EP1944736A1 - Drahtloses Multi-Service Bezahlungssystem für Fahrzeuge - Google Patents

Drahtloses Multi-Service Bezahlungssystem für Fahrzeuge Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1944736A1
EP1944736A1 EP07398002A EP07398002A EP1944736A1 EP 1944736 A1 EP1944736 A1 EP 1944736A1 EP 07398002 A EP07398002 A EP 07398002A EP 07398002 A EP07398002 A EP 07398002A EP 1944736 A1 EP1944736 A1 EP 1944736A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
payment
motor vehicles
wireless
vehicle
accordance
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP07398002A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Antonio João Nunes Serrador
Fernando Manuel Ascenso Fortes
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Brisa-Auto-Estradas de Portugal SA
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Brisa-Auto-Estradas de Portugal SA
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Publication date
Application filed by Brisa-Auto-Estradas de Portugal SA filed Critical Brisa-Auto-Estradas de Portugal SA
Priority to EP07398002A priority Critical patent/EP1944736A1/de
Publication of EP1944736A1 publication Critical patent/EP1944736A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07B—TICKET-ISSUING APPARATUS; FARE-REGISTERING APPARATUS; FRANKING APPARATUS
    • G07B15/00—Arrangements or apparatus for collecting fares, tolls or entrance fees at one or more control points
    • G07B15/06—Arrangements for road pricing or congestion charging of vehicles or vehicle users, e.g. automatic toll systems
    • G07B15/063—Arrangements for road pricing or congestion charging of vehicles or vehicle users, e.g. automatic toll systems using wireless information transmission between the vehicle and a fixed station

Definitions

  • the present invention refers to a wireless multiservice payment system for vehicles, specifically the payment of services permitting electronic collection associated to vehicles, such as tolls. It is essentially characterised in that it guarantees interoperability in the payment of services provided through wireless electronic means to users inside their cars.
  • the operation of the system aims at guaranteeing the functionality of the current system based on the DSRC - Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) standard which already exists in several countries and interoperability among various countries, in accordance with the European Union standards.
  • DSRC Dedicated Short Range Communications
  • satellite tracking systems Global Navigation Satellite System - GNSS
  • mobile communications systems Global System for Mobile Communications/General Packet Radio Service - GSM/GPRS
  • DSRC short range microwave systems have been encompassed within the scope of this invention.
  • tele-toll system is the one named "Virtual Tolls", which allies mobile communications, namely the Global System for Mobile Communications / General Packet Radio Service (GSM/GPRS), to satellite tracking systems, i.e. Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). Germany is one of the countries where this system is used, namely for heavy vehicles.
  • GSM/GPRS Global System for Mobile Communications / General Packet Radio Service
  • GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System
  • the physical tolls are substituted by geographic coordinates. This means that the main advantage of this system is the fact that it is not necessary to create infrastructures (tolls) and it is easy to determine and collect the tariff for the geographic zone passed through.
  • satellite navigation systems which will predictably increase when the European system Galileo starts being used.
  • the Swiss tele-toll system is a mixed system combining virtual tolls and DSRC. It obliges every heavy vehicle to pay a fee according to the distance covered in Swiss territory, using the Global Positioning System (GPS) for this purpose and the GSM mobile telecommunications system to communicate with the toll management centre.
  • GPS Global Positioning System
  • DSRC technology has been implemented at the Swiss border to carry out the control of the vehicles which enter or leave the country's territory.
  • tele-toll systems have as their main advantage, in comparison with the traditional system of payment in loco, the fact that it is not necessary to stop or carry any means of payment, given that the payment is carried out electronically. This enables the highway operator to reduce staff costs and, furthermore, offers customer satisfaction by avoiding unnecessary stops.
  • these systems namely the German and Swiss systems, are not compatible.
  • Toll payment collection on highways is one of the applications of Intelligent Transport System (ITS) technology.
  • ITS Intelligent Transport System
  • EFC Electronic Fee Collection
  • a tele-toll system is based on short range microwave technology designed for the purpose, known as Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC).
  • DSRC Dedicated Short Range Communications
  • the systems are incompatible with each other, given that the initial standard only served as a recommendation for the system, hence each operator installs it in accordance with the application sought.
  • the majority of these systems are based on the Low Data Rate (LDR) sub-standard, given that this was the first standard created.
  • LDR Low Data Rate
  • the incompatibility raises some difficulties for car drivers, who (sometimes inside the same area), have to affix several identifiers in their vehicle if they wish to use various systems. With the increase in traffic on European roads, the problem of interoperability between country systems/operators takes on greater importance.
  • MDR Medium Data Rate
  • GNSS Global Navigation Satellite Systems
  • GSM Global System for Mobile Communications
  • GPRS General Packet Radio System
  • UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
  • SMS Short Message Service
  • one of the objectives of the present invention is the creation of a system to comply with the European Union directive which establishes interoperability between the different systems of the various countries, which must involve a single "On Board Unit” (OBU) identifier that will be able to operate in all the member states using GNSS and GSM/GPRS technologies.
  • OBU On Board Unit
  • the wireless multiservice payment system for motor vehicles of this invention comprises cellular mobile (10), global positioning (11) and short range microwave (9) communications systems.
  • the MDR sub-standard is the one adopted in this invention, consisting of three layers which have a message/protocol stack specific for carrying out transactions.
  • the DSRC system operates in the 5.8 GHz band with a bandwidth of 5 MHz, working in half-duplex mode.
  • the MDR sub-standard operates at 500 kbps in the uplink channel and 250 kbps in the downlink channel, being useful to send larger volumes of information to a vehicle which is supposed to be moving.
  • the DSRC system mainly consists, in terms of radio, of two units: the Road Side Unit (RSU) and the On Board Unit (OBU).
  • the RSU is placed at the tollgate, being responsible for starting and ending the communication with the OBU, in order to carry out the transaction.
  • the RSU is fully active, since it is always connected and is the only one which transmits a carrier, so as to provide communication.
  • This carrier is also used by the OBU so as to enable it to communicate, by reflection, with the RSU.
  • the OBU is the equipment placed inside the vehicle in order to permit its identification. This module only has to generate a sub-carrier, which modulates the carrier received from the RSU, reflecting it back to the RSU.
  • the OBU is passive, given that it does not generate a carrier to communicate with the RSU. Furthermore, the OBU is only active when it detects the RSU carrier, its consumption thus being minimised.
  • the latter unit when the OBU enters the highway and passes under the gate with the RSU, the latter unit will transmit (write) to the OBU data which will identify the entrance toll, road section and time.
  • the RSU requests the place of entrance and respective road section and the OBU replies with the data transmitted at the time of entrance, also indicating the number of the identifier and type of vehicle.
  • the use of the MDR standard makes it possible for the communication between the OBU and the RSU to be established through microwaves or infrareds.
  • the global positioning system (11), known as GPS, is a spatial system which provides a 24-hour three-dimensional positioning service to users located on earth who have a suitable receiver, also providing information on speed and time.
  • the position of the GPS receiver is based on the measurement made by the receiver to the satellites, the GPS satellites functioning as points of reference in space, the position of which is accurately known.
  • the earth stations communicate with the satellite, so that it may correct the information and be able to send correct navigation messages to the GPS receivers, which may thus rectify the respective positions.
  • the information transmitted by the satellites functions as a navigation message, containing all the data necessary for calculating the position of the satellite at the moment of the measurement of the distance between the satellite and the receiver, and the time corrections corresponding to the satellite.
  • the GSM of the cellular mobile communications system (10) is a wireless mobile system intended for voice but with data support.
  • the GPRS of the same system is a service supported on GSM, which improves the access to the packet-switched data service, such as the Internet. It ensures interoperability with TCD/IP and X.25 networks.
  • the GSM was a service designed for voice, given that the channel is assigned during the whole call, this being a low rate link. With the GPRS it is possible to obtain flexible transmission rates of up to 171.2 kbps, in accordance with the needs of the application and network, besides requiring less time for establishing the link.
  • the GSM/GPRS system permits the communication between machines.
  • the GSM/GPRS modules enable machines to communicate by means of GSM with other equipment, through voice, Short Message Service (SMS) IP packet, etc.
  • SMS Short Message Service
  • the main opportunities for "Machine-to-Machine" modules were created due to the need to carry out wireless electronic payments, logistics and fleet management, security and telemetry, etc.
  • the installation of a module in a vehicle may permit a set of operations, from the payment of services to vehicle tracking, etc.
  • These modules are already used for security purposes in the world of motor vehicles, given that in the case of theft, the module has the capacity to open a communication channel with the police.
  • the use of modules of this kind also makes it possible to access the Internet and the data transmission capacity is even greater via GPRS.
  • this bidirectional communication system includes the OBU (On Board Unit, the identifier on board the vehicle) (18) and the RSU (7), the static equipment placed on the toll barriers which begins and ends the communication, and the control centre (4) which manages the transactions and the georeferenced geographic data and carries out the payment collection procedure via an interbanking system (8).
  • OBU On Board Unit, the identifier on board the vehicle
  • RSU the static equipment placed on the toll barriers which begins and ends the communication
  • the control centre (4) which manages the transactions and the georeferenced geographic data and carries out the payment collection procedure via an interbanking system (8).
  • the system of this invention consists of an OBU platform (18) which ensures interoperability between various heterogeneous systems for electronic payment collection.
  • This platform (18) includes a short range microwave communications module (12), a mobile cellular communications module (13) and a satellite positioning module (14).
  • the microwave module is controlled by a microcontroller (15) which implements the short range communications and supports the internal communications with the virtual toll module (16).
  • the virtual toll module (16) implements the algorithms which detect and process the several georeferenced points (17), detected by (14) generating a transaction in accordance with the service in question: open toll (bidirectional payment collection), bridge toll (unidirectional payment collection) or closed toll (with bidirectional entrance and exit). All these modules are included in the OBU (18) placed inside the vehicle.
  • the other fundamental component of the system is constituted by a platform (4) placed at the control centre which manages all the transactions and georeferenced geographic data and sets in motion the payment collection procedure via an interbanking system (8).
  • the transaction can be carried out in three different ways:
  • FIG. 1 shows the block diagram of the architecture of the OBU (18).
  • the OBU (18) has an identifier (ID) attributed to it, so that on the database of the highway operator this OBU will be associated to a client and the respective type of vehicle.
  • ID identifier
  • the module is microcontrolled by the microcontroller (16), where it is allowed to communicate with the GSM/GPRS module, through serial communication.
  • This microcontroller (16) constitutes the intelligent system of the module (18) and carries out the interpretation of the data received and preparation of the respective replies to the RSU (7), as well as the communication with the virtual toll module.
  • An antenna is associated with the aforesaid microcontroller, which provides two-way communication, and a circuit for the virtual tolls, the OBU (18) having in its memory a database (DB) with the coordinates of the tolls (cells).
  • DB database
  • the DB contains the azimuth of the cell (azimuth of entry at the toll) as well as an identifier which indicates whether the country supports DSRC, so that toll detection can be made through the virtual cells but for payment priority be given to payment by DSRC, having the mobile network as an alternative; if the country does not support DSRC, payment will be effected through the mobile network.
  • This payment is sent to the operator that gave rise to the OBU (18), which will verify if the cells corresponding to the payment are its own. If not, it will send them to the operator in question.
  • the existence of the abbreviation of the country to which the cells belong guarantees interoperability with other countries.
  • the operation of the virtual toll system is based on cell detection. It is carried out through comparison between the coordinates provided by the GPS and those existing in the DB of the module (18), so it can confirm the passing of the vehicle through the road section. The comparison is also made through the azimuth of the vehicle and the azimuth of the cell, so as to determine whether the vehicle is moving on the azimuth of the toll.
  • a virtual toll is constituted by three cells, so that it will be possible to prevent location errors.
  • the detection of any two cells confirms the entry into or exit from the road section.
  • the cell is preferably characterised by a square area (150 x 150 m), the centre of which is defined by a geographic coordinate (latitude and longitude).
  • the cell detection algorithm is made through subtraction of the coordinates, i.e. by calculating the difference between the latitude and longitude of the coordinate obtained by the GPS receiver and that existing on the DB. This procedure simplifies the algorithm obtained from the OBU (18) with regard to the calculation of distances between the coordinate of the cell and the position of the OBU.
  • Bridge Type - these cells are used in bridge tolls, the first two cells being placed in the direction of the bridge where payment is effected;
  • Bridge Exit Type this cell is used at bridge tolls; it is placed at a maximum of 1 km from the last P cell, in the direction of the bridge where payment is made, thus indicating the end of the bridge.
  • the Open Toll Type has two sub-types:
  • Open Type - this cell is used for open tolls; it works as a cell for confirming the passing through of the vehicles;
  • Open Entrance/Exit Type this cell is used in open tolls; in one direction, it works as a toll entrance, in the other direction it works as an exit, i.e. this is a kind of toll where payment id made in both directions. They are placed at a maximum of 1 km from the A cell.
  • Entrance/Exit Type they are placed at the intermediate entrances and exits along the closed highway;
  • Normal Type they are placed before and after the intermediate entrances/exists along a highway of the closed type.
  • the location chosen for the cells must be places where the GPS receiver is able to receive signals from the satellites in good conditions, i.e. places which are clearly visible to the satellites. Besides the cell types, it was necessary to create an identification for the cells on the highway.
  • the first cell of the road section is identified by a number, the two first digits of which indicate the road section to which it belongs and the following two the number of the cell in the road section, the last two digits of the cell number increasing by one number successively for the subsequent cells.
  • the OBU To enable the OBU to detect a vehicle passing along the highway, it is previously necessary to obtain the coordinates of the virtual cells from a server and place them in the non-volatile memory. For this purpose, the OBU establishes a connection with the server, so as to obtain the data. It is also possible for the server to update the DB included in the OBU (18), being sufficient for this purpose to contact it by SMS and make this request; from thereon, the OBU opens the connection and the data is transferred.
  • this system makes it possible for motor vehicles to access wireless payment services other than tele-tolls.
  • wireless payment services other than tele-tolls.
  • Another possibility concerns road safety, given that the technology will allow communication between vehicles which, after being implemented, may prevent accidents by sending warning messages from one vehicle to another.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Finance (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Traffic Control Systems (AREA)
  • Devices For Checking Fares Or Tickets At Control Points (AREA)
EP07398002A 2007-01-12 2007-01-12 Drahtloses Multi-Service Bezahlungssystem für Fahrzeuge Withdrawn EP1944736A1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP07398002A EP1944736A1 (de) 2007-01-12 2007-01-12 Drahtloses Multi-Service Bezahlungssystem für Fahrzeuge

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP07398002A EP1944736A1 (de) 2007-01-12 2007-01-12 Drahtloses Multi-Service Bezahlungssystem für Fahrzeuge

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EP1944736A1 true EP1944736A1 (de) 2008-07-16

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2256694A1 (de) 2009-05-25 2010-12-01 Kapsch TrafficCom AG Verfahren und Komponenten zum Erzeugen von Mauttransaktionen
WO2011036187A1 (en) * 2009-09-22 2011-03-31 Kenneth Christopher Fogarty Electronic toll charge payment system and method
EP2355046A1 (de) * 2010-02-03 2011-08-10 Kenneth C. Fogarty Elektronisches Mautbezahlungssystem und -verfahren
CN102163348A (zh) * 2010-02-18 2011-08-24 卡波施交通公司 用于在地点分散的充电站内为电动车辆充电的方法
EP2242024B1 (de) 2009-04-14 2015-02-25 Kapsch TrafficCom AG Verfahren, Komponenten und Systeme zum Erzeugen von Mauttransaktionen
US10032212B2 (en) 2013-11-04 2018-07-24 Audi Ag System and method for location based secure ordering and payment
IT201700075277A1 (it) * 2017-07-05 2019-01-05 Autostrade Tech S P A Sistema e metodo per il pagamento del rifornimento di carburante per un veicolo

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1630747A2 (de) * 2004-08-31 2006-03-01 Fela Management AG Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Mauterhebung
US20060200379A1 (en) * 2001-01-31 2006-09-07 Werner Biet Road toll collection system
EP1708143A2 (de) * 2005-03-09 2006-10-04 MPS Solutions GmbH System zur Verarbeitung von positions-und/oder mautbezogenen Daten für Fahrzeuge

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20060200379A1 (en) * 2001-01-31 2006-09-07 Werner Biet Road toll collection system
EP1630747A2 (de) * 2004-08-31 2006-03-01 Fela Management AG Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Mauterhebung
EP1708143A2 (de) * 2005-03-09 2006-10-04 MPS Solutions GmbH System zur Verarbeitung von positions-und/oder mautbezogenen Daten für Fahrzeuge

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
P. COX AND M. MCDOWELL: "Directive 2004/52/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on the interoperability of electronic road toll systems in the Community", OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION, vol. L166, 30 April 2004 (2004-04-30), pages 124 - 143, XP002437029 *

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2242024B1 (de) 2009-04-14 2015-02-25 Kapsch TrafficCom AG Verfahren, Komponenten und Systeme zum Erzeugen von Mauttransaktionen
EP2256694A1 (de) 2009-05-25 2010-12-01 Kapsch TrafficCom AG Verfahren und Komponenten zum Erzeugen von Mauttransaktionen
WO2011036187A1 (en) * 2009-09-22 2011-03-31 Kenneth Christopher Fogarty Electronic toll charge payment system and method
US9235935B2 (en) 2009-09-22 2016-01-12 Kenneth Christopher Fogarty Electronic toll charge payment system and method
EP2355046A1 (de) * 2010-02-03 2011-08-10 Kenneth C. Fogarty Elektronisches Mautbezahlungssystem und -verfahren
CN102163348A (zh) * 2010-02-18 2011-08-24 卡波施交通公司 用于在地点分散的充电站内为电动车辆充电的方法
EP2362362B1 (de) * 2010-02-18 2013-04-17 Kapsch TrafficCom AG Verfahren zum Laden von Elektrofahrzeugen in geographisch verteilten Ladestationen
US10032212B2 (en) 2013-11-04 2018-07-24 Audi Ag System and method for location based secure ordering and payment
IT201700075277A1 (it) * 2017-07-05 2019-01-05 Autostrade Tech S P A Sistema e metodo per il pagamento del rifornimento di carburante per un veicolo
EP3425577A1 (de) * 2017-07-05 2019-01-09 AUTOSTRADE TECH S.p.A. System und verfahren zum bezahlen für das betanken eines fahrzeugs

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