EP1954427A1 - Adjusting the mode of electromagnetic stirring over the height of a continuous casting mould - Google Patents

Adjusting the mode of electromagnetic stirring over the height of a continuous casting mould

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Publication number
EP1954427A1
EP1954427A1 EP06820242A EP06820242A EP1954427A1 EP 1954427 A1 EP1954427 A1 EP 1954427A1 EP 06820242 A EP06820242 A EP 06820242A EP 06820242 A EP06820242 A EP 06820242A EP 1954427 A1 EP1954427 A1 EP 1954427A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
inductors
mold
nozzle
magnetic field
casting
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP06820242A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1954427B1 (en
Inventor
Siebo Kunstreich
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rotelec SA
Original Assignee
Rotelec SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rotelec SA filed Critical Rotelec SA
Publication of EP1954427A1 publication Critical patent/EP1954427A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1954427B1 publication Critical patent/EP1954427B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
    • B22D11/11—Treating the molten metal
    • B22D11/114—Treating the molten metal by using agitating or vibrating means
    • B22D11/115—Treating the molten metal by using agitating or vibrating means by using magnetic fields
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/16—Controlling or regulating processes or operations
    • B22D11/18—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for pouring
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/16—Controlling or regulating processes or operations
    • B22D11/20—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for removing cast stock

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the continuous casting of flat metal products, in particular steel. More particularly, the invention relates to the management of the circulation movements of the liquid metal cast in the casting mold by implementing electromagnetic forces in order to improve the quality of the cast products and / or the productivity of the castings. the casting installation.
  • flat products are understood to mean slabs, bramettes, thin slabs ... or any other "elongated" cross-sectional format, that is to say the width of which is at least twice that of thickness.
  • the ingot molds with which the flat products are cast conventionally comprise two large faces (or walls) of copper or copper alloy, vigorously cooled by circulation of water at their contact, and disposed opposite each other to a distance defining the thickness of the cast product. These full face walls are completed at the end by two small side walls so as to form a sealed casting space reproducing the desired rectangular section.
  • a cooling system of the walls, including water chambers and cooling channels, is provided to ensure, via these walls, a heat extraction out of the cast metal sufficient.
  • the free surface of the metal cast in the mold (surface which will be designated later by the term "meniscus”, commonly accepted for convenience of language) is generally covered by a slag cover.
  • the casting is then carried out using a submerged nozzle, plunging a few tens of centimeters below the meniscus in the mold, and provided at its outlet end lateral openings through which the liquid metal gushes in the direction of small faces of the mold.
  • the electromagnetic stirring thus implemented can be done already at the level of the mold itself and / or at the level of the secondary cooling zone of the casting machine.
  • a first type (see for example JP 1 228 645 or EP 0750958) consists of a gyratory movement of the molten metal at the meniscus around the casting axis, in order to improve the quality of the surface of the cast products.
  • horizontally sliding magnetic fields are applied in the region of the meniscus along the entire width of the large faces of the mold and whose direction of sliding is reversed between a large face and the other.
  • a pair of polyphase inductors of planar structure, of the "asynchronous linear motor stator" type is mounted in the upper part of the mold, each inductor developing over the entire width of the large face.
  • a second type of stirring recommended is to position the inductors approximately halfway up the mold in order to be able to apply, at the outlet openings of the nozzle immersed this time, a magnetic field sliding along the half-widths of large faces.
  • This field is produced by polyphase planar inductors mounted facing the large faces of the mold, this time with two pairs of inductors, one pair per large face, the inductors forming a pair being arranged symmetrically on both sides of the casting axis defined by the nozzle and each covering approximately half a width of the large face.
  • the assembly formed by these four inductors is connected to one or more polyphase electrical power supplies that drive everything in coherence.
  • the magnetic field produced slides in the opposite direction on the two inductors of the same pair and in the same direction on the inductors of the different faces arranged facing one another on both sides of the cast product.
  • EMLA molten metal arriving in the mold by the gills of the nozzle.
  • the primary purpose in this case is to promote, or stabilize, a configuration called “double loop” circulation of liquid steel in the mold.
  • a “double loop” configuration is particularly favorable for a regular intake of calories in the meniscus region, which naturally tends to cool by heat loss during casting despite the presence of cover slag.
  • the magnetic field slides this time inwards, small side faces towards the nozzle therefore, namely against the current of metal jets arriving in the mold.
  • the purpose in this case is to "slow down" the metal jets so as to reduce their vigor in order to reduce the meniscus level fluctuations and vortices caused by a too great flow rate.
  • the object of the invention is to regulate the electromagnetic stirring mode of the liquid metal over the height of a continuous casting mold of flat metallic products with immersed nozzle with lateral outlet openings directed towards the small walls of the mold, said mold being equipped, on each of its large faces, with a pair of polyphase linear magnetic field inductors sliding horizontally along the width of said large face and disposed on either side of the casting axis; defined by the nozzle, each inductor being connected to a power supply which controls all four inductors coherently, characterized setting
  • the inductors being slidably mounted according to the height of the mold, a vertical operating position PB, acting at the outlet openings of the casting nozzle, is passed through vertical translation of said inductors, in which the direction of sliding of the field is reversed between the inductors of the same pair and kept between the two inductors opposite one another on two different pairs, at a high functional position PH, acting at the meniscus of the liquid metal in the mold, in which the field slides in the same direction on the inductors of the same pair and in opposite directions between the two pairs, and vice versa; and in that, during the transition from one functional position to the other, the direction of sliding of the magnetic field of only one of the two inductors of the same pair as well as that of the two inductors is reversed.
  • the invention consists, on the basis of an electromagnetic equipment conventionally formed by four horizontal sliding field inductors arranged on either side of the casting axis on each of the large faces of the mold, to be provided
  • a mobile assembly of this equipment in the vertical direction that is to say according to the height of the mold (using, for example, worm gear, hydraulic cylinders, rack-and-pinion gears, or any other adapted way)
  • a current flipping means at the power supply that makes it possible to reverse the direction of sliding of the magnetic field produced by at least two of the four inductors, one of which is chosen on a large face, the other being then chosen on the other large face in symmetrical position with respect to the casting axis.
  • the invention also relates to an electromagnetic stirring equipment for continuous casting mold of flat metal products for the implementation of this method comprising:
  • At least one polyphase power supply supplying said inductors and provided with an inverter for at least two of the four inductors;
  • FIG. 1 is a general schematic elevational profile of a mold for continuous casting steel slabs equipped with the means according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows schematically, in a median vertical plane passing through the casting axis and parallel to the large faces of the mold, the two high PH and low PB functional positions of the mobile inductor battery according to the height of the mold. ;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing, seen from above the mold, the mode of action of the sliding magnetic field inductors when they are in the high operating position PH;
  • FIGS. 5a and 5b respectively show, in a view similar to FIG. 4, the mode of action of the sliding magnetic field inductors when they are in the low functional position PB.
  • the implementation of the invention is to allow the inductors to slide vertically along the large face of the mold by changing, at the same time, some of their connections to the power supply to change their brewing action depending on where they are located.
  • FIG. 1, representing a mold 1 for the casting of steel slabs 2, generally illustrates the means for implementing the invention.
  • this mold comprises two pairs of plates (two large plates 3 and two small 4) copper, or copper alloy, cooled by a vigorous flow of water against their outer surface from a water inlet chamber bottom 20 to an upper water discharge chamber 21.
  • the joined and sealed assembly of all of these four plates defines the casting space, elongated rectangular shape.
  • An "elongated" shape will be termed a geometry of the casting format whose long sides have a length at least twice that of the short sides.
  • the casting space of the mold is supplied with liquid metal by a submerged nozzle 5 centered on the casting axis A and whose upper end is sealed to the bottom opening of a distributor (not shown) placed above at short distance.
  • a distributor not shown
  • the free low end of the nozzle is provided Lateral outlet openings 17 directed towards the small faces 4. This end conventionally plunges into the mold at a depth of about 15 to 30 cm below the free surface 9 (or meniscus) of molten metal in the mold, or about 25 at 40 centimeters below the upper edge of the copper plates.
  • this brewing unit is mounted facing the large faces 3 of the mold. More specifically, this brewing unit is mounted in the niche usually left available between the upper water chamber 21 and the lower water inlet chamber 20, both chambers are in the form of boxes, about twenty cm high each, placed just behind the end portions of the large plates 3.
  • the power supply 7 incorporates a converter in order to be able to vary the frequency of the current. It is indeed by the choice of the frequency of the excitation current of the inductors that the sliding speed of the magnetic field produced is fixed. Adjusting the intensity of this current makes it possible to adjust the intensity of the magnetic field.
  • the electromagnetic stirring unit 6 comprises a battery of four linear inductors (10a, 10b, and 11a, Hb), preferably identical, of structure of the "asynchronous linear motor stator" type. These are inductors, preferably planes, of conventional technology, with protruding magnetic poles wound vertically elongated and arranged parallel to each other depending on the length of the inductor, which is determined so as to cover approximately one half width of the large plates 3 of the mold.
  • the coils surrounding the magnetic poles are advantageously formed by hollow conductors cooled by internal circulation of a cooling fluid, preferably treated water. They thus have their own cooling circuit, independently of that of the ingot mold that accommodates them.
  • inductors are about 200 to 300 mm high with regard to their active part (pole faces of the poles), or between 400 and 500 mm overall, given the coil heads that protrude from either side of the poles. .
  • the four inductors are grouped pairs by pairs 10 and 11, one pair of inductors for each large face 3 of the mold.
  • the inductors of a pair are arranged on either side of the nozzle 5, and the two pairs face each other on either side of the cast product 2.
  • the inductors of the same pair are connected remotely one to another (about ten cm) by fasteners 19 to form a mechanically rigid assembly.
  • the inductors are movably mounted in vertical translation on the mold.
  • conventional displacement means heavy loads, such as hydraulic cylinders, rack and pinion system, mechanical cylinders such as motorized worm 16, etc ... is perfectly possible and even recommended.
  • Their amplitude of operation must however be able to allow the displacement of the battery of inductors 6 on 10 or 20 cm, hardly more.
  • this relatively low clearance height was sufficient to allow the means of the invention to act with the selectivity required on the liquid metal in the mold as will be seen in more detail later.
  • This unit 14 is connected to the power supply 7 to activate the rocker 8 during these translations and thus ensure the necessary reversals of the connections of the windings of the inductors to the phases of the power supply.
  • Each inductor producing in effect a magnetic field sliding horizontally over a half width, and only one, of the large faces 3 of the mold, depending on how its electrical connection is arranged, this field will move either outwardly ( from the nozzle to the small face), or inwards (from the small face to the nozzle).
  • FIGS. 2 to 5 For the following, reference will be made to FIGS. 2 to 5 in order to have a more complete approach of the means implemented for carrying out the invention.
  • a current mold for continuous casting of steel slabs has a length around 900 mm. Its upper 21 and lower 20 water boxes are about 200 mm high. The niche available between them is 500 mm. If the inductors are 400 mm high, this niche is of sufficient size to receive and allow their travel height in a distance of about ten cm.
  • the stirring configuration is in the high operating position PH.
  • the reference point, middle of the active parts comes to be placed at a height dimension noted PH.
  • this active part of the inductors is necessarily shifted downwards relative to the level of the meniscus 9, where the stirring action is then sought, in the high functional position PH, this action is nevertheless effectively felt in the region of the meniscus.
  • the inductors (shown in bold dashed lines in FIG. 2) are then connected to the power supply to generate a gyratory movement on the surface of the molten metal around the casting axis A.
  • the two inductors 10a, 10b of the same pair 10 generate a sliding field in the same direction (from left to right in Figure 4), so having a uniform brewing effect over the entire width of the associated large face.
  • the direction of sliding of the field is reversed from the pair 10 to the other pair 11 on the other large face of the mold.
  • the battery of inductors is lowered by 10 or 15 cm downwards, so approximately halfway up the mold or even as far as against the lower box 20 (see Fig. 3a)
  • the brewing configuration is in the low functional position PB.
  • the electromagnetic stirring is strongly felt at the outlets 17 of the nozzle 5, where it is then sought, although the active part of the inductors is also shifted downwards relative to this level. .
  • the inductors are then connected to the power supply 7 so as to generate magnetic fields sliding co-current (FIG 5a) or against the current (FIG 5b) metal jets 18 leaving the gills in the direction of small faces 4 of the mold.
  • co-current configuration is synonymous with jet acceleration (EMLA type)
  • EMLS type is synonymous with "braking" of the jets.
  • the control unit 14 acts on the rocker 8 to invert the electrical phase connection of any two inductors located in axial symmetry with respect to each other. to the nozzle 5, each on a large face 3 of the mold, so as to reverse the direction of sliding of the magnetic field they generate. To do so, it suffices to swap any two phases on all three of a three-phase power supply, or to reverse the direction of the current of a phase in the case of a two-phase power supply.
  • the transition from the low position PB to the high position PH sets up a stirring generating an axial rotational movement of the liquid metal in the upper part of the mold.
  • the transition from the high position PH to the low position PB gives the operator the choice of assistance with the fresh metal jets from the nozzle, by magnetic linear stirring, the action of which can be carried out in accelerator. jets (Fig. 5a) or jet braking (Fig. 5b).
  • the power supply 7 makes it possible to deliver current intensities and adjustable frequencies to values chosen in advance.
  • the control unit 14, which is connected to it, can manage this possibility so as to vary the intensity of the applied force.
  • EMLA type it is advantageous for the four inductors to exert on the metal a similar force, this configuration is not always desirable for the gyratory movement at the meniscus.
  • the two inductors whose field slides against the flow of liquid metal it may be advantageous for the two inductors whose field slides against the flow of liquid metal to provide a greater magnetic force than the others.
  • a single drive motor system with chain and sprockets mounted at the end of the screw jacks 12 can replace the described system with individual motors by jacks.
  • the electrical conductors forming the coils of the inductors can be full.
  • the thermal maintenance of the inductors can in this case be provided by immersion of each pair of inductors in a sealed chamber traversed by a circulation of coolant.
  • the invention can be implemented of course, both during the same casting and between two successive castings.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Dental Prosthetics (AREA)
  • Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
  • Alcoholic Beverages (AREA)
  • Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

The adjustment of the mode of electromagnetic stirring in a continuous casting mould comprises: (A) using pairs of induction coils (10a to 11b) sliding vertically over the height of the mould from a low stirring position assisting the incoming liquid metal jets to a high stirring position making the cast liquid metal rotate about the casting axis at the meniscus (9) level; (B) on passing from one position to the other, the connection of the coils to the phases of the power supply (7) is modified so as to reverse the direction of travel of the magnetic field of only one of the two coils of any one pair, and also that, of the two coils of the other pair, which is symmetrical with respect to the casting axis. An independent claim is also included for the electromagnetic stirring equipment for the continuous casting mould.

Description

REGLAGE DU MODE DE BRASSAGE ELECTROMAGNETIQUE SUR LA HAUTEUR D'UNE LINGOTIERE DE COULEE CONTINUE. ADJUSTING THE ELECTROMAGNETIC BREWING MODE ON THE HEIGHT OF A CONTINUOUS CASTING LINGOTIERE.
La présente invention a trait à la coulée continue de produits métalliques plats, en acier en particulier. Plus particulièrement, l'invention concerne la gestion des mouvements de circulation du métal liquide coulé au sein de la lingotière de coulée par mise en oeuvre de forces électromagnétiques en vue de l'amélioration de la qualité des produits coulés et/ou de la productivité de l'installation de coulée.The present invention relates to the continuous casting of flat metal products, in particular steel. More particularly, the invention relates to the management of the circulation movements of the liquid metal cast in the casting mold by implementing electromagnetic forces in order to improve the quality of the cast products and / or the productivity of the castings. the casting installation.
On rappelle que l'on entend par produits "plats", les brames, bramettes, brames minces... ou tout autre format de section droite "allongée", c'est-à-dire dont la largeur est au moins le double de l'épaisseur.It is recalled that "flat" products are understood to mean slabs, bramettes, thin slabs ... or any other "elongated" cross-sectional format, that is to say the width of which is at least twice that of thickness.
Les lingotières avec lesquelles les produits plats sont coulés comportent classiquement deux grandes faces (ou parois) en cuivre ou alliage de cuivre, énergiquement refroidies par circulation d'eau à leur contact, et disposées en vis à vis l'une de l'autre à une distance définissant l'épaisseur du produit coulé. Ces parois de pleine face sont complétées en bout par deux petites parois latérales de sorte à former un espace de coulée étanche reproduisant la section rectangulaire voulue. Un système de refroidissement des parois, comprenant chambres à eau et canaux de refroidissement, est prévu pour assurer, via ces parois, une extraction calorifique hors du métal coulé suffisante. Est suffisante, une extraction de chaleur qui conduit, à la sortie de la lingotière, à la formation d'une peau de métal solidifiée au contact de ces parois refroidies régulière sur son pourtour et épaisse de quelques centimètres afin de conférer au produit coulé une enveloppe mécaniquement résistante pour permettre sa solidification complète sous traction dans les étages inférieurs du refroidissement secondaire (jets d'eau directs) de la machine de coulée.The ingot molds with which the flat products are cast conventionally comprise two large faces (or walls) of copper or copper alloy, vigorously cooled by circulation of water at their contact, and disposed opposite each other to a distance defining the thickness of the cast product. These full face walls are completed at the end by two small side walls so as to form a sealed casting space reproducing the desired rectangular section. A cooling system of the walls, including water chambers and cooling channels, is provided to ensure, via these walls, a heat extraction out of the cast metal sufficient. Is sufficient, a heat extraction which leads, at the outlet of the mold, to the formation of a solidified metal skin in contact with these cooled walls regular on its periphery and a few centimeters thick to give the cast product an envelope mechanically resistant to allow complete solidification under tension in the lower stages of the secondary cooling (direct water jets) of the casting machine.
Comme on le sait, la surface libre du métal coulé en lingotière (surface que l'on désignera par la suite par le vocable "ménisque", couramment admis par commodité de langage) est généralement recouverte par un laitier de couverture. La coulée s'effectue dès lors à l'aide d'une busette immergée, plongeant de quelques dizaines de centimètres sous le ménisque en lingotière, et pourvue à son extrémité de sortie d'ouïes latérales par lesquelles le métal liquide jaillit en direction des petites faces de la lingotière.As is known, the free surface of the metal cast in the mold (surface which will be designated later by the term "meniscus", commonly accepted for convenience of language) is generally covered by a slag cover. The casting is then carried out using a submerged nozzle, plunging a few tens of centimeters below the meniscus in the mold, and provided at its outlet end lateral openings through which the liquid metal gushes in the direction of small faces of the mold.
Plus personne n'ignore aujourd'hui l'importance de l'influence, tant sur la qualité métallurgique du métal coulé (propreté inclusionnaire comprise) que sur la réussite de l'opération de coulée elle même ou sa productivité, des écoulements du métal en fusion au sein de la machine de coulée.No one is unaware today of the importance of the influence, as much on the metallurgical quality of the cast metal (inclusion cleanliness included) as on the success of the casting operation itself or its productivity, metal flows in fusion within the casting machine.
C'est la raison pour laquelle, depuis plus de trente ans maintenant, et avec des fortunes diverses mais toujours probantes techniquement, les procédés de coulée continue de l'acier mettent constamment en œuvre des forces électromagnétiques visant à contraindre ces écoulements du métal liquide selon des modes circulatoires variés et dont, selon les cas et les effets recherchés, certains sont estimés plus appropriés que d'autres.That is why, for more than thirty years now, and with various fortunes but always technically convincing, the continuous casting processes of the steel constantly implement electromagnetic forces aiming to constrain these flows of the liquid metal according to various circulatory modes and of which, depending on the case and the effects sought, some are considered more appropriate than others.
Le brassage électromagnétique ainsi mis en œuvre peut se faire déjà au niveau de la lingotière elle-même et/ou au niveau de la zone du refroidissement secondaire de la machine de coulée.The electromagnetic stirring thus implemented can be done already at the level of the mold itself and / or at the level of the secondary cooling zone of the casting machine.
Dans le cas du brassage en lingotière, le champ magnétique agissant au travers des grandes parois en cuivre, est produit par des inducteurs qui se trouvent soit directement immergés dans la chambre à eau supérieure de la lingotière, soit caissonnés et donc dotés de leur propre circuit de refroidissement. Plusieurs types de brassage électromagnétique en lingotière sont aujourd'hui pratiqués. On peut les schématiser brièvement de la manière suivante:In the case of mixing in the mold, the magnetic field acting through the large copper walls is produced by inductors which are either directly immersed in the upper water chamber of the mold, or boxed and therefore have their own circuit cooling. Several types of electromagnetic stirring in ingot mold are nowadays practiced. They can be schematized briefly as follows:
Un premier type (voir par exemple JP 1 228 645 ou EP 0750958) consiste en un mouvement giratoire du métal en fusion au niveau du ménisque autour de l'axe de coulée, ce afin d'améliorer la qualité de la surface des produits coulés. Pour ce faire, , des champs magnétiques glissants horizontalement sont appliqués dans la région du ménisque selon toute la largeur des grandes faces de la lingotière et dont le sens de glissement est inversé entre une grande face et l'autre. Pour ce faire, un couple d'inducteurs polyphasés de structure plane, de type "stator de moteur linéaire asynchrone", est monté dans la partie haute de la lingotière, chaque inducteur se développant sur toute la largeur de la grande face.A first type (see for example JP 1 228 645 or EP 0750958) consists of a gyratory movement of the molten metal at the meniscus around the casting axis, in order to improve the quality of the surface of the cast products. To do this, horizontally sliding magnetic fields are applied in the region of the meniscus along the entire width of the large faces of the mold and whose direction of sliding is reversed between a large face and the other. To do this, a pair of polyphase inductors of planar structure, of the "asynchronous linear motor stator" type, is mounted in the upper part of the mold, each inductor developing over the entire width of the large face.
Un second type de brassage préconisé consiste à positionner les inducteurs à peu près à mi-hauteur de la lingotière afin de pouvoir appliquer, au niveau des ouïes de sortie de la busette immergée cette fois, un champ magnétique glissant selon les demi- largeurs des grandes faces. Ce champ est produit par des inducteurs plans polyphasés montés en regard des grandes faces de la lingotière, à raison cette fois de deux paires d'inducteurs, une paire par grande face, les inducteurs formant une paire étant disposés symétriquement de part et d'autre de l'axe de coulée défini par la busette et couvrant chacun approximativement une demi-largeur de la grande face. L'ensemble formé par ces quatre inducteurs est connecté à une ou plusieurs alimentations électriques polyphasées qui pilotent le tout en cohérence. Ainsi, le champ magnétique produit glisse en sens opposé sur les deux inducteurs d'une même paire et dans le même sens sur les inducteurs des faces différentes disposés en regard l'un de l'autre de part et d'autre du produit coulé.A second type of stirring recommended is to position the inductors approximately halfway up the mold in order to be able to apply, at the outlet openings of the nozzle immersed this time, a magnetic field sliding along the half-widths of large faces. This field is produced by polyphase planar inductors mounted facing the large faces of the mold, this time with two pairs of inductors, one pair per large face, the inductors forming a pair being arranged symmetrically on both sides of the casting axis defined by the nozzle and each covering approximately half a width of the large face. The assembly formed by these four inductors is connected to one or more polyphase electrical power supplies that drive everything in coherence. Thus, the magnetic field produced slides in the opposite direction on the two inductors of the same pair and in the same direction on the inductors of the different faces arranged facing one another on both sides of the cast product.
Dans une première version, souvent désignée sous le vocable EMLA (voir par exemple EP 1551580), le champ glisse vers l'extérieur, c'est-à-dire de la busette vers les petites faces de la lingotière, donc en co-courant des jets de métal en fusion arrivant en lingotière par les ouïes de la busette. Le but premier dans ce cas est de promouvoir, ou stabiliser, une configuration dite "double boucle" de circulation de l'acier liquide dans la lingotière. Une configuration de type "double boucle" s'avère favorable en particulier à un apport régulier de calories dans la région du ménisque, lequel tend naturellement à se refroidir par déperdition thermique au cours de la coulée malgré la présence du laitier de couverture.In a first version, often referred to as EMLA (see for example EP 1551580), the field slides outwards, that is to say from the nozzle to the small faces of the mold, so in co-current jets of molten metal arriving in the mold by the gills of the nozzle. The primary purpose in this case is to promote, or stabilize, a configuration called "double loop" circulation of liquid steel in the mold. A "double loop" configuration is particularly favorable for a regular intake of calories in the meniscus region, which naturally tends to cool by heat loss during casting despite the presence of cover slag.
Dans une autre version, désignée, elle, par le vocable EMLS (voir par exemple EP 0 550 785), le champ magnétique glisse cette fois vers l'intérieur, des petites faces latérales vers la busette donc, à savoir à contre-courant des jets de métal arrivant en lingotière. Le but dans ce cas est de "freiner" les jets de métal de manière à atténuer leur vigueur afin de diminuer les fluctuations de niveau du ménisque et des tourbillons provoqués par une vitesse d'écoulement trop importante.In another version, designated by the word EMLS (see for example EP 0 550 785), the magnetic field slides this time inwards, small side faces towards the nozzle therefore, namely against the current of metal jets arriving in the mold. The purpose in this case is to "slow down" the metal jets so as to reduce their vigor in order to reduce the meniscus level fluctuations and vortices caused by a too great flow rate.
Ces différents exemples, bien entendu, ne constituent pas une liste exhaustive des pratiques possibles de brassage électromagnétique en lingotière de coulée continue actuellement à la disposition du métallurgiste. Ils représentent néanmoins les deux grandes classes de brassage actuellement préconisées pour la coulée des produits plats (rotation au ménisque ou assistance aux jets de sortie de la busette en freinage ou accélération) et auxquelles se trouve confronté le métallurgiste lorsqu'il doit effectuer un choix en faveur d'une technologie et renoncer à l'autre. A ce jour en effet, chaque technologie de brassage est exclusivement, ou quasi-exclusivement, dédiée à l'un de ces deux modes de brassage précités, de sorte que le choix d'un équipement de brassage est contraignant, car sélectif du seul mode de brassage que cet équipement autorisera, dans de bonnes conditions opératoires en tous cas. L'invention a pour objectif de palier cet inconvénient en proposant pour la coulée continue de produits plats un outil de brassage électromagnétique simple mais polyvalent.These various examples, of course, do not constitute an exhaustive list of the possible electromagnetic stirring practices in the continuous casting mold currently available to the metallurgist. However, they represent the two major brewing classes currently recommended for casting flat products (meniscus rotation or assisting the nozzle discharge jets braking or acceleration) and which is faced by the metallurgist when he must make a choice in favor one technology and give up the other. To date, each brewing technology is exclusively, or almost exclusively, dedicated to one of these two brewing modes mentioned above, so that the choice of a brewing equipment is restrictive because selective mode only brewing that this equipment will allow, under good operating conditions in any case. The invention aims to overcome this disadvantage by providing for the continuous casting of flat products a simple but versatile electromagnetic stirring tool.
A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un réglage du mode de brassage électromagnétique du métal liquide sur la hauteur d'une lingotière de coulée continue de produits métalliques plats à busette immergée dotée d'ouïes de sortie latérale dirigées vers les petites parois de la lingotière, ladite lingotière étant équipée, sur chacune de ses grandes faces, d'une paire d'inducteurs linéaires polyphasés à champ magnétique glissant horizontalement selon la largeur de ladite grande face et disposés de part et d'autre de l'axe de coulée défini par la busette, chaque inducteur étant connecté à une alimentation électrique qui pilote l'ensemble des quatre inducteurs en cohérence, réglage caractériséFor this purpose, the object of the invention is to regulate the electromagnetic stirring mode of the liquid metal over the height of a continuous casting mold of flat metallic products with immersed nozzle with lateral outlet openings directed towards the small walls of the mold, said mold being equipped, on each of its large faces, with a pair of polyphase linear magnetic field inductors sliding horizontally along the width of said large face and disposed on either side of the casting axis; defined by the nozzle, each inductor being connected to a power supply which controls all four inductors coherently, characterized setting
- en ce que, les inducteurs étant montés coulissants selon la hauteur de la lingotière, on passe, par translation verticale desdits inducteurs, d'une position fonctionnelle basse PB, agissant au niveau des ouïes de sortie de la busette de coulée, dans laquelle le sens de glissement du champ est inversé entre les inducteurs d'une même paire et conservé entre les deux inducteurs en regard l'un de l'autre sur deux paires différentes, à une position fonctionnelle haute PH, agissant au niveau du ménisque du métal liquide en lingotière, dans laquelle le champ glisse dans le même sens sur les inducteurs d'une même paire et en sens opposé entre les deux paires, et réciproquement; - et en ce que, lors du passage d'une position fonctionnelle à l'autre, on inverse le sens de glissement du champ magnétique de l'un seulement des deux inducteurs d'une même paire ainsi que de celui, parmi les deux inducteurs de l'autre paire, qui est son symétrique par rapport à l'axe de coulée. Ainsi, l'invention consiste, sur la base d'un équipement électromagnétique formé classiquement par quatre inducteurs linéaires à champ glissant horizontalement disposés de part et d'autre de l'axe de coulée sur chacune des grandes faces de la lingotière, à prévoirin that, the inductors being slidably mounted according to the height of the mold, a vertical operating position PB, acting at the outlet openings of the casting nozzle, is passed through vertical translation of said inductors, in which the direction of sliding of the field is reversed between the inductors of the same pair and kept between the two inductors opposite one another on two different pairs, at a high functional position PH, acting at the meniscus of the liquid metal in the mold, in which the field slides in the same direction on the inductors of the same pair and in opposite directions between the two pairs, and vice versa; and in that, during the transition from one functional position to the other, the direction of sliding of the magnetic field of only one of the two inductors of the same pair as well as that of the two inductors is reversed. of the other pair, which is its symmetrical with respect to the casting axis. Thus, the invention consists, on the basis of an electromagnetic equipment conventionally formed by four horizontal sliding field inductors arranged on either side of the casting axis on each of the large faces of the mold, to be provided
- un montage mobile de cet équipement selon la direction verticale, c'est-à-dire selon la hauteur de la lingotière (à l'aide par exemple de vis sans fin, de vérins hydrauliques, de pignons-crémaillères, ou de tout autre moyen adapté),a mobile assembly of this equipment in the vertical direction, that is to say according to the height of the mold (using, for example, worm gear, hydraulic cylinders, rack-and-pinion gears, or any other adapted way)
- et un moyen basculeur de courant au niveau de l'alimentation électrique permettant d'inverser le sens de glissement du champ magnétique produit par au moins deux inducteurs parmi les quatre, l'un une fois choisi sur une grande face, l'autre étant alors choisi sur l'autre grande face en position symétrique par rapport à l'axe de coulée.and a current flipping means at the power supply that makes it possible to reverse the direction of sliding of the magnetic field produced by at least two of the four inductors, one of which is chosen on a large face, the other being then chosen on the other large face in symmetrical position with respect to the casting axis.
Dès lors, comme on l'aura sans doute déjà compris, on peut aisément avec un seul et même équipement de brassage électromagnétiqueTherefore, as we will have probably already understood, we can easily with one and the same electromagnetic stirring equipment
- soit assister en co-, ou contre-courant (EMLA ou EMLS) les jets de métal entrant en lingotière au niveau des ouïes de sortie de la busette de coulée (position d'action basse PB de l'équipement au voisinage du milieu de la lingotière),- Either assist in co- or countercurrent (EMLA or EMLS) the metal jets entering the mold at the outlet openings of the casting nozzle (low action position PB of the equipment in the vicinity of the medium of the mold),
- soit mettre le métal liquide coulé en rotation autour de l'axe de coulée au niveau du ménisque en lingotière (position d'action haute PH de l'équipement).- Or put the liquid metal cast in rotation around the casting axis at the meniscus mold (high position PH action of the equipment).
En complément, l'invention a également pour objet un équipement de brassage électromagnétique pour lingotière de coulée continue de produits métalliques plats pour la mise en œuvre de cette méthode comprenant:In addition, the invention also relates to an electromagnetic stirring equipment for continuous casting mold of flat metal products for the implementation of this method comprising:
- une batterie d'au moins quatre inducteurs linéaires à champ magnétique glissant,a battery of at least four linear inductors with sliding magnetic field,
- au moins une alimentation électrique polyphasée alimentant lesdits inducteurs et pourvue d'un inverseur pour au moins deux des quatre inducteurs;at least one polyphase power supply supplying said inductors and provided with an inverter for at least two of the four inductors;
- et des moyens motorisés de montage mobile de ladite batterie sur la lingotière de coulée continue destinée à la recevoir, lesdits moyens étant aptes à assurer une translation verticale de la batterie entre au moins deux positions fonctionnelles PH et PB distantes l'une de l'autre selon la hauteur de la lingotière;and motorized means for movably mounting said battery on the continuous casting mold intended to receive it, said means being capable of ensuring a vertical translation of the battery between at least two functional positions PH and PB remote from one of the other according to the height of the mold;
On observera qu'il existe déjà dans l'art antérieur des lmgotières de coulée continue permettant de modifier verticalement la position d'un équipement de brassage électromagnétique incorporé. Mais, de telles lingotières sont destinées à la coulée continue de blooms ou de billettes, c'est à dire à des produits longs et l'inducteur concerné est, par voie de conséquence, unique, annulaire et exclusivement dédié à une mise en rotation du métal coulé (cf. USP 4.957.156 ou EP 0 778 098).It will be observed that there is already in the prior art continuous casting chambers for vertically changing the position of an incorporated electromagnetic stirring equipment. However, such molds are intended for the continuous casting of blooms or billets, that is to say long products and the inductor concerned is, consequently, unique, annular and exclusively dedicated to a rotation of the cast metal (see USP 4,957,156 or EP 0 778 098).
En ce qui concerne les produits plats, il existe déjà des équipements permettant d'appliquer un champ magnétique à différentes hauteurs de la lingotière. Le document WO 99-11404 décrit par exemple une installation de ce type. On observera cependant que ce type d'installation propose en fait de disposer plusieurs jeux d'inducteurs, montés fixes, les uns au dessus des autres, le long des grandes parois de la lingotière.As regards flat products, there is already equipment for applying a magnetic field at different heights of the mold. The document WO 99-11404 describes for example an installation of this type. It will be observed, however, that this type of installation proposes in fact to have several sets of inductors, mounted fixed, one above the other, along the large walls of the mold.
L'invention sera bien comprise et d'autres aspects et avantages apparaîtront plus clairement au vu de la description qui suit donnée à titre d'exemple en référence aux planches de dessins annexées sur lesquelles :The invention will be better understood and other aspects and advantages will become more clearly apparent from the following description given by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
- la figure 1 est une vue schématique générale en élévation de profil d'une lingotière de coulée continue de brames en acier équipée des moyens selon l'invention;- Figure 1 is a general schematic elevational profile of a mold for continuous casting steel slabs equipped with the means according to the invention;
- la figure 2 montre schématiquement, dans un plan vertical médian passant par l'axe de coulée et parallèle aux grandes faces de la lingotière, les deux positions fonctionnelles haute PH et basse PB de la batterie d'inducteurs mobile selon la hauteur de la lingotière;FIG. 2 shows schematically, in a median vertical plane passing through the casting axis and parallel to the large faces of the mold, the two high PH and low PB functional positions of the mobile inductor battery according to the height of the mold. ;
- la figure 3 (partie 3a et partie 3b) est une représentation analogue à celle de la figure 2, mais selon une vue parallèle cette fois aux petites faces de la lingotière; - la figure 4 est un schéma de principe montrant, vu de dessus de la lingotière, le mode d'action des inducteurs à champ magnétique glissant lorsque ceux-ci se trouvent en position fonctionnelle haute PH;- Figure 3 (part 3a and part 3b) is a representation similar to that of Figure 2, but in a parallel view this time to the small faces of the mold; FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing, seen from above the mold, the mode of action of the sliding magnetic field inductors when they are in the high operating position PH;
- les figures 5a et 5b montrent respectivement, selon une vue analogue à la figure 4, le mode d'action des inducteurs à champ magnétique glissant lorsque ceux-ci se trouvent en position fonctionnelle basse PB.FIGS. 5a and 5b respectively show, in a view similar to FIG. 4, the mode of action of the sliding magnetic field inductors when they are in the low functional position PB.
Sur les figures, les mêmes éléments sont désignés sous des références numériques identiques.In the figures, the same elements are designated under identical reference numerals.
On aura compris que la mise en œuvre de l'invention consiste à permettre aux inducteurs de coulisser verticalement le long de la grande face de la lingotière en modifiant, par la même occasion, certaines de leurs connexions à l'alimentation électrique afin de modifier leur action de brassage selon l'endroit en hauteur où ils se trouvent.It will be understood that the implementation of the invention is to allow the inductors to slide vertically along the large face of the mold by changing, at the same time, some of their connections to the power supply to change their brewing action depending on where they are located.
La figure 1, représentant une lingotière 1 pour la coulée de brames en acier 2, illustre de façon générale les moyens de mise en œuvre de l'invention. De manière classique, cette lingotière comprend deux paires de plaques (deux grandes plaques 3 et deux petites 4) en cuivre, ou alliage de cuivre, refroidies par une vigoureuse circulation d'eau contre leur surface externe depuis une chambre d'arrivée d'eau inférieure 20 jusqu'à une chambre d'évacuation d'eau supérieure 21. L'assemblage jointif et étanche de l'ensemble de ces quatre plaques défini l'espace de coulée, de forme rectangulaire allongée. On qualifiera de forme" allongée", une géométrie du format de coulée dont les grands côtés ont une longueur au moins double de celle des petits côtés.FIG. 1, representing a mold 1 for the casting of steel slabs 2, generally illustrates the means for implementing the invention. Conventionally, this mold comprises two pairs of plates (two large plates 3 and two small 4) copper, or copper alloy, cooled by a vigorous flow of water against their outer surface from a water inlet chamber bottom 20 to an upper water discharge chamber 21. The joined and sealed assembly of all of these four plates defines the casting space, elongated rectangular shape. An "elongated" shape will be termed a geometry of the casting format whose long sides have a length at least twice that of the short sides.
L'espace de coulée de la lingotière est alimentée en métal liquide par une busette immergée 5 centrée sur l'axe de coulée A et dont l'extrémité haute est fixée étanche sur l'ouverture de fond d'un répartiteur (non représenté) placé au-dessus à courte distance. L'extrémité basse libre de la busette, mieux visible sur les figures 2 et 3, est pourvue d'ouïes de sortie latérales 17 dirigées vers les petites faces 4. Cette extrémité plonge classiquement dans la lingotière à une profondeur d'environ 15 à 30 cm sous la surface libre 9 (ou ménisque) de métal en fusion en lingotière, soit environ 25 à 40 centimètres au-dessous du bord supérieur des plaques de cuivre. Une unité de brassage électromagnétique 6, reliée à une alimentation électriqueThe casting space of the mold is supplied with liquid metal by a submerged nozzle 5 centered on the casting axis A and whose upper end is sealed to the bottom opening of a distributor (not shown) placed above at short distance. The free low end of the nozzle, better visible in Figures 2 and 3, is provided Lateral outlet openings 17 directed towards the small faces 4. This end conventionally plunges into the mold at a depth of about 15 to 30 cm below the free surface 9 (or meniscus) of molten metal in the mold, or about 25 at 40 centimeters below the upper edge of the copper plates. An electromagnetic stirring unit 6, connected to a power supply
7, bi ou triphasée, est montée en regard des grandes faces 3 de la lingotière. Plus précisément, cette unité de brassage est montée dans la niche habituellement laissée disponible entre la chambre à eau supérieure 21 et la chambre à eau inférieure d'arrivée 20, chambres présentent toutes deux sous forme de caissons, d'une vingtaine de cm de hauteur chacun, placés juste derrière les portions terminales des grandes plaques 3.7, bi or three-phase, is mounted facing the large faces 3 of the mold. More specifically, this brewing unit is mounted in the niche usually left available between the upper water chamber 21 and the lower water inlet chamber 20, both chambers are in the form of boxes, about twenty cm high each, placed just behind the end portions of the large plates 3.
L'alimentation électrique 7 intègre un convertisseur afin de pouvoir faire varier la fréquence du courant. C'est en effet par le choix de la fréquence du courant d'excitation des inducteurs que l'on fixe la vitesse de glissement du champ magnétique produit. Le réglage de l'intensité de ce courant permet, lui, d'ajuster l'intensité du champ magnétique.The power supply 7 incorporates a converter in order to be able to vary the frequency of the current. It is indeed by the choice of the frequency of the excitation current of the inductors that the sliding speed of the magnetic field produced is fixed. Adjusting the intensity of this current makes it possible to adjust the intensity of the magnetic field.
L'unité de brassage électromagnétique 6 comprend une batterie de quatre inducteurs linéaires (10a, 10b, et l ia, Hb), de préférence identiques, de structure du type "stator de moteur linéaire asynchrone". Il s'agit d'inducteurs, plans de préférence, de technologie classique, à pôles magnétiques saillants bobinés de forme allongée selon la verticale et rangés parallèlement les uns aux autres selon la longueur de l'inducteur, laquelle est déterminée de manière à pouvoir couvrir approximativement une demi- largeur des grandes plaques 3 de la lingotière. Les bobinages qui entourent les pôles magnétiques sont formés avantageusement par des conducteurs creux refroidis par circulation interne d'un fluide de refroidissement, de l'eau traitée de préférence. Ils possèdent ainsi leur propre circuit de refroidissement, indépendamment donc de celui de la lingotière qui les accueille. Ces inducteurs font entre 200 et 300 mm de haut environ pour ce qui concerne leur partie active (faces polaires des pôles), soit entre 400 et 500 mm hors tout, compte tenu des têtes de bobines qui dépassent de part et d'autre des pôles. Les quatre inducteurs sont regroupés deux à deux par paires 10 et 11, à raison d'une paire d'inducteurs pour chaque grande face 3 de la lingotière. Les inducteurs d'une paire sont disposés de part et d'autre de la busette 5, et les deux paires se font face de part et d'autre du produit coulé 2. Les inducteurs d'une même paire sont solidarisés à distance l'un à l'autre (une dizaine de cm) par des attaches 19 pour former un ensemble mécaniquement rigide.The electromagnetic stirring unit 6 comprises a battery of four linear inductors (10a, 10b, and 11a, Hb), preferably identical, of structure of the "asynchronous linear motor stator" type. These are inductors, preferably planes, of conventional technology, with protruding magnetic poles wound vertically elongated and arranged parallel to each other depending on the length of the inductor, which is determined so as to cover approximately one half width of the large plates 3 of the mold. The coils surrounding the magnetic poles are advantageously formed by hollow conductors cooled by internal circulation of a cooling fluid, preferably treated water. They thus have their own cooling circuit, independently of that of the ingot mold that accommodates them. These inductors are about 200 to 300 mm high with regard to their active part (pole faces of the poles), or between 400 and 500 mm overall, given the coil heads that protrude from either side of the poles. . The four inductors are grouped pairs by pairs 10 and 11, one pair of inductors for each large face 3 of the mold. The inductors of a pair are arranged on either side of the nozzle 5, and the two pairs face each other on either side of the cast product 2. The inductors of the same pair are connected remotely one to another (about ten cm) by fasteners 19 to form a mechanically rigid assembly.
Ils sont connectés individuellement à l'alimentation électrique 7. Un basculeur 8 est prévu au niveau de cette alimentation pour permettre d'inverser le sens du courant, donc du glissement du champ magnétique produit, dans au moins deux inducteurs de paires différentes. Conformément à l'invention, les inducteurs sont montés mobiles en translation verticale sur la lingotière. L'usage de moyens de déplacement classiques de charges pesantes, tels que vérins hydrauliques, système à pignon-crémaillère, vérins mécaniques comme des vis sans fin motorisées 16,etc...est parfaitement possible et même conseillé. Leur amplitude de fonctionnement doit cependant être apte à permettre le déplacement de la batterie d'inducteurs 6 sur 10 ou 20 cm environ, guère plus. L'expérience a montré en effet que ce relativement faible débattement en hauteur suffisait pour permettre aux moyens de l'invention d'agir avec la sélectivité requise sur le métal liquide en lingotière comme on va le voir plus en détail par la suite. Le déplacement des inducteurs se faisant verticalement, on a avantage, en raison d'un poids de plusieurs tonnes de l'ensemble mobile, à prévoir, de part est d'autre de chaque paire d'inducteurs, des rampes de guidage 13 qui coopèrent avec des œillets 15 prévus à cet effet aux extrémités haute et basse des bords extérieurs de chaque inducteur pour assurer la translation correcte de la batterie d'inducteurs. Cette translation verticale est assurée par des moyens de commande motorisés comprenant une unité de commande 14 proprement dite, ordonnant la mise en marche de vérins hydrauliques ou, comme exemplifié ici, de moteurs électriques réversibles 16 montés à une extrémité des vérins à vis 12. Sont ainsi assurées, par mise en rotation axiale des vis sans fin 12, les translations verticales de la batterie 6 d'inducteurs entre une position fonctionnelle haute agissant au niveau du ménisque 9, et une position fonctionnelle basse agissant au niveau des ouïes de sortie de la busette 5.They are connected individually to the power supply 7. A rocker 8 is provided at this power supply to allow to reverse the direction of the current, so the sliding of the magnetic field produced in at least two inductors of different pairs. According to the invention, the inductors are movably mounted in vertical translation on the mold. The use of conventional displacement means heavy loads, such as hydraulic cylinders, rack and pinion system, mechanical cylinders such as motorized worm 16, etc ... is perfectly possible and even recommended. Their amplitude of operation must however be able to allow the displacement of the battery of inductors 6 on 10 or 20 cm, hardly more. Experience has shown that this relatively low clearance height was sufficient to allow the means of the invention to act with the selectivity required on the liquid metal in the mold as will be seen in more detail later. Since the displacement of the inductors is vertical, it is advantageous, because of a weight of several tons of the moving assembly, to provide, on each side of each pair of inductors, guide rails 13 which cooperate. with eyelets 15 provided for this purpose at the high and low ends of the outer edges of each inductor to ensure the correct translation of the battery of inductors. This vertical translation is provided by motorized control means comprising a control unit 14 proper, ordering the start of hydraulic cylinders or, as exemplified herein, reversible electric motors 16 mounted at one end of the screw jacks 12. Are thus ensured, by axial rotation of the worm 12, the vertical translations of the battery 6 of inductors between a high operative position acting at the meniscus 9, and a low functional position acting at the outlet openings of the nozzle 5.
Cette unité 14 est reliée à l'alimentation électrique 7 pour activer le basculeur 8 lors de ces translations et assurer ainsi les inversions nécessaires des connexions des enroulements des inducteurs aux phases de l'alimentation électrique. Chaque inducteur produisant en effet par construction un champ magnétique glissant horizontalement sur une demie largeur, et une seule, des grandes faces 3 de la lingotière, selon la façon dont sa connexion électrique est agencée, ce champ va se diriger soit vers l'extérieur (de la busette à la petite face), soit vers l'intérieur (de la petite face vers la busette).This unit 14 is connected to the power supply 7 to activate the rocker 8 during these translations and thus ensure the necessary reversals of the connections of the windings of the inductors to the phases of the power supply. Each inductor producing in effect a magnetic field sliding horizontally over a half width, and only one, of the large faces 3 of the mold, depending on how its electrical connection is arranged, this field will move either outwardly ( from the nozzle to the small face), or inwards (from the small face to the nozzle).
Pour ce qui suit, on se référera conjointement aux figures 2 à 5 afin d'avoir une approche plus complète des moyens mis en œuvre pour la réalisation de l'invention.For the following, reference will be made to FIGS. 2 to 5 in order to have a more complete approach of the means implemented for carrying out the invention.
On commence par donner quelques précisions drmensionnelles, utiles pour la bonne intelligence de l'invention. Il faut auparavant souligner que la position fonctionnelle des inducteurs sur la hauteur de la lingotière, position mobile par nature conformément à l'invention, comporte des limites de course bien entendu contraintes par la taille en hauteur des inducteurs eux-mêmes et par l'encombrement des organes de la lingotières présents à cet endroit, la chambre à eau supérieure notamment.We begin by giving some dimensional details, useful for the good understanding of the invention. It must first be emphasized that the functional position of the inductors on the height of the mold, a position that is mobile in nature according to the invention, has stroke limits that are of course constrained by the height in height of the inductors themselves and by the space requirement. bodies of the ingot molds present at this location, the upper water chamber in particular.
Une lingotière actuelle de coulée continue de brames d'acier présente une longueur autour de 900 mm. Ses caissons à eau supérieur 21 et inférieur 20 font, eux, à peu près 200 mm de haut. La niche disponible entre eux est donc 500 mm. Si les inducteurs font 400 mm de haut, cette niche est de taille suffisante pour les recevoir et autoriser leur débattement en hauteur sur une distance d'une dizaine de cm.A current mold for continuous casting of steel slabs has a length around 900 mm. Its upper 21 and lower 20 water boxes are about 200 mm high. The niche available between them is 500 mm. If the inductors are 400 mm high, this niche is of sufficient size to receive and allow their travel height in a distance of about ten cm.
Il se trouve qu'une telle amplitude de déplacement est suffisante pour la mise en œuvre de l'invention. Toutefois, il est parfaitement possible de l'augmenter d'une dizaine de cm vers le haut en réduisant d'autant la hauteur du caisson à eau supérieur 21 sans nuire pour autant à l'efficacité du refroidissement de la lingotière. C'est sur cette variante de construction qu'ont été faites les figures jointes. On se dote ainsi d'une amplitude de mobilité en hauteur d'une vingtaine de centimètres, ce qui va bien entendu dans le sens d'une plus grande sélectivité des actions respectives de brassage du métal coulé recherchées au niveau du ménisque ou au niveau des ouïes de sortie de la busette.It is found that such an amplitude of displacement is sufficient for the implementation of the invention. However, it is perfectly possible to increase it by about 10 cm upwards by reducing the height of the upper water box 21, without affecting the efficiency of the cooling of the mold. It is on this variant of construction that the attached figures have been made. This gives rise to an amplitude of mobility in height of about twenty centimeters, which of course is in the sense of a greater selectivity of the respective actions of brewing of the cast metal sought at the meniscus level or at the level of gills output of the nozzle.
Pour décrire géométriquement cette mobilité, on convient de retenir le point milieu en hauteur de la partie active des inducteurs comme repère de niveau. C'est un choix arbitraire. On pourrait bien entendu choisir un autre repère sur l'inducteur, par exemple son bord supérieur, sans que cela change quoi que ce soit à la mise en œuvre de l'invention ou à sa compréhension.To geometrically describe this mobility, it is appropriate to retain the midpoint in height of the active part of the inductors as a level mark. It's an arbitrary choice. One could of course choose another marker on the inductor, for example its upper edge, without this changing anything to the implementation of the invention or its understanding.
Ainsi, lorsque la batterie d'inducteurs 6 est remontée au maximum jusqu'à venir en butée contre le fond du caisson supérieur 21, la configuration de brassage est en position fonctionnelle haute PH. Dit autrement, le point repère, milieu des parties actives, vient se placer à une cote en hauteur notée PH. Bien que cette partie active des inducteurs soit nécessairement décalée vers le bas par rapport au niveau du ménisque 9, là où l'action de brassage alors est recherchée, en position fonctionnelle haute PH, cette action se ressent néanmoins efficacement dans la région du ménisque. Les inducteurs (représentés en pointillés gras sur la figure 2) sont alors connectés à l'alimentation électrique pour générer un mouvement giratoire en surface du métal en fusion autour de l'axe de coulée A. A cet effet, les deux inducteurs 10a, 10b d'une même paire 10 génèrent un champ glissant dans le même sens (de gauche à droite sur la figure 4), donc ayant un effet de brassage uniforme sur toute la largeur de la grande face associée. En revanche, le sens de glissement du champ est inversé de la paire 10 à l'autre paire 11 sur l'autre grande face de la lingotière. Lorsque la batterie d'inducteurs est descendue de 10 ou 15 cm vers le bas, approximativement donc à mi-hauteur de la lingotière voire même jusqu'en en butée contre le caisson inférieur 20 (cf. fig.3a), la configuration de brassage est en position fonctionnelle basse PB. En position fonctionnelle basse PB, le brassage électromagnétique se ressent vivement au niveau des ouïes de sortie 17 de la busette 5, là où il est alors recherché, bien que la partie active des inducteurs soit là aussi décalée vers le bas par rapport à ce niveau. Les inducteurs sont alors connectés à l'alimentation électrique 7 de façon à générer des champs magnétiques glissant en co-courant (fig. 5a) ou à contre-courant (fig. 5b) des jets de métal 18 sortant des ouïes en direction des petites faces 4 de la lingotière. On rappelle que la configuration à co-courant est synonyme d'accélération des jets (type EMLA), alors que la configuration à contre- courant, type EMLS donc, est synonyme de "freinage" des jets.Thus, when the battery of inductors 6 is raised to the maximum up to abut against the bottom of the upper box 21, the stirring configuration is in the high operating position PH. In other words, the reference point, middle of the active parts, comes to be placed at a height dimension noted PH. Although this active part of the inductors is necessarily shifted downwards relative to the level of the meniscus 9, where the stirring action is then sought, in the high functional position PH, this action is nevertheless effectively felt in the region of the meniscus. The inductors (shown in bold dashed lines in FIG. 2) are then connected to the power supply to generate a gyratory movement on the surface of the molten metal around the casting axis A. For this purpose, the two inductors 10a, 10b of the same pair 10 generate a sliding field in the same direction (from left to right in Figure 4), so having a uniform brewing effect over the entire width of the associated large face. In contrast, the direction of sliding of the field is reversed from the pair 10 to the other pair 11 on the other large face of the mold. When the battery of inductors is lowered by 10 or 15 cm downwards, so approximately halfway up the mold or even as far as against the lower box 20 (see Fig. 3a), the brewing configuration is in the low functional position PB. In the low functional position PB, the electromagnetic stirring is strongly felt at the outlets 17 of the nozzle 5, where it is then sought, although the active part of the inductors is also shifted downwards relative to this level. . The inductors are then connected to the power supply 7 so as to generate magnetic fields sliding co-current (FIG 5a) or against the current (FIG 5b) metal jets 18 leaving the gills in the direction of small faces 4 of the mold. It is recalled that the co-current configuration is synonymous with jet acceleration (EMLA type), whereas the countercurrent configuration, EMLS type, is synonymous with "braking" of the jets.
A ce stade, il peut être utile d'apporter les précisions suivantes. Comme on l'a déjà souligné au début, il se trouve en effet qu'il suffit de déplacer les inducteurs sur 10 ou 15 cm maximum vers le haut depuis une position à peu près médiane sur la lingotière pour pouvoir discriminer une action de brassage au niveau des ouïes de sortie d'une action de brassage au niveau du ménisque, et inversement. L'expérience montre que, quand bien même il ne se trouve pas localisé au cœur de la partie active des inducteurs, dès lors que l'endroit où l'on veut que s'exerce l'action de brassage sur la hauteur de la lingotière se trouve, sinon dans cette partie active, du moins dans son voisinage immédiat, cette s'avère pleinement efficiente. Au besoin d'ailleurs, la réserve de puissance délivrée par l'alimentation saura compenser l'éventuelle baisse de force électromagnétique qui naît à l'endroit d'action de brassage requis sur la hauteur de la lingotière due à Péloignement de celui-ci de la partie active des inducteurs. Ces précisions faites, on reprend le cours normal de la description. Selon l'invention, lors du passage de la position basse PB à la position haute PH, ou inversement, l'unité de commande 14 agit sur le basculeur 8 pour inverser la connexion de phases électrique de deux inducteurs quelconques situés en symétrie axiale par rapport à la busette 5, chacun sur une grande face 3 de la lingotière, de sorte à inverser le sens de glissement du champ magnétique qu'ils génèrent. Pour se faire, il suffit d'intervertir deux phases quelconques sur les trois d'une alimentation triphasée, ou d'inverser le sens du courant d'une phase dans le cas d'une alimentation biphasée.At this stage, it may be useful to make the following clarifications. As already pointed out at the beginning, it is indeed that it is enough to move the inductors up to 10 or 15 cm upwards from a position approximately median on the mold to be able to discriminate a brewing action at level of the outlets of a brewing action at the meniscus, and vice versa. Experience shows that, even if it is not located in the heart of the active part of the inductors, since the place where we want the brewing action is exercised on the height of the mold if not in this active part, at least in its immediate vicinity, this proves to be fully efficient. If necessary, the power reserve delivered by the power supply will compensate for the possible drop in electromagnetic force that is generated at the required brewing action point on the height of the mold due to its distance from the mold. the active part of the inductors. These precisions made, we resume the normal course of description. According to the invention, during the transition from the low position PB to the high position PH, or vice versa, the control unit 14 acts on the rocker 8 to invert the electrical phase connection of any two inductors located in axial symmetry with respect to each other. to the nozzle 5, each on a large face 3 of the mold, so as to reverse the direction of sliding of the magnetic field they generate. To do so, it suffices to swap any two phases on all three of a three-phase power supply, or to reverse the direction of the current of a phase in the case of a two-phase power supply.
Ainsi, le passage de la position basse PB à la position haute PH met en place un brassage générant un mouvement de rotation axiale du métal liquide dans la partie haute de la lingotière. En revanche, le passage de la position haute PH à la position basse PB laisse à l'opérateur le choix d'une assistance aux jets de métal frais issus de la busette, par brassage linéaire magnétique dont l'action peut être effectuée en accélérateur de jets (fig. 5a) ou en freinage de jets (fig. 5b).Thus, the transition from the low position PB to the high position PH sets up a stirring generating an axial rotational movement of the liquid metal in the upper part of the mold. On the other hand, the transition from the high position PH to the low position PB gives the operator the choice of assistance with the fresh metal jets from the nozzle, by magnetic linear stirring, the action of which can be carried out in accelerator. jets (Fig. 5a) or jet braking (Fig. 5b).
Plus précisément, dans le cas exemplifié sur les figures: a) On passe d'une position fonctionnelle haute PH à brassage rotatif de la fig. 4, dans laquelle par conséquent les champs magnétiques des inducteurs 10a et 10b glissent tous deux de gauche à droite et les champs des inducteurs en regard 1 la et 1 Ib glissent tous deux de droite à gauche (le contraire étant d'ailleurs parfaitement équivalent), à une position basse PB à brassage linéaire dans laquelle s'offrent deux possibilités: - soit, comme le montre la figure 5a-trajet (a), on inverse le sens de glissement du champ magnétique de l'inducteur 10a et de l'inducteur 11b (symétrique de l'inducteur 10b par rapport à l'axe de coulée A) pour se retrouver dans une configuration de brassage de type co-courant avec les jets de métal arrivant 18More precisely, in the case exemplified in the figures: a) We go from a high functional position PH to a rotary stirring of FIG. 4, in which consequently the magnetic fields of the inductors 10a and 10b both slide from left to right and the fields of the inductors opposite 1a and 1bb both slide from right to left (the opposite being moreover perfectly equivalent) at a low position PB with linear mixing in which two possibilities are offered: - or, as shown in FIG. 5a-path (a), the direction of sliding of the magnetic field of the inductor 10a and the inductor 11b (symmetrical of the inductor 10b with respect to the casting axis A) to end up in a cocurrent-type stirring configuration with the incoming metal jets 18
(mode EMLA) - soit, comme le montre la figure 5b-trajet (b), on inverse le sens de glissement du champ de l'inducteur 10b et de l'inducteur l ia (son symétrique par rapport à l'axe de coulée A) pour se retrouver dans une configuration de brassage linéaire de type à contre-courant des jets 18 (mode EMLS). b) Inversement, on passe d'une position fonctionnelle basse PB à brassage linéaire(EMLA mode) or, as shown in FIG. 5b-path (b), the direction of sliding of the field of the inductor 10b and of the inductor 11a (sound symmetrical with respect to the casting axis A) is reversed for find in a counter-current type linear mixing configuration of the jets 18 (EMLS mode). b) Inversely, we go from a low functional position PB to linear mixing
- selon le mode à co-courant (fig. 5a), à une position haute PH à brassage rotatif (fig. 4-trajet (a)) en inversant le sens de glissement du champ magnétique produit par les seuls inducteurs 10a et 1 Ib;- according to the co-current mode (FIG 5a), at a high rotational position PH (FIG 4-path (a)) by reversing the direction of sliding of the magnetic field produced by the only inductors 10a and 1 Ib ;
- ou selon le mode à contre-courant (fig.5b), à cette même position haute PH à brassage rotatif (fïg.4-trajet(b)) en inversant le sens de glissement du champ magnétique produit par les seuls inducteurs 10b et 1 la.or in the countercurrent mode (FIG. 5b), at this same high position PH with a rotary stirring (FIG. 4-path (b)) by reversing the direction of sliding of the magnetic field produced by the only inductors 10b and 1 la.
Bien entendu, l'alimentation 7 permet de délivrer des intensités de courant et de fréquences ajustables à des valeurs choisies à l'avance. L'unité de commande 14, qui lui est reliée, peut gérer cette possibilité de façon à faire varier l'intensité de la force appliquée. En effet, alors qu'en mode "accélérateur" (type EMLA), on a avantage à ce que les quatre inducteurs exercent sur le métal une force similaire, cette configuration n'est pas toujours souhaitable pour le mouvement giratoire au niveau du ménisque. Par exemple, on peut avoir avantage à ce que les deux inducteurs dont le champ glisse à l'encontre du flux de métal liquide apportent une force magnétique plus importante que les autres.Of course, the power supply 7 makes it possible to deliver current intensities and adjustable frequencies to values chosen in advance. The control unit 14, which is connected to it, can manage this possibility so as to vary the intensity of the applied force. Indeed, while in "accelerator" mode (EMLA type), it is advantageous for the four inductors to exert on the metal a similar force, this configuration is not always desirable for the gyratory movement at the meniscus. For example, it may be advantageous for the two inductors whose field slides against the flow of liquid metal to provide a greater magnetic force than the others.
Il va de soi que l'invention ne saurait se limiter aux exemples explicités dans le présent mémoire, mais qu'elle s'étend à de multiples variantes ou équivalents dans la mesure où est respectée sa définition donnée par les revendications jointes.It goes without saying that the invention can not be limited to the examples explained herein, but that it extends to multiple variants or equivalents to the extent that its definition given by the appended claims is respected.
Par exemple, un système à moteur d'entraînement unique avec chaîne et pignons dentés montés à l'extrémité des vérins à vis 12 peut remplacer le système décrit à moteurs individuels par vérins.For example, a single drive motor system with chain and sprockets mounted at the end of the screw jacks 12 can replace the described system with individual motors by jacks.
Par ailleurs, il est possible de concevoir un bobinage des enroulements des inducteurs dont les têtes de bobine (i.e. les parties électriques qui dépassent du circuit magnétique), soient, non plus verticales comme à l'ordinaire, mais repliées vers l'extérieur, au moins pour ce qui concerne les têtes de bobines supérieures. On pourra ainsi au besoin gagner un peu en distance de fin de course lorsque la batterie d'inducteurs vient en butée contre le fond du caisson de la chambre à eau supérieure pour se placer en position d'action haute.Moreover, it is possible to design a winding of the windings of the inductors whose coil heads (ie the electrical parts which protrude from the magnetic circuit), are not more vertical as usual, but folded outwards, less with regard to the upper coil heads. It will thus be possible to gain a little in end-of-travel distance when the battery of inductors comes into abutment against the bottom of the box of the upper water chamber to be placed in the high action position.
Par ailleurs encore, les conducteurs électriques formant les bobinages des inducteurs peuvent être pleins. Le maintien thermique des inducteurs pourra dans ce cas être assuré par immersion de chaque paire d'inducteurs dans un caisson étanche parcouru par une circulation de liquide de refroidissement.Moreover, the electrical conductors forming the coils of the inductors can be full. The thermal maintenance of the inductors can in this case be provided by immersion of each pair of inductors in a sealed chamber traversed by a circulation of coolant.
D'un autre coté, l'invention peut être mise en œuvre bien entendu, tant au cours d'une même coulée que entre deux coulées successives. On the other hand, the invention can be implemented of course, both during the same casting and between two successive castings.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1 — Méthode de réglage du mode de brassage électromagnétique du métal liquide sur la hauteur d'une lingotière de coulée continue de produits métalliques plats à busette immergée dotée d'ouïes de sortie latérales dirigées vers les petites parois de la lingotière, ladite lingotière étant équipée, sur chacune de ses grandes faces, d'une paire d'inducteurs linéaires polyphasés à champ magnétique glissant horizontalement selon la largeur de ladite grande face et disposés de part et d'autre de la busette, chaque inducteur étant connecté à une alimentation électrique qui pilote l'ensemble de ces quatre inducteurs en cohérence, méthode caractérisée1 - Method for adjusting the electromagnetic stirring mode of the liquid metal on the height of a continuous casting mold of flat metal products with immersed nozzle with lateral outlet openings directed towards the small walls of the mold, said mold being equipped on each of its large faces, a pair of polyphase linear magnetic field inductors sliding horizontally along the width of said large face and disposed on either side of the nozzle, each inductor being connected to a power supply which pilot all of these four inductors in coherence, method characterized
- en ce que, les inducteurs étant montés coulissant verticalement selon la hauteur de la lingotière, on passe, par translation desdits inducteurs, d'une position fonctionnelle basse PB agissant au niveau des ouïes de sortie de la busette, dans laquelle le sens de glissement du champ est inversé entre les inducteurs d'une même paire et conservé entre les inducteurs en regard l'un de l'autre sur deux paires différentes, à une position d'action fonctionnelle haute PH agissant au niveau du ménisque du métal liquide en lingotière, dans laquelle le champ glisse dans le même sens sur les inducteurs d'une même paire et en sens opposé entre les deux paires, et réciproquement;in that, since the inductors are mounted vertically sliding along the height of the mold, a low operating position PB acting at the outlet openings of the nozzle, in which the direction of sliding, is passed by translation of said inductors; of the field is inverted between the inductors of the same pair and kept between the inductors facing each other on two different pairs, at a position of high functional action PH acting at the meniscus of the liquid metal in the mold in which the field slides in the same direction on the inductors of the same pair and in opposite directions between the two pairs, and vice versa;
- et en ce que, lors du passage d'une position fonctionnelle à l'autre, on modifie la connexion des inducteurs à ladite alimentation électrique afin d'inverser le sens de glissement du champ magnétique de l'un seulement des deux inducteurs d'une même paire ainsi que de celui, parmi les deux inducteurs de l'autre paire, qui est son symétrique par rapport à l'axe de coulée.and in that, during the passage from one functional position to the other, the connection of the inductors to said power supply is modified in order to reverse the direction of sliding of the magnetic field of only one of the two inductors the same pair as that of the two inductors of the other pair, which is symmetrical with respect to the casting axis.
2 — Méthode selon la revendication 1 caractérisée en ce que lors du passage de la position basse PB à la position haute PH, on inverse la connexion électrique de deux inducteurs disposés symétriquement par rapport à l'axe de coulée sur deux paires différentes de sorte à générer un mouvement giratoire au sein du métal liquide.2 - Method according to claim 1 characterized in that during the transition from the low position PB to the high position PH, reverses the electrical connection of two inductors arranged symmetrically with respect to the casting axis on two different pairs so as to generate a gyratory movement within the liquid metal.
3 - Méthode selon la revendication 1 caractérisée en ce que lors du passage de la position haute PH à la position basse PB, on inverse la connexion électrique de deux inducteurs disposés symétriquement par rapport à l'axe de coulée sur deux paires différentes de sorte à générer un effet de brassage à cœur ou a contre-courant des jets de métal sortant des ouïes de la busette de coulée. 4- Méthode selon la revendication 3 caractérisée en ce que, dans le but de générer un effet à co-courant des jets, on inverse la connexion électrique des inducteurs dont le champ magnétique qu'ils produisaient jusque-là glissait dans un sens allant d'une petite face de la lingotière vers la busette.3 - Method according to claim 1 characterized in that during the transition from the high position PH to the low position PB, reverses the electrical connection of two inductors arranged symmetrically with respect to the casting axis on two different pairs so as to generate a brewing effect at the heart or against the current of metal jets exiting gills of the casting nozzle. 4- Method according to claim 3 characterized in that, in order to generate a co-current effect of the jets, it reverses the electrical connection of the inductors whose magnetic field that they produced hitherto slid in a direction from a small face of the mold to the nozzle.
5 - Méthode selon la revendication 3 caractérisée en ce que, dans le but de générer un effet à contre-courant des jets, on inverse la connexion électriques des inducteurs dont le champ magnétique qu'ils produisaient jusque-là glissait dans un sens allant de la busette vers une petite face de la lingotière.5 - Method according to claim 3 characterized in that, in order to generate a counter-current effect of the jets, the electrical connection of the inductors whose magnetic field they previously produced slid in a direction from the nozzle to a small face of the mold.
6- Equipement de brassage électromagnétique pour lingotière de coulée continue de produits métalliques plats comprenant une batterie (6) d'au moins quatre inducteurs linéaires (10a, 10b, 11 a, Hb) à champ magnétique glissant et une alimentation électrique polyphasée (7) connectée à chaque inducteur, caractérisé en ce que ladite alimentation est pourvue d'un basculeur de courant (8) pour au moins deux desdits inducteurs (10a à Hb), et en ce qu'il comporte en outre, d'une part, des moyens motorisés (12,13,14,16) de montage mobile de ladite batterie d'inducteurs (6) sur la lingotière destinée à la recevoir, lesdits moyens étant aptes à permettre une translation de ladite batterie entre au moins deux positions fonctionnelles PH et PB distantes l'une de l'autre sur la hauteur de la lingotière.Electromagnetic stirring equipment for continuous casting mold of flat metal products comprising a battery (6) of at least four linear inductors (10a, 10b, 11a, Hb) with a sliding magnetic field and a polyphase power supply (7). connected to each inductor, characterized in that said supply is provided with a current tilter (8) for at least two of said inductors (10a to Hb), and in that it further comprises, on the one hand, motorized means (12,13,14,16) for movably mounting said inductor battery (6) on the mold intended to receive it, said means being capable of allowing a translation of said battery between at least two functional positions PH and PB distant from each other on the height of the mold.
7- Equipement de brassage électromagnétique selon la revendication 6 caractérisé en ce que les têtes de bobines constitutives des enroulements électriques des inducteurs sont repliées vers l'extérieur, au moins pour ce qui concerne les têtes supérieures. 7- Electromagnetic stirring equipment according to claim 6 characterized in that the coil heads constituting the electrical windings of the inductors are folded outwardly, at least as regards the upper heads.
EP06820242A 2005-11-28 2006-10-18 Adjusting the mode of electromagnetic stirring over the height of a continuous casting mould Active EP1954427B1 (en)

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FR0512112A FR2893868B1 (en) 2005-11-28 2005-11-28 ADJUSTING THE ELECTROMAGNETIC BREWING MODE ON THE HEIGHT OF A CONTINUOUS CASTING LINGOTIERE
PCT/FR2006/002355 WO2007060301A1 (en) 2005-11-28 2006-10-18 Adjusting the mode of electromagnetic stirring over the height of a continuous casting mould

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CN101316670A (en) 2008-12-03
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US7938166B2 (en) 2011-05-10
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AU2006316364B2 (en) 2009-12-10
RU2008126235A (en) 2010-01-10
CA2627680A1 (en) 2007-05-31
EP1954427B1 (en) 2010-08-04
FR2893868A1 (en) 2007-06-01
CN101316670B (en) 2011-08-31
JP2009517218A (en) 2009-04-30
WO2007060301A1 (en) 2007-05-31
BRPI0618697B1 (en) 2014-07-29
KR101143827B1 (en) 2012-05-09
TW200730273A (en) 2007-08-16
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BRPI0618697A2 (en) 2011-09-06
FR2893868B1 (en) 2008-01-04
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AU2006316364A1 (en) 2007-05-31
DE602006015998D1 (en) 2010-09-16
RU2381866C1 (en) 2010-02-20
TWI389748B (en) 2013-03-21
US20080236780A1 (en) 2008-10-02

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