EP1938351A1 - Current limiting device - Google Patents

Current limiting device

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Publication number
EP1938351A1
EP1938351A1 EP06806134A EP06806134A EP1938351A1 EP 1938351 A1 EP1938351 A1 EP 1938351A1 EP 06806134 A EP06806134 A EP 06806134A EP 06806134 A EP06806134 A EP 06806134A EP 1938351 A1 EP1938351 A1 EP 1938351A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
current
busbar
fault
power
current limiter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP06806134A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1938351B1 (en
Inventor
Andreas Schumacher
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eaton Industries GmbH
Original Assignee
Moeller GmbH
Kloeckner Moeller GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Moeller GmbH, Kloeckner Moeller GmbH filed Critical Moeller GmbH
Publication of EP1938351A1 publication Critical patent/EP1938351A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1938351B1 publication Critical patent/EP1938351B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H87/00—Protective devices in which a current flowing through a liquid or solid is interrupted by the evaporation of the liquid or by the melting and evaporation of the solid when the current becomes excessive, the circuit continuity being reestablished on cooling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H39/00—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current
    • H01H39/006—Opening by severing a conductor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H83/00—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current
    • H01H83/20—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by excess current as well as by some other abnormal electrical condition
    • H01H2083/201—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by excess current as well as by some other abnormal electrical condition the other abnormal electrical condition being an arc fault
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/541—Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices
    • H01H9/542—Contacts shunted by static switch means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for limiting a short circuit current caused by a system fault (for example, by an arc fault) in an electrical switching or distribution system.
  • the device should be usable for low and medium voltage.
  • the interruption device comprises a detection device for detecting the Anlag- Ergen or the arc fault in the sense of a fault detection device, a single-phase line disconnector in at least one power current path and an activatable current limiter for a guided in the power current flow.
  • Arc flashes can lead to extreme property damage, but also personal injury. To limit the damage in addition to a quick detection of the error and the rapid shutdown (deletion) of the arc and / or limitation of the current required.
  • Various solutions are state-of-the-art for the rapid detection of a fault.
  • Various physical parameters of a switchgear or of a power distributor can be detected when an arc fault occurs by means of a suitable sensor. For example, this can be done via the coupling of the light of the arc fault into photoactive elements (DE 30 31 517 A1), wherein the light is converted opto-elec- tronically in a corresponding switching command to a circuit breaker and this separates the system from the network.
  • Faulty disconnecting fuses on the line side (before an arc fault extinction) generate an arc that can not be effectively interrupted by an off-line, slow-acting circuit-breaker. Furthermore, fuses are unusable after each triggering and must be replaced. Costs for such backups are high.
  • I s- limiter For medium-voltage applications, a device called an I s- limiter has been known for more than 40 years and accordingly has often been described. Representative of this is to be referred to DE 199 55 682 A1 to a device for high voltage.
  • the working principle is that a fuse - for example, by a fuse - the short-circuit current in the first increase in current in the first half-wave is limited and then interrupted.
  • Low-voltage systems in contrast to medium-voltage systems, have particularly high operating currents. While hardly any currents above 5,000 A occur at medium and high voltage, currents of more than 100 kA can occur in low-voltage systems. For the use of a current limiter and / or switching off a short circuit, there is therefore the problem of the current steepness associated with overvoltages, especially in the case of inductive loads.
  • the solution of the problem can be found in the main claim. Further refinements are formulated in the subclaims.
  • the device includes a detection device for the fault current, which activates a current limiter for a guided in the power flow operating current upon detection.
  • the current limiter is arranged in parallel circuit position to the line separator, wherein after line separation of the current limiter is able to perform for more than a half-wave, preferably for several half cycles of the alternating current, a reduced operating current.
  • features of the invention include that the line disconnector has a switching time for the disconnection of the power current path of less than 5 ms and that the current limit of the current limiter is designed for a current that is smaller than a pre-definable short-circuit current or limited to a current strength, in which a fault arc extinguished.
  • the line disconnector is placed in the disconnection point where the busbar is to be severed in less than 5 ms.
  • the current After disconnecting the conductor through the line disconnector, the current commutates into the parallel current path in which the current limiter is present.
  • the reduction of the operating current can be adjusted by the current limiter such that a predeterminable residual current intensity is undershot, for example to 100 A operating current.
  • a preferred setting may be such a current, which is below a burning intensity which does not permit an independent burning of an arc fault at the driving voltage. From detailed studies, the relationship between driving voltage and extinction and / or continuation of the burning of the arc fault is very accurately known, so that the setting of the current limiter is precisely adjustable.
  • a separation point is provided, the beginning and end of which is connected to a current limiter in parallel
  • the line separator should be designed as a mechanical cutting device, with the power flow path can be separated.
  • switchgear and Stromvermaschinem power lines are mostly designed as a busbars, so that it should be in the context of the invention here is a cutting device, which is adapted to separate the flow path.
  • the line separator can be designed so that it is a pyrotechnically driven cutting device.
  • the cutting device can be designed as a pyrotechnic cutting charge. Suitable pyrotechnic cutting charges are commercially available and are described in an example also in EP 0052521 A1.
  • the squib is designed in the form of a linearly shaped charge with an elongated explosive body. The explosive is mounted across the busbar extension, so that the explosive body cuts through the busbar in full width.
  • the current limiter can each be a current limiter designed according to the following technology: it can be a liquid metal current limiter, a PTC thermistor or, if technologically applicable for a given electrical system, a thyristor as well.
  • a liquid metal current limiter which is to be installed in a horizontal position, be used when the busbars are also horizontal, so that the current limiters come to lie flat on the busbars.
  • a circuit breaker With the detection of an arc fault and the release of the separation device, a circuit breaker can be applied in parallel. With the tripping of the circuit breaker the operating current can finally be switched off.
  • the position of the circuit breaker - whether on the mains side before the disconnecting device and / or behind the disconnecting device - should be dependent on the type and structure of the electrical system.
  • the device according to the invention can also be configured so that in the switching or distribution system, a load shedding control is present, which is also activated by the detection device (for the fault current).
  • a load shedding control is present, which is also activated by the detection device (for the fault current).
  • the load shedding control can be set up so that after a given priority certain consumers are disconnected from the grid and other loads continue to operate.
  • the disconnecting device After a fault, the disconnecting device must be replaced.
  • the device according to the invention is set up in such a way that it has connecting points with the busbars in front of and behind a location where the disconnecting device can be connected on both sides to a rail section via bolts.
  • More than one cutting charge at the intended location of the separation of the conductor rail can be arranged, if a particularly wide and therefore safe separation distance is to be generated. This avoids that a switching arc occurs in a too narrow separation distance and thus reduces the effect of the separator.
  • the device Since the use of a pyrotechnic cutting charge metal components of the busbar are replaced and exhaust gases from the pyrotechnic device occur, measures should be taken ; which serve the shielding - in particular to avoid personal injury. Thereafter, it is proposed that the device is designed as a structural unit with housing, which has a refractory lining and at least one outlet opening for an exhaust gas stream.
  • the lining may for example consist of plates made of glass fiber reinforced plastic.
  • FIG. 1 Structure of a device with two cutting charges and a liquid metal current limiter.
  • the single figure shows schematically the structure of a device according to the invention. It is indicated a designed as a power rail power flow path 10, on which a line separator 20 is mounted.
  • a rail section 16 is formed, which is.
  • a rail section 16 is formed, which is.
  • Beginning and end of the rail section 16 each have connection points 18, where the rail section 16 is connected to the busbars via bolts.
  • the joints should be designed so that access and extraction is best possible from the bottom of the device.
  • the device should be housed in a housing 60, which is shown schematically here.
  • a current limiter 30 is provided, which is preferably mounted outside of the addressed housing 60.
  • the figure shows a single-phase arrangement.
  • the device may also be formed in three phases, so that a bus bar 10 is present per phase and each bus bar is provided with a separator 20.
  • the current through the busbar is designated h.
  • the current I 2 in the parallel current path has no significance for the normal operation of the switchgear. After the separation of the busbar, the full operating current I 1 briefly flows through the current limiter, which then reduces the current to a predeterminable value or below a predeterminable value b.
  • the separating device is triggered, wherein the rail section 16 is cut at at least one point 24. This creates a separation line.
  • a plurality of cutting charges 22 can be mounted side by side on the rail section 16 and thus several separation points 24 are generated, or that the total length of the separation point is made sufficiently large.
  • the rail section is supported on the side facing away from the cutting charge by abutments 26, 26 '. In any case, the rail section should be supported on both sides of the intended separation point 24. In individual cases, it must be checked whether a center support 26 'is necessary or not in the middle between two possible separation points. In the figure, it is indicated that two pyrotechnic cutting charges 22 are mounted side by side on the rail section 16. A cutting load is placed across the full width of the rail section 16 on the rail section 16.
  • the location and number of the cutting charges determine location and number of separation points 24.
  • the possible separation point in the rail section does not need to be mechanically designed particularly. However, it may well be useful - without reducing the line cross section of the rail section - to provide perforations (for example bores) at the location of a possible separation point, so that a type of predetermined breaking point for the pyrotechnic sprinkling is pre-stamped there.
  • Commercially available cutting loads e.g., under the trademark Dynawell
  • the structure according to the invention according to the figure consists of two pyrotechnic cutting charges 22 and a liquid metal current limiter 30, in which a plurality of compressor chambers 32 and the liquid metal surface are indicated.
  • two outlet openings 62 for an exhaust gas stream 64 are shown in the housing 60.
  • the current limiter 30 is fastened by means of its own busbars 12 to the busbars 10 which form the power circuit, with connecting elements, not shown.

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for limiting a fault current produced by an accidental arc in an electric switch and/or distribution system by limiting and/or interrupting said fault arc. The inventive device comprises a fault detection device, a single-phase power disconnector (20) in at least one power current path (10) and an activable current limiter (30) for a current supplied by the power current path. According to said invention, the current limiter (30) is in parallel connected to the power disconnector (20), the power disconnector (20) has a switching time less than 5 ms for disconnecting the power current path (10) and the current limiter (30) limitation is applied to a current intensity which is less than the predeterminable fault current or is limited to a current intensity at which the accidental arc is extinguished.

Description

Vorrichtung zur Strombegrenzung Device for current limitation
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zur Begrenzung eines durch einen Anlagenfehler (bei- spielsweise durch einen Störlichtbogen) verursachten Kurzschluss-Stroms in einer elektrischen Schalt- oder Verteileranlage. Die Vorrichtung soll für Nieder- als auch für Mittelspannung einsetzbar sein.The invention relates to a device for limiting a short circuit current caused by a system fault (for example, by an arc fault) in an electrical switching or distribution system. The device should be usable for low and medium voltage.
Die Unterbrechungsvorrichtung umfasst eine Detektionseinrichtung zur Erfassung des AnIa- genfehlers oder des Störlichtbogens im Sinne einer Fehlererfassungseinrichtung, einen einphasigen Leitungstrenner in mindestens einer Leistungsstrombahn und einen aktivierbaren Strom begrenzer für einen in der Leistungsstrombahn geführten Strom.The interruption device comprises a detection device for detecting the Anlag- Ergen or the arc fault in the sense of a fault detection device, a single-phase line disconnector in at least one power current path and an activatable current limiter for a guided in the power current flow.
Störlichtbögen können zu extremen Sachschäden, aber auch Personenschäden führen. Zur Begrenzung der Schäden ist neben einer schnellen Erfassung des Fehlers auch die schnelle Abschaltung (Löschung) des Störlichtbogens und/oder Begrenzung des Stroms erforderlich.Arc flashes can lead to extreme property damage, but also personal injury. To limit the damage in addition to a quick detection of the error and the rapid shutdown (deletion) of the arc and / or limitation of the current required.
Für die rasche Erfassung eines Fehlers gehören verschiedene Lösungen zum Stand der Technik. Es können dabei verschiedene physikalische Parameter einer Schaltanlage oder eines Stromverteilers bei Auftreten eines Störlichtbogens mittels eines geeigneten Sensors detektiert werden. Beispielsweise kann dies über die Einkopplung des Lichts des Störlichtbogens in photoaktive Elemente erfolgen (DE 30 31 517 A1 ), wobei das Licht opto-elek- tronisch in einen entsprechenden Schaltbefehl an einen Leistungsschalter gewandelt wird und dieser die Anlage vom Netz trennt.Various solutions are state-of-the-art for the rapid detection of a fault. Various physical parameters of a switchgear or of a power distributor can be detected when an arc fault occurs by means of a suitable sensor. For example, this can be done via the coupling of the light of the arc fault into photoactive elements (DE 30 31 517 A1), wherein the light is converted opto-elec- tronically in a corresponding switching command to a circuit breaker and this separates the system from the network.
Vorgeschlagen sind noch weitere Anordnungen zur Unterdrückung oder Löschung eines Störlichtbogens, weil die Dauer der Aktivierung allein eines Leistungsschalters in der Regel zu lang ist, um tatsächlich die Schadenswirkung eines Störlichtbogens zu begrenzen. Eine Einrichtung, mit der innerhalb von wenigen Millisekunden der Störlichtbogen gelöscht werden kann ist durch DE 197 46 566 A1 bekannt geworden. Mit der Zündung einer pyrotechnischen Ladung wird ein Bolzen beschleunigt, der sich klemmend zwischen 2 Stromschienen presst und einen metallischen Kurzschluss erzeugt, wodurch einem brennenden Störlichtbogen unmittelbar die treibende elektrische Energie entzogen wird. Der Störlichtbogen erlischt in einem Zeitraum von einigen Millisekunden.Further proposed are other arrangements for suppressing or extinguishing an arc, because the duration of the activation of a circuit breaker is usually too long to actually limit the damage effect of a fault arc. A device with which the arc can be deleted within a few milliseconds is known from DE 197 46 566 A1. With the ignition of a pyrotechnic charge, a bolt is accelerated, which presses clamped between 2 busbars and generates a metallic short circuit, whereby a burning arcing fault directly the driving electrical energy is withdrawn. The arc will extinguish within a few milliseconds.
Solche Anordnungen haben den Nachteil, dass durch die mit einer schnellen Abschaltung verbundene zeitliche Stromänderung (di/dt) bei induktiven Lasten hohe Spannungsspitzen auftreten, die für sich genommen ebenfalls Schäden erzeugen können. Weiterhin wird zwar durch die zitierte Anordnung der Störlichtbogen gelöscht, doch weiterhin fließt ein starker Kurzschlussstrom, der relativ viel später von einem Leistungsschalter abgeschaltet wird. Leistungsschalter benötigen zur Abschaltung eine relativ lange Zeit (je nach Leistungsbe- reich); beispielsweise bis zu 50 ms. Während dieser Dauer fließt der Kurzschlussstrom und Anlagenteile können netzseitig (vor dem Kurzschluss) Schaden erleiden. Weiterhin hat sich herausgestellt, dass Kurzschluss-Sicherungen nicht in jedem Fall fehlerfrei trennen. Fehlerhaft trennende, netzseitig (vor einer Störlichtbogenlöschung) angeordnete Sicherungen erzeugen ihrerseits einen Störlichtbogen, der von einem netzfernen, träge schaltenden Leis- tungsschalter nicht rechtzeitig wirksam unterbrechbar ist. Weiterhin sind Sicherungen nach jedem Auslösen unbrauchbar und sind auszutauschen. Kosten für solche Sicherungen sind hoch.Such arrangements have the disadvantage that high voltage spikes occur with inductive loads due to the temporal current change (di / dt) associated with rapid disconnection which, taken separately, can also cause damage. Furthermore, although the arc quenched by the cited arrangement, but still flows a strong short-circuit current, which is relatively much later turned off by a circuit breaker. Circuit breakers require a relatively long time to shut down (depending on the power range); for example, up to 50 ms. During this period, the short-circuit current flows and system components may suffer damage on the line side (before the short-circuit). Furthermore, it has been found that short-circuit fuses do not always separate faultlessly. Faulty disconnecting fuses on the line side (before an arc fault extinction) generate an arc that can not be effectively interrupted by an off-line, slow-acting circuit-breaker. Furthermore, fuses are unusable after each triggering and must be replaced. Costs for such backups are high.
Für Mittelspannungsanwendungen ist eine als Is-Begrenzer bezeichnete Einrichtung seit mehr als 40 Jahren bekannt und dementsprechend auch häufig schon beschrieben worden. Stellvertretend dafür soll hier mit DE 199 55 682 A1 auf eine Einrichtung für Hochspannung verwiesen werden. Das Arbeitsprinzip besteht darin, dass durch eine Sicherung - beispielsweise durch eine Schmelzsicherung - der Kurzschluss-Strom im ersten Stromanstieg in der ersten Halbwelle begrenzt wird und danach unterbrochen wird.For medium-voltage applications, a device called an I s- limiter has been known for more than 40 years and accordingly has often been described. Representative of this is to be referred to DE 199 55 682 A1 to a device for high voltage. The working principle is that a fuse - for example, by a fuse - the short-circuit current in the first increase in current in the first half-wave is limited and then interrupted.
Niederspannungssysteme haben im Gegensatz zu Mittelspannungsanlagen besonders hohe Betriebsströme. Während bei Mittel- und Hochspannung kaum Ströme oberhalb von 5.000 A vorkommen, können in Niederspannungsanlagen Ströme von mehr als 100 kA auftreten. Für den Einsatz eines Strombegrenzers und/oder das Abschalten eines Kurzschlusses gibt es daher insbesondere bei induktiven Lasten die Problematik der mit Überspannungen verbundenen Stromsteilheit.Low-voltage systems, in contrast to medium-voltage systems, have particularly high operating currents. While hardly any currents above 5,000 A occur at medium and high voltage, currents of more than 100 kA can occur in low-voltage systems. For the use of a current limiter and / or switching off a short circuit, there is therefore the problem of the current steepness associated with overvoltages, especially in the case of inductive loads.
Es gibt ältere Vorschläge zur Schnellunterbrechung von Kurzschluss-Strömen, die jedoch nur eine einmalige Abschaltung erlauben und anschließend vollständig ausgewechselt wer- den müssen (DE 10 56 249 C oder DE 10 97 016 C).There are older proposals for rapid interruption of short-circuit currents, which, however, only allow a single shutdown and must then be completely replaced (DE 10 56 249 C or DE 10 97 016 C).
Wegen der aufgezeigten Probleme wird deutlich, dass für Niederspannungsanwendungen im Fehlerfall Bedarf für eine wirksame Strombegrenzung existiert.Because of the problems indicated, it becomes clear that there is a need for effective current limitation for low voltage applications in the event of a fault.
Es ist die Aufgabe der Erfindung einen Strombegrenzer für die Dauer größer als eine Halbwelle des Wechselstroms anzugeben, der für hohe Betriebsströme geeignet und mehrfach verwendbar ist. Die Lösung der Aufgabe findet sich im Hauptanspruch. Weiterführende Ausgestaltungen sind in den Unteransprüchen formuliert.It is the object of the invention to provide a current limiter for the duration greater than a half-wave of the alternating current, which is suitable for high operating currents and reusable. The solution of the problem can be found in the main claim. Further refinements are formulated in the subclaims.
Zur Vorrichtung gehört eine Detektionseinrichtung für den Fehlerstrom, welche bei Detektion einen Strombegrenzer für einen in der Leistungsstrombahn geführten Betriebsstrom aktiviert. Der Strombegrenzer ist in paralleler Schaltungslage zum Leitungstrenner angeordnet, wobei nach Leitungstrennung der Strombegrenzer in der Lage ist, für mehr als eine Halbwelle, vorzugsweise für mehrere Halbwellen des Wechselstroms einen verminderten Betriebsstrom zu führen.The device includes a detection device for the fault current, which activates a current limiter for a guided in the power flow operating current upon detection. The current limiter is arranged in parallel circuit position to the line separator, wherein after line separation of the current limiter is able to perform for more than a half-wave, preferably for several half cycles of the alternating current, a reduced operating current.
Weiterhin gehört zu den Merkmalen der Erfindung, dass der Leitungstrenner eine Schaltzeit für das Auftrennen der Leistungsstrombahn von kürzer als 5 ms aufweist und dass die Strombegrenzung des Strombegrenzers auf eine Stromstärke ausgelegt ist, die kleiner ist als ein vorbestimmbarer Kurzschlussstrom oder auf eine Stromstärke begrenzt ist, bei der ein Störlichtbogen erlischt. Der Leitungstrenner wird in der Trennstelle angeordnet, in der in kürzerer Zeit als 5 ms die Stromschiene durchzutrennen ist.Furthermore, features of the invention include that the line disconnector has a switching time for the disconnection of the power current path of less than 5 ms and that the current limit of the current limiter is designed for a current that is smaller than a pre-definable short-circuit current or limited to a current strength, in which a fault arc extinguished. The line disconnector is placed in the disconnection point where the busbar is to be severed in less than 5 ms.
Nach Auftrennen des Stromleiters durch den Leitungstrenner kommutiert der Strom in die Parallelstrombahn, in der der Strombegrenzer vorhanden ist. Die Verminderung des Betriebsstroms ist durch den Strombegrenzer derart einstellbar, dass eine vorbestimmbare Fehlerstrom-Stromstärke unterschritten wird, beispielsweise auf 100 A Betriebsstrom. Eine bevorzugte Einstellung kann ein solcher Strom sein, der unter einer Brennstärke liegt, die ein selbständiges Brennen eines Störlichtbogens bei der treibenden Spannung nicht mehr er- laubt. Aus detaillierten Untersuchungen ist der Zusammenhang zwischen treibender Spannung und Erlöschen und/oder Fortdauer des Brennens des Störlichtbogens sehr genau bekannt, so dass die Einstellung des Strombegrenzers präzise einstellbar ist.After disconnecting the conductor through the line disconnector, the current commutates into the parallel current path in which the current limiter is present. The reduction of the operating current can be adjusted by the current limiter such that a predeterminable residual current intensity is undershot, for example to 100 A operating current. A preferred setting may be such a current, which is below a burning intensity which does not permit an independent burning of an arc fault at the driving voltage. From detailed studies, the relationship between driving voltage and extinction and / or continuation of the burning of the arc fault is very accurately known, so that the setting of the current limiter is precisely adjustable.
Weitere vorzugsweise Ausgestaltungen sind noch folgende:Further preferred embodiments are the following:
Für mindestens eine Stromschiene wird eine Trennstelle vorgesehen, deren Anfang und Ende mit einem Strombegrenzer in Parallelschaltung beschaltet wirdFor at least one busbar a separation point is provided, the beginning and end of which is connected to a current limiter in parallel
Als besondere Vorteile stellen sich die Mehrfachverwendbarkeit des Strombegrenzers und die Sicherheit der Begrenzungsmaßnahme heraus. Wohingegen der Austausch der Trennvorrichtung eine notwendige aber kostengünstige Maßnahme ist, im Vergleich zu möglichen Störlichtbogenschäden. Als Ausführungsformen werden folgende Einzelheiten vorgeschlagen:As special advantages, the multiple usability of the current limiter and the safety of the limiting measure out. Whereas the replacement of the separation device is a necessary but cost-effective measure, in comparison to possible arcing damage. As embodiments, the following details are proposed:
Der Leitungstrenner sollte als mechanische Schneidvorrichtung ausgestaltet ein, mit der die Leistungsstrombahn auftrennbar ist.The line separator should be designed as a mechanical cutting device, with the power flow path can be separated.
In Schaltanlagen und Stromverteilem werden Leistungsstrombahnen meistens als Stromschienen ausgestaltet, so dass es sich im Rahmen der Erfindung hier um eine Schneidvorrichtung handeln soll, die geeignet ist, die Strombahn aufzutrennen. Vorzugsweise kann der Leitungstrenner so ausgestaltet sein, dass es sich um eine pyrotechnisch angetriebene Schneidvorrichtung handelt.In switchgear and Stromverteilem power lines are mostly designed as a busbars, so that it should be in the context of the invention here is a cutting device, which is adapted to separate the flow path. Preferably, the line separator can be designed so that it is a pyrotechnically driven cutting device.
Die Schneidvorrichtung kann als pyrotechnische Schneidladung ausgestaltet sein. Geeignete pyrotechnische Schneidladungen sind kommerziell erhältlich und sind in einem Beispiel auch in der EP 0052521 A1 beschrieben. Hierbei ist die Zündpille in Form einer linear geformten Ladung mit einem langgestreckten Explosivkörper ausgebildet. Der Explosivkörper wird quer zur Stromschienen-Erstreckung angebracht, so dass der Explosivkörper die Stromschiene in voller Breite durchtrennt.The cutting device can be designed as a pyrotechnic cutting charge. Suitable pyrotechnic cutting charges are commercially available and are described in an example also in EP 0052521 A1. Here, the squib is designed in the form of a linearly shaped charge with an elongated explosive body. The explosive is mounted across the busbar extension, so that the explosive body cuts through the busbar in full width.
Der Strombegrenzer kann jeweils einer nach folgender Technologie ausgebildeter Strombegrenzer sein: Es kann ein Flüssigmetall-Strombegrenzer, ein Kaltleiter oder - falls für eine vorgesehen elektrische Anlage technologisch einsetzbar - auch ein Thyristor sein. Bei einigen Flüssigmetall-Strombegrenzern ist eine feste Einbaulage zu beachten. Daher kann es angebracht sein, die Führung der Stromschienen und die Einbaulage der erfindungsgemä- ßen Trennvorrichtung zueinander anzupassen. Beispielsweise kann ein Flüssigmetall- Strombegrenzer, der in horizontaler Lage einzubauen ist, genutzt werden, wenn die Stromschienen ebenfalls horizontal liegen, so dass die Strombegrenzer flach auf den Stromschienen zu liegen kommen.The current limiter can each be a current limiter designed according to the following technology: it can be a liquid metal current limiter, a PTC thermistor or, if technologically applicable for a given electrical system, a thyristor as well. For some liquid metal current limiters, a fixed installation position must be observed. Therefore, it may be appropriate to adjust the guide of the busbars and the mounting position of the inventive separation device to each other. For example, a liquid metal current limiter, which is to be installed in a horizontal position, be used when the busbars are also horizontal, so that the current limiters come to lie flat on the busbars.
Strombegrenzer, die auf längere Dauer einen Betriebsstrom tragen können, sind Flüssigmetall-Schalter, welche beispielsweise in EP 1026720 A1 oder in EP 1173873 B1 beschrieben sind. Nach Ende eines Betriebs im Fehlerfall gehen Flüssigmetall-Schalter wieder in einen normalen Betriebszustand über, so dass solche Strombegrenzer im Gegensatz zu Sicherungen mehrfach benutzbar und nicht austauschbedürftig sind.Current limiters that can carry an operating current in the longer term are liquid metal switches, which are described for example in EP 1026720 A1 or in EP 1173873 B1. After an operation in the event of a fault liquid metal switches go back to a normal operating state, so that such current limiters in contrast to fuses are reusable and not in need of replacement.
Mit der Detektion eines Störlichtbogens und der Auslösung der Trennvorrichtung kann parallel ein Leistungsschalter beaufschlagt werden. Mit der Auslösung des Leistungsschalters kann der Betriebsstrom endgültig abgeschaltet werden. Die Lage des Leistungsschalters - ob netzseitig vor der Trennvorrichtung und/oder hinter der Trennvorrichtung - sollte von der Art und dem Aufbau der elektrischen Anlage abhängig gemacht werden.With the detection of an arc fault and the release of the separation device, a circuit breaker can be applied in parallel. With the tripping of the circuit breaker the operating current can finally be switched off. The position of the circuit breaker - whether on the mains side before the disconnecting device and / or behind the disconnecting device - should be dependent on the type and structure of the electrical system.
Alternativ zu definitiven Abschaltung der elektrischen Anlage durch einen Leistungsschalter, kann die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung auch so ausgestaltet werden, dass in der Schaltoder Verteileranlage eine Lastabwurfsteuerung vorhanden ist, die ebenfalls von der Detekti- onseinrichtung (für den Fehlerstrom) aktivierbar ist. Eine solche Ergänzung erlaubt eine Art Notstrom betrieb in Höhe des geminderten Betriebsstroms, wenn auf der Verbraucherseite die aufzubringende elektrische Leistung durch den Lastabwurf verringert wird. Die Lastabwurfsteuerung kann derart eingerichtet sein, dass nach einer vorgegebenen Priorität bestimmte Verbraucher vom Netz getrennt werden und andere Lasten weiter betrieben werden.As an alternative to definite shutdown of the electrical system by a circuit breaker, the device according to the invention can also be configured so that in the switching or distribution system, a load shedding control is present, which is also activated by the detection device (for the fault current). Such a supplement allows a kind of emergency power operation in the amount of reduced operating current, if on the consumer side, the applied electric power is reduced by the load shedding. The load shedding control can be set up so that after a given priority certain consumers are disconnected from the grid and other loads continue to operate.
Nach einem Fehlerfall ist die Trennervorrichtung auszuwechseln. Hierzu ist die erfindungs- gemäße Vorrichtung so eingerichtet, dass sie vor und hinter einem Ort der Auftrennung an Verbindungsstellen mit den Stromschienen verfügt, wo über Schraubbolzen die Trennervorrichtung beidseitig mit einem Schienenteilstück verbindbar ist.After a fault, the disconnecting device must be replaced. For this purpose, the device according to the invention is set up in such a way that it has connecting points with the busbars in front of and behind a location where the disconnecting device can be connected on both sides to a rail section via bolts.
Mehr als eine Schneidladung am vorgesehenen Ort der Auftrennung der Stromschiene kön- nen angeordnet sein, wenn eine besonders breite und damit sichere Trennstrecke erzeugt werden soll. Damit wird vermieden, dass in einer zu schmalen Trennstrecke ein Schaltlichtbogen entsteht und somit die Wirkung der Trennvorrichtung mindert.More than one cutting charge at the intended location of the separation of the conductor rail can be arranged, if a particularly wide and therefore safe separation distance is to be generated. This avoids that a switching arc occurs in a too narrow separation distance and thus reduces the effect of the separator.
Da beim Einsatz einer pyrotechnischen Schneidladung Metallbestandteile der Stromschiene abgelöst werden und Abgase aus der pyrotechnischen Einrichtung auftreten, sollten Maßnahmen getroffen werden; die der Abschirmung dienen - insbesondere zur Vermeidung von Personenschäden. Danach wird vorgeschlagen, dass die Vorrichtung als Baueinheit mit Gehäuse ausgebildet ist, welche eine feuerfeste Auskleidung und mindestens eine Austrittsöffnung für einen Abgasstrom aufweist. Die Auskleidung kann beispielsweise aus Platten aus glasfaserverstärktem Kunststoff bestehen.Since the use of a pyrotechnic cutting charge metal components of the busbar are replaced and exhaust gases from the pyrotechnic device occur, measures should be taken ; which serve the shielding - in particular to avoid personal injury. Thereafter, it is proposed that the device is designed as a structural unit with housing, which has a refractory lining and at least one outlet opening for an exhaust gas stream. The lining may for example consist of plates made of glass fiber reinforced plastic.
Die Erfindung ist in einer Figuren dargestellt; wobei die Figur im Einzelnen zeigt:The invention is shown in a figure; the figure shows in detail:
Fig. 1 Aufbau einer Vorrichtung mit zwei Schneidladungen und einem Flüssigmetall- Strombegrenzer. Die einzige Figur zeigt in schematischer Weise den Aufbau einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung. Es wird eine als Stromschiene ausgeführte Leistungsstrombahn 10 angedeutet, auf der ein Leitungstrenner 20 angebracht ist. Im Lauf der Stromschiene ist ein Schienenteilstück 16 ausgebildet, welches über Verschraubungen aus der Leistungsstrombahn 10 herauslös- bar ist. Anfang und Ende des Schienenteilstücks 16 haben jeweils Verbindungsstellen 18, an denen über Schraubbolzen das Schienenteilstück 16 mit den Stromschienen verbindbar ist. Die Verbindungsstellen sollten so ausgestaltet sein, dass der Zugang und das Herauslösen am besten von der Unterseite der Vorrichtung möglich ist.Fig. 1 Structure of a device with two cutting charges and a liquid metal current limiter. The single figure shows schematically the structure of a device according to the invention. It is indicated a designed as a power rail power flow path 10, on which a line separator 20 is mounted. In the course of the busbar, a rail section 16 is formed, which is herauslös- bar via fittings from the power flow path 10 bar. Beginning and end of the rail section 16 each have connection points 18, where the rail section 16 is connected to the busbars via bolts. The joints should be designed so that access and extraction is best possible from the bottom of the device.
Einzelheiten der Detektion eines Störlichtbogens oder der Auslösung (Zündung) der pyro- technischen Schneidladungen sind nicht dargestellt. Die Vorrichtung soll in einem Gehäuse 60 untergebracht sein, welches hier schematische dargestellt ist. In Parallelschaltung zur Trennvorrichtung 20 ist ein Strombegrenzer 30 vorhanden, der vorzugsweise außerhalb des angesprochenen Gehäuses 60 angebracht ist.Details of the detection of a fault arc or the triggering (ignition) of the pyrotechnic cutting charges are not shown. The device should be housed in a housing 60, which is shown schematically here. In parallel to the separation device 20, a current limiter 30 is provided, which is preferably mounted outside of the addressed housing 60.
Die Figur zeigt eine einphasige Anordnung. Die Vorrichtung kann auch dreiphasig ausgebildet sein, so dass pro Phase eine Stromschiene 10 vorhanden ist und jede Stromschiene mit einer Trennvorrichtung 20 versehen ist.The figure shows a single-phase arrangement. The device may also be formed in three phases, so that a bus bar 10 is present per phase and each bus bar is provided with a separator 20.
Der Strom durch die Stromschiene ist mit h bezeichnet. Der Strom I2 im Parallelstrompfad hat für den Normalbetrieb der Schaltanlage keine Bedeutung. Nach der Auftrennung der Stromschiene fließt kurzzeitig der volle Betriebsstrom I1 durch den Strombegrenzer, der daraufhin den Strom auf einen vorbestimmbaren Wert oder unter einen vorbestimmbaren Wert b vermindert.The current through the busbar is designated h. The current I 2 in the parallel current path has no significance for the normal operation of the switchgear. After the separation of the busbar, the full operating current I 1 briefly flows through the current limiter, which then reduces the current to a predeterminable value or below a predeterminable value b.
Im Falle eines detektierten Störlichtbogens wird die Trennvorrichtung ausgelöst, wobei das Schienenteilstück 16 an mindestens einer Stelle 24 zerschnitten wird. Damit wird eine Trennstrecke hergestellt. Um eine hinreichende Länge der Trennstrecke zu erzeugen, können mehrere Schneidladungen 22 nebeneinander auf dem Schienenteilstück 16 angebracht werden und somit mehrere Trennstellen 24 erzeugt werden, oder dass insgesamt die Länge der Trennstelle ausreichend groß gemacht wird. Das Schienenteilstück wird auf der der Schneidladung abgewandten Seite von Gegenlagern 26, 26' abgestützt. In jedem Fall sollte das Schienenteilstück auf beiden Seiten der vorgedachten Trennstelle 24 abgestützt sein. Im Einzelfall ist zu prüfen, ob auch mittig zwischen zwei möglichen Trennstellen eine Mittenab- Stützung 26' notwendig ist oder nicht. In der Figur ist angedeutet, dass zwei pyrotechnische Schneidladungen 22 nebeneinander auf dem Schienenteilstück 16 angebracht sind. Eine Schneidladung wird quer in voller Breite des Schienenteilstücks 16 auf dem Schienenteilstück 16 angeordnet.In the case of a detected fault arc, the separating device is triggered, wherein the rail section 16 is cut at at least one point 24. This creates a separation line. In order to produce a sufficient length of the separation distance, a plurality of cutting charges 22 can be mounted side by side on the rail section 16 and thus several separation points 24 are generated, or that the total length of the separation point is made sufficiently large. The rail section is supported on the side facing away from the cutting charge by abutments 26, 26 '. In any case, the rail section should be supported on both sides of the intended separation point 24. In individual cases, it must be checked whether a center support 26 'is necessary or not in the middle between two possible separation points. In the figure, it is indicated that two pyrotechnic cutting charges 22 are mounted side by side on the rail section 16. A cutting load is placed across the full width of the rail section 16 on the rail section 16.
Die Lage und Zahl der Schneidladungen bestimmen Ort und Zahl der Trennstellen 24. Die mögliche Trennstelle in dem Schienenteilstück muss mechanisch nicht besonders ausgestaltet sein. Es kann aber durchaus sinnvoll sein - ohne Verringerung des Leitungsquerschnitts des Schienenteilstücks - Perforationen (beispielsweise Bohrungen) am Ort einer möglichen Trennstelle vorzusehen, so dass dort eine Art Sollbruchstelle für die pyrotechnische Spren- gung vorgeprägt ist. Kommerziell angebotene Schneidladungen (z.B. unter dem Markennamen Dynawell) sind Elemente, die sich mechanisch verformen lassen. Daher ist es möglich, eine längere Schneidladung als Wendel (mäanderförmig) auf dem Schienenteilstück anzuordnen. Damit kann auf dem Schienenteilstück eine größere Breite abgedeckt werden, als es mit einer relativ kurzen Schneidladung allein möglich ist.The location and number of the cutting charges determine location and number of separation points 24. The possible separation point in the rail section does not need to be mechanically designed particularly. However, it may well be useful - without reducing the line cross section of the rail section - to provide perforations (for example bores) at the location of a possible separation point, so that a type of predetermined breaking point for the pyrotechnic sprinkling is pre-stamped there. Commercially available cutting loads (e.g., under the trademark Dynawell) are elements that can be mechanically deformed. Therefore, it is possible to arrange a longer cutting load than helix (meandering) on the rail section. This can be covered on the rail section a greater width than is possible with a relatively short cutting load alone.
Der erfindungsgemäße Aufbau nach der Figur besteht aus zwei pyrotechnischen Schneidladungen 22 und einem Flüssigmetall-Strombegrenzer 30, in dem mehrere Verdichterräume 32 und die Flüssigkeitsmetall-Oberfläche angedeutet sind. In der Figur sind im Gehäuse 60 zwei Austrittsöffnungen 62 für einen Abgasstrom 64 dargestellt. Der Strombegrenzer 30 ist mit nicht dargestellten Verbindungselementen über eigene Stromschienen 12 an den die Leistungsstrombahn bildenden Stromschienen 10 befestigt. The structure according to the invention according to the figure consists of two pyrotechnic cutting charges 22 and a liquid metal current limiter 30, in which a plurality of compressor chambers 32 and the liquid metal surface are indicated. In the figure, two outlet openings 62 for an exhaust gas stream 64 are shown in the housing 60. The current limiter 30 is fastened by means of its own busbars 12 to the busbars 10 which form the power circuit, with connecting elements, not shown.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Vorrichtung zur Begrenzung eines Betriebsstroms für einen Fehlerfall in einer elektrischen Schalt- oder Verteileranlage der Niederspannung, insbesondere zum Unterdrücken eines Störlichtbogens, wobei die Vorrichtung umfasst:1. A device for limiting an operating current for a fault in a low-voltage electrical switching or distribution system, in particular for suppressing a fault arc, the device comprising:
• eine Detektionseinrichtung zur Erfassung des Fehlerfalls, insbesondere eines Störlichtbogens,A detection device for detecting the fault, in particular an arc fault,
• einen einphasigen Leitungstrenner (20) in mindestens einer Leistungsstrombahn (10), • einen von der Detektionseinrichtung aktivierbaren Strom begrenzer (30) für einen in der Leistungsstrombahn (10) geführten Betriebsstrom, wobei der Strombegrenzer (30) in paralleler Schaltungslage zum Leitungstrenner (20) angeordnet ist, und nach Leitungstrennung in der Lage ist, einen verminderten Betriebsstrom zu führen,• a single-phase line disconnector (20) in at least one power current path (10), • a current limiter (30) activatable by the detection device for an operating current conducted in the power current path (10), the current limiter (30) being connected in parallel to the line disconnector (20 ) and after line disconnection is able to carry a reduced operating current,
• wobei der Leitungstrenner (20) eine Schaltzeit für das Auftrennen der Leistungs- strombahn (10) von kürzer als 5 ms aufweist, und• wherein the line separator (20) has a switching time for the separation of the power current path (10) of less than 5 ms, and
• die Verminderung des Betriebsstroms durch den Strom begrenzer (30) derart einstellbar ist, dass eine vorbestimmbare Fehlerstrom-Stromstärke unterschritten wird.• The reduction of the operating current through the current limiter (30) is adjustable so that a predeterminable residual current is exceeded.
2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verminderung des Be- triebsstroms durch den Strom begrenzer (30) auf eine Stromstärke einstellbar ist, bei der ein2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the reduction of the operating current through the current limiter (30) is adjustable to a current intensity at which a
Störlichtbogen erlischt.Arc flashes off.
3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Leitungstrenner als Schneidvorrichtung (22) ausgestaltet ist, die die Leistungsstrombahn (10) mechanisch auftrennt.3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the line separator is designed as a cutting device (22) which separates the power flow path (10) mechanically.
4. Vorrichtung nach dem vorhergehenden Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass am Ort (12) einer möglichen Auftrennung in der als Stromschiene (16) ausgebildeten Leistungsstrombahn ohne Verringerung des Leitungsquerschnitts der Stromschiene (16) Perforationen als Sollbruchstellen vorhanden sind.4. Device according to the preceding claim, characterized in that at the location (12) of a possible separation in the power rail (16) formed power flow path without reducing the line cross-section of the busbar (16) perforations are provided as predetermined breaking points.
5. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Leitungstrenner aus einer pyrotechnisch angetriebenen Schneidladung (22) besteht.5. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the line separator consists of a pyrotechnically driven cutting charge (22).
6. Vorrichtung nach dem vorhergehenden Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die py- rotechnische Schneidladung (22) quer zur Stromschiene (16) und auf der vollen Breite der Stromschiene (16) angeordnet ist. 6. Device according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the pyrotechnic cutting charge (22) is arranged transversely to the busbar (16) and on the full width of the busbar (16).
7. Vorrichtung nach den vorhergehenden Ansprüchen 5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwei pyrotechnische Schneidladungen (22) am vorgesehenen Ort (24) der Auftrennung der Stromschiene (16) angeordnet sind.7. Device according to the preceding claims 5 or 6, characterized in that two pyrotechnic cutting charges (22) at the intended location (24) of the separation of the busbar (16) are arranged.
8. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Stromschiene (16) vor und hinter einem Ort (24) der Auftrennung als mit Verbindungsmitteln einsetzbares, aus der Stromschiene herauslösbares Stromschienenteilstück ausgebildet ist.8. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the busbar (16) is formed in front of and behind a location (24) of the separation as usable with connecting means, herauslösbares from the busbar busbar section.
9. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Strombegrenzer (30) ein Flüssigmetall-Strombegrenzer (32) ist.9. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the current limiter (30) is a liquid metal current limiter (32).
10. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, der Strom- begrenzer ein Kaltleiter ist.10. Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the current limiter is a PTC thermistor.
11. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vorrichtung in einem druck- und sprengfesten Gehäuse (60) untergebracht ist, welches eine feuerfeste Auskleidung und mindestens eine Austrittsöffnung (62) für einen Abgasstrom (64) aufweist.11. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device is housed in a pressure and explosion-proof housing (60) having a refractory lining and at least one outlet opening (62) for an exhaust gas stream (64).
12. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in der Schalt- oder Verteileranlage eine Lastabwurfsteuerung vorhanden ist, die von der De- tektionseinrichtung aktivierbar ist. 12. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the switching or distribution system, a load shedding control is present, which can be activated by the detection device.
EP06806134A 2005-10-19 2006-10-10 Current limiting device Active EP1938351B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102005050044A DE102005050044A1 (en) 2005-10-19 2005-10-19 Device for current limitation
PCT/EP2006/009757 WO2007045374A1 (en) 2005-10-19 2006-10-10 Current limiting device

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EP1938351A1 true EP1938351A1 (en) 2008-07-02
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EP1938351B1 (en) 2010-06-09
DE102005050044A1 (en) 2007-05-03

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