EP1965659A1 - Procedure for extruder cooking of animal feed without using a dryer - Google Patents
Procedure for extruder cooking of animal feed without using a dryerInfo
- Publication number
- EP1965659A1 EP1965659A1 EP06805532A EP06805532A EP1965659A1 EP 1965659 A1 EP1965659 A1 EP 1965659A1 EP 06805532 A EP06805532 A EP 06805532A EP 06805532 A EP06805532 A EP 06805532A EP 1965659 A1 EP1965659 A1 EP 1965659A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- feed mixture
- procedure according
- contain
- primary feed
- glue
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/25—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by extrusion
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/20—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by moulding, e.g. making cakes or briquettes
Definitions
- the invention concerns a procedure for extruder cooking of animal feed without using a drier.
- the procedure consists of addition of max. 25% of a digestible starchy or another extrudable powdery "glue" to a continuous extruder cooker, in which the glue product and added water, if any, are mixed and extruder cooked at high pressure and temperature, until sufficient gelatinization and thermoplastic condition has been achieved. Subsequently the glue product is carried through a vacuum zone, where the sudden pressure drop causes evaporation and temperature drop, so that the moisture content in the glue drops.
- the glue product and the primary feed mixture is carried through a mixing zone, in which the two products are mixed homogeneously to a finished product.
- the finished product is carried through a die at rising pressure and temperature out to atmospheric pressure. The sudden pressure drop causes evaporation and temperature drop, so that the moisture content of the finished product drops.
- a rotating knife cuts the pellets at suitable length.
- the finished product is carried through a cooler, which cools the finished product to ambient temperature, which results in evaporation, so that the moisture content of the finished product drops.
- the finished product is now ready to be stored.
- the cooler and drier are often built together as a unit, in which the heated cooling air is used as pre-heated drying air.
- a hot-air cooler is defined by using hot air at a temperature above 50° C
- the moisture content of the powder mixture to be extruder cooked should typically be 20-30% to make the starch of the powder mixture gelatinize and form the glue, which can bind the powder mixture into a pellet.
- the moisture content of the finished product should typically be between 8- 12%, which means that typically 10-15% moisture should be dried, depending on the kind of product to be produced.
- the capacity of a typical extruder cooker for animal feed is approximately 10 tph, which means that between 1 and 1.5 tph moisture should be removed.
- a hot air drier for 10 tph, which should remove 1.5 tph moisture, requires approximately 15,000 m 3 , 90° C heated process air per hour. At exit from the drier this process air is approximately 50° C warm, moist, dust laden, oily and emits so much odour, that a cleaning plant is necessary.
- extruder-cooked fish feed production causes large odour problems, and consequently very large investment in cleaning plants.
- Patent No. EP1223817 describes a procedure for production of feed encapsulated in a digestible shell, which can fulfil the wish to avoid drying and reduce energy consumption.
- the problem with this procedure is that in practice the encapsulated block cannot be smaller than 30x30x30mm, and the capacity is very low.
- the shape requires another infrastructure and logistics than the existing, and consequently it is not realistic.
- Patent No. US 5.480.673 describes a procedure for extruder cooking of high- resolution proteins by dividing the powder mixture into a starch part and a protein part. The finished product contains so much moisture, that drying is necessary.
- Patent No. EP 1342548 A1 describes a procedure for extruder cooking of a product with controlled release of an encapsulated product. The finished product contains so much moisture, that drying is necessary.
- Fig. 1.0 shows a functional diagram with an example of an extruder cooking process, which meets the desired properties.
- a digestible starchy glue product is fed to the first extruder cooker extruder head (may be heated by steam), in which water or steam can also be added, if the moisture content of the glue product is not sufficiently high. Glue and water are mixed.
- the extruder screw now carries the glue product through a cooking zone, in which the glue product under high pressure and retention time is heated to the temperature, which is required to make the starch gelatinize and form a thermo-plastic condition.
- the pressure increase is obtained by forming resistance during screw conveyance and by heating of the extruder heads, if required.
- the glue product is now carried on through a vacuum zone, in which the pressure immediately drops to atmospheric pressure or lower, and consequently there is sudden evaporation and drops in the moisture content and temperature of the glue product.
- the glue product is now carried on through an intake zone, in which the primary mixture is added.
- the two materials Upon addition of the primary mixture to the glue product, the two materials are carried through a mixing zone, and a finished product is formed.
- the finished product is pressed through a die, in which the size and shape of the pellet is determined, and a rotating knife placed after the die determines the length of the pellet.
- the moisture content after the extruder cooking process i.e. the finished product after cooling depends on the following parameters: 1.
- a certain primary feed mixture required a minimum glue product, and consequently a minimum water addition to the glue product to achieve the ideal moisture content of 25-35%, depending on the glue product used.
- the above proportion consequently determines, how high the moisture content of the primary feed mixture must be.
- the cooling process will remove approximately 2% moisture and thus allow 14% moisture content in the finished product after the extruder cooker, if the maximum moisture content of the cooled finished product is 12%. There is no problem in getting raw materials with the desired moisture content for the primary feed mixture.
- pre-conditioning is not necessary.
- the pre-conditioning process requires much energy, large plant investments and a high building height.
- the invention can have great importance for existing extruder cooking plants with air driers, as much larger extruder cooker capacity can be installed in connection with switch-over to the new process, without the existing air drier becoming a limitation and without increased odour emission.
- the existing air drier can be used as air cooler and thus increase the existing cooler capacity.
- the special effect according to the invention is achieved by a procedure of the kind initially mentioned and is characterized by the fact, that the extruder cooking process takes place without the use of a drier, and that the primary feed mixture has so low moisture content, that the moisture content of all raw materials plus the water quantity added to the glue product minus the moisture quantity evaporated in the vacuum zone, minus the moisture quantity evaporated after the die and minus the moisture quantity evaporated over the cooler is lower than the desired moisture content of the finished product.
- a digestible starchy or another extrudable powdery glue product is carried to an intake zone.
- Water is added to the glue product, if the moisture content is not sufficient to gelatinize the starch. Any water added and the glue product are mixed to a homogeneous mixture in a mixing zone.
- the glue product is carried through a cooking zone at high pressure and temperature until sufficient gelatinization and thermo-plastic condition has been achieved.
- the glue product is carried through a vacuum zone, where the pressure is suddenly reduced to atmospheric pressure or lower, which results in evaporation of the moisture content of the glue product and consequently a reduction of temperature.
- the glue product is carried to an intake zone, in which the primary feed mixture is added.
- the glue product and the primary feed mixture is carried through a cooling zone and through a mixing zone, in which the glue product and the feed mixture is mixed to a homogeneous finished product.
- the primary feed mixture shall as a minimum constitute 75% in proportion to the glue product. At such high quantities of the primary feed mixture there is risk of backlash in the extruder, so that the finished product blocks up for dosing of the primary feed mixture. The distance from the dosing of the primary feed mixture to the extruder die must consequently be so long that backlash is avoided.
- the finished product is pressed through a die, in which the desired pellet size and shape are formed. When the finished product is cooled, a hard product ready for storage is formed.
- the vacuum zone is not established. If the primary feed mixture has very low moisture content, the vacuum zone is not necessary.
- the process is performed with separate machines for one or more process zones.
- the primary feed mixture can contain any form of feedstuffs or mixtures thereof in any mixing proportion, liquid, paste-like as well as powdery.
- the glue product can contain any form of feedstuffs or mixtures thereof in any mixing proportion, liquid, paste-like as well as powdery; decisive is that the mixture can be extruder cooked and form glue.
- the primary feed mixture can contain any form of flavour and aroma additives or mixtures thereof in any mixing proportion.
- Flavour and aroma additives can improve animal feed acceptance.
- the glue product can contain any form of flavour and aroma additives or mixtures thereof in any mixing proportion.
- Flavour and aroma additives can improve animal feed acceptance.
- the primary feed mixture can contain any form of vitamins, additives and minerals or mixtures thereof in any mixing proportion. As the primary feed mixture is not heated, matters, which cannot withstand heating, can be used, and no loss of properties will occur due to heating.
- the primary feed mixture can contain any form of functional matters or mixtures thereof in any mixing proportion.
- the primary feed mixture can contain any form of pharmaceutical matter or mixtures there of in any mixing proportion.
- the primary feed mixture can contain any form of pH-lowering matters or mixtures thereof in any mixing proportion.
- the purpose of pH-lowering matters is to conserve the feed.
- the primary feed mixture can contain any form of substance, which can form chemical reaction with the feed mixture or mixtures thereof in any mixing proportion.
- the primary feed mixture can contain a hide or skin improving matter.
- the primary feed mixture can contain anti-inflammatory enhancing matters.
- the primary feed mixture can contain antioxidant-enhancing matters.
- the primary feed mixture can contain respiration-enhancing matters.
- COMMENT TO CLAIM 17 The primary feed mixture can contain immune defence enhancing matters.
- COMMENT TO CLAIM 18 The primary feed mixture can contain anti-parasite enhancing matters.
- the primary feed mixture can contain pre-biotic or pro-biotic matters.
- the procedure can be used for food for human consumption.
- the procedure can use a cooler, which has a cooling air temperature between 0° C and
- the procedure means that an existing air drier in an existing extruder cooler plant can be utilized as air cooler and together with the existing air cooler it can increase the cooling capacity and consequently the capacity of the extruder cooking plant.
- FIGURE INDEX is a diagrammatic representation of FIGURE INDEX
- Fig. 1.0 shows the temperature and pressure progress in the extruder and the moisture content during the various process phases.
- Fig. 1.0 shows a temperature and pressure diagram, in which the temperature and pressure progress in principle is shown in relation to the extruder cooker position; further the moisture content of the product in relation to the process progress is shown.
- An extruder cooker consists of an extruder head, in which an extruder screw is rotating.
- the head and screw is often divided into a suitable number of segments, so that the head and screw can be configured to a specific job.
- the glue product X1 e.g. wheat
- the glue product can be added at room temperature or it can be preheated and moistened by steam before addition.
- the glue product is carried to the cooking zone (C), in which a high pressure is built up be forming a counter-pressure from the extruder screw and heating the extruder head to promote the cooking process, if necessary.
- the glue product is carried through the intake zone (E), in which the primary feed mixture is added.
- the primary feed mixture must be 75% of the mixture of glue product and the primary feed mixture to keep the total moisture as low as possible (below 12%).
- the two products are carried through a cooling zone (F) for further cooling and prevention of product backlash into the intake zone (E).
- a cooling zone (F) From the cooling zone (F) the glue product and the primary feed mixture is carried through a mixing zone (G), in which the two products are mixing homogeneously to a finished product.
- the finished product is carried through an outlet zone (H), which prevents backlash to the mixing zone (G) and to a die, in which pressure increase takes place through the die. After the die the pressure drops immediately to atmospheric pressure resulting in sudden evaporation (Y2) and drop in the moisture content and temperature of the finished product.
- the moisture content of the glue product is of no importance, as in any case it must be supplemented up to 25-35%, depending on which glue product is used.
- the moisture content of the primary feed mixture must not exceed the moisture content desired in the finished product.
- the moisture content of the primary feed mixture can be adjusted, so that the finished product gets the desired moisture content.
- the finished product (A) bypasses the cooler (XX) directly to the cooler (YY), in which the finished products (B and C) are cooled to storage temperature. During cooling up to 2% moisture is normally removed.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DK200501684A DK176521B1 (en) | 2005-11-30 | 2005-11-30 | Procedure for extruder cooking of animal feed without the use of dryers |
PCT/DK2006/000592 WO2007062648A1 (en) | 2005-11-30 | 2006-10-24 | Procedure for extruder cooking of animal feed without using a dryer |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1965659A1 true EP1965659A1 (en) | 2008-09-10 |
EP1965659A4 EP1965659A4 (en) | 2010-08-11 |
Family
ID=38091884
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP06805532A Withdrawn EP1965659A4 (en) | 2005-11-30 | 2006-10-24 | Procedure for extruder cooking of animal feed without using a dryer |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1965659A4 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2631634A1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK176521B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2007062648A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2010032933A2 (en) | 2008-09-16 | 2010-03-25 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Solar cell and texturing method thereof |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3940493A (en) * | 1972-08-07 | 1976-02-24 | Triple "F", Inc. | Non-protein nitrogen feed product and method for producing the same |
US4006266A (en) * | 1975-10-08 | 1977-02-01 | The Quaker Oats Company | Process for making a dry pet food having a hard component and a soft component |
US5773070A (en) * | 1996-04-09 | 1998-06-30 | Mjm Technologies | Method of forming a semi-moist jerky or leathery pet foods or treats |
US6103290A (en) * | 1996-07-18 | 2000-08-15 | Wenger Manufacturing, Inc. | Method of extrusion cooking an edible material |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3420671A (en) | 1964-03-05 | 1969-01-07 | Lancaster Lab Inc | Feed and forage pellets and process for producing the same |
US5480673A (en) | 1994-10-25 | 1996-01-02 | Wenger Manufacturing, Inc. | Extruded high soluble protein animal feed and method of preparing same |
EP1342548B1 (en) | 1996-10-28 | 2015-12-23 | General Mills, Inc. | Embedding and encapsulation of controlled release particles and encapsulated product |
DK200001245A (en) | 2000-08-23 | 2002-02-24 | Edberg Dan Oudal | Process for the production of feed encased in a digestible shell. |
-
2005
- 2005-11-30 DK DK200501684A patent/DK176521B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2006
- 2006-10-24 WO PCT/DK2006/000592 patent/WO2007062648A1/en active Application Filing
- 2006-10-24 CA CA002631634A patent/CA2631634A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-10-24 EP EP06805532A patent/EP1965659A4/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3940493A (en) * | 1972-08-07 | 1976-02-24 | Triple "F", Inc. | Non-protein nitrogen feed product and method for producing the same |
US4006266A (en) * | 1975-10-08 | 1977-02-01 | The Quaker Oats Company | Process for making a dry pet food having a hard component and a soft component |
US5773070A (en) * | 1996-04-09 | 1998-06-30 | Mjm Technologies | Method of forming a semi-moist jerky or leathery pet foods or treats |
US6103290A (en) * | 1996-07-18 | 2000-08-15 | Wenger Manufacturing, Inc. | Method of extrusion cooking an edible material |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of WO2007062648A1 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2010032933A2 (en) | 2008-09-16 | 2010-03-25 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Solar cell and texturing method thereof |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1965659A4 (en) | 2010-08-11 |
DK200501684A (en) | 2007-05-31 |
WO2007062648A1 (en) | 2007-06-07 |
CA2631634A1 (en) | 2007-06-07 |
DK176521B1 (en) | 2008-07-07 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
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PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
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17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20080603 |
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AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR |
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A4 | Supplementary search report drawn up and despatched |
Effective date: 20100708 |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20110307 |
|
RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: PROCESS RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT |
|
RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: EDBERG DAN OUDAL |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
|
18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 20110920 |
|
RIC1 | Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant |
Ipc: A23L 1/09 20060101ALI20140214BHEP Ipc: A23K 1/14 20060101AFI20140214BHEP Ipc: A23P 1/12 20060101ALI20140214BHEP |