having an upper surface;(b) forming contemporaneously an rfid integrated circuit (32) and an antenna coil (34) on said upper surface of said substrate, said coil having a central opening with an axis of revolution (38) subtending an acute angle with respect to the upper surface of said substrate; and(c) providing a core (36) of magnetically permeable material positioned within said central opening of said coil,
characterised in that the coil is formed as a multi-turn multiple-layer coil (34), each layer having a plurality of electrically conductive turns, and the core (36) of magnetically permeable material is a thin film core, formed as an annulus, which extends away from said upper surface of said substrate (37) within said central opening towards the uppermost one of said plurality of layers of said coil. - The method of claim 5 wherein said steps of (b) forming and (c) providing are performed contemporaneously.
- The method of claim 5 wherein said step (b) of forming includes the step of forming the coil (34) with an axis of revolution (38) subtending an angle of substantially ninety degrees with respect to the upper surface of said substrate (37).
- The method of any of claims 5 to 7 wherein said core (36) extends upwardly to an upper surface of the coil.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP07251093.6A EP1970993B1 (en) | 2007-03-15 | 2007-03-15 | RFID chip and antenna with improved range |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP07251093.6A EP1970993B1 (en) | 2007-03-15 | 2007-03-15 | RFID chip and antenna with improved range |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1970993A1 EP1970993A1 (en) | 2008-09-17 |
EP1970993B1 true EP1970993B1 (en) | 2016-02-17 |
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ID=38461935
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP07251093.6A Not-in-force EP1970993B1 (en) | 2007-03-15 | 2007-03-15 | RFID chip and antenna with improved range |
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EP (1) | EP1970993B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR101395256B1 (en) * | 2010-07-23 | 2014-05-16 | 한국전자통신연구원 | Wireless energy transfer apparatus and making method therefor |
US9866066B2 (en) | 2010-11-24 | 2018-01-09 | University Of Florida Research Foundation, Incorporated | Wireless power transfer via electrodynamic coupling |
US20160013559A1 (en) * | 2014-04-08 | 2016-01-14 | Transponder Concepts Llc | Bridgeless antenna, and method of manufacture |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5072324A (en) * | 1990-01-11 | 1991-12-10 | Magnex Corporation | Thin film transducer/transformer assembly |
JP4168597B2 (en) * | 2001-03-13 | 2008-10-22 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | Transponder antenna |
WO2003030300A1 (en) * | 2001-09-28 | 2003-04-10 | Mitsubishi Materials Corporation | Antenna coil and rfid-use tag using it, transponder-use antenna |
EP1910872B1 (en) * | 2005-07-28 | 2011-06-29 | Tagsys SAS | Rfid tag containing two tuned circuits |
-
2007
- 2007-03-15 EP EP07251093.6A patent/EP1970993B1/en not_active Not-in-force
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EP1970993A1 (en) | 2008-09-17 |
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