EP1946665A1 - Dismantlable shoe - Google Patents

Dismantlable shoe Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP1946665A1
EP1946665A1 EP05808020A EP05808020A EP1946665A1 EP 1946665 A1 EP1946665 A1 EP 1946665A1 EP 05808020 A EP05808020 A EP 05808020A EP 05808020 A EP05808020 A EP 05808020A EP 1946665 A1 EP1946665 A1 EP 1946665A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sole
shoe
heel
parts
dismantlable
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP05808020A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1946665A4 (en
Inventor
Natalia Ordenes Haag
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP1946665A1 publication Critical patent/EP1946665A1/en
Publication of EP1946665A4 publication Critical patent/EP1946665A4/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43FOOTWEAR
    • A43BCHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B3/00Footwear characterised by the shape or the use
    • A43B3/24Collapsible or convertible
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43FOOTWEAR
    • A43BCHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B13/00Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units
    • A43B13/14Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units characterised by the constructive form
    • A43B13/16Pieced soles
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43FOOTWEAR
    • A43BCHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B13/00Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units
    • A43B13/28Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units characterised by their attachment, also attachment of combined soles and heels
    • A43B13/36Easily-exchangeable soles
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43FOOTWEAR
    • A43BCHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B21/00Heels; Top-pieces or top-lifts
    • A43B21/36Heels; Top-pieces or top-lifts characterised by their attachment; Securing devices for the attaching means
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43FOOTWEAR
    • A43BCHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B21/00Heels; Top-pieces or top-lifts
    • A43B21/36Heels; Top-pieces or top-lifts characterised by their attachment; Securing devices for the attaching means
    • A43B21/47Heels; Top-pieces or top-lifts characterised by their attachment; Securing devices for the attaching means by resilient means
    • A43B21/48Heels; Top-pieces or top-lifts characterised by their attachment; Securing devices for the attaching means by resilient means by press-buttons
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43FOOTWEAR
    • A43BCHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B3/00Footwear characterised by the shape or the use
    • A43B3/24Collapsible or convertible
    • A43B3/246Collapsible or convertible characterised by the sole

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a dismantlable shoe, basically formed by two parts which are physically independent of each other, one forming the sole and the corresponding upper, while the other part forms the heel together with the insole of the shoe, all carried out such that the two parts can be assembled and dismantled, allowing changing either of them and thus adapting at all times to clothing.
  • An object of the invention is to provide a dismantlable shoe, preferably and essentially provided for women, being shoes with a high heel, flats, or even sandals which, in its formation and having a set of parts of each type (sole-upper and heel), allows multiple combinations so that the upper combines with different types of clothes, bags, etc.
  • women usually combine their shoes, or at least the color of their shoes, with the corresponding bag or clothes, so every time a woman changes bags, she needs to change her shoes, and vice versa.
  • the shoe that is herein proposed has been conceived to solve the previously described problems by means of a simple but highly effective solution based on the fact that the shoe is formed by two parts or completely independent parts, one part forming the sole along with the upper and the other part forming the heel, insole with shank and heelpiece, such that these two parts are fixed to one another by means of press-fastening elements, which are concealed in the coupling and allow making the two parts independent so that the user, i.e. a woman, can by merely having a set of parts of each type, perform multiple combinations so that, for example, the upper combines with different types of clothes, bags, etc.
  • the heel will preferably form part of the corresponding shoe insole, although the two parts are fixed together quickly, providing suitable structural rigidity at the level of the waist, since it is precisely here where the press-fastening means are located, which fixing means can be complemented with other adherence means and/or Velcro ® strips, which will be arranged at the level of the sole of the foot, assuring a strong and effective fixing and allowing a fast and easy assembly/dismantling.
  • the shoe can have a high heel, a low heel, it can be flat or a sandal, completely closed, open at the back, etc.
  • the shoe of the invention basically comprises two parts (1) and (2), which are physically independent of each other, the first part comprising the sole (3) with the corresponding upper (4), the latter possibly being closed, open, sandal-type, etc., while the second part comprises the heel (5) combined with an insole (6) incorporating the shank, such that at the level of the waist both the sole (3) and the insole (5) corresponding to the two parts have press-fixing means (7) and (8), respectively, which can be formed by hook and eye type elements or the like, Figure 3 showing a detail of the male press elements (8) in the area of the waist of the insole (6) corresponding to part (2), and the female press elements (7) in the area of the waist corresponding to the sole (3) of part (1), such that when sole (3) and insole (6) are placed one on the other, pressing on the elements (7) and (8) leads to the two parts (1) and (2) being fixed to one another, with the particularity that the heads of the mentioned press elements are completely concealed, i.e. embedded or, alternatively
  • the fixing by means of press-fasteners (7) and (8) provides suitable structural rigidity at the level of the waist of the shoe, which fixing can be complemented with Velcro ® strip type means (9) and (10) provided precisely on the sole (3) and on the insole (6), logically participating in fixing the two parts together but nevertheless allowing a fast and easy assembly/dismantling of the two parts (1) and (2).
  • the press-fastening means (7) and (8) can be made not only in the area of the waist as depicted in the figures, but in other areas, such as the actual sole of the foot, in which case the previously mentioned adhering means (9-10) provided could be eliminated, these latter means (9-10) even being able to be provided in the area of intersection between the sole of the foot and the waist, etc.
  • the heel (5) and insole (6) can be independent elements independent as depicted in Figure 4 , in which case the heel (5) can have anchoring means (11) for being anchored in other means (12) provided in the corresponding area of the insole (6), likewise having the press-fastening means (8) which will be complementary to the fastening means (7) provided in the corresponding sole (3).
  • Fixing means for directly fixing the heel to the back part of the sole corresponding to part (1), or complementary means both in the back part of said sole and in the front part of the heel, can also be provided to define a complementary retaining means of the corresponding heel for the purpose of immobilizing the latter in relation to the sole.

Abstract

The invention relates to a dismantlable shoe comprising two parts (1 and 2) which are independent of each other, but which can be fixed to one another using press-fastening elements (7 and 8) which can be combined with other fixing elements (9 and 10) such as Velcro strips. One of the aforementioned parts (1) comprises the corresponding sole (3) and the upper (4) of the shoe, while the other part (2) forms the heel (5) together with an insole comprising an integrated shank (6). The above-mentioned fastening elements (7 and 8) which are used to fix the two parts (1 and 2) to one another are provided on the sole (3) and on the insole (6), preferably at the waist of such elements.

Description

    Object of the Invention
  • The present invention relates to a dismantlable shoe, basically formed by two parts which are physically independent of each other, one forming the sole and the corresponding upper, while the other part forms the heel together with the insole of the shoe, all carried out such that the two parts can be assembled and dismantled, allowing changing either of them and thus adapting at all times to clothing.
  • An object of the invention is to provide a dismantlable shoe, preferably and essentially provided for women, being shoes with a high heel, flats, or even sandals which, in its formation and having a set of parts of each type (sole-upper and heel), allows multiple combinations so that the upper combines with different types of clothes, bags, etc.
  • Background of the Invention
  • Generally, women usually combine their shoes, or at least the color of their shoes, with the corresponding bag or clothes, so every time a woman changes bags, she needs to change her shoes, and vice versa.
  • This involves a considerable amount of money if the combination between at least bags and shoes is to be maintained, not to mention between shoes and clothes.
  • Description of the Invention
  • The shoe that is herein proposed has been conceived to solve the previously described problems by means of a simple but highly effective solution based on the fact that the shoe is formed by two parts or completely independent parts, one part forming the sole along with the upper and the other part forming the heel, insole with shank and heelpiece, such that these two parts are fixed to one another by means of press-fastening elements, which are concealed in the coupling and allow making the two parts independent so that the user, i.e. a woman, can by merely having a set of parts of each type, perform multiple combinations so that, for example, the upper combines with different types of clothes, bags, etc.
  • The heel will preferably form part of the corresponding shoe insole, although the two parts are fixed together quickly, providing suitable structural rigidity at the level of the waist, since it is precisely here where the press-fastening means are located, which fixing means can be complemented with other adherence means and/or Velcro® strips, which will be arranged at the level of the sole of the foot, assuring a strong and effective fixing and allowing a fast and easy assembly/dismantling.
  • As previously stated, the shoe can have a high heel, a low heel, it can be flat or a sandal, completely closed, open at the back, etc.
  • Description of the Drawings
  • To complement the description being made and for the purpose of aiding to better understand the features of the invention according to a preferred practical embodiment thereof, a set of drawings is attached hereto in which the following is shown with an illustrative and non-limiting character:
    • Figure 1 shows a side elevation view of the two parts defining or forming the dismantlable shoe object of the invention, the part forming the sole with the upper of the shoe being seen first and then the part forming the insole with the heel.
    • Figure 2 shows a shoe obtained by means of coupling the two parts depicted in the previous figure to one another.
    • Figure 3 shows a section view of a detail of the fixing at the press-fastening means, with male and female parts, arranged in the corresponding insole as part of the heel and the corresponding sole as part of the upper.
    • Figure 4 shows a side detail view of an embodiment alternative in which the heel and the insole can also be independent of one another, even though an assembly will be formed between the two as a second part intended to be fixed with the part forming the sole, as previously stated.
    Description of the Preferred Embodiment
  • As can be seen in the mentioned figures, the shoe of the invention basically comprises two parts (1) and (2), which are physically independent of each other, the first part comprising the sole (3) with the corresponding upper (4), the latter possibly being closed, open, sandal-type, etc., while the second part comprises the heel (5) combined with an insole (6) incorporating the shank, such that at the level of the waist both the sole (3) and the insole (5) corresponding to the two parts have press-fixing means (7) and (8), respectively, which can be formed by hook and eye type elements or the like, Figure 3 showing a detail of the male press elements (8) in the area of the waist of the insole (6) corresponding to part (2), and the female press elements (7) in the area of the waist corresponding to the sole (3) of part (1), such that when sole (3) and insole (6) are placed one on the other, pressing on the elements (7) and (8) leads to the two parts (1) and (2) being fixed to one another, with the particularity that the heads of the mentioned press elements are completely concealed, i.e. embedded or, alternatively, part (3), partially concealed, only the head of the female press element projecting on the surface of such part.
  • The fixing by means of press-fasteners (7) and (8) provides suitable structural rigidity at the level of the waist of the shoe, which fixing can be complemented with Velcro® strip type means (9) and (10) provided precisely on the sole (3) and on the insole (6), logically participating in fixing the two parts together but nevertheless allowing a fast and easy assembly/dismantling of the two parts (1) and (2).
  • The press-fastening means (7) and (8) can be made not only in the area of the waist as depicted in the figures, but in other areas, such as the actual sole of the foot, in which case the previously mentioned adhering means (9-10) provided could be eliminated, these latter means (9-10) even being able to be provided in the area of intersection between the sole of the foot and the waist, etc.
  • Accordingly there are multiple embodiments in relation to the fixing means for fixing the parts (1) and (2) to one another, and there are multiple embodiments relating to the upper (4) and to the heel (5), which can be as depicted in the figure, the first one closed in the front and open in the back, and the second one forming an integral part of an insole with a heel, or it could have an open upper, etc.
  • It has additionally been provided that instead of forming a non-removable part of the insole (6), the heel (5) and insole (6) can be independent elements independent as depicted in Figure 4, in which case the heel (5) can have anchoring means (11) for being anchored in other means (12) provided in the corresponding area of the insole (6), likewise having the press-fastening means (8) which will be complementary to the fastening means (7) provided in the corresponding sole (3).
  • With a set of parts (1) and a set of parts (2), i.e. of upper-soles and heel-insoles, multiple combinations are possible by simply assembling and dismantling one part to and from the other in order to thus be adapted and obtain the combination of the upper (4) with different types of clothes, bags, etc.
  • Fixing means for directly fixing the heel to the back part of the sole corresponding to part (1), or complementary means both in the back part of said sole and in the front part of the heel, can also be provided to define a complementary retaining means of the corresponding heel for the purpose of immobilizing the latter in relation to the sole.

Claims (7)

  1. A dismantlable shoe, preferably being provided to comprise a woman's shoe, both with a high heel and a low heel or flat and even a sandal, characterized in that it is formed by two parts (1) and (2) which are physically of each other, part (1) comprising the corresponding sole (3) and the upper (4), while part (2) comprises the heel (5) with the insole (6) of the shoe, said parts (1) and (2) having complementary fastening means for fixing both parts together with the ability to be dismantled, allowing multiple combinations by simply having a set of parts of each type.
  2. A dismantlable shoe according to claim 1, characterized in that the fastening means are formed by press elements (7) and (8) provided both in the sole (3) of part (1) of the shoe and in the insole (6) of part (2) of the same shoe.
  3. A dismantlable shoe according to claim 2, characterized in that the press-fastening elements (7) and (8) are preferably and essentially provided in correspondence with the area of the waist to define structural rigidity in the connection between the two parts (1) and (2).
  4. A dismantlable shoe according to the previous claims, characterized in that adhering and complementary elements (9) and (10) have been provided in combination with the press-fixing elements (7) and (8) in correspondence with the area of the sole of the foot of the sole (3) corresponding to part (1) and in the area of the sole of the foot of the insole (6) corresponding to part (2).
  5. A dismantlable shoe according to the previous claims, characterized in that the press-fastening elements (7) and (8) can furthermore be located in the area of the waist, in the area of the sole of the foot.
  6. A dismantlable shoe according to the previous claims, characterized in that both the back part of the sole (6) corresponding to part (1) and the front and upper part of the heel (5) corresponding to part (2) can be provided with complementary interlocking means for immobilizing the actual heel (5) in the fixing of part (2) to which the same belongs on part (1) to which the actual sole (3) belongs.
  7. A dismantlable shoe according to any of the previous claims, characterized in that the heel (5) can be an independent part of the insole (6) and be assembled and dismantled to and from same through complementary anchoring elements (11) and (12) provided in such heel and in said insole (6).
EP05808020A 2005-10-21 2005-10-21 Dismantlable shoe Withdrawn EP1946665A4 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/ES2005/000564 WO2007045699A1 (en) 2005-10-21 2005-10-21 Dismantlable shoe

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1946665A1 true EP1946665A1 (en) 2008-07-23
EP1946665A4 EP1946665A4 (en) 2010-08-04

Family

ID=37962216

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05808020A Withdrawn EP1946665A4 (en) 2005-10-21 2005-10-21 Dismantlable shoe

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US20080271343A1 (en)
EP (1) EP1946665A4 (en)
JP (1) JP2009512471A (en)
CN (1) CN101340831A (en)
BR (1) BRPI0520675A2 (en)
EA (1) EA014460B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2007045699A1 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009141844A1 (en) * 2008-05-22 2009-11-26 Alessandro Peroni Modular footwear
FR3005243A1 (en) * 2013-05-04 2014-11-07 Gregory Elie Guenoun INTERCHANGEABLE REMOVABLE HEEL SHOE AND VARIABLE CAMBRURE

Families Citing this family (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7810257B2 (en) * 2007-05-21 2010-10-12 Nike, Inc. Article of footwear with removable upper
AT505748B1 (en) * 2007-12-20 2009-04-15 Steiner Michael Mag REPLACEABLE SHOE
US8307571B1 (en) * 2009-03-31 2012-11-13 Lucy Ceylan Ladies shoes having multiple different configurations
CN102132975B (en) * 2011-03-29 2013-01-02 赵利军 Combined shoes
FR2977768B1 (en) * 2011-07-13 2014-03-21 Godin Chrystel Floriot MODULAR SHOE
DE102012213809B4 (en) * 2012-08-03 2016-01-21 Flexheel Gmbh sole part
US9215909B2 (en) * 2012-11-16 2015-12-22 Sandra L. Saccullo Footwear with interchangeable heel components
US20150033584A1 (en) * 2013-08-02 2015-02-05 Beverly FERGUSON Accessorizable Shoe and Accessories for the Shoe
WO2015106222A1 (en) * 2014-01-13 2015-07-16 Opiyo Caroline A Shoe with a replaceable upper
CN106572719B (en) * 2014-08-11 2021-06-01 钱德妮·塞西 Adaptable shoes
KR101610752B1 (en) 2014-12-23 2016-04-08 부산광역시 북구 Removable shoes
DE102015200523B4 (en) * 2015-01-15 2022-06-30 Adidas Ag Modular shoe
CN105852305A (en) * 2016-06-14 2016-08-17 刘梓卿 Multifunctional combined shoe holder
FR3060263A1 (en) * 2016-12-19 2018-06-22 Sarah Jacques-Sylvanise DECORATIVE DEVICE WITH TIP FOR SHOE POINT
US20180184752A1 (en) * 2016-12-29 2018-07-05 Karen E. Theisen Replaceable sleeve system for shoe
US11311077B2 (en) * 2017-07-14 2022-04-26 Pashion Footwear, Inc. Fully convertible high heel-to-flat shoe
US20210401107A1 (en) * 2020-06-25 2021-12-30 Irving Sosa Modular footwear covering system

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3012340A (en) * 1960-01-14 1961-12-12 Catherine B Reinhart Shoe having interchangeable members
US3225462A (en) * 1965-01-13 1965-12-28 Martin J Lamberti Convertible shoes
US3686779A (en) * 1970-12-21 1972-08-29 Maxwell Sachs Footwear
DE20208713U1 (en) * 2002-06-05 2003-01-09 Lutz Britta Sole for shoe or sandal has upstanding lugs for connection to shoe upper or straps for sandal, and has lug under heel region to engage in groove in heel

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2751691A (en) * 1954-09-30 1956-06-26 Jr Otis T Clark Shoe construction
US2873540A (en) * 1955-08-02 1959-02-17 Murphy Venus Ramey Shoe with changeable elements
US3997985A (en) * 1975-08-22 1976-12-21 Atsuyoshi Shiina Stretchable shoe
US4120103A (en) * 1977-09-22 1978-10-17 Colby Robert D Disposable bowling shoe
US4363177A (en) * 1980-06-02 1982-12-14 Boros Leslie A Style convertible footwear
DE29608693U1 (en) * 1996-05-14 1996-08-08 Lin Ji Tyan Adjustable shoe
ES2162567B1 (en) * 1999-07-13 2002-07-01 Garcia Juan Carlos Crespo REMOVABLE SHOE.
US6718658B2 (en) * 2001-11-27 2004-04-13 Midori Karasawa Shoemaking method and shoes
US6807086B2 (en) * 2001-11-30 2004-10-19 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Magnetic random access memory

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3012340A (en) * 1960-01-14 1961-12-12 Catherine B Reinhart Shoe having interchangeable members
US3225462A (en) * 1965-01-13 1965-12-28 Martin J Lamberti Convertible shoes
US3686779A (en) * 1970-12-21 1972-08-29 Maxwell Sachs Footwear
DE20208713U1 (en) * 2002-06-05 2003-01-09 Lutz Britta Sole for shoe or sandal has upstanding lugs for connection to shoe upper or straps for sandal, and has lug under heel region to engage in groove in heel

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of WO2007045699A1 *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009141844A1 (en) * 2008-05-22 2009-11-26 Alessandro Peroni Modular footwear
FR3005243A1 (en) * 2013-05-04 2014-11-07 Gregory Elie Guenoun INTERCHANGEABLE REMOVABLE HEEL SHOE AND VARIABLE CAMBRURE
WO2014181058A1 (en) * 2013-05-04 2014-11-13 Guenoun Gregory Elie Shoe with a removable interchangeable heel and variable curvature

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BRPI0520675A2 (en) 2009-05-19
EA014460B1 (en) 2010-12-30
EA200900401A1 (en) 2009-08-28
CN101340831A (en) 2009-01-07
US20080271343A1 (en) 2008-11-06
EP1946665A4 (en) 2010-08-04
JP2009512471A (en) 2009-03-26
WO2007045699A1 (en) 2007-04-26

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP1946665A1 (en) Dismantlable shoe
USD532192S1 (en) Boot
US6848199B1 (en) Footwear, such as a sandal, with replaceable upper
US8322052B2 (en) Modular shoe system
JP3014857U (en) Retractable shoes
USD571543S1 (en) Pair of outsoles for a woman's shoes
US7117615B2 (en) Shoe with reversible upper
USD530488S1 (en) Boot
USD568034S1 (en) Footwear outsole
US8307571B1 (en) Ladies shoes having multiple different configurations
US20060248748A1 (en) Footwear combination
WO2009114564A2 (en) Shoe with a swappable toe piece
US20140298689A1 (en) Attachable and interchangeable shoe tip device and system
USD500585S1 (en) Portion of a shoe sole
USD525019S1 (en) Shoe
USD524519S1 (en) Footwear outsole
AU2009227985B2 (en) Footwear
USD503527S1 (en) Portion of a shoe upper
CN219330840U (en) Foot pedal shoes
US1885197A (en) Method of making shoes
US1970689A (en) Detachable shoe heel
CN213029934U (en) Women's single shoes
CN201480126U (en) Shoes capable of being combined and converted at random
CN217791646U (en) Modular slipper structure with replaceable insole
KR200259192Y1 (en) shoes combined with slipper

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20080505

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: AL BA HR MK YU

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: HK

Ref legal event code: DE

Ref document number: 1121348

Country of ref document: HK

A4 Supplementary search report drawn up and despatched

Effective date: 20100706

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN

18D Application deemed to be withdrawn

Effective date: 20140501

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: HK

Ref legal event code: WD

Ref document number: 1121348

Country of ref document: HK