Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
  • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
  • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
  • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
  • B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
  • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
  • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
  • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
  • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
  • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
  • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
  • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
  • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
  • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
  • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
  • B32B17/10183—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer being not continuous, e.g. in edge regions
  • B32B17/10192—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer being not continuous, e.g. in edge regions patterned in the form of columns or grids
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
  • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
  • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
  • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/10541—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing comprising a light source or a light guide
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F21—LIGHTING
  • F21K—NON-ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES USING LUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING CHARGES OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL; LIGHT SOURCES USING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AS LIGHT-GENERATING ELEMENTS; LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F21K9/00—Light sources using semiconductor devices as light-generating elements, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] or lasers
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
  • H05K2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
  • H05K2201/01—Dielectrics
  • H05K2201/0104—Properties and characteristics in general
  • H05K2201/0108—Transparent
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
  • H05K2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
  • H05K2201/03—Conductive materials
  • H05K2201/032—Materials
  • H05K2201/0326—Inorganic, non-metallic conductor, e.g. indium-tin oxide [ITO]
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
  • H05K2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
  • H05K2201/10—Details of components or other objects attached to or integrated in a printed circuit board
  • H05K2201/10007—Types of components
  • H05K2201/10106—Light emitting diode [LED]

Definitions

• the present invention relates to lighting using light emitting diodes (LEDs).
• diodes as light sources is still limited because of the particularities of implementation of these elements. Individually LEDs provide only a relatively low luminous flux. In general, the very limited spectrum of LEDs is also a factor that does not allow a satisfactory color rendering especially compared to that of incandescent lamps.
• LEDs for lighting has a number of interesting features. Among these, the lifetime of LEDs is particularly remarkable compared to that of incandescent lamps. Another feature is the fact that LEDs dissipate little heat which allows them to be used in conditions that make incandescent lamps inconvenient. A Another very popular characteristic is the luminous efficiency, that is the quantity of light produced by energy consumed. However, the use of diodes as a light source still offers many other advantages in terms of convenience of implementation, in particular because of their very small dimensions, which allows their implantation in locations that prohibit or make it difficult to install light bulbs. incandescence or discharge.
• Incandescent lamps because of the energy dissipated in heat, have a relatively low luminous efficiency which is between 12 and 20 lm / W. Fluorescence lamps have a much higher efficiency which is between 50 and 80 lm / W.
• the corresponding characteristic of the LEDs is in permanent progress. It is located with current LEDs between 15 and 60 lm / W and should reach and quickly exceed the level of fluorescent lamps. The estimate of the order of 80 to 100 lm / W at 5 years is presented as the most likely.
• These luminous efficiency values are those corresponding to the diode itself with the protective envelope.
• the quality of the latter is an element that can alter the efficiency due to insufficient light transmission.
• the envelopes used led to a rapid decrease in efficiency due to opacification that could reduce light transmission by 30% or more after only a few hundred hours of operation. Envelopes including ceramics developed recently can prevent this loss of efficiency.
• the diodes are normally disposed behind the sheet of transparent material which protects them by avoiding exposing them to mechanical hazards related to traditional modes of use.
• the lighting means are in particular subject to regular cleaning. In the absence of this protective sheet the diodes themselves or their fasteners and connections could be damaged.
• the diodes In order to constitute conveniently usable lighting assemblies, it has been proposed in particular to arrange the diodes in a laminated assembly of the type consisting of at least two sheets of transparent materials, including a sheet of mineral or organic glass, and a thermoplastic sheet. in which the diodes are incorporated. These sets also include a diode supply circuit most often in the form of one or more conductive layers disposed on the faces of the sheets constituting the laminated assembly. In this type of laminated assembly, the most usual consists of an assembly comprising two rigid sheets associated with one or more thermoplastic sheets.
• the supply circuit is preferably located. behind the diodes in relation to the face from which the light emanates.
• the circuit can be opaque.
• substantially transparent conductive layers makes it possible to arrange the diodes behind these conductive layers.
• the realization of lighting means must still satisfy various conditions.
• the luminous flux must be sufficiently concentrated and powerful in particular to limit the dimensions of these means.
• the nature of the constituents of the laminates and the incorporation of the diodes in materials of a thermoplastic nature must take into account the dissipation of the heat generated by the diodes. This condition is all the more delicate as the dimensions of the diodes being very reduced the heat that their operation produces, is punctually very concentrated.
• the diodes are incorporated in a weakly conductive medium, that of a thermoplastic sheet, the evacuation of heat is made more difficult.
• optical characteristics of the materials used in these laminates also partly determine the transmission efficiency of the light flux generated by the diodes. It is necessary to adapt accordingly the mode of incorporation of the diodes in these lighting means.
• the invention proposes lighting means which take into account these different requirements and others which will appear later in this description.
• the lighting means comprises a laminated assembly formed of at least one sheet of an organic or inorganic glass associated with at least one thermoplastic sheet in which the diodes are incorporated.
• the choice of the light-emitting diodes, in particular their power, their operating conditions, and moreover their distribution in the laminated assembly, are such that the luminous flux generated is from less300 Im, preferably at least 500 Im, and most preferably is greater than 1000 Im.
• the lighting means according to the invention gather on a surface of restricted dimensions a large number of diodes.
• the conditions for obtaining can also be directly related to the power of these lighting means.
• the luminous flux reported on the surface of these means is at least 500 Im per square meter of surface of this lighting means.
• This power is chosen on the one hand to provide illumination means of dimensions compatible with the most common uses and on the other hand to take into account what can be achieved by means of the characteristics of the commercially available diodes.
• the power can amount to at least 1000 lm / m 2 , and preferably to 2500 lm / m 2 and more.
• the temperature rise is a factor that limits the point power of each diode.
• the resorption of the heat generated by the operation of the diodes is relatively modest in the materials traditionally used in the manufacture of these sets. These include glass sheets which are known to be poor conductors of heat, it is it is also the polymeric materials constituting the interlayer sheets in which the diodes are housed.
• interlayer materials such as polyacetals, in particular polyvinyl butyrals (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) or any analogous material used in particular in conventional manner in laminated glazings.
• PVB polyvinyl butyrals
• EVA ethylene vinyl acetate
• the temperature near the diodes should preferably not exceed 80 ° C. It is advantageously less than 60 ° C.
• each diode Given the various characteristics of diodes currently commercially available, including the luminous efficiency, but also the dimensions of these diodes which partially condition the heat exchange with the surrounding environment, namely the polymer sheet in which the diodes are housed it is advantageous to limit the operating power of each diode. In practice, it is preferable to ensure that the power dissipated by each diode does not exceed 2 W, and preferably not 1.5 W. Most often the operating power of each diode is maintained at less than 1 W and preferably at less than 0.5 W.
• the nominal power of the diodes used may be substantially greater than that of their use. It is possible for example to use diodes at half or less of their power nominal. By operating the diodes at a reduced power, their "wear" is slowed down but, above all, their heating is limited. For this reason one can be led to use diodes of 5 W or more.
• the choice of high nominal powers determines the cost and the volume of the diodes. It is therefore necessary to choose the best compromise between the nominal power and that of operation. As a rule, the operating power will not be less than a quarter and preferably one third of the nominal power. This operating power is also preferably at most 4/5 of the nominal power and preferably at most 3 A of this power.
• the heating of the lighting means according to the invention arises not only from the diodes but also from the supply circuit thereof.
• the lighting means in the form of panels offer only a transparent face to the light emitted by all the diodes it is possible to design power circuits in which the joule dissipation is very modest.
• Metal conductive circuits can indeed offer a very low resistance.
• the power supply is interposed in the path of the light emitted, and this power supply circuit must remain practically invisible, this is the case of transparent luminous panels, the supply is obtained traditionally either by means of very thin metal son taken in the laminate, or even using conductive layers of very small thicknesses to not obstruct the light transmission.
• the diodes In domestic applications in particular, it will not exceed a voltage of more than 30Ov.
• the operating voltage of each LED generally does not exceed 50 volts, and most often is less than 25 volts.
• the arrangement of the LEDs in series makes it possible to increase the supply voltages very sensitively.
• the number of LEDs placed in series also determines the reliability of the entire series. If a diode is faulty the whole series is affected. To limit this risk of alteration of the lighting means, one solution is for example to double each diode in parallel.
• the nature and the configuration of the circuit as well as the supply voltage are chosen so that the Joule effect energy dissipation due to the supply circuit is as low as possible and advantageously is not greater than 50% of the total energy, and preferably not more than 30%.
• these layers when thin layers constitute the power supply network of the diodes, these layers advantageously offer the lowest resistance compatible with the highest possible light transmission. Under the usual optically acceptable conditions, the light transmission of the layers is advantageously more than 90%.
• the thin layers used preferably a resistance that is not greater than 30 ⁇ / [], and preferably not greater than 20 ⁇ / Q.
• the means can offer only one transparent face
• the other side is advantageously made of a good heat conducting material to facilitate the evacuation thereof.
• the face in question is advantageously formed of a metal sheet, and in this case is an element of the laminated assembly.
• the latter is constituted so as to reduce the resistance as much as possible.
• the feed is advantageously made by means of conducting wires.
• the diodes with the best light efficiency are used.
• diodes are offered with a reflective element in the form of a cup whose concave face is turned towards the diode.
• This construction not only makes it possible to reflect the flux towards one side only of the lighting means, but also the flux is reduced to a beam whose opening can thus be limited.
• This opening is advantageously such that the incidence of the luminous flux at the interface of the glass sheet with the outside is not greater than 60 degrees of angle, preferably this incidence is kept below 45 degrees of angle and even better at less than
• FIGS. 1a and 1b show in a cavalier perspective a laminated lighting assembly by means of diodes according to the invention
• FIG. 2a illustrates in perspective the path of the light flux coming from a diode in a laminate of the type presented in FIG. 1;
• Figure 2b shows in section and in an enlarged manner the flow of the luminous flux presented in 2a;
• Figure 3 is a graph illustrating a typical distribution of light intensity as a function of the direction of light flux with respect to the transmission axis.
• Figure la la presents partially "exploded" the constituent elements of lighting means according to the invention.
• This form comprises a transparent sheet 1 which is for example a glass sheet which can be transparent or translucent if it is desired a diffuse light effect.
• a sheet of thermoplastic material 2 transparent as the glass sheet itself is disposed between the sheet 1 and a series of diodes 3 which will be incorporated during assembly in the thermoplastic sheet 2.
• the diodes 3 are uniformly distributed over a supply circuit constituted for example by a thin conductive layer deposited on a second rigid sheet 5.
• the diodes and the conductive layer or the conductive wires feeding the diodes are disposed on a flexible sheet which replaces the sheet 5.
• the flexible sheet carrying the supply circuit is for example a PET sheet.
• the layer supplying the diodes is divided for example by ablation along lines 4 separating conductive strips.
• the diodes are connected to two contiguous strips each connected to a terminal of the power supply.
• the diodes are in parallel in rows of 6, and in series by 9.
• the diodes are relatively little distant from each other so as to develop a relatively large luminance intensity despite what each offers only a relatively low power typically of the order of 0.5 W or a little more.
• 54 diodes are collected under dimensions of dimensions, for example 20 ⁇ 30 cm.
• the assembly of the constituent elements is represented in Ib.
• the laminated considered brings together the two sheets 1 and 5 through the intermediate sheet 2.
• the diodes are introduced into the interlayer sheet during a typical operation of forming laminated glazing.
• the sheets are subjected to pressure, after having been brought to a softening temperature of the interlayer thermoplastic sheet 2.
• the connectors supplying the conductive strips are not shown. These connectors may be applied at the time of assembly or after it to the two conductive strips at the ends.
• a luminous flux of 500 Im order equivalent to the flux of a 40 W incandescent lamp In an embodiment obtained by combining two sheets of glass 3mm thick, a 0.76mm PVB interlayer sheet and a set of 54 LEDs sold under the trade name of Nishia Riguel white light, a luminous flux of 500 Im order equivalent to the flux of a 40 W incandescent lamp.
• the flux per unit area is thus about 8000 lm / m 2 .
• the dimensions and the number of LEDs can be increased according to the desired flux, provided that the density conditions of the LEDs remain compatible with a local temperature rise meeting the indicated conditions.
• the conductive circuit consists of a thin layer of tin oxide doped with antimony, deposited on the sheet 5. Its resistance is of the order of 15 ⁇ / Q. In this configuration, the highest temperature near the diode is of the order of 50 0 C.
• the radiation from the diode 3 incorporated in the interlayer sheet 2 passes through it and the transparent sheet 1.
• the rays are diffracted or reflected.
• Figure 2b illustrates this feature for the case for example of a glass sheet 1 in contact with the surrounding air.
• the index of the glass of the order of 1.5 makes the diode rays that are inclined (alfa) more than about 60 degrees of angle from the normal at the glass / air interface are reflected inwards and by successive reflections do not participate in the luminous flux useful for lighting.
• the distribution of the luminous flux as a function of the direction relative to the normal to the glass sheet follows a curve of the type shown in FIG.

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• 2006
  • 2006-12-20 EA EA200801569A patent/EA012477B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2006-12-20 WO PCT/EP2006/070002 patent/WO2007071724A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2006-12-20 EP EP06841503A patent/EP1965976A1/de not_active Withdrawn

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