EP1956915A1

EP1956915A1 - Plant protection agents and use thereof in the protection from parasites

Info

Publication number: EP1956915A1
Application number: EP06818115A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Angelika Bettina Johne; Stefan SCHÜTZ; Bernhardt Karl Weissbecker
Original assignee: Georg August Universitaet Goettingen
Current assignee: Georg August Universitaet Goettingen
Priority date: 2005-11-28
Filing date: 2006-11-28
Publication date: 2008-08-20
Also published as: DE102005056795A1; WO2007059765A1

Abstract

The invention relates to the use of behavior-modifying, preferably organic compounds having repellent, deterring and inhibitory effects for substantially reducing the infestation of woody plants, especially in chestnut (Aesculus) and acorn (Acer) varieties with parasites, especially chestnut leaf miner (Cameraria ohridella) and acorn leaf miner. The preferably organic compounds are emitted either by herbivorous arthropods and their accompanying microorganisms or by infested leaves of the horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) and can be obtained from the same.

Description

Plant protection products and their use in the defense against pests

Description:

The invention relates to the field of biotechnological crop protection by behavior modification of herbivorous arthropods. Particular emphasis is placed on a repellent, deterrent and inhibitory effect of organic compounds during the host-finding, host-selection and egg-laying process. These compounds are either from herbivorous arthropods or the herbivorous arthropods accompanying microorganisms, the pests, or from the affected plant organs, such as those of the horse chestnut {Aesculus hippocastanum), emitted. Thus, the infestation of pests, especially the chestnut leafminer (Cameraria ohridella) or maple leaf moth Celeoptilia rufipennella, on plants, especially on chestnut (Aesculus) and maple (Acer) species should be greatly reduced. The present invention is directed to the use of compositions comprising compounds for the protection of woody plants, such as those of the genus Aesculus and Acer, for the defense against pests, and to corresponding crop protection agents. The compounds are e.g. from herbivorous arthropods infected plant organs of the above plant species, such as extracts of these plant organs. In particular, the compounds are volatile compounds which are emitted by the herbivorous arthropods accompanying microorganisms or by the plant organs in case of infestation. Furthermore, the invention relates to the use of certain organic compounds as pesticides with repellent, deterrent and / or inhibitory effect on the pests and attractant for these pests.

State of the art

The chestnut miner moth is a small butterfly that was first discovered and described in the early '50s by a mass occurrence in Macedonia. The larvae of this insect develop in the leaf tissue of chestnut (Aesculus) and maple (Acer) species, the leaf tissue of a whole Treetop can be completely destroyed. In particular, the white-flowered horse chestnut, Aesculus hippocastanum, can lose its leaves in summer due to high infestation. As the horse chestnut as a popular park and city tree shapes the image of many cities, entire streets may appear bald in July. In addition to the chestnut leafminer, which in turn is accompanied by microorganisms living in the mines, such as fungi and bacteria, other herbivorous arthropods (eg tripes, lice, mites) and other microorganisms (pathogenic or non-pathogenic) can co-occur on the same leaf and in Compete with each other. Another example is the Maple Mining Moth, which is now increasingly occurring in North America and causing great damage there. Other spinners and moths are described in the literature, which can sometimes cause great damage to plant species.

Previous control strategies against herbivorous pests, such as the horse chestnut miner moth, have proved to be unsatisfactory. The

Search for the home and thus effective opponents remained in the state of

Technique unsuccessful. Chemical control strategies such as the application of

Insecticides (eg, diflubenzuron, imidacloprid) by means of e.g. Soil application,

High pressure syringes or stem injections are very expensive and impractical for cities and communities. In addition, for example, trees can be seriously injured during injections and die from secondary infections.

The female sex pheromone of the chestnut miner moth has been described in WO 01/00553 and can serve as a lure for catching male moths. The sexual pheromone is suitable for monitoring the insect (hatching times, spreading, etc.) but not for controlling it, since only the male animals are caught. However, the females actually cause the actual damage to the trees due to the oviposition and the resulting hatching larvae. Furthermore, at least one plant substance of the genus Aesculus has been described as an attractant for chestnut pests in European Patent Application EP 1 285 580. The compounds and methods described in the prior art for controlling the pests, in particular the chestnuts miner moth and Mapleminiermotte, in plants of the genera Aesculus and Acer based on the fact that attracted by attractants, the pests in mass traps and killed there by suitable means become.

The prior art does not disclose compounds, especially organic compounds, which can be used alone or in combination with repellant, deterrent or inhibitory activity against the horse chestnut leafminer and other pest living on Aesculus and> 4cer species. That is, there is no description of agents, particularly agents, comprising compounds produced and delivered by herbivorous arthropod-infested plants or by the microorganisms accompanying the herbivorous arthropods, which are capable of repelling or repelling the pests of the plants Planting so that they are affected by the plants in a reduced and biocompatible extent of the pests.

The object of the present invention is to provide compositions which exhibit a repellent, deterrent or inhibitory action against pests of woody plants, in particular of plants of the genera Aesculus and Acer. In particular, the oviposition by pests of the order Leptidoptera, such as the Kastanienminiermotte and Maple Moth, is to be reduced by the inventive use of the compositions comprising said compounds and especially of the specifically mentioned organic compounds in a biocompatible manner.

Description of the invention

The present invention relates to the use of compositions comprising one or more compounds obtainable from herbaceous arthropod-infested plant organs of a species of the genus Aesculus as a behavior-modifying compound (s) having repellent, deterrent or inhibitory effect on host plant selection, host plant selection and Oviposition of pests, especially on Acer and Aesculus species, for the prevention and / or control of infestation with herbivorous arthropods.

In the present invention, "pests" are understood to mean all kinds of herbivorous arthropods (insects, including moths and moths, eg, also lice, mites, thrips) attached to plants, in particular to yacer and aesculus plants Amygdaloidae, such as the genus Prunus and especially the species Prunus spinosa, are preferred The pests are preferably those of the order Lepidoptera, such as the genus Gracillariidae and Lymantriidae. In a preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to the use of the preferably organic Compounds for controlling the horse chestnut leafminer or the maple leafminer as a pest of the above-mentioned plant genera Acer and Aesculus.

The genera> Acer and Aesculus are species that are distributed throughout the northern hemisphere. Due to the climatic compatibility and aesthetic beauty, the trees are preferably planted in cities, as well as used for wood industry. Species include: Aesculus hippocastanum, Aesculus glabra, Aseculus mississippiensis, Aesculus plantierensis, Aesculus aurbinata, Aesculus dallimorei, Acer platanoides and Acer pseudoplatanus.

In the present invention, the term "compound (s)" chemical compounds summarized on the one hand by microorganisms, such as the pathogenic fungi (eg Guignardia aesculi, Erysiphe flexuosa) or the eggs and larvae or their accompanying microflora and fauna itself produces On the other hand, this term encompasses all compounds which are produced by the plants, such as the horse chestnut, even when attacked by herbivorous arthropods or microorganisms and are emitted, if desired.A connection according to the invention can be used alone or in combination with further compounds can. The compounds which can be used according to the invention, such as the organic compounds, can be present in extracts of the plant organs and are correspondingly emitted from the extracts. Alternatively, the compounds specifically mentioned herein may also be used as commercially available products alone or as mixtures according to the invention. Extracts are mixtures of different compounds obtained by extraction with extractants. The extract may be in liquid or solid form. The skilled worker is aware of suitable solvents. Preferred are organic solvents or water to obtain an extract of preferably organic volatile compounds. In its simplest form, the plant organs are comminuted and optionally mixed with water. For this purpose, for example, heavily with herbivorous arthropods such as their larvae, and / or other microorganisms infested leaves with a mixer (eg kitchen mixer) crushed. If necessary, water can be added to the mixture. The resulting slurry can be used as a behavior modifying formulation. Of course, extracts of various plant organs and / or extracts of plant organs of different plants of the same species or different species can be used.

As solvents for the extracts obtained or when using pure synthetically prepared compounds, suitable, preferably organic solvents can be used. By way of example, paraffin oil may be mentioned here when using synthetic pure substances or water in the preparation of an extract.

In the context of the present invention, "behavior-modifying compounds" are understood to mean compounds, preferably organic compounds, which have a repellent, deterrent and / or inhibitory effect on oviposition and infestation by the herbivorous arthropod pests, in particular by the chestnut leafminer or maple moth.

The terms "repellent effect", "deterrent (deterrent) effect" and "inhibitory effect" are well known to the person skilled in the art. As used herein, the term "woody plants" means plants and shrubs that are perennial and have a woody shoot axis, in contrast to "herbaceous" plants, which are mostly annual and have no woody shoot axis.

The term "plant organ" as used herein means any part of a plant such as bark, leaves, stemwood, branch with leaves, roots, etc., with leaves being preferred, or several different plant organs or plant organs of more than one Plant to be used.

It has been found in the context of the invention that in particular the oviposition of Lepidoptera, such as horse chestnut leafminer, Maple Moth or Schlehenbürstenspinner, on leaves of horse chestnut by using the compounds of the invention, in particular compositions containing at least one of the compounds specifically mentioned below, can be reduced.

For use, an organic compound may come alone or in combination with others at the same time, wherein different concentrations and concentration ratios may be used. Suitable concentrations can be readily determined by one skilled in the art. The organic compounds used can be produced synthetically or obtained from the extract of herbivorous arthropods, in particular with their larvae of infected leaves. These leaves may be contemporaneous with other microorganisms accompanying the larvae or eggs, such as fungi and bacteria.

As a possibility for the composition according to the invention, a mixture of synthetically produced compounds has been found, since these have a high degree of purity (> 95%), can be diluted as needed and are commercially available. For example, linear, branched or cyclic alcohols, aldehydes and / or ketones whose partial vapor pressures at 20 ⁰ C are preferably between 0.0002 mbar and 80 mbar, preferably the following organic compounds alone or in combination as a biological behavior modifying active compounds having a deterrent, quenching or inhibitory effect are used: benzyl alcohol, (E) / (Z) -linalool oxide (furanoid), 1,8-cineole, cis-3-hexenyl n-hexanoate, 1-hexanol, decanal , alpha-humulene, (Z) jasmon, diacetyl hexyl ester, 2-ethylm-hexanol, (Z) -3-hexen-1-ol, (E) -butanoic 2-hexenyl ester.

The compounds which can be used according to the invention can either be prepared by the herbivorous arthropods, such as their larvae themselves and microorganisms accompanying herbivorous arthropods, and optionally emitted by these or the compounds can be produced by the plant organs after oviposition and / or by larval feeding and, if appropriate, emitted. Alternatively, the compounds so identified may be used as commercially available isolated or synthetically prepared compounds. The plant organs are particularly preferably derived from damaged B. spaces in which the larvae in the late larval stages are L4 and L5. Of course, the compounds of the invention may also be partially obtainable from larvae-minced plant parts in which the larvae are in the early larval stages L1 to L3. A definition of larval stages is found, for example, in Pschorn-Walcher, 1994, Linzer Biological Contributions, 26: 633-642, and is well known to those skilled in the art.

The preferred organic compounds may be mixed in use with other compounds, such as acceptable carriers, diluents, etc., into a composition, such as a formulation. Formulation is understood to mean the preparation of a plant protection product which, in addition to the behavior-modifying compounds, also contains numerous other accompanying compounds, such as e.g. Adhesives, wetting agents, solvents and. v. a. may include.

The preferred organic compounds may be applied to carrier surfaces (eg, sprayed on) or used in conjunction with a dispenser (capsule) or microcapsules. In the treatment of trees, the behavior-modifying formulation should be applied directly to the foliage of a tree on a suitable surface, such as cellulose fibers or polyester. Also, a dispenser or microcapsules with the organic compounds should be applied directly to the branches and leaves.

By "carrier surfaces" is meant all surfaces which can be wetted with behavior-modifying active compounds such as: repellents and their formulations (eg discs prepared for this purpose) The organic compounds or their formulations can be applied to the entire surface or only on parts.

A dispenser (capsule) has the advantage that the behavior-modifying effect of the preferably organic compounds over the entire flight period of a generation can act and thus eliminates a regular renewal. The dispenser has a membrane that controls the delivery of volatile compounds. A dispenser may be formed, for example, as described in US 5,308,613. A further preferred embodiment is microcapsules. These different types of capsules, dispensers or microcapsules allow a targeted and uniform delivery of the compounds.

It is important that the surface or dispenser used does not affect the organic compounds in their behavior-modifying effect in an undesirable manner. The dispensers or microcapsules are in or near the tree or near the tree during the time of flight of the generations, e.g. directly in the foliage on branches, to install.

In a further embodiment according to the invention, the compositions, such as the formulations, are applied directly to the plants, for example to the foliage and / or the stem. The person skilled in the art is familiar with suitable methods of applying the compositions. But is preferred Use with a carrier material to prevent any damage to the leaves by the compounds themselves.

With the aid of the present invention, the infestation of the respective woody plants, in particular the species of the genera Aesculus and Acer of the family Sapindaceae but also the family Amygdaloidae, by pests, preferably by the family Gracillardiidae, such as the Kastanienminiermotte or Maple Moth, or the family Lymantriidae, like the sloe brush moth, reduced, prevented or inhibited. The organic compounds or formulations described herein cause the pests to "kick off" the foliage of the tree. Since mating occurs directly in the trees (on the stem, on the leaves), the search for sexual partners is through the use of compositions containing preferably organic compounds as the formulations, and reduces the number of fertilized females.

Without the use of xenobiotic (non-natural) agents, e.g. the browning of the treetops of Aesculus and / Acer species, in particular that of the horse chestnut (A. hippocastanum), is halted.

The application time should e.g. best during the pest generation of the pest, such as the chestnuts miner moth. The necessary concentration is easily determinable by the person skilled in the art.

Particularly effective is the combined use of the organic compounds described herein to protect the tree with the pheromone and / or attractant of the insect for diversion and mass capture via a "push and pull" method Pheromone and / or attractant traps are not only repelled from the tree, but also lured away and captured, with the repellents, deterrents, or inhibitors acting directly on / in the tree to repel the insects (" At the same time, the pheromone and / or attractant traps should be placed separately from, but in the vicinity of, the tree Using insect regulators in the attracting traps, the animals can be killed or rendered harmless, and using insect regulators in the attracting traps, the animals can be killed or rendered harmless.

By insect regulators is meant herein that commercially available insecticides are used which kill the animals.

In a further embodiment, the present invention relates to the use of compositions comprising certain compounds as attractants of

Pests on plants, such as Acer and Aesculus species. These substances are volatile organic compounds that are herbicidal

Arthropods, as with their eggs and larvae minierten plant organs of a kind of

Genus Aesculus are available. Particularly preferred are the following compounds: linalool, (E / E) -2,4-hexadienal, (E) 4,8-dimethylnona 1, 3,7-triene,

Butansäurehexylester and Ocimen.

According to the invention, a combined use of one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of benzyl alcohol, (E) / (Z) -linalool oxide (furanoid), 1, 8-cineole, n-valeric acid cis-3-hexenyl ester, alpha-humulene, ( Z) Jasmon, 1-hexanol, hexahydric acid, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, decanal, (Z) -3-hexen-1-ol, (E) -butanoic 2-hexenyl ester with repellent, quenching and / or inhibitory action Host plant identification, host plant selection and oviposition of herbivorous pests on plants, especially on Acer and Aesculus species, and one or more compounds of linalool, (E / E) -2-4-hexadienal, ocime, (E) 4,8 dimethylnona 1, 3,7-triene or butanoic acid hexyl ester as attractant (s) of herbivorous pests on plants, in particular on Acer and Aesculus species, for the prevention and / or control of infestation with herbivorous pests. Preferably, the pest is Cameraria ohridella or Celeoptilia rufipennella.

The invention further relates to pesticides suitable as agents against herbivorous pests of woody plants, such as Acer and Aesculus species, in particular for the control of Cameraria ohridella or Celeoptilia rufipennella, the at least one attractant selected from the group linalool, (E / E) -2-4-hexadienal Ocimen, (E) 4,8 dimethylnona 1, 3,7-triene or butanoic acid hexyl ester and / or at least one behavior-modifying compound having repellent, deterrent and / or inhibitory effect on host plant identification, host plant selection and oviposition of herbivorous pests on plants such as Acer and Aesculus species selected from the group consisting of benzyl alcohol, [B] I [Z) -linaooloxide , 1, 8-cineole, cis-3-hexenyl-n-valerate, alpha-humulene, (Z) jasmon, 1-hexanol, hexylacetate, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, decanal, (Z) -3-hexene-1 ol, (E) -butanoic 2-hexenyl ester.

The invention also relates to the use of several compounds with repellent, deterrent and / or inhibitory effect in the form of a mixture and the use of several attractants in the form of a mixture. In a mixture, the repellant, quenching and / or inhibitory effect, as well as the attraction, of the individual compounds can increase, as Reinecke et al., 2006, J. Applied Entomolgy 130: 171-176 has shown. In this case, compounds with repellent, deterrent and / or inhibitory effect should be mixed separately from the attractants. They are used separately in the push and pull process.

The formulation of the crop protection agent may be a common formulation in the art. The at least one attractant is preferably formulated with suitable carriers as one component and the at least one behavior-modifying compound with repellent, deterrent and / or inhibitory effect on host plant identification, host plant selection and oviposition of herbivorous pests on plants, such as Acer and Aesculus species suitable carriers formulated as a second component.

Finally, the present invention relates to methods of protection against attack by woody plants, such as Acer and Aesculus species, by herbivore pest, in particular for the protection against attack of Aesculus hippocastanum by Cameraria ohridella, in which the above-mentioned compounds with repellent, deterring and / or inhibitory action or a device containing these compounds or a dispenser near the plant, preferably directly attached to the plant, in particular in the treetop at and / or in the foliage.

In the combined use of compounds having repellent, deterrent and / or inhibitory action and attractants, the method according to the invention furthermore comprises the step of applying or attracting the aforementioned attractants or the use of a device or dispenser containing these compounds in the vicinity of respective plant, preferably around the trunk.

Preference is given to the herbivorous arthropods that have affected the plant organs, identical to the herbivorous pests to be controlled. For example, are used with plant organs infested with leafminer larvae to identify and obtain the active compounds, and these compounds are then used to protect or control infestation with this leafminer. Of course, the compound actually used may also be used as a synthetic, commercially available compound after identification.

Brief description of the illustrations

Figure 1: Figure 1 shows the landing behavior of adult animals on differently affected leaves of A. hippocastanum in Two Choice

Test 1 identifies leaves with infestations of larvae in stages L1 to

L3, 2 features healthy leaves, 3 features browned leaves with larval infestation in the late stages L4 and L5.

FIG. 2: FIG. 2 shows the percentage of deposited eggs on leaves of A. hippocastanum in the Two Choice Test when treated with various organic compounds. SUB means: leaves treated with compound In Figs. 1 and 2, ns are not significant and significant, p <0.001

The present invention will now be explained in more detail by means of examples without limiting the invention thereto.

Examples:

1. Obtaining the organic compounds from the fragrance mixture of larvae of Cameraria ohridella minierten leaves

Sampling was carried out using the CLSA method (Closed Stripping Analysis, Bohland, W., et al., 1984, In: Schreier, P. (ed.), Analysis of volatiles (pp. 371-380), Walter de Gruyter , Berlin). For each perfume sample, 5 leaves of A. hippocastanum were placed in a 250 ml ground glass flask and sealed with a Teflon stopper. On the one hand the leaves were healthy, on the other hand they were minated with larvae in different stages. In total, over 75 fragrance samples were taken at various locations in Göttingen, Germany. The Teflon stoppers had continuous stainless steel capillaries, which were connected to a miniature pump (Fa. Fürgut, Tannheim) and an adsorption trap in a closed circuit. Sampling took place for 45 min at an air flow of about 1 l / min. The organic compounds were collected on special activated carbon traps (1.5 mg activated carbon, CLSA filter, Daumazan sur Arize, France). The elution was carried out with 50 .mu.l of a mixture of 2 parts of dichloromethane and 1 part of methanol (Suprasolv quality, Merck / VWR, Darmstadt).

2. Analysis of organic compounds and their olfactory perception by the insect

To analyze the fragrance samples, a gas chromatograph (GC) with parallel detection by mass spectroscopy (MS) and electroantennography (EAD) was used (Weissbecker et al., 2004, Journal of Chromatography 1056: 209-216). The GC-MS / EAD system consisted of a gas chromatograph (GC) 6890N and a mass spectrometer (MS) 5973N (both from Agilent, Waldbronn) together. The GC was equipped with a SpliWSplitless injector and a DB-5 separation column (30 m, 0.25 mm ID, 0.25 μm film thickness). Each of the samples was injected 1 μl splitless and operated the GC with a temperature program (start: 50 ⁰ C, hold for 1.5 min, 7.5 ° C / min to 200 ⁰ C, hold for 5 min, running time 26.5 min ). The coupling to the electroantennographic detection was carried out via a modified ODP-2 interface (Olfactory Detector Port, Fa. Gerstel, Mülheim). Separate insect antennas were used in a modified antenna holder according to Sauer et al. (Sauer, AE, et al., 1992, Chemical Senses 17, 543-553) via a Ringer's solution (Kaissling, KE, Thorson J., 1980, In: Satelle, DB, Hall, LM & Hildebrand, JG (eds , Receptors for neurotransmitters, hormones and pheromones in insects, Elsevier / North-Hoiland Biomedical Press, 261-282) with Ag / AgCl electrodes. A special EAG amplifier (Prof. Koch, Kaiserslautem) reinforced (factor 100) the derived potentials. Signals were fed and recorded via a ChemStation software 35900E A / D converter (both from Agilent, Waldbronn).

Identification of the olfactively active organic compounds was achieved through a mass spectral database of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST, Gaithersburg, USA) and the MassFinder 3.0 software together with the database "Terpenoids and Related Constituents of Essential Oils" (Hochmuth, König, Joulain , Hamburg, Germany) and in comparison with pure substances Some of the organic compounds identified are listed in Table 1.

Table 1: Some of the identified organic compounds from larvae-minced or unconfined foliage of Aesculus hippocastanum (Hippocastanaceae). The analysis of the compounds was carried out by the GC-MS / EAD method.

3. Testing of the individual organic compounds on the insect antenna

The identified organic compounds were used in the following experiment as commercially available pure substances and tested in the form of a dilution series of C. ohridella insect antennae. This allowed the olfactory activity of the substances to be determined more accurately. The dilution (concentration: 1 ^• 10 ⁷ 1 -10 ^6; 10 1 ^■ ^"5; 1-10 ⁴ 1 ^{-10" 3} 1 -10 ^"2) of the organic compounds was carried out with paraffin oil (Uvasol-quality, Merck Small pieces of filter paper (2 cm ² ) were wetted with 100 μl of the respective concentration and then placed in a 10 ml glass syringe In the syringe, the organic compound accumulated in the air volume, the concentration in the air volume of the syringe being proportional When 5 ml of this air is blown over the insect antenna, a reproducible pulse can be elicited (Schütz S., et al., 1999, Biosensors & Bioelectronics 14: 221-228) were measured by manual injection via the insect antenna in [mV]. The results of some compounds are shown in Table 2.

Table 2: Insect antenna response to single organic compounds in [mV]. A total of 10 dilution series were tested on antennas of at least 3 different insects for each organic compound. (MW = mean, Stabw = standard deviation)

4. Behavioral test for browning and oviposition in the laboratory

To investigate the effect of foliar tanning on landing rate and the influence of each compound on oviposition, Two Choice tests were performed. In these tests, the moths had the opportunity to decide between two variants. In our case, this was 1. between two chestnut leaves, differently colored by larval activity, and 2. between two chestnut branches treated with either the organic compound dissolved in paraffin oil or only paraffin oil (control).

For Two Choice tests, seedlings were used whose leaf development in the cold room (5 ° C) could be delayed by 3 months. The leaves were not affected. Furthermore, 10 weeks after cessation of leaf development and

Larval infestation (stages L1 to L3) branches of trees taken with the

Insecticide Confidor WG 70 (active substance 700g / kg imidacloprid) over soil application

(0.28g / cm diameter of the tree, DBH) were treated. In order to exclude position differences within a tree, those came for an attempt taken equal branches from the same branch. In these leaves, the larvae died from insecticidal treatment after drilling into the leaf tissue. Finally, branches with strongly browned leaves were used. The browning was caused by the mining activity of the older larval stages L4 and L5.

In the Two Choice test, two branches were placed in water jars or potted seedlings in a cage (200x100x130 cm). The cage was made of glass and a tight mesh. The room in which the cage was located was darkened, without air movement with 29 ⁰ C and 45% humidity and lighting (1 klx) from above. In order to determine the number of landings on the leaves in comparison, 200 miniature moths were released in groups of a 20 animals in the middle of the cage. After a 20 minute orientation period, all insects that landed on the plants were counted. The results are shown in FIG. The differences in landing behavior are clearly visible in comparison. Particularly in the branches with larvae in the L4 or L5 stage, the number of landings is significantly reduced.

In another Two Choice test, two branches without necrosis or other damage were removed from A. hippocastanum treated with Confidor WG 70 (active substance 700 g / kg imidacloprid) via soil application (0.28 g / cm DBH). In order to exclude position differences within a tree, the extracted equal-sized branches came from the same branch.

On each finger blade, a piece of filter paper was attached with a steel needle, covering 30-50% of the leaf surface. The filter paper pieces of one branch were wetted with paraffin oil to serve as a control, the other with a dilution of the organic compound in paraffin oil (1 -10 ^-3 )., Thus, the fragrance pattern of a healthy leaf was tested with the organic compound to be tested Fresh dilution and paraffin oil was applied every 12 hours (control, 1-hexanol, linalool, 1,8-cineole, benzyl alcohol, 2-phenylethanol, methyl salicylate, (E) -β-caryophyllene, (E / E) -alpha-Famesen , (E) -4,8, dimethylnona-1,3,7-triene, tridecane, butanoic acid hexyl ester, methyl salicylate, (E) / (Z) linalooloxide (furanoid), n-valeric acid, 3-hexenyl acetate, alpha-humulen, ocimene, (Z) -jasmon, 2-ethyl-hexan-1-ol; (Z) -3-hexen-1-ol; hexyl acetate; (E) -butanoic acid-2-hexenyl ester and (E, E) -2,4-hexadienal) or 6 hours (decanal, nonanal, benzaldehyde). The branches were housed in a top-lit (1 klx) cage (180x75x75 cm) and placed in glass jars (5 liters) at a distance of 120 cm. The cage was made of glass and a tight mesh. The room in which the cage was located was darkened, with no air movement at 26 ⁰ C and 50% humidity.

At the beginning of the experiment, 250 moths were released in the middle of the cage, which had been caught outdoors the day before.

After 24 hours (decanal, nonanal) or 48 hours (the other compounds tested), the freshly deposited eggs were counted. With the aid of the chiquadrate test (α = 0.05) and Statistica 6.1 the number of deposited eggs was statistically evaluated. This showed a highly significant behavior-modifying effect of the individual compounds. Some results are shown in Figure 2 and Table 3.

Table 3: Selected oviposition test results.

The absolute number of freshly deposited eggs is shown on control leaves (paraffin oil only) and Aesculus hippocastanum leaves treated with the organic compound (concentration 1 - 10 ^"3 in paraffin oil) All tested compounds showed a highly significant behavior modifying effect (chi ² test) A result is significant when p ≤ 0.05.

Table 4 shows the properties found in the experiment for some of the compounds investigated. This means attractive that the oviposition was increased. This compound thus represents an attractant for the female miner moth. With the attribute repellent compounds are referred to, which have led to a reduced oviposition. With no effect, compounds are characterized in which no great difference was observed in the oviposition control.

Table 4: Properties of some organic compounds emitted by A. hippocastanum leafy leaves of C. ohridellea

An analogous Two Choice test with browned leaves of blackthorn (Prunus spinosa) and green leaves of blackthorn revealed a highly significant behavior-modifying effect of the fragrance of browned leaves on males of Orgyia antiqua. Cured leaves were significantly less frequently used (Chiquadrate tests, α = 0.05, P = 0.001). Also tanned leaves of Acer platanoides release substances from Tables 3 and 4 and show markedly reduced approach of C. ohridella.

The results show that treatment of the trees of the genera Acer and Aesculus as described in the present description leads to a reduction of infestation by pests. In particular, the browning of the horse chestnut is stopped. The compounds emitted by minated leaves and mentioned above can also serve to attract parasitoids. Parasitoids are natural enemies of the miner moth, which lay their eggs on or in the larvae of herbivorous arthropods, such as the miner moth. These parasitoids feed on the larvae in their larval status, such as the larvae of the leafminer, and then kill them. This can be a biological control of herbivorous arthropods by the parasitization rate can be increased.

5. Behavior test for browning and oviposition in the field

In a first field trial on 15.04., 05.05., 16.04. and 30.06.2006 3 perforated square bottles (500 ml) per horse chestnut evenly distributed in the lower crown area with 50 ml paraffin oil or organic compound (in the case (E) / (Z) linalool oxide) dissolved in paraffin oil (concentration 103). Each horse chestnut A. hippocastanum was treated either with paraffin oil (control trees) or the organic compound (treated trees). The trees grew in the form of an avenue in the city of Regensburg. Control trees and treated trees alternated on each side of the avenue. The avenue sides were evaluated separately for the flight time of the first generation, because on the left side of the lake due to different wind conditions more foliage remained lying than on the right side. The infestation pressure of the first generation was thus higher on the left side, as the pupae of the chestnut leafminer overwinter here many times in the leaves of the chestnut trees. For the second generation of moths, the avenue sides were evaluated together, as the moths of this generation must actively search for free oviposition sites in case of advanced browning. Falling foliage accumulation plays no role in the second generation. For evaluation was on 17.06. noted the browning of the trees and on 18.01. the Eggs of the second generation on 7 leaves per horse chestnut (each the largest of a leaflet) counted. The treated trees showed a decrease in browning as well as a reduction in oviposition (Table 5 and 6). Initial successes could be recorded with the organic compounds described in the patent.

Table 5: Results of browning after 1st generation flight time on 17 June 2006

Table 6: Oviposition of the second generation on August 01, 2006. The mean value of the extracted 7 leaflets per tree is given

Claims

claims:

Use of a composition comprising one or more compound (s) obtainable from herbivorous arthropod-infested plant organs of a species of the genus Aesculus as behavior-modifying

Compound (s) with repellent, deterrent and / or inhibitory effect on host plant identification, host plant selection and oviposition of herbivorous pests on woody plants for the prevention and / or control of infestation with herbivorous arthropods.

Use according to claim 1, wherein the plants are Acer and Aesculus species.

3. Use according to any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the herbivorous arthropods are larvae of these herbivorous arthropods.

4. Use according to claim 3, characterized in that the larvae are larvae of the species Cameraria, in particular the pest Cameraria ohridella or Celeoptilia rufipennella.

5. Use according to one of claims 3 or 4, characterized in that the larvae are in the late larval stages L4 and / or L5.

6. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the compounds comprise organic compounds.

7. Use according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the organic compounds comprise volatile organic compounds,

8. Use according to claim 7, characterized in that the volatile organic compounds partial vapor pressures at 20 ⁰ C between 0.0002 mbar and 80 mbar.

9. Use according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the compounds comprises at least one organic compound selected from the group of linear, branched or cyclic alcohols, aldehydes and / or ketones.

10. Use according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the compound (s) with repellent, quenching and / or inhibitory effect one or more compounds selected from the group of benzyl alcohol, (E) / (Z) -Linalooloxid ( furanoid), decanal, 1,8-cineole, 1-hexanol, cis-3-hexenyl n-valerate, alpha-humulene, hexyl acetate, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, (Z) -3-hexene-1 -ol, (E) -butanoic acid 2-hexenyl ester and (Z) Jasmon.

11. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the compounds emitted by herbivorous arthropods leaves of a species of the genus Aesculus or their accompanying microorganisms are produced.

12. Use according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the species of the genus Aesculus, Aesculus hippocastanum is.

Use according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the composition (s) comprise further constituents such as diluents and acceptable carriers.

14. Use according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the compositions are applied to suitable surfaces, in particular cellulose fibers, natural or synthetic polyester.

15. Use according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the compounds in spatially separate combination with attractants, in particular with pheromones, and insect regulators is applied.

16. Use of a composition comprising one or more compound (s) obtainable from herbicidal arthropod-infested plant organs of a species of the genus Aesculus as a behavior-modifying compound (s) as attractant (s) of herbivorous pests on woody plants, characterized in that Compound (s) at least one

Compound selected from the group linalool, (E / E) -2-4-hexadienal, (E) 4,8 dimethylnona 1, 3,7-triene, Butansäurehexylester and Ocimen comprises.

17. Use of a combination of one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of benzyl alcohol, (E) / (Z) -linalooloxide (furanoid), 1, 8-

Cineole, n-valeric acid cis-3-hexenyl ester, alpha-humulene, (Z) jasmon, 1-hexanol, hexyl acetate, 2-ethylm-hexanol, decanal, (Z) -3-hexen-1-ol, (E) -Butansäure-2-hexenylester with repellenter, deterrent and / or inhibitory effect on host plant identification, host plant selection and oviposition of herbivorous pests on woody plants, such as Acer- and

Aesculus species, and one or more compounds of linalool, (E / E) -2,4-hexadienal, ocimen, (E) 4,8 dimethylnona 1, 3,7-triene or butanoic acid hexyl ester as attractant (s) of herbivorous pests woody plants, such as Acer and Aesculus species for the prevention and / or control of infestation with herbivorous arthropods.

18. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the pest is Cameraria ohridella or Celeoptilia rufipennella.

19. Plant protection agents suitable as agents against herbivore pests of woody plants, in particular of Acer and Aesculus species, comprising a composition containing at least one attractant selected from the group linalool, (E / E) -2,4-hexadienal, Ocimen, (E. ) 4,8 dimethylnona 1, 3,7-triene or butanoic acid hexyl ester and / or at least one composition containing behavior-modifying compound (s) having repellent, deterrent and / or inhibitory effect on host plant identification, host plant selection and oviposition of herbivorous pests on woody plants, in particular Acer and Aesculus species selected from the Benzyl alcohol group, (E) / (Z) -linalooloxide (furanoid), 1,8-cineole, n-cis-3-hexenyl-valerate, alpha-humulene, (Z) jasmon, 1-hexanol, hexyl acetate, 2- Ethyl 1-hexanol, decanal, (Z) -3-hexen-1-ol, (E) - butanoic 2-hexenyl ester.

20. Plant protection product according to claim 19, characterized in that the at least one attractant with suitable carriers is present as a component and the at least one behavior-modifying compound with repellent, deterrent and / or inhibitory effect on host plant identification, selection of host plants and oviposition of herbivorous pests on woody

Plants, especially on Acer and Aesculus species, with suitable carriers as a second component.

21. Plant protection product according to one of claims 19 or 20 against the pest Cameraria ohridella or Celeoptilia rufipennella.

22. Device for repelling herbivorous pests, in particular Cameraria ohridella, characterized in that it comprises a carrier on which the compounds according to one of claims 1 to 10 or 15 are applied.

23. Dispenser for the controlled release of compounds according to one of claims 1 to 10 or 15.

24. microcapsule for the controlled release of compounds according to any one of claims 1 to 10 or 15.

25. A method for protecting woody plants, in particular of Acer and Aesculus species from infestation by herbivore pests, in particular for the protection against attack of Aesculus hippocastanum by Cameraria ohridella, characterized in that the (a) compound (s), as in Claims 1 to 10, or a device according to claim 22, a dispenser according to claim 23 or a microcapsule according to claim 24, which Compound (s) as defined in claims 1 to 10, near the plant, are preferably applied directly to the plant, in particular in the treetop at and / or in the foliage.

26. The method according to claim 26, further comprising applying compounds as defined in claim 15, or a device according to claim 22, a dispenser according to claim 23 or a microcapsule according to claim 24, the compounds as in claim 15, in the vicinity of the particular plant, preferably around the stem.