Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C11D3/2003—Alcohols; Phenols
  • C11D3/2006—Monohydric alcohols
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/04—Carboxylic acids or salts thereof
  • C11D1/08—Polycarboxylic acids containing no nitrogen or sulfur
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
  • C11D1/14—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aliphatic hydrocarbons or mono-alcohols
  • C11D1/146—Sulfuric acid esters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
  • C11D1/29—Sulfates of polyoxyalkylene ethers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
  • C11D1/667—Neutral esters, e.g. sorbitan esters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/0005—Other compounding ingredients characterised by their effect
  • C11D3/0094—High foaming compositions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C11D3/2003—Alcohols; Phenols
  • C11D3/2006—Monohydric alcohols
  • C11D3/201—Monohydric alcohols linear
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C11D3/2003—Alcohols; Phenols
  • C11D3/2006—Monohydric alcohols
  • C11D3/2027—Monohydric alcohols unsaturated
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C11D3/2003—Alcohols; Phenols
  • C11D3/2006—Monohydric alcohols
  • C11D3/2027—Monohydric alcohols unsaturated
  • C11D3/2031—Monohydric alcohols unsaturated fatty or with at least 8 carbon atoms in the alkenyl chain
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C11D3/22—Carbohydrates or derivatives thereof
  • C11D3/222—Natural or synthetic polysaccharides, e.g. cellulose, starch, gum, alginic acid or cyclodextrin
  • C11D3/227—Natural or synthetic polysaccharides, e.g. cellulose, starch, gum, alginic acid or cyclodextrin with nitrogen-containing groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/37—Polymers
  • C11D3/3703—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C11D3/3723—Polyamines or polyalkyleneimines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/37—Polymers
  • C11D3/3746—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C11D3/3769—(Co)polymerised monomers containing nitrogen, e.g. carbonamides, nitriles or amines
  • C11D3/3773—(Co)polymerised monomers containing nitrogen, e.g. carbonamides, nitriles or amines in liquid compositions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/37—Polymers
  • C11D3/3746—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C11D3/3769—(Co)polymerised monomers containing nitrogen, e.g. carbonamides, nitriles or amines
  • C11D3/3776—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. lactam
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/38—Products with no well-defined composition, e.g. natural products
  • C11D3/382—Vegetable products, e.g. soya meal, wood flour, sawdust
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/38—Products with no well-defined composition, e.g. natural products
  • C11D3/384—Animal products
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C11D3/2003—Alcohols; Phenols
  • C11D3/2006—Monohydric alcohols
  • C11D3/201—Monohydric alcohols linear
  • C11D3/2013—Monohydric alcohols linear fatty or with at least 8 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C11D3/2003—Alcohols; Phenols
  • C11D3/2006—Monohydric alcohols
  • C11D3/2017—Monohydric alcohols branched
  • C11D3/202—Monohydric alcohols branched fatty or with at least 8 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain

Definitions

• This invention relates to foamable alcoholic compositions, and more particularly, to foamable alcoholic compositions that include a foaming surfactant selected from gemini surfactants, sulfuric acid esters, di-esters, C 10-34 fatty alcohols, polyquatemium polymers, and combinations thereof.
• a foaming surfactant selected from gemini surfactants, sulfuric acid esters, di-esters, C 10-34 fatty alcohols, polyquatemium polymers, and combinations thereof.
• Foam cleaning products are popular, in part because they are easier to spread on surfaces. Consumers seem to prefer the luxury of foamed soap products. Less foam is needed to produce the same cleaning power as liquids or gels, due at least partly to the higher surface area of the foam. Properly formulated foam products do not produce the drip and splash that is experienced with traditional gelled or liquid products, because the formulation is not dispensed in a liquid state. This prevents damage to the floors and walls of facilities where the product dispensers are used. Manufacturing of foam products may be easier than gelled products, which often incorporate powdered thickeners that are difficult to handle.
• Aqueous foam cleaning products have been described, for example, a foam cleaning composition containing a surfactant, a foam-boosting solvent such as a glycol, and at least 80 percent by weight (wt. %) water.
• Alcoholic products are popular as sanitizers for the skin.
• foaming products based upon alcoholic compositions are problematic, because alcohol is known to have strong defoaming properties.
• aerosol-based alcoholic foams are available, these aerosol products are generally more expensive to manufacture than non-aerosol foams.
• a skin disinfecting formulation has been described that comprises: (a) an alcohol in an amount from about 50 to about 80 weight percent of the total composition; (b) from about 0.02 wt. % to about 5 wt. % of a block copolymer; (c) from about 5 wt. % to about 25 wt. % of a foaming surfactant; (d) from about 0 wt. % to about 3 wt. % of a thickening agent; (e) from about 1 wt. % to about 5 wt. % of an emulsifier; (f) from about 0wt. % to about 5wt. % of a preservative; (g) from about 1 wt.
• % to about 10 wt. % of a cleaning agent (h) from about 0.5 wt. % to about 5 wt. % of a polyalkylene glycol; (i) from about 0.05 wt. % to about 5 wt. % of a moisturizer and/or emollient; and (j) from about 6 wt. % to about 30 wt. % of water.
• foaming surfactants that are taught are ammonium fatty sulfo succinate, cocamide DEA, alkanolamides such as cocodiethanolamide, amine oxides such as cetyldimethyl amine oxide and amphoterics such as isostearoamphoropionate and lauramidopropyl betaine surfactant.
• non-aerosol alcoholic foams have been formulated with specific perfluoroalkyl phosphate surfactants and dispensed from a foaming pump mechanism. But the foam thus produced is fleeting, and will immediately begin to deflate or liquefy into a water-thin liquid.
• Foams have been formulated with silicone surfactants, however these formulations may not be suitable for all applications. Silicone-containing formulations may be very substantive to surfaces, and can interfere with subsequent surface treatment. Thus, there is a need for widely-applicable foamable alcoholic compositions.
• One or more embodiments of this invention provide a foamable composition comprising at least about 40 weight percent alcohol, based upon the total weight of the alcoholic composition; and a foaming surfactant selected from the group consisting of gemini surfactants, sulfuric acid esters, di-esters, C 10-34 fatty alcohols, polyquatemium polymers, and combinations thereof, with the proviso that where the foaming surfactant comprises an anionic di-ester, the foamable composition further comprises a fatty alcohol or a foam booster.
• One or more embodiments of this invention further provide an antimicrobial composition
• an antimicrobial composition comprising at least about 50 weight percent alcohol, based upon the total weight of the alcoholic composition; from about 0.05 to about 4 wt. % of a surfactant selected from the group consisting of gemini surfactants, sulfuric acid esters, di-esters, C 10-34 fatty alcohols, polyquatemium polymers, and combinations thereof; and from about 0.005 to about 4 wt. % of a foam booster selected from the group consisting of PVP/VA copolymers, P/VA copolymers, collagen amino acids, soluble elastin, and sodium cocoyl hydrolyzed amaranth protein.
• a surfactant selected from the group consisting of gemini surfactants, sulfuric acid esters, di-esters, C 10-34 fatty alcohols, polyquatemium polymers, and combinations thereof
• a foam booster selected from the group consisting of PVP/VA copolymers, P/VA copolymers
• One or more embodiments of this invention still further provide a method for forming alcoholic foam, the method comprising combining an alcohol, a foaming surfactant selected from the group consisting of gemini surfactants, sulfuric acid esters, di-esters, C 10-34 fatty alcohols, polyquatemium polymers, and combinations thereof, to form a foamable alcoholic composition, with the proviso that where the foaming surfactant comprises an anionic di-ester, the foamable composition further comprises a fatty alcohol or a foam booster; mixing said alcoholic composition and air or an inert gas in a mixing chamber to form a mixture; and passing said mixture through a mesh screen to form a foam, wherein said foamable alcoholic composition comprises at least about 40 percent by weight alcohol, based upon the total weight of the alcoholic composition.
• a foaming surfactant selected from the group consisting of gemini surfactants, sulfuric acid esters, di-esters, C 10-34 fatty alcohols, polyquatemium polymers, and combinations thereof.
• Foamable alcoholic compositions in accordance with this invention include at least one alcohol and at least one foaming surfactant.
• the alcohol is a lower alkanol, i.e. an alcohol containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Typically, these alcohols have antimicrobial properties. Examples of lower alkanols include, but are not limited to, methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, isobutanol, tertiary butanol, and mixtures thereof.
• the alcohol comprises ethanol.
• the alcoholic composition comprises an amount of alcohol of at least about 40 weight percent (wt. %), based upon the total weight of the alcoholic composition. In one embodiment, the alcoholic composition comprises at least about 45 weight percent alcohol, in another embodiment, the alcoholic composition comprises at least about 50 weight percent alcohol, and in yet another embodiment, the alcoholic composition comprises at least about 60 weight percent alcohol, based upon the total weight of alcoholic composition. More or less alcohol may be required in certain instances, depending particularly on other ingredients and/or the amounts thereof employed in the composition.
• the alcoholic composition comprises from about 40 weight percent to about 98 weight percent alcohol, in other embodiments, the alcoholic composition comprises from about 45 weight percent to about 95 weight percent of alcohol, in yet other embodiments, the alcoholic composition comprises from about 50 weight percent to about 90 weight percent of alcohol, and in still other embodiments, the alcoholic composition comprises from about 60 weight percent to about 80 weight percent of alcohol, based upon the total weight of the alcoholic composition.
• the foamable composition may include a mixture of C 1-9 alkanols.
• the foamable composition includes a mixture of one or more C 1-4 alkanols and one or more C 5-9 alkanols.
• the mixture may include primary, secondary, or tertiary alcohols.
• the foaming surfactant contributes foaming properties to the alcoholic composition, and may include gemini surfactants (also called dimeric surfactants), sulfuric acid esters, di-esters, fatty alcohols, polyquatemium polymers, or combinations thereof.
• gemini surfactants also called dimeric surfactants
• sulfuric acid esters also called dimeric surfactants
• di-esters sulfuric acid esters
• fatty alcohols fatty alcohols
• polyquatemium polymers or combinations thereof.
• the foaming surfactant includes a gemini surfactant.
• gemini surfactants In contrast to simple surfactants, which usually consist of a single hydrophilic head and one or two hydrophobic tails, gemini surfactants have two or more head groups and two or more tails.
• a gemini surfactant in general, includes at least two hydrophobic chains, at least two ionic or polar groups, and a spacer.
• the gemini structure may be symmetrical (i.e. the tails are identical and the heads are identical) or unsymmetrical.
• the gemini surfactant includes three or four tails.
• polar groups include polyethers and sugars.
• ionic groups include positive and negative ions. Specific examples of ionic groups include ammonium, phosphate, sulphate, and carboxylate.
• the head includes one or more sulphate groups.
• spacers include polar and nonpolar groups. Specific examples of spacer groups include amides, short or long methylene groups, stilbene, polyether, aliphatic, and aromatic groups. In one or more embodiments, the spacer includes a hydrocarbon chain methylene group.
• gemini surfactants may be represented by the general schematic
• Gemini surfactants may be selected for use in the present invention based upon one or more characteristics, such as tail length, degree of branching, ionic nature of the head group, counterion type, number of heads (i.e. dimer, trimer, tetramer, and the like), spacer solubility (i.e. hydrophobic or hydrophilic), spacer length, and the molecular rigidity of the spacer.
• characteristics such as tail length, degree of branching, ionic nature of the head group, counterion type, number of heads (i.e. dimer, trimer, tetramer, and the like), spacer solubility (i.e. hydrophobic or hydrophilic), spacer length, and the molecular rigidity of the spacer.
• the gemini surfactant further includes an ionic or polar group at the unbound end of each tail.
• ionic or polar groups may be referred to as terminal ionic or terminal polar groups.
• suitable terminal ionic groups include ammonium, phosphate, sulphate, and carboxylate groups.
• the gemini surfactant may be represented by the formula where each R is independently a lipophilic chain, and m and n are independently an integer from 1 to about 500.
• lipophilic chains include organic groups having from about 2 to about 26 carbon atoms.
• the gemini surfactant includes disodium ethylene dicocamide PEG-15 disulfate.
• the gemini surfactant may be represented by the formula where each R 1 independently includes a siloxane group or a fluorinated organic group, and m and n are independently an integer from 1 to about 500.
• R 1 includes -(Si-O) x Si(CH 2 ) 3 or -(CF 2 ) z CH 3 , where x is an integer from 1 to about 26 and z is an integer from 1 to about 26.
• Gemini surfactants are further described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,710,022 , which is incorporated herein by reference.
• the foaming surfactant includes a sulfuric acid ester.
• sulfuric acid esters include a sulphate group that may be represented by the formula
• the sulfuric acid ester includes a sulfuric acid ester of a polyether, glycol, or polyol. In one embodiment, the sulfuric acid ester includes a sulfuric acid ester of a fatty alcohol, and may be prepared by reacting a fatty alcohol with chlorosulfonic acid or sulfur trioxide.
• the sulfuric acid ester may be selected for advantageous properties based upon the fatty alcohol chain length.
• the foaming surfactant includes a salt of a sulfuric acid ester with sodium, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, or ammonia.
• Examples include dimethicone PEG-7 sulfate, sodium PEG-4 cocamide sulfate, sodium PEG-4 lauramide sulfate, sodium cocomonoglyceride sulfate, sodium stearoyl chondroitin sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate, sulfated glyceryl oleate, and combinations thereof.
• the foaming surfactant includes sodium lauryl sulfate.
• the foaming surfactant includes a diester, i.e. contains two or more ester groups. In certain embodiments, the foaming surfactant includes a long chain fatty acid di-ester. In one embodiment, the diester is an anionic diester.
• anionic diesters include, sodium stearoyl lactylate, sodium behenoyl lactylate, sodium oleoyl lactylate, sodium cocoyl lactylate, sodium caproyl lactylate, lauroyl lactylic acid, myristoyl lactylic acid, or combinations thereof. Additional examples include triethanolamine salts, diethanolamine salts, potassium salts, calcium salts, or ammonium salts of stearoyl lactylate, behenoyl lactylate, oleoyl lactylate, cocoyl lactylate, caproyl lactylate, lauroyl lactylic acid, myristoyl lactylic acid, or combinations thereof.
• the foamable composition contains less than about 0.1 wt. % of a fluorosurfactant or siloxane surfactant, based upon the total weight of the foamable composition. In other embodiments, where the foaming surfactant includes an anionic diester, the foamable composition contains less than about 0.01 wt. % of a fluorosurfactant or siloxane surfactant. In yet other embodiments, where the foaming surfactant includes an anionic diester; the foamable composition contains less than about 0.005 wt. % of a fluorosurfactant or siloxane surfactant. In certain embodiments, where the foaming surfactant includes an anionic diester, the foamable composition is devoid of a fluorosurfactant or siloxane surfactant.
• the foamable composition further includes a fatty alcohol as described hereinbelow. In certain embodiments where the foaming surfactant includes an anionic di-ester, the foamable composition further includes one or more foam boosters as described hereinbelow.
• a fatty alcohol may be employed to contribute foaming properties to the alcoholic composition.
• the fatty alcohol contains from about 10 to about 34 carbon atoms.
• the fatty alcohol may be linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated. Combinations of two or more fatty alcohols may be employed.
• fatty alcohols include, but are not limited to, capric alcohol, lauric alcohol, auroleic alcohol, myristic alcohol, myristoleic alcohol, palmitic alcohol, pamitoleic alcohol, stearic alcohol, oleic alcohol, linoleic alcohol, linolenic alcohol, arachidic alcohol, gadoleic alcohol, behenic alcohol, erucic alcohol, clupanodinic alcohol, lignoceric alcohol, cerotic alcohol, montanic alcohol, myricic alcohol, lacceroic alcohol, and geddic alcohol.
• the fatty alcohol contains from about 12 to about 28 carbon atoms, and in other embodiments, from about 12 to about 22 carbon atoms.
• the fatty alcohol includes lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, or behenic alcohol, or a combination thereof.
• Lauric alcohol is sometimes referred to as n-dodecanol, 1-dodecanol, dedecyl alcohol, or lauryl alcohol.
• Myristic alcohol is sometimes referred to as 1-tetradecanol or myristyl alcohol.
• Palmitic alcohol is sometimes referred to as 1-hexadecanol, cetyl alcohol, or palmityl alcohol.
• Stearic alcohol is sometimes referred to as 1-octadecanol, octadecyl alcohol, or stearyl alcohol.
• Behenic alcohol is sometimes referred to as 1-docosanol or behenyl alcohol.
• the amount of foaming surfactant is not particularly limited, so long as an effective amount to produce foaming is present. In certain embodiments, the effective amount to produce foaming may vary, depending upon the amount of alcohol and other ingredients that are present.
• the alcoholic composition includes at least about 0.05 wt. % of foaming surfactant, based upon the total weight of the alcoholic composition. In another embodiment, the alcoholic composition includes at least about 0.06 wt. % of foaming surfactant, based upon the total weight of the alcoholic composition. In yet another embodiment, the alcoholic composition includes at least about 0.07 wt. % of foaming surfactant, based upon the total weight of the alcoholic composition.
• the foaming surfactant is present in an amount of from about 0.05 to about 40 weight percent, based upon the total weight of the alcoholic composition. In another embodiment, the foaming surfactant is present in an amount of from about 0.1 to about 30 weight percent, in other embodiments, from about 0.5 to about 10 weight percent, and in yet other embodiments, from about 1 to about 5 weight percent, based upon the total weight of the alcoholic composition. It is envisioned that higher amounts may also be effective to produce foam. All such weights as they pertain to listed ingredients are based on the active level and therefore do not include carriers or by-products that may be included in commercially available materials, unless otherwise specified.
• the effective amount of fatty alcohol to produce foaming is at least about 0.001 weight percent of fatty alcohol, based upon the total weight of the alcoholic composition.
• the alcoholic composition includes at least about 0.005 weight percent of fatty alcohol, based upon the total weight of the alcoholic composition.
• the alcoholic composition includes at least about 0.01 weight percent of fatty alcohol, based upon the total weight of the alcoholic composition.
• the alcoholic composition includes at least about 0.02 weight percent of fatty alcohol, based upon the total weight of the alcoholic composition.
• the fatty alcohol is present in an amount of from about 0.001 to about 10 weight percent, and in another embodiment, from about 0.002 to about 5 weight percent, based upon the total weight of the alcoholic composition. In another embodiment, the fatty alcohol is present in an amount of from about 0.01 to about 4 weight percent, based upon the total weight of the alcoholic composition. It is envisioned that higher amounts may also be effective to produce foam.
• the foaming alcoholic composition of the present invention includes a cleansing or sanitizing product that is applied to a surface and then rinsed off
• higher amounts of foaming surfactant may be employed.
• the amount of foaming surfactant is present in amounts up to about 40 wt. %, based upon the total weight of the composition.
• the foamable composition includes a combination of two or more foaming surfactants.
• the foamable composition includes a fatty alcohol as described herein and an anionic di-ester.
• the foamable composition includes a gemini surfactant and a sulfuric acid ester.
• the foamable composition includes a gemini surfactant, a sulfuric acid ester, and an anionic di-ester.
• the foamable composition includes a gemini surfactant and a di-ester.
• the amount of gemini surfactant relative to the di-ester is from about 0.6:1 to about 1.7:1 on a weight percent basis.
• the foaming surfactant is added directly to the alcoholic composition.
• the foaming surfactant is added to the alcoholic composition as a solution or emulsion.
• the foaming surfactant may be premixed with a carrier to form a foaming surfactant solution or emulsion, with the proviso that the carrier does not deleteriously affect the foaming properties of the alcoholic composition.
• Examples of carriers include water, alcohol, glycols such as propylene or ethylene glycol, ketones, linear and/or cyclic hydrocarbons, triglycerides, carbonates, silicones, alkenes, esters such as acetates, benzoates, fatty esters, glyceryl esters, ethers, amides, polyethylene glycols and PEG/PPG copolymers, inorganic salt solutions such as saline, and mixtures thereof.
• carriers include water, alcohol, glycols such as propylene or ethylene glycol, ketones, linear and/or cyclic hydrocarbons, triglycerides, carbonates, silicones, alkenes, esters such as acetates, benzoates, fatty esters, glyceryl esters, ethers, amides, polyethylene glycols and PEG/PPG copolymers, inorganic salt solutions such as saline, and mixtures thereof.
• the amount of solution or emulsion that is added to the alcoholic composition may be selected so that the amount of foaming surfactant falls within the ranges set forth hereinabove.
• Foaming surfactant mixtures, solutions or emulsions are commercially available, for example under the trade names Ceralution®, from Sasol, Biobase from Tri-K Industries, Inc., and Ritamulse and Ritafactant from RITA Corporation.
• the alcoholic composition of the present invention further includes at least one foam booster.
• the foam booster may be selected from polymeric or oligomeric foam boosters.
• the foam booster may be polymeric or non-polymeric.
• the foam booster comprises a cationic oligomer or polymer.
• Polymeric foam boosters include polyquaternium polymers.
• a polyquatemium polymer is one that is designated as such by the CTFA.
• Polyquaternium polymers may be characterized by containing a quaternary ammonium group.
• Non-limiting examples of polyquaterniums include those listed in Table 1, below, including the INCI name and technical name.
• Polymeric quaternary ammonium salt consisting of Castor Isostearate Succinate (q.v.) and Ricinoleamidopropyltrimonium Chloride (q.v.) monomers -58 2-Propenoic Acid, Methyl Ester, Polymer with 2,2-Bis[(2-Propenyloxy)Methyl]-1-Butanol and Diethenylbenzene, Reaction Products with N,N-Dimethyl-1,3-Propanediamine, Chloromethane-Quaternized -59 Polyquaternium polyester -60 9-Octadecenoic Acid, 12-Hydroxy-, [(2-Hydroxyethyl)Imino]Di-2,1-Ethanediyl Ester, Polymer with 5-Isocyanato-1-(Isocyanatomethyl)-1,3,3-Trimethylcyclohexane, Compd.
• the polyquaternium polymer includes a quaternized copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone and dimethylamino methacrylate, a hydrophobically modified quaternized copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone & dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide, or a mixture thereof.
• the polyquaternium polymer has a molecular weight of from 1,000 to 5,000,000, in another embodiment, from about 1500 to about 2,500,000 and in yet another embodiment, from about 1,000,000 to about 2,000,000.
• the polyquaternium polymer may impart foamability to the alcoholic composition in the absence of other foaming surfactant. That is, in one or more embodiments, the polyquaternium polymer may act as a foaming surfactant or as a foam booster. In other embodiments, the polyquaternium polymer may be used in combination with one or more other foaming surfactants. In these or other embodiments, the polyquaternium polymer may include polyquaternium-11, polyquaternium-37, or combinations thereof.
• the polyquaternium polymer may be present in an amount of from about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent active, based upon the total weight of the alcoholic composition. In another embodiment, the polyquatemium polymer is present in an amount of from about 0.4 to about 4.5 weight percent, based upon the total weight of the alcoholic composition, and in yet another embodiment, the polyquatemium polymer is present in an amount of from about 0.5 to about 4 weight percent, based upon the total weight of the alcoholic composition. In other embodiments where the polyquaternium polymer operates as a foam booster, the polyquaternium polymer may be present in an amount suitable for foam booster, as described hereinbelow.
• foam boosters that may operate to improve foam quality and/or stability include terpolymers of vinylcaprolactam (VCL), vinylpyrrolidone (VP) and dialkylaminoalkyl acrylate, including a VP/vinyleaprolactam/dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide copolymer.
• foam booster includes isobutylene/dimethylaminopropyl maleimide/ethoxylated maleimide/maleic acid copolymer. These and other foam boosters are sometimes referred to as film-forming polymers.
• Still other foam boosters include acrylamide/ammonium acrylate copolymer, acrylamides/DMAPA acrylates/methoxy PEG methacrylate copolymer, acrylamide/sodium acryloyldimethyltaurate/acrylic acid copolymer, acrylamidopropyltrimonium chloride/acrylamide copolymer, acrylamidopropyltrimonium chloride/acrylates copolymer, acrylates/acetoacetoxyethyl methacrylate copolymer, acrylates/acrylamide copolymer, acrylates/ammonium methacrylate copolymer, acrylates/t-butylacrylamide copolymer, acrylates copolymer, acrylates/C1-2 succinates/hydroxyacrylates copolymer, acrylates/ethylamine oxide methacrylate copolymer, acrylates/lauryl acrylate/stearyl acrylate/ethylamine oxide methacrylate cop
• the foam booster includes a VP/vinylcaprolactam/dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide copolymer sold under the trade names Aquaflex SF-40, or an isobutylene/dimethylaminopropyl maleimide/ethoxylated maleimide/maleic acid copolymer sold under the trade name Aquaflex XL-30.
• the foam booster further includes PVP/VA-630 from ISP (P/VA Copolymer), Collamino 25 from Arch Personal Care (collagen amino acids), Solu-Mar Elastin from Arch Personal Care (soluble elastin), or Amaranth S from Arch Personal Care (sodium cocoyl hydrolyzed amaranth protein).
• Advantageous foam boosters also include PVP/VA copolymers, such as PCP/VA-630 from ISP, P/VA copolymers, collagen amino acids such as Collamino 25 from Arch Personal Care, soluble elastin such as Solu-Mar Elastin from Arch Personal Care, and sodium cocoyl hydrolyzed amaranth protein such as Amaranth S from Arch Personal Care.
• PVP/VA copolymers such as PCP/VA-630 from ISP
• P/VA copolymers collagen amino acids such as Collamino 25 from Arch Personal Care
• soluble elastin such as Solu-Mar Elastin from Arch Personal Care
• sodium cocoyl hydrolyzed amaranth protein such as Amaranth S from Arch Personal Care.
• foam booster is present in an amount of from about 0.005 to about 4 weight percent active, based upon the total weight of the alcoholic composition. In another embodiment, the foam booster is present in an amount of from about 0.01 to about 1 weight percent, based upon the total weight of the alcoholic composition, and in yet another embodiment, the foam booster is present in an amount of from about 0.02 to about 0.2 weight percent, based upon the total weight of the alcoholic composition.
• the foam booster is added directly to the alcoholic composition.
• the foam booster is added to the alcoholic composition as a solution or emulsion.
• the foam booster may be premixed with a carrier to form a foam booster solution or emulsion, with the proviso that the carrier does not deleteriously affect the foaming properties of the alcoholic composition.
• Examples of carriers include water, alcohol, glycols such as propylene or ethylene glycol, ketones, linear and/or cyclic hydrocarbons, triglycerides, carbonates, silicones, alkenes, esters such as acetates, benzoates, fatty esters, glyceryl esters, ethers, amides, polyethylene glycols and PEG/PPG copolymers, inorganic salt solutions such as saline, and mixtures thereof.
• the foam booster is premixed to form a foam booster solution or emulsion
• the amount of solution or emulsion that is added to the alcoholic composition is selected so that the amount of foam booster falls within the ranges set forth hereinabove.
• the weight ratio of foaming surfactant to foam booster is from about 3.5:1 to about 14.5:1, and in another embodiment, the weight ratio of foaming surfactant to foam booster is from about 8:1 to about 11:1.
• the foam booster increases the foam density and provides a creamier foam.
• the foam booster may operate to improve the foam in any number of ways.
• the foam booster also improves the foam quality, i.e. increases the number of bubbles and/or reduces the size of the bubbles.
• the alcoholic composition of this invention may further include a wide range of optional ingredients, with the proviso that they do not deleteriously affect the foam forming properties of the alcoholic composition, or the stability of the foam.
• Examples of these functional classes include: abrasives, anti-acne agents, anticaking agents, antioxidants, binders, biological additives, bulking agents, chelating agents, chemical additives; colorants, cosmetic astringents, cosmetic biocides, denaturants, drug astringents, emulsifiers, external analgesics, film formers, fragrance components, humectants, opacifying agents, plasticizers, preservatives, propellants, reducing agents, skin bleaching agents, skin-conditioning agents (emollient, humectants, miscellaneous, and occlusive), skin protectants, solvents, foam boosters, hydrotropes, solubilizing agents, suspending agents (nonsurfactant), sunscreen agents, ultraviolet light absorbers, detackifiers, and viscosity increasing agents (aqueous and nonaqueous).
• Examples of other functional classes of materials useful herein that are well known to one of ordinary skill in the art include solubilizing agents
• Auxiliary surfactants may be included in the alcoholic compositions for the purpose of boosting or modifying the foam quality and characteristics, for modifying the feel of the final formulation during rub in and/or dry time, for providing persistence or long-lasting microbial action of the alcohol, for solubilizing other ingredients such as fragrances or sunscreens, and for irritation mitigation.
• Auxiliary surfactants include, but are not necessarily limited to, sulfosuccinates, amine oxides, PEG-80 sorbitan laurate, polyglucosides, alkanolamides, sorbitan derivatives, fatty alcohol ethoxylates, quaternary ammonium compounds, amidoamines, sultaines, isothionates, sarcosinates, betaines, polysorbates and fatty alcohol polyethylene glycols.
• polysorbates examples include polysorbate-20, which may be referred to as polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate; polysorbate-40, which may be referred to as polyoxyethylene sorbitan monopalmitate; polysorbate-60, which may be referred to as polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate; and polysorbate-80, which may be referred to as polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate. Additional examples of polysorbates includes polysorbate-21, polysorbate-61, polysorbate-65, polysorbate-81, and polysorbate-85.
• auxiliary agent is not particularly limited, so long as it does not deleteriously affect the foam forming properties of the alcoholic composition, or the stability of the foam.
• one or more auxiliary agents may be present in the foamable alcoholic composition in an amount of from about 0 to about 2 weight percent, based upon the total weight of the alcoholic composition.
• one or more auxiliary agents may be present in the foamable alcoholic composition in an amount of from about 0.1 to about 1 weight percent, based upon the total weight of the alcoholic composition.and fatty alcohol polyethylene glycols.
• the composition of the present invention does not include any foaming surfactants except for those selected from the group consisting of gemini surfactants, sulfuric acid ester surfactants, anionic di-ester surfactants, polyquatemium polymers, and fatty alcohols.
• the composition of the present invention may include one or more auxiliary foaming surfactants.
• Auxiliary foaming surfactants include fluorosurfactants and siloxane polymer surfactants. Fluorosurfactants and siloxane polymer foaming surfactants are described in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 11/438,664 , which is hereby incorporated by reference.
• the amount of propellant is less than about 1000 parts per million by weight, based upon the total weight of the alcoholic composition.
• the alcoholic composition is substantially free of propellants, such as hydrocarbon propellants. By substantially free is meant that the amount of propellant in the alcoholic composition is less than about 100 parts per million by weight, based upon the total weight of the alcoholic composition.
• alcohol is the only active antimicrobial ingredient introduced into the composition, and in this embodiment the amount of auxiliary antimicrobial ingredients is less than about 0.1 weight percent, based upon the total weight of the alcoholic composition.
• the composition includes auxiliary antimicrobial agents in addition to alcohol.
• auxiliary antimicrobial agents include, but are not limited to, triclosan, also known as 5-chloro-2(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) phenol and available from Ciba-Geigy Corporation under the tradename IRGASAN®; chloroxylenol, also known as 4-chloro-3,5-xylenol, available from Nipa Laboratories, Inc.
• NIPACIDE® MX or PX hexetidine, also known as 5-amino-1,3-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-5-methyl-hexahydropyrimidine
• chlorhexidine salts including chlorhexidine gluconate and the salts of N,N"-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-2,4,11,14-tetraazatetradecanediimidi amide
• 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1 3-diol, benzalkonium chloride; cetylpyridinium chloride; alkylbenzyldimethylammonium chlorides; iodine; phenol derivatives, povidone-iodine including polyvinylpyrrolidinone-iodine; parabens; hydantoins and derivatives thereof, including 2,4-imidazolidinedione and derivatives of 2,4-imidazolidined
• the alcoholic composition of the present invention may optionally further comprise a wide range of topical drug actives, with the proviso that they do not deleteriously affect the foam forming properties of the alcoholic composition, or the stability of the foam.
• topical drug actives include salicylic acid, acetyl salicylic acid, cis-retinoic acid, trans-retinoic acid, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, lipoic acid, azelaic acid, phytic acid, lisophosphotidic acid, tetracycline, ibuprofen, naproxen, acetominophen, hydrocortisone, resorcinol, phenoxyethanol, phenoxypropanol, phenoxyisopropanol, 2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxy diphenyl ether, 3,4,4'-trichlorocarbanilide, octopirox, 2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid
• the balance of the alcoholic composition includes water or other suitable solvent.
• the alcoholic composition evaporates after use, and so it is not necessary to rinse or dry after using the composition. These embodiments may be referred to as leave-on or rinse-free compositions.
• one or more volatile silicone-based materials are included in the formulation to further aid the evaporation process. Exemplary volatile silicones have a lower heat of evaporation than alcohol. In certain embodiments, use of silicone-based materials can lower the surface tension of the fluid composition. This provides greater contact with the surface.
• the silicone-based material such as cyclomethicone, trimethylsiloxy silicate or a combination thereof, may be included in the formulation at a concentration of from about 4 wt. % to about 50 wt. % and in another embodiment from about 5 wt. % to about 35 wt. %, and in yet another embodiment from about 11 wt. % to about 25 wt. %, based upon the total weight of the alcoholic composition.
• the balance of the alcoholic composition includes foaming surfactant.
• the alcoholic composition may be prepared by simply mixing the components together.
• the order of addition is not particularly limited.
• the skin sanitizing alcoholic composition is prepared by a method comprising dispersing foaming surfactant in alcohol with slow to moderate agitation, adding water, and then adding a foam booster, and mixing until the mixture is homogeneous.
• the foamable composition of the present invention may be employed in any type of dispenser typically used for foam products.
• the foamable composition can optionally be foamed by aerosolizing the composition, an aerosolized product is not necessary for foaming.
• Any dispenser that is capable of mixing the foamable alcoholic composition with air or an inert gas may be used.
• Inert gases include gas that does not substantially react or otherwise deleteriously affect the foamable composition. Examples of inert gases include nitrogen, argon, xenon, krypton, helium, neon, and radon.
• the alcoholic composition is used in dispensers that employ foaming pumps, which combine ambient air or an inert gas and the alcoholic composition in a mixing chamber and pass the mixture through a mesh screen.
• the viscosity of the composition is less than about 100 mPas, in one embodiment less than about 50 mPas, and in another embodiment less than about 25mPas.
• Foamable formulations were prepared by mixing ingredients in the amounts shown in the following tables I to VI. The amounts given are in weight percent.
• Table 1 Example 1
• Example 2 Ingredient Ethanol (SDA3C) 60.00 60.00 Proprietary aqueous mixture of 15-25 % Disodium Ethylene Dicocamide PEG-15 Disulfate and 15-25 % Sodium Lauroyl Lactylate 0.08 0.20 Polyquaternium-11 (20 % in water) 0.18 Water qs 100 qs 100 Table II
• Example 3 Ingredient Ethanol (SDA3C) 60.00 60.00 Proprietary aqueous mixture of 15-25 % Disodium Ethylene Dicocamide PEG-15 Disulfate and 15-25 % Sodium Lauroyl Lactylate 0.08 0.60 Water 39.92 39.40 Table III
• Example 5 Example 6
• Example 8 Ingredient Ethanol (SDA3C) 60.00 60.18 60.18 60.00 Proprietary aqueous mixture of 15-25 % Diso
• Example 1 The formulations were foamed by using an Airspray foaming pump. Descriptions of the foam are summarized in Table VII. Examples 2 and 4-9 are described relative to Examples 1 and 3. Example 10 is described relative to Example 9. Example 13 is described relative to Examples 11 and 12. Examples 17-19 are described relative to Example 16. Table VII Example No.
• Example 1 Slight amount of foam, flat, fleeting
• Example 2 Increased level of foam, not as flat, puffier
• Example 3 Slight amount of foam, flat, fleeting
• Example 4 Whiter foam with lighter bubbles, somewhat flat, lasts longer
• Example 5 Whiter foam with tighter bubbles, somewhat flat, lasts longer
• Example 6 Whiter form, puffier but still fleeting
• Example 7 Whiter foam, puffier but still fleeting
• Example 8 Fluffier foam, not as fleeting, lighter bubbles
• Example 9 Whiter foam with light bubbles
• Example 10 Fluffier foam with light bubbles
• Example 11 White and fluffy, collapses quickly
• Example 12 White and poufy collapses quickly
• Example 13 White and fluffy, doesn't collapse as quickly, best volume
• Example 14 White and fluffy, lasts longer than all others
• Example 17 Foam improved did not collapse as quickly
• Example 18 Slightly puffier foam
• Example 19 Still flat but did not collapse as

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• 2008
  • 2008-02-21 CA CA002621986A patent/CA2621986A1/fr not_active Abandoned
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