EP1942997B1 - Pièces de jeu de forme modifiable - Google Patents

Pièces de jeu de forme modifiable Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1942997B1
EP1942997B1 EP06809724A EP06809724A EP1942997B1 EP 1942997 B1 EP1942997 B1 EP 1942997B1 EP 06809724 A EP06809724 A EP 06809724A EP 06809724 A EP06809724 A EP 06809724A EP 1942997 B1 EP1942997 B1 EP 1942997B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
playing piece
playing
electrodes
piece
shapeable
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP06809724A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1942997A1 (fr
Inventor
Michel M. J. Decre
Johannes T. A. Wilderbeek
Ralph Kurt
Jacob M. J. Den Toonder
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Koninklijke Philips NV
Original Assignee
Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV filed Critical Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV
Priority to EP06809724A priority Critical patent/EP1942997B1/fr
Publication of EP1942997A1 publication Critical patent/EP1942997A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1942997B1 publication Critical patent/EP1942997B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63FCARD, BOARD, OR ROULETTE GAMES; INDOOR GAMES USING SMALL MOVING PLAYING BODIES; VIDEO GAMES; GAMES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • A63F3/00Board games; Raffle games
    • A63F3/00643Electric board games; Electric features of board games
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63FCARD, BOARD, OR ROULETTE GAMES; INDOOR GAMES USING SMALL MOVING PLAYING BODIES; VIDEO GAMES; GAMES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • A63F3/00Board games; Raffle games
    • A63F3/00697Playing pieces
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63FCARD, BOARD, OR ROULETTE GAMES; INDOOR GAMES USING SMALL MOVING PLAYING BODIES; VIDEO GAMES; GAMES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • A63F3/00Board games; Raffle games
    • A63F3/00643Electric board games; Electric features of board games
    • A63F2003/00678Electric board games; Electric features of board games with circuits closed by mechanical means
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63FCARD, BOARD, OR ROULETTE GAMES; INDOOR GAMES USING SMALL MOVING PLAYING BODIES; VIDEO GAMES; GAMES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • A63F3/00Board games; Raffle games
    • A63F3/00697Playing pieces
    • A63F2003/00826Changeable playing pieces

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a playing piece for use in a board game, and comprising an input for receiving an input signal from an outside control.unit and means for changing an appearance of the playing piece based on the input signal.
  • the invention further relates to a system for playing board games.
  • a game board comprises a horizontal display surface to support the pawn.
  • the bottom surface of the pawn comprises an image detector for detecting a control image on the display surface, underneath the bottom surface.
  • the pawn further comprises control means, coupled to the image detector for controlling an appearance or position of the pawn in dependence of the control image.
  • Light emitting diodes (LEDs) or a small LCD display screen are used for changing the pawn's appearance.
  • One or more wheels are used for moving the pawn relative to the game board.
  • FR-A-2 848 871 discloses a playing piece comprising an input, one shapeable segment and shaping means as in the preamble of claim 1.
  • the playing piece according to the invention differs from the known playing piece in that the shaping means is constructed for sequentially transforming neighboring groups of shapeable segments of the playing piece for moving the playing piece. Such a playing piece may move in a worm-like manner.
  • the shaping means instruct the shapeable segment to deform in dependence of the input signal.
  • the shaping means may simply pass on the input signal to the shapeable segment, may redirect the input signal to different shapeable segments or may analyze the input signal and create instructions for changing the shape and/or size of the shapeable segment, based on said input signal.
  • By coordinately altering the shape of individual segments or small groups of segments a large variety of forms can be obtained. Relatively small local shape changes of the segments may result in a complete metamorphose of the playing piece.
  • the shapeable playing piece as provided by the invention can fulfill different functions during a game, or can adapt its shape depending on the game that is being played or on its function in a game.
  • This does not only allow for having a limited set of 'electronically augmented' playing pieces for use with a plurality of games, but also enhances the gaming experience by providing playing pieces with a look and feel that matches its function or the actual playing state. It is an advantage of the playing piece according to the invention that the players no longer have to sort the playing pieces and put them on their starting location on the game board.
  • the playing pieces can be placed on any starting location on the game board, where after each piece is shaped to the shape corresponding with the starting location.
  • the playing piece further comprises an output for sending playing piece information to the outside control unit, the playing piece information comprising at least one out of the group: identification for indicating the playing piece, location for indicating a position of the playing piece and, sensor output for indicating information sensed by the playing piece.
  • the outside control unit may reshape the playing piece in dependence of the playing piece information and/or game rules.
  • the sensor output may, for example, originate from a touch sensor, sound sensor, temperature sensor, or light sensor.
  • the shape of the playing piece may, for example, be influenced by touching the playing piece or talking to the playing piece.
  • the providing of playing piece information to the outside control unit makes it possible to adapt a playing piece's shape to external or player induced triggers during a game.
  • the shapeable segment comprises a skeleton of nodes and edges, each node joining at least two edges, at least part of the edges being a controlled actuator edge, and wherein the shaping means is constructed for adjusting a length of the controllable actuator edge.
  • the skeleton may be a collection of stacked polyhedrons, such as prisms or tetrahedrons.
  • the playing piece further comprises a stretchable material for covering the outer faces of the skeleton.
  • the stretchable material e.g. rubber, smoothens the surface of the playing piece.
  • the uneven skeleton comprises a lot of edges and nodes and does therefore not look or feel like a traditional playing piece.
  • the stretchable material shrinks and expands together with the skeleton and gives the playing piece a more smooth and natural look and feel.
  • the skeleton encloses a cavity.
  • Polyhedrons can be assembled to form a shell. Since the polyhedrons are structurally stable, they can be assembled in a single thickness, leaving a cavity inside the object.
  • the cavity may comprise the shaping means, power elements, a light, a speaker, sensor elements or any other element needed for performing and supporting the tasks of the playing piece.
  • the shapeable segment comprises at least one channel, walls of at least part of the channel comprising a pair of electrodes, the shaping means comprising a voltage source for applying a voltage difference between the electrodes of at least one pair of electrodes for contraction or stretching of the corresponding channel.
  • the walls comprise elastic material for recovering the corresponding channel to its original shape after removal of the applied voltage difference.
  • the walls comprise electrically isolating material for preventing electrical contact between the electrodes of the at least one pair.
  • equal voltages may be applied to both electrodes of the pair. In that event, an electrostatic force will result in expansion of the channel. Without the isolating material, the electrodes would make an electrical contact when the channel is contracted and applying different voltages to both electrodes would not be possible.
  • the shapeable segment comprises a plurality of the channels, walls of each channel of the plurality of channels comprising a corresponding pair of electrodes and wherein the shaping means is constructed for applying the voltage difference between the electrodes of each pair of electrodes independently.
  • FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a system according to the invention.
  • the system comprises a game board 16 and one or more playing pieces 10.
  • the game board 16 comprises a horizontally placed display on which a plurality of different game board layouts can be displayed. Each different game board layout enables the playing of a different game. Furthermore, the game board layout may change during a game, in dependence of the game rules and user interaction.
  • the game board 16 in figure 1 also comprises a control unit 17 for processing the information from and to the playing pieces 10 and for controlling the course of the game in accordance with the game rules.
  • the control unit 17 comprises an input 19 for receiving information from the playing pieces 10 and an output 18 for providing information to the playing pieces 10.
  • the control unit 17 may communicate with the playing pieces 10 via the game board surface, for example, using electrodes or visual codes. Alternatively the communication may be realized wireless, for example, using BlueTooth or infrared communication means.
  • the game board 16 may also be a traditional cardboard board. In that event, the control unit 17 may be comprised in a separate unit. The separate unit may, for example, be a PC.
  • An example of an interactive board game which comprises a cardboard board with a control unit 17 is the "King Arthur" game of Ravensburger (http://www.kingarthur.de/).
  • the playing piece 10 comprises an input 12 and an output 14 for communication with the control unit 17.
  • Shaping means 13 instruct a shapeable segment 11 to deform in dependence of the input signal.
  • the shaping means 13 may simply pass on the input signal to the shapeable segment.11 or may redirect the input signal to different shapeable segments 11.
  • the shaping means 13 comprises a processor 13 for processing the input signal from the control unit 17 and for providing instructions for the shapeable segment 11 of the playing piece 10 to deform.
  • the processor is programmed to sequentially transform neighboring groups of shapeable segments of the playing piece for moving the playing piece.
  • Such a playing piece may move in a worm-like manner.
  • the shapeable segment comprises a skeleton of nodes and edges, each node joining at least two edges, at least part of the edges being a controlled actuator edge.
  • the processor is programmed to adjust a length of the controllable actuator edge.
  • the skeleton may be a collection of stacked polyhedrons, such as prisms or tetrahedrons.
  • the playing piece 10 only comprises one shapeable segment 11, which can shrink or grow.
  • the playing piece 10 comprises a plurality of shapeable segments 11, of which not only the size, but also the shape is adjustable. If, furthermore, each shapeable segment 11 can be reshaped individually, then a large variety of shapes may be taken by the playing piece 10.
  • the playing piece 10 comprises sensing elements 15 for sensing touch, sound, acceleration, position, temperature, light or any other measurable quantity relevant to the game system.
  • Signals from the sensing elements 15 are also processed by the processor 13 and may influence the shape of the playing piece 10.
  • Signals from the sensing elements 15, may also be communicated to the control unit 17 via the output 14 of the playing piece 10 and the input 19 of the control unit 17. In this event, signals from the sensing elements 15 may influence the course of the game.
  • the shapeable segments 11 may be made of inflatable or deflatable units, the filling or emptying of which from gas or liquid in a micro fluidic or otherwise controlled manner determines the relative size and shape. Other techniques for controlling the shape of the shapeable segments 11 are described below.
  • FIG. 2 shows a playing 20 piece built of prisms 21 according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • This playing piece 20 comprises 96 shapeable prisms.
  • the playing piece 20 is shaped as a box.
  • the outer surface of the playing piece 20 is covered with a stretchable material like, for example, fabric, rubber or an elastic polymer.
  • the stretchable material smoothens the edgy outer face of the skeleton of prisms 21.
  • the stretchable material may be attached to the corner points of the outer prisms 21 for obtaining a good fit of the stretchable material to the shape of the skeleton.
  • Figure 3 shows a prism 21 as is used in the playing piece 20 shown in figure 2 .
  • the prism 21 is made of twelve edges 31 jointed at eight nodes 32.
  • Two reinforcements 33 are connected to the prism 21 for providing mechanical stability.
  • At least one, but preferably all edges 31 can be contracted and expanded.
  • Preferably the nodes 32 are flexible for allowing the angles between the edges 31 to vary. By changing the length of some of the edges 31, the shape of the prism is changed.
  • Figure 4 shows a controllable actuator edge 40 which may be used as an edge 31 of the prism 21 of figure 3 .
  • the controllable actuator edge 40 comprises three sections 41, 42, 43.
  • the first section 41 and the last section 43 are connected to nodes 32 of the prism 21.
  • the sections 41, 42, 43 are coupled to each other by sliders 44.
  • the diameter of the sections 41, 42, 43 are different for providing a 'telescopic effect'.
  • SMAs shape memory alloys
  • SMAs have the ability to return to a previously defined shape when subjected to appropriate thermal procedure.
  • An SMA wire below its transformation temperature can be stretched by, for example, an external spring. When the wire is heated, for example, by an electrical current and its own resistance, the wire returns to its original shape.
  • Other techniques which may be used are, small piezo friction drives or DC servo motors.
  • Figures 5a-d show a front view of a playing piece 20 in two different shapes.
  • the playing piece 20 is in its original box shape. The outer surface is covered by a stretching material.
  • the same playing piece 20 is shown with the stretching material removed. It can be observed that the prisms 21 are in their original cubic form..
  • the playing piece 20 is reshaped to represent a house. A front view of this house is shown in figure 5c.
  • Figure 5d shows the house with the stretchable material removed. It is observed that the shapeable prisms 21 have transformed into non-cubic shapes.
  • the altered shape of the playing piece 20 is a result of the altered shapes of all individual prisms 21.
  • Figure 6 shows an exemplary embodiment of a playing piece according to the invention, built of prisms. It may take some complicate processing, but a playing piece 20 as shown in figures 2 and 5 may even be transformed into a horse 60 as shown in figure 6 . Also the horse 60 is built of a plurality of prisms 61. Alternatively, playing pieces 60 may be provided horse shaped. Changing the shape of prisms 61 in the horse 60 may result in movements of the horse 60. The horse 60 may, for example, nod its head or wag its tail or may even move its legs in order to walk small distances.
  • Figure 7 shows an exemplary embodiment of a playing piece 70 according to the invention, built of tetrahedrons 71. An enlarged view of one highlighted tetrahedron 71 is provided in figure 8 .
  • Figure 8 shows a tetrahedron which may be used in a playing piece according to the invention.
  • the tetrahedron 71 is made of edges 81 jointed by nodes 82.
  • edges 81 and four nodes 82 are used.
  • the edges are preferably realized as controllable actuator edges 40 as shown in figure 4 .
  • Figure 9 shows another playing piece 90 according to the invention.
  • the playing piece 90 comprises a shapeable outer shell 91 and a cavity 92.
  • a single layer of polyhedrons may be structurally stable enough to form the shell of a playing piece 90.
  • the fewer polyhedrons are used for making the playing piece 90, the smaller the number of degrees of freedom needed to control.
  • a smaller number of degrees of freedom results in less complicated transformations.
  • the cavity 92 may, for example, comprise the processor 13, a light, a power source, or a speaker.
  • Figure 10 shows a spherical playing piece 100, built of tetrahedrons 71.
  • Figure 11 shows a honeycomb like structure for use in a playing piece.
  • the structure is made of a plurality of sheets 111, 112, which are stacked on each other. In some parts an adhesion layer 115 sticks the structure together. In other parts, the sheets are separated to form a hexagonal channel 110. In the channel walls, the sheets 111, 112 comprise respective electrodes 113, 114.
  • the basis of the sheet 111 and 112 may be a socalled PolyMEMS (Polymer Micro Electro Mechanical System) structure.
  • a double layer composite structure consisting of a polymer film (e.g. an acrylate) and a conductive film (e.g. Chromium) may be used.
  • the channel 110 can recover its original shape, for example, due to elastic properties of the sheets 111, 112.
  • applying different voltages to the electrodes 113, 114 may result in a repelling electrostatic force for recovering the original shape of the channel 110.
  • the sheets 111, 112 are characterized by an initial tensile stress, also called pre-strain stress, in the range between 0 and 50 mPa. Negative values of compressive pre-stress would result in wrinkling of the sheets, which is unwanted.
  • each channel comprises a pair of electrodes and the voltage source is constructed for applying the voltage difference between the electrodes 113, 114 of each pair of electrodes 113, 114 independently.
  • the contraction of each channel 110 is controlled independently, a large variety of forms can be obtained.
  • small groups of channels 110 are contracted and stretched simultaneously by a pair of common electrodes.
  • Figure 12 shows contraction of a honeycomb like structure.
  • all channels 110 have their original hexagonal shape.
  • voltage differences are applied to the electrode pairs and all channels 110 are contracted.
  • Figure 13 shows an exemplary playing piece 130 according to the invention in three different shapes.
  • a voltage difference is only applied to electrode pairs of channels at specific locations.
  • By coordinately contracting channels at specific locations a large variety of forms may be obtained.
  • the channels in a left part 131 and a right part 133 of a box shaped playing piece 130 are contracted, while the channels in a central part 132 are expanded. This results in a car shaped playing piece 130.
  • the channels in the left 131 and right part 133 of the same playing piece 130 are expanded, while the channels in the central part 132 are contracted, As a result the playing piece 130 has a totally different form.
  • FIG 13c the same playing piece 130 is shown again. Now only the channels of a front part of the central part 132 of the playing piece 130 are contracted. By contracting and expanding individual channels or small groups of channels, a large variety of shapes may be applied to the playing piece 130.
  • Figure 14 shows a playing piece 140 which is able to move in a worm-like manner.
  • this playing piece 140 the channels in neighboring portions 141, 142, 143, 144 are sequentially contracted and expanded to move the playing piece 140 in a worm-like manner.
  • the playing piece 140 is on its original position.
  • the channels in third portion 143 of the playing piece 140 are contracted.
  • the width of the third portion 143 increases.
  • the width of the total playing piece 140 is also increased.
  • the playing piece 140 now needs a larger area on the game board 145.
  • the fourth portion 144 is pushed to the right (as indicated by the arrow) while the first two portions 141, 142 remain at their original positions.
  • the channels in the second portion 142 are contracted while the channels of the third portion 143 are expanded. This reshaping has no effect on the total width of the playing piece 140 and the playing piece 140 will remain at its position.
  • the channels of the second portion 142 are expanded and the width of the playing piece 140 is reduced.
  • the first portion 141 is pulled to the right (as indicated by the arrow) while the last two portions 143, 144 remain at their original positions.
  • the playing piece 140 in figure 14d has the same shape as in figure 14a and has moved to the right. In this worm like manner, the playing piece 140 may move in any direction over the game board.

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Claims (15)

  1. Pièce de jeu (10, 20) destinée à être utilisée dans un jeu de société à plateau, et comprenant :
    - une entrée (12) destinée à recevoir un signal d'entrée à partir d'une unité de commande extérieure (17), le signal d'entrée représentant une forme et/ou taille particulière de la pièce de jeu (10, 20), et
    - au moins un segment pouvant être mis en forme (11,21),
    - des moyens de mise en forme (13) destinés à coupler l'entrée (12) à l'au moins un segment pouvant être mis en forme (11,21) pour déformer le segment pouvant être mis en forme (11, 21) de façon dépendante du signal d'entrée pour obtenir la forme et/ou taille particulière de la pièce de jeu (10, 20), caractérisée en ce que les moyens de mise en forme (13) sont construits pour transformer séquentiellement des groupes voisins (141 à 144) de segments pouvant être mis en forme (11, 21) de la pièce de jeu (10, 20) pour déplacer la pièce de jeu (10, 20).
  2. Pièce de jeu (10, 20) selon la revendication 1, comprenant en outre une sortie (14) destinée à envoyer des informations de pièce de jeu à l'unité de commande extérieure (17), les informations de pièce de jeu comprenant au moins un parmi le groupe constitué de : une identification pour indiquer la pièce de jeu (10, 20), un positionnement pour indiquer une position de la pièce de jeu (10, 20) et une sortie de capteur pour indiquer des informations détectées par la pièce de jeu (10, 20).
  3. Pièce de jeu (10, 20) selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle le segment pouvant être mis en forme (21) comprend un squelette de noeuds (32) et bords (31), chaque noeud (32) joignant au moins deux bords (31), au moins une partie des bords (31) étant un bord d'actionneur commandé (40), et dans laquelle les moyens de mise en forme (13) sont construits pour régler une longueur du bord d'actionneur pouvant être commandé (40).
  4. Pièce de jeu (10, 20) selon la revendication 3, comprenant en outre un matériau étirable pour recouvrir les faces extérieures du squelette.
  5. Pièce de jeu (10, 20) selon la revendication 4, dans laquelle le matériau étirable est fixé aux noeuds (32) seulement.
  6. Pièce de jeu (10, 91) selon la revendication 4, dans laquelle le squelette enferme une cavité (92).
  7. Pièce de jeu (10, 91) selon la revendication 6, dans laquelle la cavité (92) comprend les moyens de mise en forme (13).
  8. Pièce de jeu (10, 20) selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle le segment pouvant être mis en forme (11) comprend au moins un canal (110), des parois d'au moins une partie du canal (110) comprenant une paire d'électrodes (113, 114), les moyens de mise en forme (13) comprenant une source de tension pour appliquer une différence de tension entre les électrodes (113, 114) d'au moins une paire d'électrodes (113, 114) pour la contraction ou l'étirement du canal correspondant (110).
  9. Pièce de jeu (10, 20) selon la revendication 8, dans laquelle les parois comprennent un matériau élastique pour remettre le canal correspondant (110) dans sa forme d'origine après l'élimination de la différence de tension appliquée.
  10. Pièce de jeu (10, 20) selon la revendication 8, dans laquelle les parois comprennent un matériau électriquement isolant pour empêcher le contact électrique entre les électrodes de l'au moins une paire.
  11. Pièce de jeu (10, 20) selon la revendication 8, dans laquelle les parois comprennent une couche de polymère.
  12. Pièce de jeu (10, 20) selon la revendication 8, dans laquelle une section transversale d'au moins un canal de la pluralité de canaux est hexagonale.
  13. Pièce de jeu (10, 20) selon la revendication 8, dans laquelle le segment pouvant être mis en forme (11) comprend une pluralité des canaux (10), des parois de chaque canal (110) de la pluralité de canaux (110) comprenant une paire correspondante d'électrodes (113, 114) et dans laquelle les moyens de mise en forme (13) sont construits pour appliquer la différence de tension entre les électrodes (113, 114) de chaque paire d'électrodes (113, 114) indépendamment.
  14. Système pour jouer des jeux de société à plateau, comprenant :
    - au moins une pièce de jeu (10, 20) selon la revendication 1,
    - un plateau de jeu (16) pour supporter l'au moins une pièce de jeu (10, 20),
    - l'unité de commande extérieure (17) destinée à envoyer le signal d'entrée à l'entrée (12) de l'au moins une pièce de jeu (10, 20).
  15. Système pour jouer des jeux de société à plateau selon la revendication 14, dans lequel :
    - la pièce de jeu (10, 20) comprend une sortie (14) destinée à envoyer des informations de pièce de jeu à l'unité de commande extérieure (17), les informations de pièce de jeu comprenant au moins un parmi le groupe constitué de : une identification pour indiquer la pièce de jeu, un positionnement pour indiquer une position de la pièce de jeu (10, 20) et une sortie de capteur pour indiquer des informations détectées par la pièce de jeu (10, 20), et
    - l'unité de commande extérieure (17) est agencée pour recevoir les informations de pièce de jeu et pour fournir le signal d'entrée sur la base des informations de pièce de jeu.
EP06809724A 2005-10-27 2006-10-27 Pièces de jeu de forme modifiable Not-in-force EP1942997B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP06809724A EP1942997B1 (fr) 2005-10-27 2006-10-27 Pièces de jeu de forme modifiable

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP05110065 2005-10-27
EP06809724A EP1942997B1 (fr) 2005-10-27 2006-10-27 Pièces de jeu de forme modifiable
PCT/IB2006/053957 WO2007049240A1 (fr) 2005-10-27 2006-10-27 Modification de la forme de pieces de jeu

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1942997A1 EP1942997A1 (fr) 2008-07-16
EP1942997B1 true EP1942997B1 (fr) 2009-04-29

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US (1) US20080224395A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1942997B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2009513223A (fr)
CN (1) CN101296732A (fr)
AT (1) ATE429963T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE602006006588D1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2007049240A1 (fr)

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Publication number Publication date
DE602006006588D1 (de) 2009-06-10
JP2009513223A (ja) 2009-04-02
CN101296732A (zh) 2008-10-29
US20080224395A1 (en) 2008-09-18
WO2007049240A1 (fr) 2007-05-03
EP1942997A1 (fr) 2008-07-16
ATE429963T1 (de) 2009-05-15

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