Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
  • C09D5/02—Emulsion paints including aerosols
  • C09D5/024—Emulsion paints including aerosols characterised by the additives

Definitions

• This invention relates to latex paints. More particularly, the invention relates to latex paints that contain N-n-butyl ethanolamine.
• Neutralizing agents are present in latex paint formulations to bring the pH up to an optimal value between 8 and 10, typically about 8.5 to 9.3. For the proper coalescence of the binder polymers in the paint, at least some of the neutralizing agent must evaporate during drying/curing of the paint film, decreasing its pH. Although ammonia and various low molecular weight aliphatic amines have been used in latex paint formulations, they impart an undesirable and unpleasant odor to the paint formulation.
• AMP 2-Amino-2-methyl-l-propanol
• VOC volatile organic compounds
• the invention is a latex paint formulation comprising:
• the pigment volume concentration of the formulation is 38% to 80%.
• the invention is a method comprising applying the latex paint formulation to a substrate.
• pigment, binder, co-solvent, biocide, surfactant, additive, and similar terms also include mixtures of such materials. Unless otherwise specified, all percentages are percentages by weight.
• Latex paint formulations are complex multi-component formulations that are used for the decorative and semi-functional finishing of residential and industrial surfaces.
• the formulation and manufacture of latex paint formulations is well known to those skilled in the art.
• latex paint formulations contain one or more pigments, one or more binders, a liquid carrier, and one or more additives.
• Additives include, for example, neutralizing agents, leveling agents and surfactants, rheology modifiers, co-solvents, corrosion inhibitors, and biocides.
• Neutralizing agents are present in latex paint formulations to bring the pH up to an optimal value between 8 and 10, typically about 8.5 to 9.3.
• the neutralizing agent may be added to the paint formulation in at least three different places in the manufacturing process: to the pigment dispersion, to the resin dispersion, and/or in a final addition to the paint formulation. At least some of the neutralizing agent evaporates during drying/curing, decreasing the pH of the paint film, which is necessary for the proper coalescence of the binding polymers.
• BAE increases the open time of the paint formulation. Because co-solvents that are volatile organic compounds are typically added to increase open time, the amount of volatile organic compounds in the paint formulation can be reduced.
• BAE provides superior pigment dispersion. This is an advantage for flat paint formulations that have higher PVCs, typically 38% to 80%.
• BAE has a physical biocide synergist activity, that is, BAE/biocide mixtures are more effective in controlling microorganisms than AMP/biocide mixtures containing the same amount of neutralizing agent and biocide. This means that the same amount of biocidal activity can be obtained with less biocide when BAE is used as the neutralizing agent.
• Latex paint formulations based on resins comprising copolymers of acrylate esters, vinyl acetate and/or styrene typically comprise about two to ten pounds of BAE per one hundred gallons of finished latex paint formulation.
• Pigments provide the color and hiding value of the paint. In addition, some pigments are added to impart bulk to the paint at relatively low cost.
• Pigments are finely ground particles or powders that are dispersed in the paint formulation. Pigments are insoluble in the carrier. There are two primary categories of pigments, prime pigments and extender pigments. Prime pigments provide color and are the main source of hiding capability. Titanium dioxide is the predominant white pigment. It provides whiteness by scattering the incident light and by hiding the surface to which the paint is applied. Color pigments provide color by selective absorption of the incident light.
• Organic pigments include, for example, copper phthalocyanines such as phthalocyanine blue and phthalocyanine green, quinacridone pigments, and Hansa yellow.
• Inorganic pigments include, for example, carbon black, iron oxide, cobalt blue, brown oxide, ochres, and umbers.
• the prime pigments are typically used with an extender pigment or pigments.
• extender pigments include clays such as kaolin and china clay; silica, diatomaceous silica, and talc (magnesium silicate); calcium carbonate, such as chalk powder or marble powder; and zinc oxide.
• the binder provides the durable and flexible matrix within which the pigments are dispersed and suspended. It binds the pigment particles together and provides integrity and adhesion for the paint film.
• the binders for latex paints are typically produced by free radical initiated aqueous emulsion polymerization of a monomer mixture containing alkyl acrylate (methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate and/or 2-ethylhexylacrylate), alkyl methacrylate, vinyl alcohol/acetate, styrene, and, to a lesser extent, acrylonitrile and ethylene type monomers.
• alkyl acrylate methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate and/or 2-ethylhexylacrylate
• alkyl methacrylate vinyl alcohol/acetate
• styrene and, to a lesser extent, acrylonitrile and ethylene type monomers.
• the 100% acrylic resins exhibit
• the pure vinyl (polyvinyl alcohol/acetate) resins are cheaper but have poor water resistance.
• Mixed vinyl-acrylic resins and 100% acrylic resins are most commonly used in North America.
• Styrene-acrylic resins are commonly used in Europe and in industrial maintenance type paints.
• the binder is typically dispersed in water as a polymer latex.
• Pigment Volume Concentration indicates the relative proportion of pigment to binder in the paint formulation. It is a comparison of the volume of the pigment or pigments to the total volume of the binder or binders and the pigment or pigments. To calculate the volume of each ingredient, it is necessary to divide the amount present in the formulation by its density. Pigment Volume Concentration is calculated as follows:
• %PVC [Volume of Pigments/(Volume of Pigments + Volume of binder)]xlOO
• Pigment typically reduces the shininess or gloss of the binder, so, in general, the paint becomes less glossy as PVC increases.
• Typical PVC values associated with different levels of paint gloss are: gloss, 15% PVC; semigloss, 25% PVC; satin, 35% PVC, eggshell, 35-45% PVC; and flat, 38-80% PVC.
• Higher quality flat paints, both interior and exterior, generally have PVCs of about 38% to 50%.
• the ingredients of the latex paint formulation are dissolved, suspended and/or dispersed in a carrier.
• Water is the only carrier of importance in latex paints After all the others ingredients of the latex paint formulation have been accounted for, water makes up the balance of the formulation. Deionized water is typically used.
• Additives are additional ingredients that are added in small amounts to provide specific properties to the paint formulation and/or the paint film, such as mildew resistance, defoaming, light stability, and/or good flow and leveling during application.
• additives that may be present in the paint formulation include some or all of the following types of materials.
• Co-solvents are sometimes present in the paint formulation to aid in film formation, to resist freezing, and/or enhance brushing properties, such as by increasing open time. Open time is the time that a coating remains workable after it has been applied to a substrate. Open time allows for rebrushing or "melting in" of the newly applied coating at the lap, without causing brush marks, loss of gloss, or lap lines in the final dried coating.
• a lap is an area on a substrate where additional coating is applied onto a portion of a previously coated, but still wet, adjacent substrate area.
• the amount of co-solvent may be 10 to 20 percent or more based on total liquid content of the paint formulation.
• Typical co-solvents are short chain water-soluble alcohols and glycols, such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and glycerin.
• these co- solvents negate some of the advantages of aqueous coatings such as low tack, low odor, and low pollution. Because co-solvents are generally volatile organic compounds, only the minimum amounts necessary are used.
• Leveling agents are added to change the surface tension and improve wetting.
• Leveling agents are a subset of surfactants used to insure that a paint formulation flows out over and completely wets the surface being painted. Reduced contact angles between the paint formulation and the surface lead to better flow leveling, and better surface wetting allows for better adhesion of the wet paint formulation and the dried paint film.
• Surfactants are also important as grinding aids for pigment grinding operations.
• Rheology modifiers are added to thicken the paint formulation and to increase its yield stress, thus allowing for the formation of a stable suspension of pigments in resin upon mixing.
• Rheology modifiers are also added to optimize the application properties of the paint.
• Pigment dispersants are added to create a stable dispersion of the pigment. Pigment dispersants function by directly interacting with pigment particles both mechanically and electrostatically.
• Rheology modifiers function by increasing the yield stress of the water-resin system.
• Corrosion inhibitors and flash rust inhibitors while not essential, are added to a number of latex paints to suppress the migration of colored corrosion products from the surface of painted metal objects (e.g., exposed nail heads in drywall) to the surface of the paint. Also, some paint formulators add rust inhibitors to prevent corrosion of iron alloy paint cans during paint storage.
• Biocides and mildewcides are added to control microbial growth in the paint formulation and/or in the paint film. Microbes can colonize latex paints leading to filamentous growths, bad odors and the selective consumption of functional paint ingredients. Some biocides are added solely to control microbes during storage of the paint formulation (so called in-can biocides) while other biocides are added to impart biostability to the dried/cured paint film (so called dry film biocides). Some biocides can prevent both in-can and dry film biological growth.
• Typical biocides include isothiazolinones, such as 5-chloro-2-methyl-4- isothizolin-3-one; benzoisothiazolinones; triazines, such as hexahydro-l,3,5-_ ⁇ /s- 2-hydroxyethyl-s-triazine; l-(3-chloroallyl)-3,5,7-triaza-l-azoniaadamantane chloride (DOWICIL® 75); zinc pyrithione; gluteraldehyde; bronopol; and phenolics.
• isothiazolinones such as 5-chloro-2-methyl-4- isothizolin-3-one
• benzoisothiazolinones such as hexahydro-l,3,5-_ ⁇ /s- 2-hydroxyethyl-s-triazine
• Defoamers are special types of surfactants that have the effect of decreasing the foaminess of an agitated paint formulation, when it is manufactured, when it is shaken or stirred, and when it is applied to a surface.
• Defoamers are commercially available under a number of tradenames such as, for example, FOAMASTER®, ADVANTAGE® 1512, and BYK® 1650.
• the paint formulation may also comprise other additives such as, for example, light stabilizers, heat stabilizers (particularly for baked coatings), cross-linking agents (mostly used with specialty resins containing cross-linkable groups), curing catalysts, mar/slip aids, and flatting agents.
• additives such as, for example, light stabilizers, heat stabilizers (particularly for baked coatings), cross-linking agents (mostly used with specialty resins containing cross-linkable groups), curing catalysts, mar/slip aids, and flatting agents.
• the manufacture of paint formulations is well known to those skilled in the art.
• the dry pigments are dispersed into part of the carrier.
• the pigment dispersant and some of the other additives are also added during the grind phase.
• the second phase known as the letdown phase, the remaining ingredients, including the binder are added.
• the physical properties, such as viscosity and pH are checked.
• carrier and/or other ingredients may be a final addition of carrier and/or other ingredients to adjust the properties of the paint formulation.
• the paint formulation is then packaged and sent to consumers.
• the paint formulations of the invention are useful as latex paints, typically as flat latex paints that can be used in interior and exterior applications. They can be applied to a wide variety of substrates such as, for example, paper, wood, concrete, metal, glass, ceramics, plastics, plaster, and roofing substrates such as asphaltic coatings, roofing felts, foamed polyurethane insulation; or to previously painted, primed, undercoated, worn, or weathered substrates using a variety of techniques well known in the art such as, for example, brush, rollers, mops, air- assisted or airless spray, and electrostatic spray.
• substrates such as, for example, paper, wood, concrete, metal, glass, ceramics, plastics, plaster, and roofing substrates such as asphaltic coatings, roofing felts, foamed polyurethane insulation; or to previously painted, primed, undercoated, worn, or weathered substrates using a variety of techniques well known in the art such as, for example, brush, rollers, mops, air- assisted or air
• BYK®-156 Pigment dispersant aqueous solution of an ammonium salt of an acrylate copolymer (BYK Chemie, Wallingford, CT, USA)
• Colloid 226/35 35% water soluble anionic-pigment dispersant, viscosity stabilizer (Rhodia, Cranbury, NJ)
• Colloid 640 Hydrophobic silica-type defoamer (Rhodia, Cranbury, NJ)
• Polyphobe 102 Rheology modifier 25% emulsion of an acrylic polymer in water (Dow, Midland, MI)
• PROXEL® GXL Preservative containing 9.3% l,2-benzisothiazolin-3- one (Avecia, Wilmington, DE)
• Snowflake PE Medium/fine particle size, wet ground marble with a broad particle size distribution (IMERYS, Paris, France)
• the temperature was maintained at 25°C throughout the experiment.
• Optical density measurements were made at 15 min intervals. It was established that the microbial concentration was linearly related to optical absorbance in all cases so optical density was used as a direct measurement of microbial density. From optical density measurements, the maximum rate of microbial growth and the 18 hour and 48 hour end point microbial densities could be calculated.
• Table 1 shows the end point concentration at 18 hours for Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 10145) after treatment with various levels of TROYSAN® 785 biocide.
• Table 2 shows the maximum growth slope (values given in milli-OD units per minute) (15 point best fit of the linear portion of the growth curve).
• BAE and AMP were incorporated separately into a high quality flat interior latex paint formulation. The quantities are given in pounds.
• the paint formulation was: deionized water 150.0; propylene glycol, 25.9; PROXEL® GXL, 0.5; Colloid 226/35, 8.0; TERGITOL® NP- 9, 2.2; Colloid 640, 3.5; Polyphobe 102, 15.0; TI-PURE® R-902, 250.0;
• Snowflake PE 125.0; MINEX® 4, 125.0; and alkanolamine (either AMP or BAE), 5.0.
• the resulting mixture was dispersed at high speed then letdown with a mixture containing: UCAR® Latex 379G, 419.8; UCAR® Filmer IBT, 16.8; and Colloid 640, 3.5.
• the pH was adjusted to 9.0 ⁇ 0.2 and the viscosity to 90 ⁇ 2 KU with: Polyphobe 102, 14.5; alkanolamine, 2.0; and deionized water, 51.3. Total weight: 1218.0 pounds. Total yield: 101.0 gallons.
• the Pigment Volume Concentration (PVC) for resulting paint formulations is about 40%.
• the coatings were evaluated using the following ASTM Test Methods: fineness of dispersion, D 1210; viscosity Stormer viscometer D 562; pH, E 70; dry time, D 1640; odor, D 1296; gloss/sheen D 523; opacity, 3-mil drawdown, D 2805; package stability-2 wks at 125°F, D 1849; scrubbability, D 2486; and film porosity.
• the paint was tinted with each tinting colorant at 1% by weight of paint and applied to a sealed chart using a 3-mil Bird applicator. After drying, the relative depth of color was rated in accordance with the ASTM Standardized Scoring Scheme below.
• the colorants used are Colortrend Universal Colorants, Series 888-1045F Red Iron Oxide, 7214E Thalo Blue, and 2009L Raw Umber.
• the paint was applied freely over the entire panel using a 3-in roller (EZ Painter No. 3 FPS) until the gray stripe was obliterated (wet). The spreading rate was calculated from the amount of paint used and the weight per gallon of the paint. After drying overnight, a second coat was applied to one-third of the panel. After fifteen minutes, a 6-in lap coat was applied covering 3-in each of the first coat and second coat areas. The painted panel was allowed to dry overnight before applying a 4. times.4-inch touch-up on the two-coat area.
• the paint was also evaluated for: ease of application ; spreading rate; practical opacity; foaming; spatter; leveling; cratering; sheen uniformity; one coat versus two coat area; primed versus unprimed areas; lap area; and touch- up area.
• VOCs than paint formulations that contain AMP.
• VOC Volatile organic content
• AMP and BAE were incorporated separately into a semi-gloss latex paint formulation, except that the amount of anionic pigment dispersant typically used (BYK®-156) was reduced from 6.00 pounds per 100 gallons to 2.00 pounds per 100 gallons and the amount of alkanolamine (either AMP or BAE) was increased from 4.00 pounds per 100 gallons to 6.00 pounds per 100 gallons.
• the quantities are given in pounds.
• the paint formulation was: deionized water 34.33; propylene glycol, 34.55; BYK®-1650, 1.00; alkanolamine (either AMP or BAE), 6.00; BYK®-156, 2.00; TRITON® CF-IO, 2.00; TI-PURE® R-900, 253.50; and MINEX® 4, 24.94.
• the resulting mixture was dispersed at high speed then letdown with a mixture containing: UCAR® 481, 562.35; TEXANOL® ester alcohol, 15.75; propylene glycol, 8.64; BYK®-1650, 1.00; ACRYSOL® RM-8, 35.95; and deionized water, 83.33.
• the resulting paint formulations have a Pigment Volume Concentration (PVC) of 23.024% and a total volume of about 100 gallons.
• Example 4 The paint formulation of Example 4 was prepared, except that the formulation contained 4.00 pounds per 100 gallons of the alkanolamine (either AMP or BAE), and no BYK®-156 pigment dispersant was present. The amount of additional alkanolamine needed to produce a paint formulation equivalent to one that contained 6.00 pounds per gallon of BYK®-156 pigment dispersant determined. For AMP, 10.27 pounds per hundred gallons of paint formulation was required. For BAE, only 5.74 pounds per hundred gallons of paint formulation was required.

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• 2005
  • 2005-12-20 US US11/313,052 patent/US20060106129A1/en not_active Abandoned
• 2006
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