EP1957883B1 - Improved heat exchanger - Google Patents
Improved heat exchanger Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1957883B1 EP1957883B1 EP06832335A EP06832335A EP1957883B1 EP 1957883 B1 EP1957883 B1 EP 1957883B1 EP 06832335 A EP06832335 A EP 06832335A EP 06832335 A EP06832335 A EP 06832335A EP 1957883 B1 EP1957883 B1 EP 1957883B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- heat exchanger
- cap
- boiler
- duct
- burner
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Not-in-force
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
- F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
- F24H1/40—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water tube or tubes
- F24H1/43—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water tube or tubes helically or spirally coiled
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D7/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled
- F28D7/024—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled the conduits of only one medium being helically coiled tubes, the coils having a cylindrical configuration
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an improved boiler.
- the invention concerns a boiler comprising a cap - manifold assembly for permitting limiting the use of high temperature insulating elements and gaskets, thus permitting remarkable savings.
- boilers used for heating or for sanitaria water production are provided with heat exchangers.
- a further technical problem solved by the present invention is that of insulating the internal parts of the heat exchanger, particularly in view of the fact that the temperature close to the burner is generally very high, thus reducing the use of expensive refractory material insulating elements.
- Object of the present invention is therefore that of suggesting a heat exchanger with a cap - manifold assembly, permitting thermally insulating burner and combustion chamber, thus avoiding the use of refractory insulating materials, and reducing the final costs.
- an improved heat exchanger comprising a water inlet duct and a water outlet duct, between which a heat exchanger is provided, comprised of a spiral duct through which water to be heated passes; said heat exchanger defining a combustion chamber within which a burner is provided, said burner being supplied by an air-gas mixture; and upper cap placed so as to be in touch with at least the last upper turn of the heat exchanger duct, and a lower cap, placed distanced from the last lower turn of the heat exchanger duct, so as to create a gap for passage of gas and discharging condensate; said heat exchanger being characterised in that it comprises a manifold element having such a surface to innerly occupy the upper surface of said combustion chamber having, a concave shape and placed above said upper cap, with the upper surface of which it realises a cavity within which an air - gas mixture is collected before being conveyed within said burner.
- said upper cap can have a substantially flat upper surface.
- said manifold element can be comprised of metal, preferably aluminium, or of plastic material.
- said cap can be coupled with said manifold element.
- coupling each other of said cap and said manifold element can be adjusted by rotation.
- said heat exchanger has a metallic disk, shaped to be inserted by screwing within the space of a heat exchanger duct turn, above said heat exchanger being provided an insulating refractory element, with temperature of about 2000°C.
- said disk can be comprised of steel.
- duct of said heat exchanger can comprise an annular slot on each end, permitting the coupling with said inlet and outlet ducts without any welding.
- said heat exchanger can comprise a cylindrical element between said upper cap and said lower cap.
- said heat exchanger can comprise a plurality of tie rods, each provided with means for fixing at their ends with said upper cap and with said lower cap.
- said upper cap with gas manifold and said lower cap with discharge collector can be respectively realised integrally each other, or separated.
- Said heat exchanger 1 provides a combustion chamber 2, within which spiral shaped duct 3' for water to be heated within the heat exchanger 3 is introduced.
- Said heat exchanger 3 confers a substantially cylindrical shape to the combustion chamber.
- Heat exchanger 3 has a water inlet duct and a water outlet duct, respectively indicated by reference number 4' and 4".
- Burner 5 is provided substantially along the vertical axis of said combustion chamber 2, close to said burner 5 being provided the ignition spark plug 6 for ignition of the same burner 5.
- a heat exchanger 3 cap - manifold 7 assembly is provided above said burner 5.
- Heat exchanger 1 also provided on its base a lower cap 8, while a containment wall is provided laterally.
- Said cap - manifold assembly and said lower cap 8, coupled by adjustable tie rods 10 acting on their edged, are provided, respectively, at the base of said cylindrical element 9.
- This assembling mode is particularly efficient and cheap, also permitting maintaining the heat exchanger duct 3' spiral compressed.
- Cap - manifold 7 assembly is comprised of two parts: cap 7' and manifold element 7".
- Cap 7' is comprised of metal, preferably aluminium, or any other heat conducting material. It has a substantially flat surface and it is in contact with the last turn of heat exchanger 3 duct 3'.
- Manifold element 7" is preferably comprised of aluminium or plastic material. It is provided above said cap 7' and has such a dimension to cover the whole cap 7' surface.
- Said collector 7" has a concave shape and is coupled with said cap 7', realising, along with the same, a cavity 11.
- Said cavity permits a first thermal insulation from heat irradiated from cap 7' and burner 5. then, air - gas mixture enters within said cavity 11 for supplying burner 5. said mixture has a temperature much lower than the temperature inside the combustion chamber.
- this arrangement permits use of standard sealing gaskets, preventing the need of using refractory materials.
- Both cap 7' and lower cap 8 are shaped so as to have an outlet structure for the spiral end from housing comprised of the two caps and the cylindrical element 9. It must be taken into consideration that in the art usually the ends of heat exchanger 3 duct 3' exit through the cylindrical element 9, thus creating problems for sealing and weldings.
- FIG 3 shows heat exchanger 3 that in the embodiment shown is a spiral exchanger.
- Heat exchanger 3 duct 3' has annular slots 12 (see figure 4 ) on its ends, permitting the coupling without the need of weldings, only by a joint with gaskets (not shown in the figures).
- Lower cap 8 is preferably comprised of plastics, aluminium or other metal.
- Heat exchanger 1 has under said cap 8 a discharge manifold 13 that can be comprised of plastics, aluminium or other metal.
- figure 5 shows a section of lower closure of combustion chamber 3, wherein a steel disk 14 is placed, having such a shape to be inserted between gaps of a heat exchanger 3 tube turn, above which a heat insulating refractory 15 is provided.
- a further advantage of the present invention is the fact of permitting an easy, convenient and modular assembling.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Details Of Fluid Heaters (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
- Instantaneous Water Boilers, Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses, And Control Of Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses (AREA)
- Compression-Type Refrigeration Machines With Reversible Cycles (AREA)
- Air Supply (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to an improved boiler.
- More specifically, the invention concerns a boiler comprising a cap - manifold assembly for permitting limiting the use of high temperature insulating elements and gaskets, thus permitting remarkable savings.
- As it is well known, boilers used for heating or for sanitaria water production are provided with heat exchangers.
- At present, many heat exchangers exist permitting obtaining high efficiency. For example, it is known in the art the spiral heat exchanger described in the European patent application
EP 1281919 A , filed by the same Applicant, characterised by an inner combustion gas path through spaces among spire and tubes within which water flows. - A further example of heat exchanger that forms part of the state of the art is disclosed in the patent application No.
NL 8403235 - A technical problem of prior art boilers is that known heat exchangers must be suitably thermally insulated inside. In fact, difference between Inner temperature close to the burner and outside temperature is very high. Therefore, it is unavoidable the presence of insulating elements between combustion chamber and upper cap. Said high temperature insulating elements, as well as gaskets, are comprised of very expensive refractory material that are difficult to use.
- Moreover, water collector passes through the cylindrical wall. This generates further technical problems for gaskets and weldings.
- A further technical problem solved by the present invention is that of insulating the internal parts of the heat exchanger, particularly in view of the fact that the temperature close to the burner is generally very high, thus reducing the use of expensive refractory material insulating elements.
- Object of the present invention is therefore that of suggesting a heat exchanger with a cap - manifold assembly, permitting thermally insulating burner and combustion chamber, thus avoiding the use of refractory insulating materials, and reducing the final costs.
- It is therefore specific object of the present invention to provide an improved heat exchanger comprising a water inlet duct and a water outlet duct, between which a heat exchanger is provided, comprised of a spiral duct through which water to be heated passes; said heat exchanger defining a combustion chamber within which a burner is provided, said burner being supplied by an air-gas mixture; and upper cap placed so as to be in touch with at least the last upper turn of the heat exchanger duct, and a lower cap, placed distanced from the last lower turn of the heat exchanger duct, so as to create a gap for passage of gas and discharging condensate; said heat exchanger being characterised in that it comprises a manifold element having such a surface to innerly occupy the upper surface of said combustion chamber having, a concave shape and placed above said upper cap, with the upper surface of which it realises a cavity within which an air - gas mixture is collected before being conveyed within said burner.
- Always according to the invention, said upper cap can have a substantially flat upper surface.
- Still according to the invention, said manifold element can be comprised of metal, preferably aluminium, or of plastic material.
- Further, according to the invention, said cap can be coupled with said manifold element.
- Preferably, according to the invention, coupling each other of said cap and said manifold element can be adjusted by rotation.
- Still according to the invention, said heat exchanger has a metallic disk, shaped to be inserted by screwing within the space of a heat exchanger duct turn, above said heat exchanger being provided an insulating refractory element, with temperature of about 2000°C.
- Furthermore, according to the invention, said disk can be comprised of steel.
- Preferably, according to the invention, duct of said heat exchanger can comprise an annular slot on each end, permitting the coupling with said inlet and outlet ducts without any welding.
- Always according to the invention, said heat exchanger can comprise a cylindrical element between said upper cap and said lower cap.
- Still according to the invention, said heat exchanger can comprise a plurality of tie rods, each provided with means for fixing at their ends with said upper cap and with said lower cap.
- Always according to the invention, said upper cap with gas manifold and said lower cap with discharge collector can be respectively realised integrally each other, or separated.
- The present invention will be now described, for illustrative purposes, according to its preferred embodiments, with particular reference to the figures of the enclosed drawings, wherein:
-
figure 1 shows a perspective view of a heat exchanger according to the present invention; -
figure 2 shows a section of boiler according tofigure 1 ; -
figure 3 shows a section of a lower cap; -
figure 4 shows a view of an end of the duct of a heat exchanger; and - figure 5 shows the section of the lower closure portion of the combustion chamber.
- Making reference to
figures 1 and 2 , it is possible observing a heat exchanger 1 according to the present invention. - Said heat exchanger 1 provides a
combustion chamber 2, within which spiral shaped duct 3' for water to be heated within theheat exchanger 3 is introduced. - Said
heat exchanger 3 confers a substantially cylindrical shape to the combustion chamber. -
Heat exchanger 3 has a water inlet duct and a water outlet duct, respectively indicated byreference number 4' and 4". -
Burner 5 is provided substantially along the vertical axis of saidcombustion chamber 2, close to saidburner 5 being provided theignition spark plug 6 for ignition of thesame burner 5. - A
heat exchanger 3 cap -manifold 7 assembly is provided above saidburner 5. - Heat exchanger 1 also provided on its base a lower cap 8, while a containment wall is provided laterally.
- Said cap - manifold assembly and said lower cap 8, coupled by
adjustable tie rods 10 acting on their edged, are provided, respectively, at the base of saidcylindrical element 9. This assembling mode is particularly efficient and cheap, also permitting maintaining the heat exchanger duct 3' spiral compressed. - Cap -
manifold 7 assembly is comprised of two parts: cap 7' andmanifold element 7". - Cap 7' is comprised of metal, preferably aluminium, or any other heat conducting material. It has a substantially flat surface and it is in contact with the last turn of
heat exchanger 3 duct 3'. - Manifold
element 7" is preferably comprised of aluminium or plastic material. It is provided above said cap 7' and has such a dimension to cover the whole cap 7' surface. - Said
collector 7" has a concave shape and is coupled with said cap 7', realising, along with the same, acavity 11. Said cavity permits a first thermal insulation from heat irradiated from cap 7' andburner 5. then, air - gas mixture enters within saidcavity 11 for supplying burner 5. said mixture has a temperature much lower than the temperature inside the combustion chamber. Thus,cavity 11 realised by cap 7' and manifold 7", at the same time cools said cap 7' and realises a thermal insulation. - As already said, this arrangement permits use of standard sealing gaskets, preventing the need of using refractory materials.
- Both cap 7' and lower cap 8 are shaped so as to have an outlet structure for the spiral end from housing comprised of the two caps and the
cylindrical element 9. It must be taken into consideration that in the art usually the ends ofheat exchanger 3 duct 3' exit through thecylindrical element 9, thus creating problems for sealing and weldings. - Instead, by the exit through the caps it is possible obtaining a safe sealing without weldings.
- The above permits eliminating problems due to the exit of said
heat exchanger 3 duct 3' ends, particularly with respect to the installation of heat exchanger 1. In fact, coupling of caps 7' and 8 is such to permit their rotation. Thus, position of the duct 3' spiral ends can be conveniently varied. -
Figure 3 showsheat exchanger 3 that in the embodiment shown is a spiral exchanger.Heat exchanger 3 duct 3' has annular slots 12 (seefigure 4 ) on its ends, permitting the coupling without the need of weldings, only by a joint with gaskets (not shown in the figures). - Lower cap 8 is preferably comprised of plastics, aluminium or other metal. Heat exchanger 1 has under said cap 8 a
discharge manifold 13 that can be comprised of plastics, aluminium or other metal. - Finally, figure 5 shows a section of lower closure of
combustion chamber 3, wherein asteel disk 14 is placed, having such a shape to be inserted between gaps of aheat exchanger 3 tube turn, above which aheat insulating refractory 15 is provided. - On the basis of the previous specification it can be observed that basic advantage of the present invention is that of limiting the use of refractory insulating materials for insulation of heat irradiated from the boiler burner.
- A further advantage of the present invention is the fact of permitting an easy, convenient and modular assembling.
- The present invention has been described for illustrative purposes, according to its preferred embodiments, but it is to be understood that modifications and/or changes can be introduced by those skilled in the art without departing from the relevant scope as defined in the enclosed claims.
Claims (12)
- Boiler (1) comprising:a water inlet duct (4') and a water outlet duct (4"), between which a heat exchanger (3) is provided, comprised of a helicoidal duct (3') through which water to be heated passes;a combustion chamber (2) defined laterally by said heat exchanger (3) within which a burner (5) is provided, said burner (5) being supplied by an air-gas mixture; andan upper cap (7'), having an upper and a lower surface, placed so said lower surface is in touch with at least the uppermost turn of the heat exchanger duct (3'), and a lower cap (8) spaced apart from the lowermost turn of the heat exchanger duct (3'), so as to create a gap for passage of gas and discharge condensate;characterized in that it comprises:a manifold element (7") being placed above said upper cap (7') and having such a dimension to cover the whole of said upper surface of said upper cap (7') and having a concave shape so that it realizes with said upper surface of said upper cap (7') a cavity (11) within which an air - gas mixture is collected before being conveyed within said burner (5) so as to form an insulation from the heat irradiated from said upper cap (7') and said burner (5);a metal disk (14), shaped to be internally engaged within said heat exchanger (3) by internal screwing engagement with the turns of its duct (3'); andan insulating refractory element (15) provided above said metallic disk (14), said insulating refractory element (15) and said metallic disk (14) being placed below said burner (5).
- Boiler (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that said upper cap has a substantially flat upper surface.
- Boiler (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said manifold element (7") is comprised of metal, preferably aluminium.
- Boiler (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said manifold element (7") is comprised of plastic material.
- Boiler (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said cap (7') is coupled with said manifold element (7").
- Boiler (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that coupling each other of said cap (7') and said manifold element (7") is adjusted by rotation.
- Boiler (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said disk (14) is comprised of steel.
- Boiler (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said duct (3') of said heat exchanger (3) comprises an annular slot (12) on each end, permitting the coupling with said inlet (4') and outlet (4") ducts without any welding.
- Boiler (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said heat exchanger (3) comprises a cylindrical element (9) between said upper cap (7') and said lower cap (8).
- Boiler (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said heat exchanger (3) comprises a plurality of tie rods (10), each provided with means for fixing at their ends with said upper cap (7') and with said lower cap (8).
- Boiler (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said upper cap (7') with gas manifold element (7") and said lower cap (8) with discharge collector are respectively realized integrally each other.
- Boiler (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said upper cap (7') with gas manifold element (7") and said lower cap (8) with discharge collector are realized separated from each other.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PL06832335T PL1957883T3 (en) | 2005-12-05 | 2006-11-23 | Improved heat exchanger |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IT000606A ITRM20050606A1 (en) | 2005-12-05 | 2005-12-05 | PERFECTED EXCHANGER. |
PCT/IT2006/000818 WO2007066369A1 (en) | 2005-12-05 | 2006-11-23 | Improved heat exchanger |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1957883A1 EP1957883A1 (en) | 2008-08-20 |
EP1957883B1 true EP1957883B1 (en) | 2010-12-15 |
Family
ID=37907077
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP06832335A Not-in-force EP1957883B1 (en) | 2005-12-05 | 2006-11-23 | Improved heat exchanger |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1957883B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE491918T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE602006018991D1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2357688T3 (en) |
IT (1) | ITRM20050606A1 (en) |
PL (1) | PL1957883T3 (en) |
RU (1) | RU2419040C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2007066369A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102008012126A1 (en) * | 2008-03-01 | 2009-09-10 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | heater |
CN101726109B (en) * | 2009-11-27 | 2013-01-16 | 广东诺科冷暖设备有限公司 | High-efficiency condensing type heat exchanger |
UA117858C2 (en) * | 2014-03-17 | 2018-10-10 | Кондево С.П.А. | Method of manufacturing a set of heat exchange cells and set of heat exchange cells thus obtained |
TR201902083T4 (en) * | 2014-03-17 | 2019-03-21 | Condevo S P A | Heat exchange cell and method. |
CN106524475A (en) * | 2015-09-11 | 2017-03-22 | 张书学 | Main exchanger of wall-hanging stove |
NL2016755B1 (en) * | 2016-05-10 | 2017-11-16 | Remeha B V | Heat exchanger. |
IT201600074665A1 (en) | 2016-07-18 | 2018-01-18 | Ariston Thermo Spa | HEAT EXCHANGER FOR BOILER OR SIMILAR |
RU168562U1 (en) * | 2016-09-27 | 2017-02-08 | Федеральное Государственное Автономное Образовательное Учреждение Высшего Профессионального Образования "Дальневосточный Федеральный Университет" (Двфу) | Hot water boiler |
IT201700096656A1 (en) * | 2017-08-28 | 2019-02-28 | Cosmogas Srl | HEAT EXCHANGER FOR A BOILER, AND HEAT EXCHANGER TUBE |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AT388576B (en) | 1983-11-04 | 1989-07-25 | Escher Wyss Gmbh | FABRIC RELEASE DEVICE FOR SOLVING WASTE PAPER |
NL8403236A (en) * | 1984-10-24 | 1986-05-16 | Henk Durieux | High efficiency central heating boiler - uses spirally wound heat exchanger around combustion chamber and around coaxial insulation block |
US5171144A (en) * | 1991-09-09 | 1992-12-15 | A. O. Smith Corporation | Pressurized air seal for combustion chamber |
NL1014957C1 (en) * | 2000-04-14 | 2001-10-16 | Nefit Buderus B V | Heat exchanger with circulating fluid heated by a flue gas, has a ring seal inside the bore in the receiving part of the connection between the exchanger casing and tube carrying the fluid |
ITRM20010474A1 (en) | 2001-08-03 | 2003-02-03 | Fontecal S P A | HIGH YIELD SPIROIDAL HEAT EXCHANGER FOR HEATING AND / OR PRODUCTION OF DOMESTIC HOT WATER, PARTICULARLY SUITABLE FOR CONDENSING |
FR2850451B3 (en) * | 2003-01-24 | 2005-04-15 | Realisation Mecaniques Engenee | HEAT EXCHANGER WITH CONDENSATION, PLASTIC ENVELOPE |
-
2005
- 2005-12-05 IT IT000606A patent/ITRM20050606A1/en unknown
-
2006
- 2006-11-23 AT AT06832335T patent/ATE491918T1/en active
- 2006-11-23 ES ES06832335T patent/ES2357688T3/en active Active
- 2006-11-23 DE DE602006018991T patent/DE602006018991D1/en active Active
- 2006-11-23 EP EP06832335A patent/EP1957883B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2006-11-23 PL PL06832335T patent/PL1957883T3/en unknown
- 2006-11-23 WO PCT/IT2006/000818 patent/WO2007066369A1/en active Application Filing
- 2006-11-23 RU RU2008127376/06A patent/RU2419040C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE491918T1 (en) | 2011-01-15 |
PL1957883T3 (en) | 2011-05-31 |
ITRM20050606A1 (en) | 2007-06-06 |
DE602006018991D1 (en) | 2011-01-27 |
WO2007066369A1 (en) | 2007-06-14 |
EP1957883A1 (en) | 2008-08-20 |
ES2357688T3 (en) | 2011-04-28 |
RU2008127376A (en) | 2010-01-20 |
RU2419040C2 (en) | 2011-05-20 |
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