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Definitions

• the present invention relates to thiazoles of formula (I) or a salt or a physiologically functional or acceptable derivative or a stereoisomer thereof, for the use as a medicament.
• the compounds of the invention are useful for the treatment of diseases associated with abnormal and hyperproliferation of cells in mammals, especially humans. Furthermore a process of preparing said thiazole derivatives is disclosed.
• Protein kinases play a central role in the regulation of cellular functions. These include processes like cell growth and division, cell differentiation and cell death, but also many other cellular activities. Protein kinases catalyze the transfer of phosphate residues from ATP to target proteins. As a consequence of this protein kinase mediated phosphorylation, the three-dimensional structure and thereby the physiological function of the target protein change. Depending on the amino acid which is phosphorylated by a protein kinase, these enzymes are grouped in two families, the so-called serine/threonine protein kinases and the tyrosine protein kinases.
• oncogenes are pathologically modified genes which in their proto- oncogenic form encode for protein kinases involved in normal, physiological regulation of cell growth and division. Since protein kinases are key regulators of cell functions and since they can show dysregulated enzymatic activity in cells, they are promising targets for the development of therapeutic agents. There are many ongoing drug discovery projects in the pharmaceutical industry with the goal to identify modulators of protein kinases. The major focus is currently on protein kinases involved in inflammation and cancer, but protein kinases are also currently discussed as promising targets in almost every type of diseases.
• the first protein kinase inhibitors In the field of tumors, the first protein kinase inhibitors (Gleevec, Iressa, Tarceva, Sorafenib, Sutent, Dasatinib ) have already reached the market. In addition, a great number of protein kinase inhibitors are currently in various phases of clinical development. In most cases these compounds target either subtypes of the EGF (Epidermal Growth Factor) receptor family or of the VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor) receptor family. Almost all of these compounds have been developed with the goal to specifically inhibit one particular protein kinase, for which there is evidence that it interferes with one of the four major molecular processes of tumor progression.
• EGF Epidermatitis factor
• VEGF Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
• the present invention relates to thiazole derivatives which may be useful for inhibition of protein kinases involved in diseases besides cancer, but which are especially useful as antitumor agents.
• a compound could be an inhibitor of tumor angiogenesis and, in addition, also a stimulator of apoptosis.
• multi-target protein kinase inhibitors The concept of multi-target protein kinase inhibitors is a new approach although the idea of developing "multiplex protein kinase inhibitors" has already been described by J. Adams et al., Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 6, 486-492, 2002. Therein compounds are described, which inhibit several protein kinases at the same time, which howeverbut all are involved in one molecular mechanism of tumor progression, namely tumor angiogenesis.
• Thiazole derivatives described herein are a new group of protein kinase inhibitors which show differential inhibition of protein kinases, each of which can be assigned to one of the four molecular mechanisms of tumor development.
• the present invention relates to compounds of the general formula (I) or a salt or a physiologically functional derivative or a stereoisomer thereof,
• R 2 is attached at the 4- or 5-position of the thiazole ring and is hydrogen, alkyl, halogen, cyano, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, or alkylamino;
• R 1 is attached at the 4- or 5-position of the thiazole ring and independently represents one of the following groups of the general formula (II):
• n 1, 2, or 3;
• R 5 is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, or heteroarylalkyl; or A and R 5 together form an isoindol-l,3-dione-2-yl-ring which may be independently substituted by one to three substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, CF 3 , CHF 2 , CH 2 F, OCF 3 , cyano, hydroxy, amino, nitro, alkoxy, alkylamino, alkyl, ethynyl, alkoxy, and haloalkoxy;
• R' is hydrogen, halogen, cyano, hydroxy, amino, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylamino, cycloalkyl, haloalkoxy, or haloalkyl;
• R 7 is hydrogen, halogen, cyano, hydroxy, amino, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylamino, cycloalkyl, haloalkoxy, or haloalkyl, or if the dotted line represents a double bond then R 7 is absent;
• R is hydrogen, halogen, cyano, hydroxy, amino, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylamino, cycloalkyl, haloalkoxy, or haloalkyl; or R 8 and R 6 together form a 3- to 8-membered saturated or unsaturated monocyclic ring, which may contain further heteroatoms selected from N, O or S and wherein one or more carbon atoms may be independently substituted by one to three substituents selected from halogen, CF 3 , CHF 2 , CH 2 F, OCF 3 , CN, OH, amino, nitro, alkoxy, alkylamino, alkyl, ethynyl, alkoxy, or haloalkoxy;
• R ! is hydrogen, halogen, cyano, hydroxy, amino, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylamino, cycloalkyl, haloalkoxy, or haloalkyl, or if the dotted line represents a double bond then R 9 is absent;
• R 12 is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, or heteroaryl;
• R 13 is hydrogen; alkyl, or cycloalkyl
• X independently represents a divalent linkage group selected from S, O, NR 4 , SO, or
• R 4 is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, or heterocyclyl;
• R 3 independently represents one of the following groups, which may be independently substituted by one to three substituents R 18 via the aromatic carbon atoms:
• Z is O, NR 16 , or S
• R 14 is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, or -E'-R 19 ;
• R I 5 is hydrogen or alkyl;
• R 16 is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl;
• R 17 is hydrogen or -E 2 -R 19 ;
• R 18 is hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylamino, alkyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, cyano, nitro, or -E 3 -R 19 ;
• L is absent or represents a divalent linkage group selected from alkylene, cycloalkylene, heterocyclylene, arylene, or heteroarylene, wherein one or more of the (-CH 2 -) groups may be replaced by an oxygen or a NR 15 , and wherein one or more carbon atoms may be independently substituted by one or two substituents selected from halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, phoshonooxy, or phoshonooxyalkyl;
• X 1 is CH, N, or O
• R 20 is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, or X 1 together with R 20 and R 21 form a 3- to 10-membered mono- or bicyclic, saturated, or unsaturated ring, which may contain further heteroatoms like N, O, S, SO, or SO 2 and wherein one or more carbon atoms may be independently substituted by R 2 and each of the nitrogen atoms may be independently substituted by R ;
• R 21 is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl;
• R 22 is halogen, alkoxy, alkyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, phosphonooxy, or phosphonooxyalkyl;
• R 23 is hydrogen, alkyl, -CO-CH 2 -OH, or -CO-CH 2 -O-PO(OH) 2 .
• an alkyl group if not stated otherwise, denotes a linear or branched Ci-C ⁇ -alkyl, preferably a linear or branched chain of one to five carbon atoms;
• an alkenyl group if not stated otherwise, denotes a linear or branched C 2 -C 6 - alkenyl;
• an alkynyl group if not stated otherwise, denotes a linear or branched C 2 -C 6 - alkynyl group, which may be substituted by one or more substituents R'.
• alkyl is to be understood to encompass alkyl, alkenyl and alkynyl.
• R independently represents H, -CO 2 R", -CONHR", -CR/ O, -SO 2 NR", -NR" -CO- haloalkyl, -NO 2 , -NR"-SO 2 -haloalkyl, -NR"-SO 2 -alkyl, -SO 2 -alkyl, -NR"-CO-alkyl, -CN, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aminoalkyl, alkylamino, alkoxy, -OH, -SH, alkylthio, hydroxyalkyl, hydroxyalkylamino, halogen, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, aryl, arylalkyl or heteroaryl;
• R' independently represents H, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl or aminoalkyl;
• a cycloalkylene group denotes a divalent non-aromatic ring system containing three to eight carbon atoms, preferably four to eight carbon atoms, wherein one or more of the carbon atoms in the ring may be substituted by a group E, E being O, S, SO, SO 2 , N, or NR ⁇ ⁇ R ⁇ ⁇ being as defined above;
• a heterocyclylene group denotes a 3 to 8-membered divalent heterocyclic non-aromatic group which contains at least one heteroatom selected from O, N, and S, wherein the heterocyclylene group may be fused to another non-aromatic ring and may be substituted by one or more substituents R ⁇ wherein R ⁇ is as defined above;
• an arylene group denotes an aromatic divalent group having five to fifteen carbon atoms, which may be substituted by one or more substituents R ⁇ and may be fused to another aromatic ring, where R' is as defined above;
• a heteroarylene group denotes a divalent 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic group, which contains at least one heteroatom selected from O, N, and S, which may be fused to another aromatic ring, and which may be substituted by one or more substituents R ⁇ wherein R ⁇ is as defined above;
• a cycloalkyl group denotes a non-aromatic ring system containing three to eight carbon atoms, preferably four to eight carbon atoms, wherein one or more of the carbon atoms in the ring may be substituted by a group E, E being O, S, SO, SO 2 , N, or NR", R" being as defined above;
• the C 3 -C 8 -cycloalkyl residue may be selected from the group consisting of -cyclo-C 3 H 5 , -cyclo-C 4 H 7 , -CyCIo-C 5 H 9 , -cyclo-C 6 H ⁇ , -CyCIo-C 7 H 13 , -cyclo-CgHis, morpholine-4-yl, piperazinyl, and l-alkylpiperazine-4-yl;
• an alkoxy group denotes an O-alkyl group, the alkyl group being as defined above; the alkoxy group is preferably a methoxy, ethoxy, isopropoxy, t-butoxy or pentoxy group;
• an alkylthio group denotes a S-alkyl group, the alkyl group being as defined above;
• a haloalkyl group denotes a alkyl group which is substituted by one to five halogen atoms, the alkyl group being as defined above; the haloalkyl group is preferably a -C(R 10 ) 3 , -CR 10 (R 10' ) 2 , -CR 10 (R 10' )R 10" , -C 2 (R 10 ) 5 , -CH 2 -C(R 10 ) 3 , -CH 2 -CR 10 (R 10' ) 2 , -CH 2 - CR 10 (R 10' )R 10" , -C 3 (R 10 ) 7 , or -C 2 H 4 -C(R 10 ) 3, wherein R 10 , R 10' , R 10" represent F, Cl, Br or I, preferably F;
• a hydroxyalkyl group denotes a HO-alkyl group, the alkyl group being as defined above;
• a haloalkoxy group denotes an alkoxy group which is substituted by one to five halogen atoms, the alkyl group being as defined above; the haloalkoxy group is preferably a -OC(R 10 ) 3 , -OCR 10 (R 10' ) 2 , -OCR 10 (R 10' )R 10" , -OC 2 (R 10 ) 5 , -OCH 2 -C(R 1 V -OCH 2 - CR I0 (R 10' ) 2 , -OCH 2 -CR 10 (R 10' )R 10" , -OC 3 (R 10 ) 7 or -OC 2 H 4 -C(R 1 V wherein R 10 , R 10' , R 10" represent F, Cl, Br or I, preferably F;
• a hydroxyalkylamino group denotes a (HO-alkyl) 2 -N- group or HO-alkyl-NH- group, the alkyl group being as defined above;
• an alkylamino group denotes a HN-alkyl or N-dialkyl group, the alkyl group being as defined above;
• a halogen group is fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine
• an aryl group denotes an aromatic group having five to fifteen carbon atoms, which may be substituted by one or more substituents R ⁇ and may be fused to another aromatic ring, where R ⁇ is as defined above; the aryl group is preferably a phenyl group, -0-C 6 H 4 - R ⁇ -m- C 6 H 4 - R", -P-C 6 H 4 - R ⁇ 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, 1-anthracenyl or 2-anthracenyl; a heteroaryl group denotes a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic group which contains at least one heteroatom like O, N, S. This heterocyclic group can be fused to another aromatic ring.
• this group can be selected from a thiadiazole, thiazol-2-yl, thiazol-4-yl, thiazol-5-yl, isothiazol-3-yl, isothiazol-4-yl, isothiazol-5-yl, oxazol-2-yl, oxazol-4-yl, oxazol-5-yl, isooxazol-3-yl, isooxazol-4-yl, isooxazol-5-yl, l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl, 1,2,4- oxadiazol-5-yl, l,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl, l,2,5-oxadiazol-4-yl, l,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl, 1,2,4- thiadiazol-5-yl, isothiazol-3-yl, isothiazol-4-yl, isothiazol-5-yl, l,
• a heterocyclyl group denotes a 3 to 8-membered heterocyclic non-aromatic group which contains at least one heteroatom selected from O, N, and S, wherein the heterocyclyl group may be fused to another non-aromatic ring and may be substituted by one or more substituents R ⁇ wherein R" is as defined above;
• the invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition
• a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (I), in free form or in the form of pharmaceutically acceptable salts and physiologically functional derivatives, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier therefore.
• physiologically functional derivative refers to compounds which are not pharmaceutically active themselves but which are transformed into their pharmaceutical active form in vivo, i.e. in the subject to which the compound is administered.
• physiologically functional derivatives are prodrugs such as those described below in the present application.
• prodrug refers to compounds which are not pharmaceutically active themselves but which are transformed into their pharmaceutical active form in vivo, i.e. in the subject to which the compound is administered.
• Prodrugs of the compounds of the present invention include but are not limited to: esters, which are transformed in vivo into the corresponding active alcohol or corresponding active acid; imines, which are transformed in vivo into the corresponding amines, or are metabolized in vivo into the corresponding active carbonyl derivative (e.g.
• stereoisomer refers to an isomer of a compound with at least one stereogenic center, which can be R- or S-configurated. The term includes enantiomers and diastereoisomers. It is to be understood, that in compounds with more than one stereogenic center each of the stereogenic centers independently from each other can be R- or S- configurated.
• stereoisomer as used herein also refers to salts of the compounds herein described with optically active acids or bases.
• stereoisomer also means cis/trans or E/Z isomerism. More particularly, the possible double bond(s) present in the various substituent of the compounds of the present invention can be E or Z configuration.
• stereoisomer includes also all the isomeric forms, alone or as mixture, resulting from the presence of one or more axes and / or centers of symmetry in the molecules, and resulting in the rotation of a beam of polarized light. More particularly, it includes enatiomers and diastereomers, in pure form or as a mixture.
• the present invention provides methods for preparing the compounds of the invention such as compounds of formula (I).
• the compounds of formula (I) may be obtained via various methods.
• Either nucleophilic substitution or palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling may be applied for this reaction step.
• X NR 4
• R 4 may be added before or after addition of R 3 .
• Compounds of formula (VII) may be synthesized by bromination of ketones or aldehydes described e.g. by Eriks et al., J. Med. Chem. 1992, 36, 3239-3246, or Zheng et al., J. Med. Chem. 1999, 42, 2287-2294.
• An alternative way in the synthesis of a compound of formula (I), comprises the reaction of a compound of formula (X) with a nucleophile of formula (XI),
• the bond between the carbon atom having the substituents R 8 and R 9 and the carbon atom having the substituents R 6 and R 7 may be a single bond or a double bond.
• An alternative way in the synthesis of a compound of formula (I), comprises the reaction of a compound of formula (XX) with a compound of formula (XXI),
• a compound of the general formula (X) can be synthesized from a compound of the general formula (XII) by deprotection and activation as known in the art,
• formula (XII) formula (X) wherein R 2 , R 3 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , A, and X are as defined above, PG is a protecting group for instance described in T. W. Green, P. G. M. Wuts, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1999, and LG representing a leaving group as known in the art, e.g. Cl, Br, or I.
• One exemplary deprotection and activation step is the ester hydrolysis with LiOH and conversion of the resulting acid into the acid chloride by reacting it with thionyl chloride.
• a compound of formula (XII) can be synthesized by reaction of a compound of formula (XIII) with a compound of formula (VI), l) formula (XIII)
• a compound of the formula (XII) can be synthesized by reacting a compound of the formula (XIV) with a compound of formula (IX)
• a preferred embodiment of the invention is a compound of the formula (I), wherein X is NH.
• a more preferred embodiment of the invention is compounds of formula (I) where R 1 is at the 4-position of the thiazole ring.
• a more preferred embodiment of the invention is compounds of formula (I) where R 1 is at the 5-position of the thiazole ring.
• a more preferred embodiment of the invention is compounds of formula (I) where R 1 is at the 4-position of the thiazole ring and X is NH.
• a preferred embodiment of the invention are compounds of the formula (XVII),
• a more preferred embodiment of the invention is compounds of formula (I) where R 3 is an optionally by R 18 substituted quinazoline and R 18 being as defined above.
• Another preferred embodiment of the invention is compounds of the formula (XVIII),
• Another preferred embodiment of the invention is compounds of the formula (XIX),
• a preferred embodiment of the invention is compounds of formula (XIX) where A is ⁇ — C( 1 K))NR 12 -, and where ⁇ — indicates the point of attachment to R 5 , and R 12 is as defined above.
• the invention provides compounds of formula (I) where R 5 is an aryl or heteroaryl group which may be independently substituted by one to three halogen, CF 3 , CHF 2 , CH 2 F, OCF 3 , cyano, hydroxy, amino, nitro, alkoxy, alkylamino, alkyl, ethynyl, alkoxy, and haloalkoxy.
• the invention provides compounds of formula
• R 5 is an aryl or heteroaryl group which may be independently substituted by one to three halogen, CF 3 , CHF 2 , CH 2 F, OCF 3 , cyano, hydroxy, amino, nitro, alkoxy, alkylamino, alkyl, ethynyl, alkoxy, and haloalkoxy.
• the invention provides compounds of formula (XVIII) where R 5 is an aryl or heteroaryl group which may be independently substituted by one to three halogen, CF 3 , CHF 2 , CH 2 F, OCF 3 , cyano, hydroxy, amino, nitro, alkoxy, alkylamino, alkyl, ethynyl, alkoxy, and haloalkoxy.
• the invention provides compounds of formula (XIX) where R 5 is an aryl or heteroaryl group which may be independently substituted by one to three halogen, CF 3 , CHF 2 , CH 2 F, OCF 3 , cyano, hydroxy, amino, nitro, alkoxy, alkylamino, alkyl, ethynyl, and haloalkoxy.
• the invention provides compounds of formula
• the invention provides compounds of formula _ (XDC) where R 18 is methoxy.
• the invention provides compounds of formula (XVIII) where R 18 is methoxy and R 19 is selected from 2-morpholin-4-yl-ethyl, 3- morpholin-4-yl-propyl, 2-(4-methyl-piperazin-l-yl)-ethyl, 3 -(4-methyl-piperazin- 1-yl)- propyl, 2-pyrrolidin-l-yl-ethyl, 3-pyrrolidin-l-yl-propyl, 2-(l-methyl-piperidin-4-yl)-ethyl, 3-(l-methyl-piperidin-4-yl)-propyl, 2-dimethylamino-ethyl, 3-dimethylamino-propyl, (3- morpholin-4-yl)-2-hydroxy-propyl, [3 -(4-methyl-piperazin- 1 -yl)] -2 -hydroxy-propyl, (3 - pyrrolidin-l-yl
• the invention provides compounds of formula (XIX) where R 18 is methoxy and R 19 is selected from 2-morpholin-4-yl-ethyl, 3-morpholin- 4-yl-propyl, 2-(4-methyl-piperazin-l-yl)-ethyl, 3-(4-methyl-piperazin-l-yl)-propyl, 2- pyrrolidin-1 -yl-ethyl, 3-pyrrolidin-l-yl-propyl, 2-(l-methyl-piperidin-4-yl)-ethyl, 3-(l- methyl-piperidin-4-yl)-propyl, 2-dimethylamino-ethyl, 3-dimethylamino-propyl, (3- morpholin-4-yl)-2-hydroxy-propyl, [3 -(4-methyl-piperazin- 1 -yl)] -2-hydroxy-propyl, (3 - pyrrolidin-l-yl)
• Exemplary compounds of formula (I) of the present invention include, but are not limited to, the following:
• the compounds of the present invention can form salts with inorganic or organic acids or bases.
• pharmaceutically acceptable salts comprise without limitation non- toxic inorganic or organic salts such as acetate derived from acetic acid, aconitate derived from aconitic acid, ascorbate derived from ascorbic acid, benzoate derived from benzoic acid, cinnamate derived from cinnamic acid, citrate derived from citric acid, embonate derived from embonic acid, enantate derived from heptanoic acid, formiate derived from formic acid, fumarate derived from fumaric acid, glutamate derived from glutamic acid, glycolate derived from glycolic acid, chloride derived from hydrochloric acid, bromide derived from hydrobromic acid, lactate derived from lactic acid, maleate derived from maleic acid, malonate derived from malonic acid, mandelate derived from mandelic acid, methanesulfonate derived from me
• Salts of phosphonoxy- and phosphonoxyalkyl groups may be those formed with alkali metal ions e.g. sodium or potassium, or those formed with alkaline earth metal ions e. g. calcium or magnesium, or those formed with zinc ions or others known in the art [see for example Handbook of Pharmaceutical Salts, Ed. P. H. Stahl, CG. Wermuth, Zurich 2002].
• Such salts of the compounds of the present invention may be anhydrous or solvated. Such salts can be produced by methods known to someone skilled in the art and described in the prior art.
• salts like oxalate derived from oxalic acid which is not considered as pharmaceutically acceptable can be appropriate as intermediates for the production of compounds of the present invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a prodrug or a stereoisomer thereof.
• the compounds according to the invention and medicaments prepared therewith are generally useful for treating, relieving, and/or preventing cell proliferation disorders, for the treatment or prophylaxis of immunological diseases and conditions (as for instance inflammatory diseases, neuroimmunological diseases, autoimmune diseases or other).
• the compounds of the present invention are especially useful for treating, relieving, and/or preventing diseases which are caused by malignant cell proliferation, such as all forms of solid tumors, leukemias and lymphomas. Therefore the compounds according to the invention and medicaments prepared therewith are generally useful for regulating cell activation, cell proliferation, cell survival, cell differentiation, cell cycle, cell maturation and cell death or to induce systemic changes in metabolism such as changes in sugar, lipid or protein metabolism.
• cell generation poiesis including blood cell growth and generation (prohematopoietic effect) after depletion or destruction of cells, as caused by, for example, toxic agents, radiation, immunotherapy, growth defects, malnutrition, malabsorption, immune dysregulation, anemia and the like or to provide a therapeutic control of tissue generation and degradation, and therapeutic modification of cell and tissue maintenance and blood cell homeostasis.
• cancer such as hematological tumors (e.g. leukemia, myeloma), or lymphomas (e.g. Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma), or solid tumors (for example breast, prostate, liver, bladder, lung, esophageal, stomach, colorectal, genitourinary, gastrointestinal, skin, pancreatic, brain, uterine, colon, head and neck, cervical, and ovarian, melanoma, astrocytoma, small cell lung cancer, non- small cell lung cancer, glioma, basal and squamous cell carcinoma, sarcomas as Kaposi's sarcoma and osteosarcoma).
• hematological tumors e.g. leukemia, myeloma
• lymphomas e.g. Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
• solid tumors for example breast, prostate, liver, bladder, lung,
• thiazole derivatives as new pharmaceutically active agents, especially for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for treating, relieving, and/or preventing diseases which are cured, relieved, or prevented by the inhibition of one or several kinases and/or phosphatases.
• the compounds of formula (I), formula (XVII), formula (XVIII), and formula (XIX) may be used for treating and/or preventing diseases by inhibition of one ore more kinases such as: Aurora-A, Aurora-B, EGF-R, ERBB2, PDGFR, FLT3, IGFl-R, VEGF-Rl, VEGF-R2, VEGF-R3, EPHB4, TIE2, FAK, SRC, c-KIT, TRK-A, TRK-B, and RET.
• kinases such as: Aurora-A, Aurora-B, EGF-R, ERBB2, PDGFR, FLT3, IGFl-R, VEGF-Rl, VEGF-R2, VEGF-R3, EPHB4, TIE2, FAK, SRC, c-KIT, TRK-A, TRK-B, and RET.
• the compounds according to the invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or physiologically functional derivative or a stereoisomer thereof if desired with appropriate adjuvants and additives can be used for the production of a medicament for the treatment or prevention of a disease characterized by hyperproliferation of keratinocytes and/or T cells, especially inflammatory disorders and immune disorders, preferably selected from the group consisting of Addison's disease, alopecia areata, Ankylosing spondylitis, haemolytic anemia (anemia haemolytica), pernicious anemia (anemia perniciosa), aphthae, aphthous stomatitis, arthritis, arteriosclerotic disorders, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, aspermiogenese, asthma bronchiale, autoimmuneasthma, autoimrnunehemolysis, Bechet's disease, Boeck's disease, inflammatory bowel disease, Burkitt's lymph
• the compounds according to the invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or physiologically functional derivative or a stereoisomer thereof if desired with appropriate adjuvants and additives can be used for the production of a medicament for the treatment or prevention of a disease selected from a group consisting of colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), pancreatic cancer, thyroid carcinoma, esophageal tumors, prostate cancer, lung carcinoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), chronic myolomonocytic leukemia (CMML), acute myologenous leukemia (AML), and acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL).
• a disease selected from a group consisting of colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), pancreatic cancer, thyroid carcinoma, esophageal tumors, prostate cancer, lung carcinoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), chronic myolomonocytic leukemia (CMML), acute my
• Treatment is intended to mean complete or partial healing of a disease, prevention of a disease, or alleviation of a disease or stop of progression of a given disease.
• the compounds of the present invention can further be used for treating diseases that are caused by protozoal infestations in humans and animals.
• the compounds of the present invention can further be used for viral infections.
• the invention relates to a method of treatment or prevention of diseases which comprises the administration of an effective amount of compounds of the present invention, or a salt or prodrug or a stereoisomer thereof.
• the compounds of the according invention and their pharmacologically acceptable salts or derivatives can be administered to animals, preferably to mammals, and in particular to humans as therapeutics per se, as mixtures with one another or in the form of pharmaceutical preparations which allow enteral or parenteral use and which as active constituent contain an effective dose of at least one compound of the formula (I), or a salt thereof, in addition to customary pharmaceutically innocuous excipients and additives.
• the production of medicaments containing the compounds of formula (I), according to the invention and their application can be performed according to well-known pharmaceutical methods.
• the compounds according to the invention for use in therapy may be administered in the form of the raw chemical compound, it is preferred to introduce the active ingredient, optionally in the form of a physiologically acceptable salt in a pharmaceutical composition together with one or more adjuvants, excipients, carriers, buffers, diluents, and/or other customary pharmaceutical auxiliaries.
• Such salts of the compounds may be anhydrous or solvated.
• the invention provides medicaments comprising compounds according to the invention, or a salt or a prodrug or a stereoisomer thereof, together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers thereof, and, optionally, other therapeutic and/or prophylactic ingredients.
• the carrier(s) must be "acceptable” in the sense of being compatible with the other ingredients of the formulation and not harmful to the recipient thereof.
• a medicament of the invention may be those suitable for oral, rectal, bronchial, nasal, topical, buccal, sub-lingual, transdermal, vaginal or parenteral (including cutaneous, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, intravenous, intraarterial, intracerebral, intraocular injection or infusion) administration, or those in a form suitable for administration by inhalation or insufflation, including powders and liquid aerosol administration, or by sustained release systems.
• sustained release systems include semipermeable matrices of solid hydrophobic polymers containing the compound of the invention, which matrices may be in form of shaped articles, e.g. films or microcapsules.
• pharmaceutically acceptable carriers can be either solid or liquid.
• Solid form preparations include powders, tablets, pills, capsules, cachets, suppositories, and dispersible granules.
• a solid carrier can be one or more substances which may also act as diluents, flavoring agents, solubilizers, lubricants, suspending agents, binders, preservatives, tablet disintegrating agents, or an encapsulating material.
• the carrier is a finely divided solid which is in a mixture with the finely divided active component.
• the active component is mixed with the carrier having the necessary binding capacity in suitable proportions and compacted in the shape and size desired.
• Suitable carriers are magnesium carbonate, magnesium stearate, talc, sugar, lactose, pectin, dextrin, starch, gelatin, tragacanth, methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, a low melting wax, cocoa butter, and the like.
• the term "preparation” is intended to include the formulation of the active compound with encapsulating material as carrier providing a capsule in which the active component, with or without carriers, is surrounded by a carrier, which is thus in association with it.
• cachets and lozenges are included. Tablets, powders, capsules, pills, cachets, and lozenges can be used as solid forms suitable for oral administration.
• a low melting wax such as a mixture of fatty acid glyceride or cocoa butter
• the active component is dispersed homogeneously therein, as by stirring.
• the molten homogenous mixture is then poured into convenient sized moulds, allowed to cool, and thereby to solidify.
• Compositions suitable for vaginal administration may be presented as pessaries, tampons, creams, gels, pastes, foams or sprays containing in addition to the active ingredient such carriers as are known in the art to be appropriate.
• Liquid preparations include solutions, suspensions, and emulsions, for example, water or water-propylene glycol solutions.
• parenteral injection liquid preparations can be formulated as solutions in aqueous polyethylene glycol solution.
• the compounds according to the present invention may be formulated for parenteral administration (e.g. by injection, for example bolus injection or continuous infusion) and may be presented in unit dose form in ampoules, pre-filled syringes, small volume infusion or in multi-dose containers with an added preservative.
• the compositions may take such forms as suspensions, solutions, or emulsions in oily or aqueous vehicles, and may contain formulation agents such as suspending, stabilizing and/or dispersing agents.
• the active ingredient may be in powder form, obtained by aseptic isolation of sterile solid or by lyophilization from solution, for constitution with a suitable vehicle, e.g. sterile, pyrogen-free water, before use.
• Aqueous solutions suitable for oral use can be prepared by dissolving the active component in water and adding suitable colorants, flavors, stabilizing and thickening agents, as desired.
• Aqueous suspensions suitable for oral use can be made by dispersing the finely divided active component in water with viscous material, such as natural or synthetic gums, resins, methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, or other well known suspending agents.
• solid form preparations which are intended to be converted, shortly before use, to liquid form preparations for oral administration.
• liquid forms include solutions, suspensions, and emulsions.
• These preparations may contain, in addition to the active component, colorants, flavors, stabilizers, buffers, artificial and natural sweeteners, dispersants, thickeners, solubilizing agents, and the like.
• the medicament is applied topically. This reduces possible side effects and limits the necessary treatment to those areas affected.
• the medicament is prepared in form of an ointment, a gel, a plaster, an emulsion, a lotion, a foam, a cream of a mixed phase or amphiphilic emulsion system (oil/water-water/oil mixed phase), a liposome, a Transfersome®, a paste or a powder.
• an ointment a gel, a plaster, an emulsion, a lotion, a foam, a cream of a mixed phase or amphiphilic emulsion system (oil/water-water/oil mixed phase), a liposome, a Transfersome®, a paste or a powder.
• Ointments and creams may, for example, be formulated with an aqueous or oily base with the addition of suitable thickening and/or gelling agents.
• Lotions may be formulated with an aqueous or oily base and will in general also contain one or more emulsifying agents, stabilizing agents, dispersing agents, suspending agents, thickening agents, or coloring agents.
• compositions suitable for topical administration in the mouth include lozenges comprising the active agent in a flavored base, usually sucrose and acacia or tragacanth; pastilles comprising the active ingredient in an inert base such as gelatin and glycerin or sucrose and acacia; and mouthwashes comprising the active ingredient in a suitable liquid carrier.
• Solutions or suspensions are applied directly to the nasal cavity by conventional means, for example with a dropper, pipette or spray.
• the compositions may be provided in single or multi-dose form. In the latter case of a dropper or pipette, this may be achieved by the patient administering an appropriate, predetermined volume of the solution or suspension. In the case of a spray, this may be achieved for example by means of a metering atomizing spray pump.
• Administration to the respiratory tract may also be achieved by means of an aerosol formulation in which the active ingredient is provided in a pressurized pack with a suitable propellant such as a chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) for example dichlorodifluoromethane, trichlorofluoromethane, or dichlorotetrafluoroethane, carbon dioxide, or other suitable gas.
• a suitable propellant such as a chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) for example dichlorodifluoromethane, trichlorofluoromethane, or dichlorotetrafluoroethane, carbon dioxide, or other suitable gas.
• CFC chlorofluorocarbon
• the aerosol may conveniently also contain a surfactant such as lecithin.
• the dose of drug may be controlled by provision of a metered valve.
• the active ingredients may be provided in the form of a dry powder, for example a powder mix of the compound in a suitable powder base such as lactose, starch, starch derivatives such as hydroxypropylmethyl-cellulose and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP).
• a suitable powder base such as lactose, starch, starch derivatives such as hydroxypropylmethyl-cellulose and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP).
• the powder carrier will form a gel in the nasal cavity.
• the powder composition may be presented in unit dose form, for example, in capsules or cartridges of, e.g., gelatin, or blister packs from which the powder may be administered by means of an inhaler.
• the compound In compositions intended for administration to the respiratory tract, including intranasal compositions, the compound will generally have a small particle size, for example, of the order of about 5 microns or less. Such a particle size may be obtained by means known in the art, for example by micronization.
• compositions adapted to give sustained release of the active ingredient may be employed.
• the pharmaceutical preparations are preferably in unit dosage forms.
• the preparation is subdivided into unit doses containing appropriate quantities of the active component.
• the unit dosage form can be a packaged preparation, the package containing discrete quantities of preparation, such as packaged tablets, capsules, and powders in vials or ampoules.
• the unit dosage form can be a capsule, tablet, cachet, or lozenge itself, or it can be the appropriate number of any of these in packaged form. Tablets or capsules for oral administration and liquids for intravenous administration and continuous infusion are preferred compositions. Further details on techniques for formulation and administration may be found in the latest edition of Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences (Maack Publishing Co. Easton, Pa.).
• compositions can also contain two or more compounds of the formula (I), or their pharmacologically acceptable salts and also other therapeutically active substances.
• the compounds of the present invention can be used in the form of one compound alone or in combination with other active compounds - for example with medicaments already known for the treatment of the aforementioned diseases, whereby in the latter case a favorable additive, amplifying effect is noticed.
• the compounds of the present invention can be used in combination with radiation therapy, or in combination with radiation therapy and other active compounds, already known for the treatment of the aforementioned diseases, whereby a favorable additive or amplifying effect is noticed.
• pharmaceutically inert inorganic or organic excipients can be used.
• pills tablets, coated tablets and hard gelatin capsules, for example, lactose, corn starch or derivatives thereof, talc, stearic acid or its salts, etc.
• Excipients for soft gelatin capsules and suppositories are, for example, fats, waxes, semi-solid and liquid polyols, natural or hardened oils etc.
• Suitable excipients for the production of solutions and syrups are, for example, water, sucrose, invert sugar, glucose, polyols etc.
• Suitable excipients for the production of injection solutions are, for example, water, alcohols, glycerol, polyols or vegetable oils.
• the dose can vary within wide limits and is to be suited to the individual conditions in each individual case.
• the appropriate dosage will vary depending on the mode of administration, the particular condition to be treated and the effect desired. In general, however, satisfactory results are achieved at dosage rates of about 1 to 100 mg/kg animal body weight preferably 1 to 50 mg/kg.
• Suitable dosage rates for larger mammals, for example humans are of the order of from about 10 mg to 3 g/day, conveniently administered once, in divided doses 2 to 4 times a day, or in sustained release form.
• Analytical TLC Merck aluminium sheets, silica gel 60 F 254 .
• Preparative TLC Merck PLC plates, silica gel 60 F 254 , 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm or 2.0 mm.
• Flash chromatography Acros silica gel 6OA, 0.035 - 0.070 mm. Flash Master Personal or Flash Master II, Jones Chromatography, UK.
• NMR spectra Bruker Avance 300 MHz. The 1 H NMR spectra were recorded at 300 MHz; concentration, 1 to 5 mg/mL; temperature, 305 K. The 13 C NMR spectra at 75.5 MHz; concentration, 5 to 20 mg/mL; temperature, 305 K. The residual solvent peaks were used as the internal standards (DMSOd 6 : ⁇ H 2.49, ⁇ c 39.5; CDCl 3 : ⁇ H 7.24, ⁇ c 77.0; CD 3 OD: ⁇ H 3.30, ⁇ c 49.0). Altenatively, TMS was used as a standard (indicated with TMS).
• Analytical LC/ESI-MS Waters 2700 Autosampler. 2 x Waters 600 Multisolvent Delivery System, Waters 600 Controller. 50 ⁇ L sample loop. Column, Chromolith Speed ROD RPl 8e (Merck, Darmstadt), 50 x 4.6 mm, with 2 ⁇ m prefilter (Merck). Eluent A, H 2 O + 0.1% HCO 2 H; eluent B, MeCN. Gradient, 2 % B to 100 % B within 4 min, then isocratic for 0.90 min, then back to 2 % B within 0.15 min, then isocratic for 0.50 min; flow, 3 mL/min. Waters LCZ single quadrupol mass spectrometer with electrospray source.
• MS method MS8minPM-80-800-20V; positive/negative ion mode scanning, m/z 80 - 800 or 80 - 900 in 1 s; capillary, 3.5 kV; cone voltage, 20 V; multiplier voltage, 400 V; probe and desolvation gas temperature, 120° C and 350° C, respectively.
• Waters 2487 Dual ⁇ Absorbance Detector set to 254 run.
• Software Waters Masslynx V 4.0.
• Preparative HPLC-MS Waters 2700 Autosampler, Waters 600 Multi solvent Delivery System with peparative pump heads, Waters 600 Controller, 5000 ⁇ L Sample loop.
• At- column dilution Waters 600 Multisolvent Delivery System with analytical pump heads; Waters 600 Controller; solvent, MeCN - MeOH 80 : 20 (v/v); flow rate, 0.20 or 1 mL/min.
• Eluent A H 2 O containing 0.1 % (v/v) HCO 2 H or H 2 O containing 0.1 % (v/v) NEt 3 ; eluent B, MeCN.
• Injection volume 0.5 mL - 5 mL, depending on sample.
• Make-up solvent MeOH - MeCN - H 2 O - HCO 2 H 80 : 15: 4.95 : 0.05 (v/v/v/v).
• Make-up pump Waters Reagent Manager, flow rate 0.5 mL/min. Waters ZQ single quadrupol mass spectrometer with electrospray source.
• Step 1 To a solution of methyl vanillate or methyl isovanillate (7.29 g, 40 mmol) in dimethylformamide (25 mL), potassium carbonate (8.29 g, 60 mmol) and benzyl bromide
• Step 2 Crude material of step 1 (40.0 mmol) was converted into methyl 4-benzyloxy-5- methoxy-2-nitrobenzoate or methyl 5-benzyloxy-4-methoxy-2-nitrobenzoate, respectively, in 91-94% yield as described in US 02/0026052 Al, page 51, reference example 15.
• Step 3 In a 1 L Schlenk flask filled with argon, product of step 2 (36.6 mmol) and palladium on charcoal (1.17 g, 10% Pd, 1.1 mmol Pd) were combined and tetrahydrofuran (250 mL) was added. The argon was replaced with hydrogen (1 bar), and the mixture was vigorously stirred at r. t. until completion of the reaction.
• the palladium was separated by filtration through a pad of celite and the solvent was removed to obtain methyl 2-amino-4- hydroxy-5-methoxybenzoate or methyl 2-amino-5-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoate, respectively, quantitatively, which, again, was used without further purification.
• Step 4 A mixture of formamide (29 mL), ammonium formate (3.41 g, 54 mmol) and crude material of step 3 (36.0 mmol) was heated to 14O 0 C for 4 h. After cooling to r.t, water (75 mL) was added. After stirring for 1 h, the precipitated 7-hydroxy-6-methoxy-3,4- dihydroquinazolin-4-one or 6-hydroxy-7-methoxy-3 ,4-dihydroquinazolin-4-one, respectively, was filtered off, washed with water and dried (76-85%).
• Step 5 A mixture of product step 4 (30.5 mmol), acetic anhydride (21.5 mL, 229 mmol) and pyridine (4.9 mL, 61 mmol) was heated to 100°C for 4 h. After cooling to r. t., ice water (200 mL) was added and the mixture was vigorously stirred for 1 h. The precipitated 7-acetoxy-6-methoxy-3 ,4-dihydroquinazolin-4-one or 6-acetoxy-7-methoxy-3 ,4- dihydroquinazolin-4-one, respectively, was filtered off, washed with water and dried (93-
• Step 6 Product step 5 (8.54 mmol) was converted into 4-chloro-7-hydroxy-6- methoxyquinazoline or 4-chloro-6-hydroxy-7-methoxyquinazoline, respectively, (58-95%) by reacting them with thionyl chloride (12 mL) and DMF (0.3 mL) at 85 0 C for 1.5 h.
• Oxalyl chloride (4.8Og, 37.8 mmol, 1.5 eq. ) was dissolved in an inert atmosphere in dichloromethane (60 mL).
• DMSO (5.91 g, 75.6 mmol, 3 eq.) in dichloromethane (20 mL) was added drop wise at -78 °C. The temperature was allowed to reach -50 0 C within 15 min.
• the alcohol (25.2 mmol, 1.0 eq.) was added as a solution in dichloromethane (60 mL) at —78 °C. The temperature was allowed to reach -50 °C within 15 to 45 min.
• the crude aldehyde or the ketone (60.7 mmol) was dissolved in chloroform (100 mL). Bromine (60.7 mmol, 1.0 eq.) in chloroform (50 mL) was added in an inert atmosphere. After 4 to 15 h the reaction was quenched by addition of water (80 mL) and DCM (300 mL) and neutralized by addition of NaHCO 3 aqueous saturated solution. The layers were separated. The organic layer was washed with 1 M HCl (100 mL) and water (150 mL) and dried with Na 2 SO 4 . After filtration the solvent was removed in vacuo. The bromide was subsequently used without further purification.
• N-[2-(2-Amino-thiazol-5-yl)-ethyl]-benzamide was synthesized from N-(4-Hydroxy- butyl)-benzamide according to GP2, GP4, and GP5.
• LC/ESI-MS: m/z 248 [M+H].
• 3-(2-Amino-thiazol-5-yl)-N-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-propionamide was synthesized from 3-(2- Amino-thiazol-5-yl)-propionic acid methyl ester by Boc-protection of the 2-amino function followed by ester hydrolysis with LiOH, peptide coupling with 3-fluoro aniline and Boc- deprotection.
• LC/ESI-MS: m/z 266 [M+H].
• the protein kinases were expressed in Sf9 insect cells as human recombinant GST-fusion proteins or as His-tagged proteins by means of the baculovirus expression system.
• the kinase activity was measured with a radioisotopic protein kinase assay by measuring the incorporation of 33 P-phosphate into proteins or peptide substrates.
• the assays were performed in FlashPlateTM microtiter scintillation plates and incorporation of 33 P-phosphate was determined with a microplate scintillation counter.
• RTKs receptor tyrosine kinases
• Sigmoidal inhibitor curves based on relative inhibition compared with phosphorylation levels under high control conditions were generated which allowed the determination of IC 50 values for each test compound.
• EndoR endoreduplication
• FACS fluorescence activated cell sorter
• HT29 colon-carcinoma cells were treated with test compounds at different concentrations for 3 days. On day 5 cells were harvested and fixed in methanol. On day 6 cells were rehydrated and incubated with RNAse A and PI. Incorporated PI was detected by FACS measuring fluorescence emission at 650 nm upon excitation at 488 run. For each compound concentration the percentage of EndoR-population as compared to the whole cell population was determined. For estimation of IC 50 values of Aurora-B inhibition the percentages of EndoR-populations were plotted versus compound concentrations.

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