EP1952420B1 - Ionisierungseinrichtung, messkette zur messung der aktivität eines betastrahlung emittierenden gases und verfahren zur verwendung dieser einrichtung - Google Patents

Ionisierungseinrichtung, messkette zur messung der aktivität eines betastrahlung emittierenden gases und verfahren zur verwendung dieser einrichtung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1952420B1
EP1952420B1 EP06819576.7A EP06819576A EP1952420B1 EP 1952420 B1 EP1952420 B1 EP 1952420B1 EP 06819576 A EP06819576 A EP 06819576A EP 1952420 B1 EP1952420 B1 EP 1952420B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flanges
cathode
anode
measurement
ionization
Prior art date
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EP06819576.7A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1952420A1 (de
Inventor
Christian Le Serrec
Nicolas Bourdon
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J47/00—Tubes for determining the presence, intensity, density or energy of radiation or particles
    • H01J47/02—Ionisation chambers
    • H01J47/026—Gas flow ionisation chambers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an ionization device, a chain for measuring the activity of a gas emitting ⁇ radiation, which may for example be a tritium measurement chamber, and a method for implementing this device.
  • a tritium chain with an ionization chamber serves to measure the activity of a gas emitting ⁇ -radiation in a given gaseous environment, for example that of a glove box, that of a ventilation network of a laboratory, or that of a chimney inspection of a nuclear building.
  • the ionization chamber which is dipped directly into the medium to be controlled, provides a current proportional to the activity to be quantified.
  • a processing electronics can measure intensities between 10 -14 and 10 -8 A.
  • This ionization chamber 10 which is illustrated on the figures 1 and 2 is cylindrical in shape. It comprises a central anode 11 formed by a bar of electrically conductive material, by stainless steel example, two cylindrical lower flanges 12 and upper 13 of non-magnetic and insulating material, centered on the anode 11 and arranged perpendicularly thereto at its two ends, and a cathode 14 formed of a wire wound conductive material on the peripheral portion of these two flanges 12 and 13, thereby to surround the anode 11.
  • the anode 11 at its lower end, is connected to a first plug 16.
  • the two ends of the wire forming the cathode 14 are connected to two other plugs 16 arranged on the lower flange 12.
  • the figure 1 also illustrates a mechanical base 20, provided at its two upper and lower ends respectively with a contact holder assembly 21 and a connector 22.
  • the assembly 21 comprises four female sockets 23, able to receive four male plugs 16 arranged on the lower flange 12. These female sockets 23 are connected by conductive wires 24 to lugs of the connector 22.
  • the ionization chamber 10 is thus removable.
  • a cylindrical protective body 25 On the upper part of the flange 20 is fixed a cylindrical protective body 25, which is disassembled in the measurement phases. Also shown are a ring 26 and a nut 27 for fixing the flanges 12 and 13 to the anode, an insulating barrel 28, a stainless steel coated gasket 29.
  • these two flanges 12 and 13 are respectively provided with three openings 15 of circular shape, which allows to lighten the structure and reduce the contaminating surface.
  • This referenced document [2] also describes a ⁇ radiation emitter gas activity measurement chain which comprises an ionization chamber as described above, a preamplification assembly, a signal processing electronics and a signal cable. connection between the preamplifier assembly and the processing electronics. The electronics can be deported several meters away from the preamplifier assembly.
  • the sealed passage which is the intermediate piece between the ionization chamber and its measurement electronics, has several defects that influence the measurement quality.
  • This sealed passage in effect, provides the electrical connection between the ionization chamber placed in a potentially contaminated medium and its electronics placed in uncontaminated medium, and acts as a support for the ionization chamber. It must be subjected to a helium leak test to ensure that no radioactive material is released to the outside of the glove box.
  • the sealing of the contact flange is made using resin. This poorly polymerized resin can generate leakage currents that interfere with the measurement.
  • the measurement is parasitized by leakage currents flowing between the anode and the cathode of the ionization chamber. These currents originate from the high voltage of the ionization chamber and the presence of ambient electromagnetic fields. This results in a limitation of the measurements to minimum values of 10 -14 A. The parasitic currents are superimposed on the measurement and must therefore be eliminated.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome these disadvantages by making it possible to reduce the volumes and the masses of the elements of the measurement chain and thus, ultimately, to generate a smaller volume of potentially contaminated waste.
  • the present invention relates to a cylindrical ionization device comprising a removable ionization chamber adapted to be inserted into a base, this chamber comprising an anode formed of a central bar of electrically conductive material and a cathode of conductive material.
  • each of these two flasks integrates a parasitic current collecting circuit, and is isolated from the anode, in that the two flanges are interconnected by a bundle of wires interconnected by conductive tracks internal to these two flanges to form the cathode, and a last wire parallel to the other connects parasitic current collection circuits internal to these two flanges.
  • the base is provided at its two upper and lower ends respectively with a contact holder assembly and a connector.
  • Said assembly comprises sockets adapted to receive male plugs arranged on the lower flange. These sockets are connected by wires to lugs of the connector.
  • a cylindrical body of protection of the chamber can be fixed on the upper part of the base.
  • the present invention also relates to a chain for measuring the activity of a P-radiation emitting gas comprising such an ionization device, a preamplification assembly, which can be mounted just behind the ionization chamber, an electronics for processing the radiation. deported signal and a CAN communication link between the preamplifier assembly and the processing electronics.
  • the preamplifier assembly comprises a 24-bit analog / digital converter.
  • This measurement chain can be, for example, a tritium measurement chain.
  • an ionization chamber 30 of cylindrical shape, comprises a central anode 31 formed by a bar of electrically conductive material, for example stainless steel, two lower cylindrical flanges 32 and upper 33, centered on the anode 31 and disposed perpendicularly thereto at both ends, and a cathode 34 formed of son of conductive material, for example platinum, connected to the peripheral portion of these two flanges 32 and 33, thereby to surround the anode 31.
  • This ionization chamber is adapted to be inserted into a base 39.
  • This base 39 is provided at its upper part with a contact holder assembly 50 and, in its lower part, a connector 51.
  • the contact holder assembly 50 comprises five female sockets 52 adapted to receive five male plugs 53 disposed on the lower flange 32. These sockets 52 are connected by leads 54 to lugs of the connector 51.
  • a cylindrical body of protection of the chamber can be fixed on the upper part of the base.
  • Each of the two flanges 32 and 33 incorporates a parasitic current collection circuit. These circuits make it possible to collect the parasitic currents and to derive them from the measurement circuit via guard rings 47 and 62 which are metallized tracks, for example of diameter 10 mm surrounding the anode 31. Each of the flanges is isolated from this anode. central 31 by a PTFE ring. The guard rings 47 and 62 are connected to the electrical ground.
  • the two flanges 32 and 33 are interconnected by parallel wires welded to the conductive tracks to form the cathode 34.
  • a wire parallel to the other wires, interconnects the parasitic current collection circuits of the two flanges 32 and 33.
  • the preamplifier 85 is powered only by a single voltage valim, provided by the processing electronics 86 or an external power supply.
  • This prototype measuring chain consists of a measuring drawer, a preamplifier, a sealed passage and an ionization chamber according to the invention.
  • This measuring drawer has a CAN communication connection with its preamplifier.
  • the preamplifier includes temperature compensation and a 24-bit analog / digital converter.
  • the measurement chain of the invention is clearly more efficient than the known art chain in low activities. Indeed, the latter can not measure activities below 5.5 LDCA while the chain of the invention is quite capable and displays an average measurement of 0.85 LDCA for 1.01 LDCA injected.
  • the measurement chain of the known art measures 0.60 LDCA and the measurement chain of the invention 9.63 LDCA average.

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  • Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)
  • Other Investigation Or Analysis Of Materials By Electrical Means (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Ionisierungsvorrichtung in zylindrischer Form, umfassend eine bewegliche Ionisierungskammer (30), die dazu geeignet ist, in einen Sockel (39) eingesetzt zu werden, wobei diese Kammer eine Anode (31) umfasst, die aus einem zentralen Stab aus einem elektrisch leidenden Material gebildet ist, und eine Kathode (34) aus einem elektrisch leitenden Material umfasst, welche die Anode umgibt, wobei alle beide mit zwei zylindrischen Flanschen (32, 33) verbunden sind, die auf die Anode (31) zentriert und senkrecht zu dieser an deren zwei Enden angeordnet sind, wobei die Kathode (34) aus Drähten gebildet ist, die an dem Umfangsteil der zwei Flansche (32, 33) verbunden sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jeder der zwei Flansche (32, 33) einen Schaltkreis zum Sammeln parasitärer Ströme aufnimmt und von der Anode (31) isoliert ist, dass die zwei Flansche (32, 33) miteinander durch ein Bündel von Drähten verbunden sind, die untereinander durch Leiterbahnen intern an diesen zwei Flanschen verbunden sind, um die Kathode (34) zu bilden, und dass ein letzter Draht parallel zu den anderen die Schaltkreise zum Sammeln parasitärer Ströme verbindet, die intern an den beiden Flanschen ausgebildet sind.
  2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Sockel (39) an seinem oberen und unteren Ende jeweils mit einer Anordnung aus Kontaktträgern (50) und einem Anschluss (51) ausgestattet ist.
  3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, wobei die Anordnung (50) weibliche Steckverbinder (52) umfasst, die dazu geeignet sind, männliche Steckverbinder (53) aufzunehmen, die an dem unteren Flansch (32) angeordnet sind, und wobei die weiblichen Steckverbinder durch leitende Drähte (54) mit Hülsen von dem Anschluss (51) verbunden sind.
  4. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, wobei ein zylindrischer Körper zum Schutz der Kammer an dem oberen Teil des Sockels befestigt ist.
  5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, wobei der untere Flansch (32) männliche Steckverbinder umfasst:
    einen zentralen Steckverbinder (35) des Mess-Schaltkreises,
    einen oder mehrere radiale(n) Steckverbinder (36), um die Hochspannung zuzuführen,
    einen anderen radialen Steckverbinder (37) für das Sammeln von parasitären Strömen.
  6. Messkette für die Aktivität eines Gases, welches β-Strahlung abgibt, umfassend eine Ionisierungsvorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, eine Vorverstärkeranordnung (85), eine Verarbeitungselektronik für das Signal (86) und eine Verbindung vom CAN-Typ (84) zwischen der Vorverstärkeranordnung und der Verarbeitungselektronik.
  7. Messkette nach Anspruch 6, wobei die Vorverstärkeranordnung (85) einen 24-Bit Analog-Digital-Wandler (88) umfasst.
  8. Messkette nach Anspruch 6, die eine Tritium-Messkette ist.
  9. Verfahren zum Verwenden der Ionisierungsvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, wobei man während der Messung einen Heizstrom in der Kathode (34) zirkulieren lässt.
  10. Verfahren zum Verwenden der Ionisierungsvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, wobei man einen Heizstrom in der Kathode (34) zirkulieren lässt, bei einem Vakuum-Ausheizen zur Dekontamination, wobei die Temperatur höher als 400°C ist.
EP06819576.7A 2005-11-25 2006-11-17 Ionisierungseinrichtung, messkette zur messung der aktivität eines betastrahlung emittierenden gases und verfahren zur verwendung dieser einrichtung Active EP1952420B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0553600A FR2894064B1 (fr) 2005-11-25 2005-11-25 Dispositif d'ionisation, chaine de mesure d'activite d'un gaz emetteur de rayonnement beta et procede de mise en oeuvre de ce dispositif
PCT/EP2006/068602 WO2007060138A1 (fr) 2005-11-25 2006-11-17 Dispositif d'ionisation, chaine de mesure d'activite d'un gaz emetteur de rayonnement beta et procede de mise en oeuvre de ce dispositif

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1952420A1 EP1952420A1 (de) 2008-08-06
EP1952420B1 true EP1952420B1 (de) 2017-07-05

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EP06819576.7A Active EP1952420B1 (de) 2005-11-25 2006-11-17 Ionisierungseinrichtung, messkette zur messung der aktivität eines betastrahlung emittierenden gases und verfahren zur verwendung dieser einrichtung

Country Status (3)

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EP (1) EP1952420B1 (de)
FR (1) FR2894064B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2007060138A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106783503B (zh) * 2017-03-10 2018-05-25 山东中测校准质控技术有限公司 一种空心圆柱型收集极诊断电离室
GB202112564D0 (en) * 2021-09-03 2021-10-20 Secr Defence Improvements in ionisation chambers

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3337734A (en) * 1965-01-29 1967-08-22 Talbot A Chubb Space charge limited avalanche counter for ultra-violet radiation detection
US3372295A (en) * 1966-03-03 1968-03-05 Atomic Energy Commission Usa Air proportional alpha detector
US4031396A (en) * 1975-02-28 1977-06-21 General Electric Company X-ray detector
US4047040A (en) * 1976-05-06 1977-09-06 General Electric Company Gridded ionization chamber
FR2792772B1 (fr) * 1999-04-20 2001-05-18 Commissariat Energie Atomique Chambre d'ionisation, chaine de mesure d'activite d'un gaz emetteur de rayonnement beta et procede de mise en oeuvre de celle-ci

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2894064B1 (fr) 2009-05-15
WO2007060138A1 (fr) 2007-05-31
EP1952420A1 (de) 2008-08-06
FR2894064A1 (fr) 2007-06-01

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