EP1957221A1 - Combinaison de processus de coulage et compositions alliées produisant des pièces coulées de combinaison supérieure de propriétés de fluage à température élevée, de ductilité et de résistance à la corrosion - Google Patents

Combinaison de processus de coulage et compositions alliées produisant des pièces coulées de combinaison supérieure de propriétés de fluage à température élevée, de ductilité et de résistance à la corrosion

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Publication number
EP1957221A1
EP1957221A1 EP06805766A EP06805766A EP1957221A1 EP 1957221 A1 EP1957221 A1 EP 1957221A1 EP 06805766 A EP06805766 A EP 06805766A EP 06805766 A EP06805766 A EP 06805766A EP 1957221 A1 EP1957221 A1 EP 1957221A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
weight
metals
process according
anyone
amount
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP06805766A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1957221B1 (fr
Inventor
Per Bakke
Westengen Haakon
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Magontec GmbH
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Magontec GmbH
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Application filed by Magontec GmbH filed Critical Magontec GmbH
Priority to EP06805766A priority Critical patent/EP1957221B1/fr
Priority to PL06805766T priority patent/PL1957221T3/pl
Publication of EP1957221A1 publication Critical patent/EP1957221A1/fr
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
    • B22D17/08—Cold chamber machines, i.e. with unheated press chamber into which molten metal is ladled
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D21/00—Casting non-ferrous metals or metallic compounds so far as their metallurgical properties are of importance for the casting procedure; Selection of compositions therefor
    • B22D21/002—Castings of light metals
    • B22D21/007—Castings of light metals with low melting point, e.g. Al 659 degrees C, Mg 650 degrees C
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D21/00—Casting non-ferrous metals or metallic compounds so far as their metallurgical properties are of importance for the casting procedure; Selection of compositions therefor
    • B22D21/02—Casting exceedingly oxidisable non-ferrous metals, e.g. in inert atmosphere
    • B22D21/04—Casting aluminium or magnesium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C23/00—Alloys based on magnesium
    • C22C23/02—Alloys based on magnesium with aluminium as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C23/00—Alloys based on magnesium
    • C22C23/06—Alloys based on magnesium with a rare earth metal as the next major constituent

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for casting a magnesium alloy consisting of
  • RE-metals rare earth metals
  • RE-metals rare earth metals
  • Magnesium-based alloys are widely used as cast parts in the aerospace and automotive industries. Magnesium-based alloy cast parts can be produced by conventional casting methods, which include die-casting, sand casting, permanent and semi-permanent mold casting, plaster-mold casting and investment casting.
  • Mg-based alloys demonstrate a number of particularly advantageous properties that have prompted an increased demand for magnesium-based alloy cast parts in the automotive industry. These properties include low density, high strength- to-weight ratio, good castability, easy machinability and good damping characteristics.
  • Mg-AI-alloys or Mg-Al-Zn- alloys are known to lose their creep resistance at temperatures above 120° C.
  • Mg-Al-Si alloys have been developed for higher temperature applications and offer only a limited improvement in creep resistance. Alloys of the Mg-Al-Ca and Mg-Al-Sr system offer a further improvement in creep resistance, but a great disadvantage with these alloys is problems with castability. This is particularly a problem with high metal velocities impinging directly onto the die surface, the so- called water hammer effect.
  • alloy AE48 (4% AP, 2-3 % RE) offers a significant improvement in elevated temperatures properties and corrosion.
  • Mg-Al alloys containing elements like Sr and Ca offer a further improvement in creep properties, however at the cost of reduced castability.
  • Alloys of the Mg-Al- Ca and Mg-Al-Sr system offer a further improvement in creep resistance, but a great disadvantage with these alloys are problems with castability. This is particularly a problem with high metal velocities impinging directly onto the die surface, the so-called water hammer effect.
  • each machine has a die 10, 20 provided with a hydraulic damping system 11, 21 respectively.
  • Molten metal is introduced into the die by means of a shot cylinder 12, 22 provided with a piston 13, 23 respectively.
  • a auxiliary system for metering of the metal to the horizontal shot cylinder is required.
  • the hot chamber machine (Fig. 1 B) uses a vertical piston system (12, 23) directly in the molten alloy.
  • the steel die 10, 20 is equipped with an oil (or water) cooling system controlling the die temperature in the range of 200- 300 0 C.
  • a prerequisite for good quality is a short die filling time to avoid solidification of metal during filling.
  • a die filling time in the order of 10 '2 s x average part thickness (mm) is recommended. This is obtained by forcing the alloy through a gate with high speeds typically in the range 30-300 m/s. Plunger velocities up to 10 m/s with sufficiently large diameters are being used to obtain the desired volume flows in the shot cylinder for the short filling times needed.
  • cooling rate With die casting grain refining is obtained by the cooling rate. As mentioned above cooling rates in the range of 10-1000 °C/s is normally achieved. This typically results in grain sizes in the range of 5-100 ⁇ m.
  • the castability term describes the ability of an alloy to be cast into a final product with required functionalities and properties. It generally contains 3 categories;
  • the German Patent Application 2122148 describes alloys of the Mg-AI-RE type mainly Mg-AI-RE alloys with RE content ⁇ 3wt%, although alloys with higher RE content are discussed as well. It is known that the alloy AE42 (4% Al, 2-3% RE) offers a significant improvement in elevated temperature properties and corrosion properties. It is experienced that small RE additions to Mg-Al alloys lead to a significant improvement in corrosion properties, but a deterioration in the castability as problems with die sticking occur more frequently. In the annexed Fig. 5 there is shown the regions of excellent, poor and very poor castability in the Mg-Al-Re system.
  • the line 40 is the line indicating the solubility of RE at 680 0 C, whereas the line 41 indicates the solubility of RE at 640 0 C.
  • the region (dark) 42 represents the composition with very poor castability.
  • the region (intermediate) 43 represents the composition with poor castability and the region 44 (light) represents the compositions with excellent castability. As illustrated in Fig. 5, the castability becomes worse as the RE content of the alloy increases. However, as Fig.
  • the compositions of the present invention minimise the volume fraction of the brittle MgI 7 AIi 2 phase (The RE/AI ratio in the dispersoid phases increases with increasing %RE/%AI content in the alloy). Due to the fact that the eutectic Mg I7 AIi 2 phase melts at around 42O 0 C, the conventional Mg-Al alloys like AM50, AM60 and AZ91 will have a solidification range of nearly 200 0 C as shown in the annexed Fig. 6. Fig 6 shows the fraction solid (expressed in % by weight) on the horizontal axis versus the temperature ( 0 C) on the vertical axis for a number of alloys. The Mg-AI-RE alloys with the %RE/%AI ratios as specified in the present invention will solidify completely at around 57O 0 C, hence the solidification range is only approximately 5O 0 C.
  • Mg-Al die casting alloys improves the die castability. This is due to the fact that Mg-Al alloys have a wide solidification range, which makes them inherently difficult to cast unless a sufficiently large amount of eutectic is present at the end of solidification. This can explain the good castability of AZ91D consistent with the cooling curves shown in Fig. 6. As the Al-content is reduced to 6, 5 and 2% in AM60, AM50 and AM20, respectively, the remaining eutectic is decreasing to a level where feeding becomes difficult during the final stages of solidification which means, for thick walled parts, microporosity and even larger voids can be present.
  • the ability to feed during the final stages is less important (while alloy fluidity becomes the significant factor) since the volume shrinkage is partly taken up by thickness reduction due to shrinkage from the die walls.
  • the AE44 and AE35 alloys show very different cooling characteristics from Mg-Al alloys. The solidification interval is significantly smaller, indicating concentrated shrinkage porosity can be decreased during solidification. These alloys have good fluidity during mold filling, and can thus easily be cast into final products with less casting defects.
  • the castability of AE44 and AE35 is relatively equal to that of AZ91 D.
  • a further issue related to the narrow solidification interval is the fact that the commonly observed inverse segregation occurring in AZ91 D as well as AM alloys will not occur. This is illustrated by the fact that AE alloys with high RE contents have a shiny surface without segregations of Mg-Al eutectic phase. The surface layer solidifies during and immediately after die filling, and the temperature will rapidly decrease below the solidus temperature, thereby preventing molten metal to be forced towards the die surface when shrinkage starts. This will be beneficial to prevent reactions between the die wall and molten metal, which could lead to die sticking.
  • the surface layer having a thickness of approx. 50 ⁇ m, consists of equiaxed grains with size about 10 ⁇ m. This is a fairly small grain size, which can be explained by the rapid cooling conditions on the die wall.
  • the intermediate layer is about 100 ⁇ m thick and is extremely fine grained. The morphology is different from the former and DAS in the range of 2-4 ⁇ m is observed. The change in equilibrium melting point due to pressure may explain this observation. When the metal becomes pressurized the equilibrium melting point increases, i.e., the metal suddenly becomes undercooled.
  • the core consists of equiaxed grains of ⁇ 20 ⁇ m.
  • the solidification of the core is restricted by the heat flow out of the core to the die. Both the heat transport through the already solidified layer and the heat transfer over the casting/die interface will give a slower cooling rate than the skin and thus a coarser microstructure is formed.
  • Fig. 8 there is shown a box die (upper) part of the drawing. Micrographs of examples from node 3 (close to the gate) for alloys AM60, AM40, AE63, AE44 and AE35 as shown below. Hot cracks are observed in AM40 and AE63.
  • Fig. 8 have demonstrated that AE44 and AE35 are less susceptible to hot tearing than AM alloys. This is explained from the fairly rapid solidification of the surface layer resulting in the relatively fine grained structure as described above. Partly due to the fine grain structure and partly due to the absence of the brittle Mgi 7 Ali 2 phase this layer becomes very ductile, and is therefore able to deform when thermal strains are developing during solidifaction. A surface layer with coarser grains, as would typically appear in alloys with larger solidification interval, and/or a Mgi 7 Ali 2 rich layer, will have a much lower ductility and would tend to crack and form hot tears rather than deform.
  • Fig. 9 are SEM-BEC (Backscatter Electronic Composition) images showing the die cast microstructure of (from left to right) AE44, AE35 and AE63. While Al alone provides the solid solution strengthening, RE combines with AL forming dispersoid phases in the grain boundary regions.
  • Fig. 10 A further enlargement of the SEM-BEC-images for AE 44 is shown in Fig. 10, which also shows the lamellar structure Of AI x REy phases in AE44.
  • the dispersoid AIxREy phases in the AE alloys consist of an extremely fine lamellar structure. This structure of submicron lamellas are stiffening the grain boundaries thereby preventing creep.
  • these lamellas are not brittle (or not as brittle as the eutectic Mg-Al) as the die cast AE44 alloy experience a ductility that is similar to AE42.
  • the network (mainly AIn RE 3 ) becomes fragmented and the grain boundary regions are probably influenced by a substantial amount of eutectic Mg-Al, reducing the ductility and the creep properties.
  • AE42 there is probably also a significant amount of eutectic Mg-Al that limits the creep properties.
  • the alloy AE35 has slightly lower ductility than AE44, but still higher than AE63.
  • ductility horizontal axis
  • zone 50 comprises AM-alloys, zones 51 AE-alloys, zone 52 AZ91 -alloy and zone 53 other high temperature alloys.
  • the AE alloys of the present invention are the only die casting alloys that combine ductility and elevated temperature properties in this way, and hence offer numerous new and unexplored opportunities for constructors and designers particularly in the automotive industry.
  • the present invention therefore provides :
  • the alloy is cast in a die the temperature of which is controlled in the range of 180-340 0 C,
  • ⁇ the die is filled in a time which expressed in milliseconds is equal to the product of a number between 5 and 500 multiplied by the average part thickness expressed in millimeter,
  • RE-metals can be used as alloying element, such as e.g. Ce, La, Nd and or Pr and mixtures thereof. It is however preferred to use cerium in substantial amounts as this metal gives the best mechanical properties. Mn is added to improve the corrosion resistance but its addition is restricted due to limited solubility.
  • the aluminium content is between 2,0 and 600% by weight, more preferably between 2,60 and 4,50 % by weight.
  • the RE-content is between 3,50 and 7,00 % by weight, the upper limit being restricted by the solubility of RE in the Mg-AI-RE system as indicated in Fig.1.
  • the RE/AI ratio is larger than 0.9.
  • composition of the alloy is selected in such a way that the aluminium content is between 3,6 and 4,5 % by weight and the RE- content is between 3,6 and 4,5 % by weight, with the additional constraint that the RE/AI ratio is larger than 0,9.
  • This type of alloys can be used for applications up to 175°C while still showing excellent creep properties and tensile strength. Moreover this alloy does not show any degradation of its properties due to ageing and has a good castability.
  • the composition of the alloy is such that the aluminium content is between 2,6 and 3,5 % by weight and the RE-content is greater than 4,6 % by weight.
  • this alloy does not show any degradation of properties due to ageing.
  • the RE-metals are selected from the group cerium, lanthanum, neodymium and praseodymium.
  • the RE-metals are contributing to the ease of alloying, but also increase the corrosion resistance, the creep resistance and improve the mechanical properties.
  • the amount of lanthanum is at least 15 % by weight and more preferably at least 20 % by weight of the total content of RE-metals, Preferably the amount of lanthanum is less than 35 % by weight of the total content of RE- metals.
  • the amount of neodymium is at least 7 % by weight and more preferably at least 10 % by weight of the total content of RE-metals. Preferably the amount of neodymium is less than 20 % by weight of the total content of RE- metals.
  • the amount of praseodymium is at least 2 % by weight and more preferably at least 4 % by weight of the total content of RE-metals. Preferably the amount of praseodymium is less than 10 % by weight. Of the total content of RE-metals.
  • the amount of cerium is greater than 50 % by weight of the total content of RE-metals, preferably between 50 and 55 % by weight.
  • test bars Of each alloy purposes a number of test bars has been made to do the testing described in the following examples. The performed tests are the following :
  • Test-bars of 6 mm in accordance to ASTM have been made, and the following
  • test material is used :
  • the testing is done in accordance with ASTM E 139
  • the corrosion is tested according to ASTM 117.
  • the y-axis is representing the creep strain expressed in percentage
  • the x-axis is representing the time expressed in hours.
  • Example 4 For a number of compositions according to table 1 the stress relaxation has been defined, expressed as the remaining load versus the time. The results are shown in fig. 17, 18 and 19.
  • the y-axis is representing the remaining load expressed in percentage of initial load, whereas the x-axis is representing the time expressed in hours.
  • Example 5 For a number of compositions the corrosion properties have been defined in accordance to ASTM B117. In this test a great amount of data has been incorporated in order to define the influence of the RE-contest versus the
  • the y-axis is representing the RE-content expressed in % by weight whereas the x-axis is representing the Al-content also expressed in % by weight.
  • the border lines between the zones with different shades are representing lines of equal corrosion resistances.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
  • Mold Materials And Core Materials (AREA)

Abstract

Procédé de coulage d’alliage de magnésium consistant en 2,0 à 6,00 % en poids d’aluminium, 3,00 à 8,00 % en poids de métaux de terre rare (métaux RE), le rapport de la quantité de métaux RE à la quantité d’aluminium exprimé en % en poids étant supérieur à 0,8, au moins 40 % en poids des métaux RE étant du cérium, moins de 0,5 % en poids de manganèse, moins de 1,00 % en poids de zinc, moins de 0,01 % en poids de calcium, moins de 0,01 % en poids de strontium, et le reste étant composé de magnésium et des impuretés inévitables, le niveau d’impureté total étant inférieur à 0,1 % en poids, l’alliage étant coulé dans une filière dont la température est contrôlée dans la fourchette de 180 à 340°C, la filière étant remplie dans un temps qui exprimé en millisecondes est égal au produit d’un nombre entre 5 et 500 multiplié par l’épaisseur de pièce moyenne exprimée en millimètres, les pressions de métal statiques étant maintenues pendant le coulage entre 20 et 70 MPa et intensifiées ensuite jusqu’à 180 MPa.
EP06805766A 2005-11-10 2006-09-19 Combinaison de processus de coulage et compositions alliées produisant des pièces coulées de combinaison supérieure de propriétés de fluage à température élevée, de ductilité et de résistance à la corrosion Active EP1957221B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP06805766A EP1957221B1 (fr) 2005-11-10 2006-09-19 Combinaison de processus de coulage et compositions alliées produisant des pièces coulées de combinaison supérieure de propriétés de fluage à température élevée, de ductilité et de résistance à la corrosion
PL06805766T PL1957221T3 (pl) 2005-11-10 2006-09-19 Kombinacja sposobu odlewania i kompozycji stopów dająca części odlewnicze o udoskonalonej kombinacji cech pełzania w podwyższonych temperaturach, ciągliwości i osiągach korozyjnych

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP05077583 2005-11-10
EP06805766A EP1957221B1 (fr) 2005-11-10 2006-09-19 Combinaison de processus de coulage et compositions alliées produisant des pièces coulées de combinaison supérieure de propriétés de fluage à température élevée, de ductilité et de résistance à la corrosion
PCT/EP2006/009082 WO2007054152A1 (fr) 2005-11-10 2006-09-19 Combinaison de processus de coulage et compositions alliées produisant des pièces coulées de combinaison supérieure de propriétés de fluage à température élevée, de ductilité et de résistance à la corrosion

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1957221A1 true EP1957221A1 (fr) 2008-08-20
EP1957221B1 EP1957221B1 (fr) 2011-12-28

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ID=37546955

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EP06805766A Active EP1957221B1 (fr) 2005-11-10 2006-09-19 Combinaison de processus de coulage et compositions alliées produisant des pièces coulées de combinaison supérieure de propriétés de fluage à température élevée, de ductilité et de résistance à la corrosion

Country Status (17)

Country Link
US (1) US20090133849A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1957221B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP5290764B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR101191105B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN101528390B (fr)
AT (1) ATE538887T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2006312743B2 (fr)
BR (1) BRPI0618517B1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2627491C (fr)
EA (1) EA013656B1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2379806T3 (fr)
HR (1) HRP20120244T1 (fr)
PL (1) PL1957221T3 (fr)
PT (1) PT1957221E (fr)
RS (1) RS52267B (fr)
SI (1) SI1957221T1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2007054152A1 (fr)

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US10751793B2 (en) 2015-05-07 2020-08-25 Dead Sea Magnesium Ltd. Creep resistant, ductile magnesium alloys for die casting

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NO20063703L (no) * 2006-08-18 2008-02-19 Magontec Gmbh Magnesium stopeprosess og legeringssammensetning
CN101158002B (zh) * 2007-11-06 2011-01-12 中国科学院长春应用化学研究所 含铈、镧的ae系耐热压铸镁合金
CN102162053B (zh) * 2011-03-11 2012-07-25 闻喜县瑞格镁业有限公司 一种高强度耐热抗蠕变稀土镁合金的制备方法
EP2645351B1 (fr) 2012-03-28 2016-04-20 Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources Appareil de simulation de coulée de débris équipé d'un canal variable
KR101195409B1 (ko) 2012-04-10 2012-11-05 한국지질자원연구원 수막현상 재현형 토석류 모형시험장치
US9669459B2 (en) * 2012-10-26 2017-06-06 Ford Motor Company System and method of making a cast part
CN103469124B (zh) * 2013-09-12 2015-12-09 哈尔滨工程大学 一种原位自生Al4La晶须增强镁基复合材料及制备方法
DE202016105961U1 (de) 2016-10-24 2016-12-20 Magontec Gmbh Hochfeste und Hochduktile Magnesiumschmelzlegierung
CN106862523A (zh) * 2017-02-14 2017-06-20 山东银光钰源轻金属精密成型有限公司 一种c级轿车用铝合金结构件压铸模具
CN107052298A (zh) * 2017-02-14 2017-08-18 山东银光钰源轻金属精密成型有限公司 一种轿车车门外板铝合金压铸模具
CN109136699B (zh) * 2017-06-15 2021-07-09 比亚迪股份有限公司 高导热镁合金、逆变器壳体、逆变器及汽车
CN107604228B (zh) * 2017-08-30 2019-09-27 上海交通大学 高导热耐腐蚀压铸镁合金及其制备方法
SE544427C2 (en) * 2021-04-21 2022-05-24 Husqvarna Ab A Magnesium Alloy and a High Performance Magnesium Cylinder made from the Magnesium Alloy
WO2023159080A2 (fr) * 2022-02-15 2023-08-24 Metali Llc Procédés et systèmes de coulée sous pression à haute pression
CN114921707B (zh) * 2022-05-09 2023-04-14 苏州慧金新材料科技有限公司 一种稀土与碳化硅协同增强的镁基复合材料及其制备方法

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GB1452671A (en) 1973-10-01 1976-10-13 Nl Industries Inc Die cast magnesium alloy
EP1060817A1 (fr) 1999-06-04 2000-12-20 Mitsui Mining and Smelting Co., Ltd Procédé de moulage sous pression d'alliages de magnésium
US20030230392A1 (en) 2002-06-13 2003-12-18 Frank Czerwinski Process for injection molding semi-solid alloys
US20090090479A1 (en) 2006-08-18 2009-04-09 Magontec Gmbh Combination of casting process and alloy composition

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10751793B2 (en) 2015-05-07 2020-08-25 Dead Sea Magnesium Ltd. Creep resistant, ductile magnesium alloys for die casting

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JP5290764B2 (ja) 2013-09-18
CN101528390B (zh) 2011-06-22
EA200801268A1 (ru) 2008-10-30
PT1957221E (pt) 2012-04-03
EA013656B1 (ru) 2010-06-30
PL1957221T3 (pl) 2012-07-31
ATE538887T1 (de) 2012-01-15
BRPI0618517A2 (pt) 2011-09-06
AU2006312743A1 (en) 2007-05-18
KR20080066805A (ko) 2008-07-16
AU2006312743B2 (en) 2010-10-21
EP1957221B1 (fr) 2011-12-28
BRPI0618517B1 (pt) 2018-01-09
KR101191105B1 (ko) 2012-10-16
US20090133849A1 (en) 2009-05-28
WO2007054152A1 (fr) 2007-05-18
CA2627491C (fr) 2011-11-22
HRP20120244T1 (hr) 2012-04-30
ES2379806T3 (es) 2012-05-03
JP2009527637A (ja) 2009-07-30
CN101528390A (zh) 2009-09-09
SI1957221T1 (sl) 2012-03-30
CA2627491A1 (fr) 2007-05-18

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