EP1937554A1 - System for deicing and/or defogging an aircraft surface, method for controlling same, and aircraft equipped with same - Google Patents

System for deicing and/or defogging an aircraft surface, method for controlling same, and aircraft equipped with same

Info

Publication number
EP1937554A1
EP1937554A1 EP06808175A EP06808175A EP1937554A1 EP 1937554 A1 EP1937554 A1 EP 1937554A1 EP 06808175 A EP06808175 A EP 06808175A EP 06808175 A EP06808175 A EP 06808175A EP 1937554 A1 EP1937554 A1 EP 1937554A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
aircraft
cmd
switch
control information
computer network
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP06808175A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Joseph Leon
Jean-Yves Vilain
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Airbus Operations SAS
Original Assignee
Airbus Operations SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Airbus Operations SAS filed Critical Airbus Operations SAS
Publication of EP1937554A1 publication Critical patent/EP1937554A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENTS OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D15/00—De-icing or preventing icing on exterior surfaces of aircraft
    • B64D15/12—De-icing or preventing icing on exterior surfaces of aircraft by electric heating

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a system for deicing and / or defogging a surface of an aircraft, such as, for example, a window of the cockpit of an airplane, and a method for controlling such a system. .
  • the invention also relates to an aircraft equipped with such a system.
  • the deicing and defogging of the surfaces of an aircraft are generally carried out by means of heating elements, such as, for example, resistors.
  • the heating elements are electrically powered by a dedicated system, sometimes referred to as a heating calculator (or WHC of the English “Window Heat Computer”), which includes, in addition to a control logic of the operation, a switch switched to transmit to the heating elements electrical energy corresponding to the magnitude of the desired heating.
  • the dedicated system is fed continuously by the electric core of the aircraft but delivers electrical energy to the heating elements in a variable quantity, determined as a function of the temperature measured by sensors located in the level of the surface to defrost.
  • the dedicated system also performs functions of monitoring the current it delivers to the heating elements and the correct operation of the sensors.
  • the conventional solution provides that the various elements of the dedicated system are located within the same assembly, generally close to the cabin, which can be detrimental in terms of size and weight and further implies that this set includes all the circuits necessary for its operation (in particular a power switch and a logic circuit including a calculator).
  • the invention proposes a system for deicing and / or demisting a surface of an aircraft, characterized by:
  • a temperature sensor located close to said surface and capable of generating temperature information; a computer capable of generating control information from the temperature information and transmitting the control information on a computer network of the aircraft;
  • a power supply system adapted to receive the control information on the computer network and comprising a switch adapted to be switched according to the control information;
  • a heating element located close to said surface and powered electrically through said switch.
  • Switching of the switch is thus offset in the power supply system, that is to say generally at the electric core of the aircraft, which makes it possible to dispense with the switch switch usually located in the cabin.
  • near the surface on the surface or at a distance therefrom allowing physical interaction with it.
  • the power supply system comprises for example a microprocessor connected to the computer network.
  • the microprocessor can thus receive the control information and control the switching of the switch according to the control information.
  • the microprocessor can control switching of the switch by means of a signal whose duty cycle depends on the control information.
  • the computer receives the temperature information from the sensor through an analog link.
  • the computer network is an Ethernet-type avionics network.
  • the computer is included in a heating management module connected to the computer network.
  • the heating management module may then include sensor monitoring means capable of emitting an alarm on the computer network in the event of malfunction of the sensor.
  • This module which can be located in one place Any of the aircraft (for example the avionics bay, thus manages the control logic of the system in place of the dedicated system conventionally used.
  • the power supply system may comprise means for measuring the intensity through the switch able to control the opening of the switch and / or to generate an alarm on the computer network in case of overrun. a threshold. The functions of circuit breaker and monitoring of the correct operation are thus integrated into the power system.
  • An alarm management system connected to the computer network can then in both cases cause the display of a signal on a display device of the cabin in case of reception of said alarm.
  • Said surface is for example a window of a cockpit of the aircraft.
  • the invention also proposes a method for controlling a system for deicing and / or demisting a surface of an aircraft, characterized by the following steps:
  • a switch through which is supplied electrically a heating element located close to said surface.
  • the switch is generally part of the power supply system and is thus located at the electrical core of the aircraft.
  • the method may comprise beforehand a step of transmission by the sensor of the temperature information through the analog link.
  • the method may also include a step of receiving by said microprocessor control information.
  • FIG. 1 shows the main elements of a deicing system according to the teachings of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates in the form of a logic diagram the operation of the system of FIG. 1 in normal mode.
  • FIG 1 there is shown schematically the cockpit 2 of an aircraft having a plurality of windows 4 through which the crew can observe the outside of the aircraft.
  • Each of these panes is associated with heating elements 6 (only one of which is shown in FIG. 1 for the sake of simplification). When they are activated (that is to say electrically powered), the heating elements 6 allow defrosting of the windows 4 (and therefore in general their defogging).
  • the heating elements 6 are for example made in practice by resistive circuits which run through the window 4 at its surface; these circuits, resistive can for example be interposed between different glass layers of the glass.
  • the electric circuits are also represented in FIG. 1 by a single wire although a path of the current return also exists in practice (for example by means of masses).
  • the heating element 6 is supplied by a voltage source 10 through a power switch 8 which makes it possible to regulate the electrical power transmitted to the heating element 6 as described below.
  • the voltage source 10 is for example formed by the combination of an inverter and a rectifier. This is the AC voltage (generally 115 VAC or 200 VAC) from the electrical generating means of the aircraft.
  • the power switch 8 comprises an electrically controlled switch 12 and a microprocessor 14 which has a PWM output for the control of the switch 12. The value of the signal present on the PWM output controls the closing and opening of the switch 12.
  • the switch 12 is interposed between the voltage source 10 and the heating element 6.
  • the microprocessor 14 also comprises a bome15 for measuring the current I which passes through the switch 12.
  • the microprocessor 14 is linked through a bus to other electronic entities described below by means of a computer network 18 (commonly called a network avionics, with an operation for example of the type "Ethernet 1 , such as an AFDX network described for example in the patent application FR 2,832,011.)
  • the power switch 8 and the voltage source 10, which form a control system. power supply for the heating element 6, are preferably located at the electric core of the aircraft.
  • FIG. 1 shows those participating in the deicing system according to the invention. , namely a window heating management module 20 and an alarm management module 22.
  • the window heating management module 20 can communicate with the microprocessor 14 of the power switch 8 and with the alarm management module 22 by means of the computer network 18.
  • the window heating management module 20 also receives, in analog form, a temperature information TPT from a sensor 5 situated at the level of the window pane 4 (generally in the pane 4) which carries the heating element 6.
  • the window heating management module 20 implements the following functions, as described in detail below:
  • control of the regulation of the heating element 6 as a function, in particular, of the measured temperature that is to say in practice the determination control information for the power switching circuit 8, based in particular on the temperature information TPT received from the sensor 5;
  • control information may optionally use other parameters, such as for example the speed of the aircraft or the control mode (manual or automatic) of the power, and that of as much easier than the module 20 is located on the avionics network i ⁇ .
  • the alarm management system 22 can, as already mentioned, communicate with the other functional modules (in particular the glass heating management module 20) and the power switch 8 by means of the computer network 18.
  • the alarm management module 22 can also to order necessary actions in case of reception of an alarm signal from one of the other entities. It may for example cause the display of a symbol representative of the concerned alarm on a display device 24 located in the cabin 2.
  • the functional modules 20, 22 may be located at any location of the apparatus because they interact with the other elements by means of the network 18.
  • the functional modules 20, 22 are preferably grouped together in a dedicated location of the device. aircraft generally referred to as avionics bay.
  • the window heat management module 20 receives the temperature information TPT from the sensor 5 (step E102) and determines, based on this information in particular, a CMD command to the power switch 8 (step E104).
  • the control information CMD is for example obtained as a function of the temperature information TPT and a temperature setpoint (stored for example in the module 20 and optionally adjustable) by means of correspondence tables stored in the module 20.
  • the control information CMD for example represents the proportion of the nominal power of the heating element that must be released in order to approach the temperature setpoint. Alternatively, it could be the duty cycle with which the switch must be alternately open and closed.
  • the CMD control information is transmitted by the glass heating management module 20 on the computer network 18 (step E106), in the form of a digital data item.
  • the control information CMD can thus be received by the microprocessor 14 of the power switch 8 (step E108).
  • the microprocessor 14 determines the duty cycle of the PWM control signal to be emitted on the control terminal of the switch 12 (step E110) in order to obtain at the level of the heating element 6 the release of the desired heating power (i.e., conforming with the CMD control information).
  • the cooperation of the various elements that have just been mentioned thus makes it possible to obtain a temperature regulation at the level of the window 4 and consequently the defrosting (as well as the defogging) thereof.
  • the microprocessor 14 comprises a terminal 15 which allows the monitoring of the current I which passes through the switch 12.
  • the microprocessor 14 determines that the current I is too important (for example because of a malfunction of the switch 12 or an overvoltage at the voltage source 10), it controls the opening of the switch 12.
  • the power switch 8 also performs the function of a circuit breaker.
  • the microprocessor 14 can furthermore emit a corresponding alarm signal to the alarm management module 22, the anomaly thus being able to be signaled to the crew on the display device 24.
  • the glass heating management system 20 receives not only TPT temperature information but also determines a correct operation information by monitoring the sensor 5. In case of detection of a malfunction of the sensor 5 by the window heating management module 20, the latter emits a corresponding alarm signal on the computer network 18 and to the alarm management system 22. It can thus warn the crew of the failure of the sensor 5 by the display of a dedicated symbol on the display device 24.
  • the glass heating management module 20 can also give the control information CMD a value which ensures safe operation irrespective of the actual (and by no means determined) temperature on the window 4, ie for example CMD control information in trailing a lack of heating, or alternatively representing heating to a power of the heating element 6 determined according to other parameters available within the aircraft.

Abstract

The invention concerns a system for deicing and/or defogging an aircraft surface (4) comprising: a temperature sensor (5) located proximate said surface (4) and adapted to generate a temperature information (TPT); a computer (20) adapted to generate a control information (CMD) based on the temperature information (TPT) and to transmit the control information (CMD) over a computer network (18) of the aircraft; an electric power supply system (8) located in the electrical center of the aircraft (18) and comprising a switch (12) adapted to be switched based on the control information (CMD); a heating element (6) located proximate said surface (4) and electrically powered via said switch (12). The invention also concerns a method for controlling such a system.

Description

Système de dégiyrage et/ou de désembuage d'une surface d'un aéronef, procédé de commande d'un tel système, et aéronef équipé d'un tel système System for de-raking and / or demisting of an aircraft surface, control method for such a system, and aircraft equipped with such a system
L'invention concerne un système de dégivrage et/ou de désembuage d'une surface d'un aéronef, tel que par exemple une vitre de la cabine de pilotage d'un avion, ainsi qu'un procédé de commande d'un tel système. L'invention concerne également un aéronef équipé d'un tel système.The invention relates to a system for deicing and / or defogging a surface of an aircraft, such as, for example, a window of the cockpit of an airplane, and a method for controlling such a system. . The invention also relates to an aircraft equipped with such a system.
Le dégivrage et le désembuage des surfaces d'un aéronef sont en général réalisés aux moyens d'éléments de chauffage, tels que par exemple des résistances. Dans les solutions actuelles, les éléments de chauffage sont alimentés électriquement par un système dédié, parfois dénommé calculateur de chauffage (ou WHC de l'anglais « Window Heat Computer»), qui comprend, en plus d'une logique de commande du fonctionnement, un interrupteur commuté de façon à transmettre aux éléments chauffants une énergie électrique correspondant à l'ampleur du chauffage désiré.The deicing and defogging of the surfaces of an aircraft are generally carried out by means of heating elements, such as, for example, resistors. In current solutions, the heating elements are electrically powered by a dedicated system, sometimes referred to as a heating calculator (or WHC of the English "Window Heat Computer"), which includes, in addition to a control logic of the operation, a switch switched to transmit to the heating elements electrical energy corresponding to the magnitude of the desired heating.
Ainsi, selon cette conception, le système dédié est alimenté de manière continue par le cœur électrique de l'aéronef mais délivre de l'énergie électrique aux éléments de chauffage dans une quantité variable, déterminée en fonction de la température mesurée par des capteurs situés au niveau de la surface à dégivrer. Le système dédié réalise en outre des fonctions de surveillance du courant qu'il délivre aux éléments chauffants et du fonctionnement correct des capteurs.Thus, according to this design, the dedicated system is fed continuously by the electric core of the aircraft but delivers electrical energy to the heating elements in a variable quantity, determined as a function of the temperature measured by sensors located in the level of the surface to defrost. The dedicated system also performs functions of monitoring the current it delivers to the heating elements and the correct operation of the sensors.
La solution classique prévoit que les différents éléments du système dédié sont situés au sein d'un même ensemble, en général à proximité de la cabine, ce qui peut s'avérer pénalisant en termes d'encombrement et de poids et implique en outre que cet ensemble comporte tous les circuits nécessaires à son fonctionnement (notamment un interrupteur de puissance et un circuit logique incluant un calculateur).The conventional solution provides that the various elements of the dedicated system are located within the same assembly, generally close to the cabin, which can be detrimental in terms of size and weight and further implies that this set includes all the circuits necessary for its operation (in particular a power switch and a logic circuit including a calculator).
Afin d'éviter ces problèmes et d'optimiser la conception du système de dégivrage et/ou de désembuage pour profiter ainsi de fonctionnalités existantes dans d'autres systèmes de l'aéronef, l'invention propose un système de dégivrage et/ou de désembuage d'une surface d'un aéronef, caractérisé par :To avoid these problems and optimize the design of the defrosting and / or demisting system to take advantage of existing features in other systems of the aircraft, the invention proposes a system for deicing and / or demisting a surface of an aircraft, characterized by:
- un capteur de température situé à proximité de ladite surface et apte à générer une information de température ; - un calculateur apte à générer une information de commande à partir de l'information de température et à émettre l'information de commande sur un réseau informatique de l'aéronef ;a temperature sensor located close to said surface and capable of generating temperature information; a computer capable of generating control information from the temperature information and transmitting the control information on a computer network of the aircraft;
- un système d'alimentation électrique apte à recevoir l'information de commande sur le réseau informatique et comprenant un interrupteur apte à être commuté en fonction de l'information de commande ;- A power supply system adapted to receive the control information on the computer network and comprising a switch adapted to be switched according to the control information;
- un élément chauffant situé à proximité de ladite surface et alimenté électriquement à travers ledit interrupteur.a heating element located close to said surface and powered electrically through said switch.
La commutation de l'interrupteur est ainsi déportée dans le système d'alimentation électrique, c'est-à-dire en général au niveau du cœur électrique de l'avion, ce qui permet de se passer de l'interrupteur commuté situé habituellement dans la cabine.Switching of the switch is thus offset in the power supply system, that is to say generally at the electric core of the aircraft, which makes it possible to dispense with the switch switch usually located in the cabin.
On entend ici par "à proximité de la surface" : sur la surface ou à une distance de celle-ci permettant une interaction physique avec elle.Here is meant by "near the surface": on the surface or at a distance therefrom allowing physical interaction with it.
Le système d'alimentation électrique comprend par exemple un microprocesseur connecté au réseau informatique. Le microprocesseur peut ainsi recevoir l'information de commande et commander la commutation de l'interrupteur en fonction de l'information de commande. En pratique, le microprocesseur peut commander la commutation de l'interrupteur au moyen d'un signal dont le rapport cyclique dépend de l'information de commande. Selon un mode de réalisation, le calculateur reçoit l'information de température du capteur à travers une liaison analogique.The power supply system comprises for example a microprocessor connected to the computer network. The microprocessor can thus receive the control information and control the switching of the switch according to the control information. In practice, the microprocessor can control switching of the switch by means of a signal whose duty cycle depends on the control information. According to one embodiment, the computer receives the temperature information from the sensor through an analog link.
Le réseau informatique est par exemple quant à lui un réseau avionique de type Ethernet.For example, the computer network is an Ethernet-type avionics network.
Selon une possibilité de mise en œuvre, le calculateur est inclus dans un module de gestion du chauffage connecté au réseau informatique. Le module de gestion du chauffage peut alors comprendre des moyens de surveillance du capteur aptes à émettre une alarme sur le réseau informatique en cas de dysfonctionnement du capteur. Ce module, qui peut être situé en un lieu quelconque de l'avion (par exemple la baie avionique, gère ainsi la logique de commande du système en lieu et place du système dédié utilisé classiquement.According to one implementation possibility, the computer is included in a heating management module connected to the computer network. The heating management module may then include sensor monitoring means capable of emitting an alarm on the computer network in the event of malfunction of the sensor. This module, which can be located in one place Any of the aircraft (for example the avionics bay, thus manages the control logic of the system in place of the dedicated system conventionally used.
Par ailleurs, le système d'alimentation électrique peut comprendre des moyens de mesure de l'intensité traversant l'interrupteur aptes à commander l'ouverture de l'interrupteur et/ou à générer une alarme sur le réseau informatique en cas de dépassement d'un seuil. Les fonctions de disjoncteur et de surveillance du fonctionnement correct sont ainsi intégrées dans le système d'alimentation.Furthermore, the power supply system may comprise means for measuring the intensity through the switch able to control the opening of the switch and / or to generate an alarm on the computer network in case of overrun. a threshold. The functions of circuit breaker and monitoring of the correct operation are thus integrated into the power system.
Un système de gestion des alarmes connecté au réseau informatique peut alors dans ces deux cas provoquer l'affichage d'un signal sur un dispositif d'affichage de la cabine en cas de réception de ladite alarme.An alarm management system connected to the computer network can then in both cases cause the display of a signal on a display device of the cabin in case of reception of said alarm.
Ladite surface est par exemple une vitre d'une cabine de pilotage de l'aéronef.Said surface is for example a window of a cockpit of the aircraft.
L'invention propose également un procédé de commande d'un système de dégivrage et/ou de désembuage d'une surface d'un aéronef, caractérisé par les étapes suivantes :The invention also proposes a method for controlling a system for deicing and / or demisting a surface of an aircraft, characterized by the following steps:
- détermination d'une information de commande sur la base d'une information de température reçue d'un capteur de température situé à proximité de ladite surface ; - émission de l'information de commande sur un réseau informatique de l'aéronef ;determining a control information on the basis of temperature information received from a temperature sensor located near said surface; - issuing control information on a computer network of the aircraft;
- réception de l'information de commande par un système d'alimentation électrique ;- receipt of control information by a power supply system;
- commutation, en fonction de l'information de commande, d'un interrupteur à travers lequel est alimenté électriquement un élément de chauffage situé à proximité de ladite surface.- switching, according to the control information, a switch through which is supplied electrically a heating element located close to said surface.
L'interrupteur fait en général partie du système d'alimentation électrique et est ainsi situé au niveau du cœur électrique de l'aéronef.The switch is generally part of the power supply system and is thus located at the electrical core of the aircraft.
Le procédé peut comprendre au préalable une étape d'émission par le capteur de l'information de température à travers la liaison analogique.The method may comprise beforehand a step of transmission by the sensor of the temperature information through the analog link.
Lorsque ladite commutation est commandée par un microprocesseur du système d'alimentation électrique, le procédé peut également comprendre une étape de réception par ledit microprocesseur de l'information de commande. Un aéronef mettant en œuvre ces inventions est également visé. D'autres caractéristiques de l'invention ressortiront à la lumière de la description qui suit, faite en référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :When said switching is controlled by a microprocessor of the power supply system, the method may also include a step of receiving by said microprocessor control information. An aircraft implementing these inventions is also targeted. Other characteristics of the invention will emerge in the light of the description which follows, made with reference to the appended drawings in which:
- la figure 1 représente les éléments principaux d'un système de dégivrage conforme aux enseignements de l'invention.- Figure 1 shows the main elements of a deicing system according to the teachings of the invention.
- la figure 2 illustre sous forme d'un logigramme le fonctionnement du système de la figure 1 en régime normal.FIG. 2 illustrates in the form of a logic diagram the operation of the system of FIG. 1 in normal mode.
Sur la figure 1 , on a représenté schématiquement la cabine de pilotage 2 d'un avion qui présente une pluralité de vitres 4 à travers lesquelles l'équipage peut observer l'extérieur de l'appareil.In Figure 1, there is shown schematically the cockpit 2 of an aircraft having a plurality of windows 4 through which the crew can observe the outside of the aircraft.
A chacune de ces vitres sont associés des éléments chauffants 6 (dont un seul est représenté sur la figure 1 par mesure de simplification). Lorsqu'ils sont activés (c'est-à-dire alimentés électriquement), les éléments chauffants 6 permettent le dégivrage des vitres 4 (et dès lors en général leur désembuage). Les éléments chauffants 6 sont par exemple réalisés en pratique par des circuits résistifs qui parcourent la vitre 4 au niveau de sa surface ; ces circuits, résistifs peuvent par exemple être interposés entre différentes couches de verre de la vitre.Each of these panes is associated with heating elements 6 (only one of which is shown in FIG. 1 for the sake of simplification). When they are activated (that is to say electrically powered), the heating elements 6 allow defrosting of the windows 4 (and therefore in general their defogging). The heating elements 6 are for example made in practice by resistive circuits which run through the window 4 at its surface; these circuits, resistive can for example be interposed between different glass layers of the glass.
Dans la suite, on décrit le fonctionnement d'un seul élément chauffant 6, le fonctionnement des autres éléments chauffants en découlant par analogie.In the following, we describe the operation of a single heating element 6, the operation of the other heating elements deriving therefrom by analogy.
Les circuits électriques sont par ailleurs représentés en figure 1 par un seul fil bien qu'un chemin du retour du courant existe en outre en pratique (par exemple au moyen de masses).The electric circuits are also represented in FIG. 1 by a single wire although a path of the current return also exists in practice (for example by means of masses).
L'élément chauffant 6 est alimenté par une source de tension 10 à travers un commutateur de puissance 8 qui permet de réguler la puissance électrique transmise à l'élément chauffant 6 comme décrit ci-après.The heating element 6 is supplied by a voltage source 10 through a power switch 8 which makes it possible to regulate the electrical power transmitted to the heating element 6 as described below.
La source de tension 10 est par exemple formée par l'association d'un onduleur et d'un redresseur. Il s'agit de la tension alternative (en général 115 VAC ou 200 VAC) issue des moyens de génération électrique de l'aéronef. Le commutateur de puissance 8 comprend un interrupteur commandé électriquement 12 et un microprocesseur 14 qui présente une sortie PWM pour la commande de l'interrupteur 12. La valeur du signal présent sur la sortie PWM commande la fermeture et l'ouverture de l'interrupteur 12. L'interrupteur 12 est interposé entre la source de tension 10 et l'élément chauffant 6.The voltage source 10 is for example formed by the combination of an inverter and a rectifier. This is the AC voltage (generally 115 VAC or 200 VAC) from the electrical generating means of the aircraft. The power switch 8 comprises an electrically controlled switch 12 and a microprocessor 14 which has a PWM output for the control of the switch 12. The value of the signal present on the PWM output controls the closing and opening of the switch 12. The switch 12 is interposed between the voltage source 10 and the heating element 6.
Le microprocesseur 14 comprend également une bome15 pour la mesure du courant I qui traverse l'interrupteur 12. Le microprocesseur 14 est lié à travers un bus à d'autres entités électroniques décrites plus loin au moyen d'un réseau informatique 18 (couramment dénommé réseau avionique, avec un fonctionnement par exemple du type "Ethernet1, tel qu'un réseau AFDX décrit par exemple dans la demande de brevet FR 2 832 011). Le commutateur de puissance 8 et la source de tension 10, qui forment un système d'alimentation électrique pour l'élément chauffant 6, sont de préférence situés au niveau du cœur électrique de l'avion.The microprocessor 14 also comprises a bome15 for measuring the current I which passes through the switch 12. The microprocessor 14 is linked through a bus to other electronic entities described below by means of a computer network 18 (commonly called a network avionics, with an operation for example of the type "Ethernet 1 , such as an AFDX network described for example in the patent application FR 2,832,011.) The power switch 8 and the voltage source 10, which form a control system. power supply for the heating element 6, are preferably located at the electric core of the aircraft.
De nombreux modules fonctionnels (parfois dénommés CPIOM de l'anglais « Core Process Input Output Module ») sont connectés au réseau 18. Parmi ces modules fonctionnels, on a représenté à la figure 1 ceux qui participent au système de dégivrage conforme à l'invention, à savoir un module de gestion du chauffage des vitres 20 et un module de gestion des alarmes 22.Many functional modules (sometimes called CPIOMs of the "Core Process Input Output Module") are connected to the network 18. Among these functional modules, FIG. 1 shows those participating in the deicing system according to the invention. , namely a window heating management module 20 and an alarm management module 22.
Le module de gestion du chauffage des vitres 20 peut dialoguer avec le microprocesseur 14 du commutateur de puissance 8 et avec le module de gestion des alarmes 22 au moyen du réseau informatique 18.The window heating management module 20 can communicate with the microprocessor 14 of the power switch 8 and with the alarm management module 22 by means of the computer network 18.
Le module de gestion de chauffage des vitres 20 reçoit par ailleurs sous forme analogique une information de température TPT d'un capteur 5 situé au niveau de la vitre 4 (en général dans la vitre 4) qui porte l'élément chauffant 6.The window heating management module 20 also receives, in analog form, a temperature information TPT from a sensor 5 situated at the level of the window pane 4 (generally in the pane 4) which carries the heating element 6.
(Comme pour l'élément 6, on a représenté par mesure de simplification un seul capteur 5.)(As for the element 6, there is shown by simplification a single sensor 5.)
Le module de gestion du chauffage des vitres 20 met en œuvre les fonctions suivantes, comme décrit en détails plus loin :The window heating management module 20 implements the following functions, as described in detail below:
- la surveillance de l'information de température TPT reçue du capteur 5 (et conjointement de la validité de cette information, c'est-à-dire du bon fonctionnement du capteur 5) ;the monitoring of the TPT temperature information received from the sensor 5 (and together with the validity of this information, that is to say the correct operation of the sensor 5);
- la commande de la régulation de l'élément chauffant 6 en fonction notamment de la température mesurée, c'est-à-dire en pratique la détermination d'une information de commande destinée au circuit de commutation de puissance 8, sur la base notamment de l'information de température TPT reçue du capteur 5 ;the control of the regulation of the heating element 6 as a function, in particular, of the measured temperature, that is to say in practice the determination control information for the power switching circuit 8, based in particular on the temperature information TPT received from the sensor 5;
- l'émission d'une alarme à destination du système de gestion des alarmes 22 en cas de détection d'un problème de fonctionnement, par exemple au niveau du capteur 5.- The transmission of an alarm to the alarm management system 22 in case of detection of an operating problem, for example at the sensor 5.
On notera que l'élaboration de l'information de commande peut éventuellement utiliser au surplus d'autres paramètres, tels que par exemple la vitesse de l'avion ou le mode de commande (manuelle ou automatique) de la puissance, et ce d'autant plus facilement que le module 20 est situé sur le réseau avionique iδ.Note that the development of the control information may optionally use other parameters, such as for example the speed of the aircraft or the control mode (manual or automatic) of the power, and that of as much easier than the module 20 is located on the avionics network iδ.
Le système de gestion des alarmes 22 peut comme déjà mentionné dialoguer avec les autres modules fonctionnels (notamment le module de gestion du chauffage des vitres 20) et le commutateur de puissance 8 au moyen du réseau informatique 18. Le module de gestion des alarmes 22 peut également commander des actions nécessaires en cas de réception d'un signal d'alarme de l'une des autres entités. Il peut par exemple provoquer l'affichage d'un symbole représentatif de l'alarme concernée sur un dispositif d'affichage 24 situé dans la cabine 2.The alarm management system 22 can, as already mentioned, communicate with the other functional modules (in particular the glass heating management module 20) and the power switch 8 by means of the computer network 18. The alarm management module 22 can also to order necessary actions in case of reception of an alarm signal from one of the other entities. It may for example cause the display of a symbol representative of the concerned alarm on a display device 24 located in the cabin 2.
Les modules fonctionnels 20, 22 peuvent être situés à un emplacement quelconque de l'appareil du fait qu'ils interagissent avec les autres éléments au moyen du réseau 18. Les modules fonctionnels 20, 22 sont de préférence regroupés dans un emplacement dédié de l'avion dénommé en général baie avionique.The functional modules 20, 22 may be located at any location of the apparatus because they interact with the other elements by means of the network 18. The functional modules 20, 22 are preferably grouped together in a dedicated location of the device. aircraft generally referred to as avionics bay.
Le fonctionnement du système de dégivrage en régime normal va à présent être décrit en référence à la figure 2.The operation of the defrosting system under normal conditions will now be described with reference to FIG. 2.
Le module de gestion du chauffage des vitres 20 reçoit l'information de température TPT du capteur 5 (étape E102) et détermine, sur la base de cette information notamment, une commande CMD à destination du commutateur de puissance 8 (étape E104). L'information de commande CMD est par exemple obtenue en fonction de l'information de température TPT et d'une consigne de température (mémorisé par exemple dans le module 20 et éventuellement réglable) au moyen de tables de correspondance mémorisées dans le module 20. L'information de commande CMD représente par exemple la proportion de la puissance nominale de l'élément de chauffage qui doit être libérée en vue d'approcher de la consigne de température. En variante, il pourrait s'agir du rapport cyclique avec lequel l'interrupteur doit être alternativement ouvert et fermé. L'information de commande CMD est émise par le module de gestion du chauffage des vitres 20 sur le réseau informatique 18 (étape E106), sous forme d'une donnée numérique.The window heat management module 20 receives the temperature information TPT from the sensor 5 (step E102) and determines, based on this information in particular, a CMD command to the power switch 8 (step E104). The control information CMD is for example obtained as a function of the temperature information TPT and a temperature setpoint (stored for example in the module 20 and optionally adjustable) by means of correspondence tables stored in the module 20. The control information CMD for example represents the proportion of the nominal power of the heating element that must be released in order to approach the temperature setpoint. Alternatively, it could be the duty cycle with which the switch must be alternately open and closed. The CMD control information is transmitted by the glass heating management module 20 on the computer network 18 (step E106), in the form of a digital data item.
L'information de commande CMD peut ainsi être reçue par le microprocesseur 14 du commutateur de puissance 8 (étape E108). Sur la base de l'information de commande CMD, le microprocesseur 14 détermine le rapport cyclique du signal de commande PWM à émettre sur la borne de commande de l'interrupteur 12 (étape E110) afin d'obtenir au niveau de l'élément chauffant 6 la libération de la puissance de chauffage désirée (c'est-à- dire conforme par l'information de commande CMD). En régime normal, la coopération des différents éléments qui viennent d'être mentionnés permet ainsi d'obtenir une régulation de la température au niveau de la vitre 4 et par conséquent le dégivrage (ainsi que le désembuage) de celle-ci.The control information CMD can thus be received by the microprocessor 14 of the power switch 8 (step E108). On the basis of the CMD control information, the microprocessor 14 determines the duty cycle of the PWM control signal to be emitted on the control terminal of the switch 12 (step E110) in order to obtain at the level of the heating element 6 the release of the desired heating power (i.e., conforming with the CMD control information). In normal operation, the cooperation of the various elements that have just been mentioned thus makes it possible to obtain a temperature regulation at the level of the window 4 and consequently the defrosting (as well as the defogging) thereof.
On va à présent décrire plusieurs exemples de sorties du régime normal.Several examples of outputs of the normal diet will now be described.
Comme déjà indiqué, le microprocesseur 14 comprend une borne 15 qui permet la surveillance du courant I qui traverse l'interrupteur 12. Lorsque le microprocesseur 14 détermine que le courant I est trop important (par exemple à cause d'un défaut de fonctionnement de l'interrupteur 12 ou d'une surtension au niveau de la source de tension 10), il commande l'ouverture de l'interrupteur 12. Ainsi, le commutateur de puissance 8 remplit également la fonction d'un disjoncteur.As already indicated, the microprocessor 14 comprises a terminal 15 which allows the monitoring of the current I which passes through the switch 12. When the microprocessor 14 determines that the current I is too important (for example because of a malfunction of the switch 12 or an overvoltage at the voltage source 10), it controls the opening of the switch 12. Thus, the power switch 8 also performs the function of a circuit breaker.
En cas de détection d'une anomalie dans la mesure du courant traversant l'interrupteur 12, le microprocesseur 14 peut en outre émettre un signal d'alarme correspondant à destination du module de gestion des alarmes 22, l'anomalie pouvant ainsi être signalée à l'équipage sur le dispositif d'affichage 24.In case of detection of an anomaly in the measurement of the current passing through the switch 12, the microprocessor 14 can furthermore emit a corresponding alarm signal to the alarm management module 22, the anomaly thus being able to be signaled to the crew on the display device 24.
Un autre type d'alarme dans le système de dégivrage décrit ci-dessus est un dysfonctionnement du capteur 5. Comme déjà mentionné, le système de gestion du chauffage des vitres 20 reçoit non seulement une information de température TPT mais détermine également une information de fonctionnement correct grâce à une surveillance du capteur 5. En cas de détection d'une anomalie de fonctionnement du capteur 5 par le module de gestion de chauffage des vitres 20, ce dernier émet un signal d'alarme correspondant sur le réseau informatique 18 et à destination du système de gestion des alarmes 22. Celui-ci peut ainsi avertir l'équipage de la défaillance du capteur 5 par l'affichage d'un symbole dédié sur le dispositif d'affichage 24. En cas de détection du dysfonctionnement du capteur 5, le module de gestion du chauffage des vitres 20 peut également donner à l'information de commande CMD une valeur qui assure un fonctionnement sûr quelle que soit la température effective (et par hypothèse non déterminée) sur la vitre 4, à savoir par exemple une information de commande CMD entraînant une absence de chauffage, ou en variante représentant un chauffage à une puissance de l'élément chauffant 6 déterminée en fonction d'autres paramètres disponibles au sein de l'aéronef.Another type of alarm in the defrosting system described above is a malfunction of the sensor 5. As already mentioned, the glass heating management system 20 receives not only TPT temperature information but also determines a correct operation information by monitoring the sensor 5. In case of detection of a malfunction of the sensor 5 by the window heating management module 20, the latter emits a corresponding alarm signal on the computer network 18 and to the alarm management system 22. It can thus warn the crew of the failure of the sensor 5 by the display of a dedicated symbol on the display device 24. In the event of detection of the malfunction of the sensor 5, the glass heating management module 20 can also give the control information CMD a value which ensures safe operation irrespective of the actual (and by no means determined) temperature on the window 4, ie for example CMD control information in trailing a lack of heating, or alternatively representing heating to a power of the heating element 6 determined according to other parameters available within the aircraft.
L'exemple qui vient d'être décrit ne représente qu'un mode possible de réalisation de l'invention qui ne s'y limite pas. The example just described is only one possible embodiment of the invention which is not limited thereto.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Système de dégivrage et/ou de désembuage d'une surface (4) d'un aéronef, caractérisé par : - un capteur de température (5) situé à proximité de ladite surface (4) et apte à générer une information de température (TPT) ;1. Defrosting and / or defogging system of a surface (4) of an aircraft, characterized by: a temperature sensor (5) located close to said surface (4) and capable of generating temperature information (TPT);
- un calculateur (20) apte à générer une information de commande (CMD) à partir de l'information de température (TPT) et à émettre l'information de commande (CMD) sur un réseau informatique (18) de l'aéronef ; - un système d'alimentation électrique (8) situé dans le cœur électrique de l'aéronef, apte à recevoir l'information de commande (CMD) sur le réseau informatique (18) et comprenant un interrupteur (12) apte à être commuté en fonction de l'information de commande (CMD) ;a computer (20) capable of generating control information (CMD) from the temperature information (TPT) and transmitting the control information (CMD) on a computer network (18) of the aircraft; a power supply system (8) located in the electric core of the aircraft, capable of receiving the control information (CMD) on the computer network (18) and comprising a switch (12) able to be switched to function of the order information (CMD);
- un élément chauffant (6) situé à proximité de ladite surface (4) et alimenté électriquement à travers ledit interrupteur (12).- A heating element (6) located near said surface (4) and electrically powered through said switch (12).
2. Système selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que le système d'alimentation électrique (8) comprend un microprocesseur (14) connecté au réseau informatique (18).2. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the power supply system (8) comprises a microprocessor (14) connected to the computer network (18).
3. Système de dégivrage selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le microprocesseur (14) est apte à recevoir l'information de commande (CMD) et à commander la commutation de l'interrupteur (12) en fonction de l'information de commande (CMD).Defrosting system according to claim 2, characterized in that the microprocessor (14) is adapted to receive the control information (CMD) and to control the switching of the switch (12) according to the information of the order (CMD).
4. Système selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que le microprocesseur (14) commande la commutation de l'interrupteur (12) au moyen d'un signal dont le rapport cyclique dépend de l'information de commande (CMD).4. System according to claim 3, characterized in that the microprocessor (14) controls the switching of the switch (12) by means of a signal whose duty cycle depends on the control information (CMD).
5. Système selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le calculateur (20) reçoit l'information de température (TPT) du capteur (5) à travers une liaison analogique. 5. System according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the computer (20) receives the temperature information (TPT) of the sensor (5) through an analog link.
6. Système de dégivrage selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que le calculateur est inclus dans un module de gestion du chauffage (20) connecté au réseau informatique (18).6. Defrosting system according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the computer is included in a heating management module (20) connected to the computer network (18).
7. Système selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que le module de gestion du chauffage (20) comprend des moyens de surveillance du capteur (5) aptes à émettre une alarme sur le réseau informatique (18) en cas de dysfonctionnement du capteur (5).7. System according to claim 6, characterized in that the heating management module (20) comprises sensor monitoring means (5) capable of emitting an alarm on the computer network (18) in the event of malfunction of the sensor ( 5).
8. Système selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que le système d'alimentation électrique (8) comprend des moyens (15) de mesure de l'intensité (I) traversant l'interrupteur (12) aptes à générer une alarme sur le réseau informatique (18) en cas de dépassement d'un seuil.8. System according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the power supply system (8) comprises means (15) for measuring the intensity (I) through the switch (12) adapted to generate an alarm on the computer network (18) if a threshold is exceeded.
9. Système selon la revendication 7 ou 8, caractérisé par un système de gestion des alarmes (22) connecté au réseau informatique (18) et apte à provoquer l'affichage d'un signal sur un dispositif d'affichage (24) de la cabine en cas de réception de ladite alarme.9. System according to claim 7 or 8, characterized by an alarm management system (22) connected to the computer network (18) and able to cause the display of a signal on a display device (24) of the cabin upon receipt of said alarm.
10. Système selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que le système d'alimentation électrique (8) comprend des moyens (15) de mesure de l'intensité (I) traversant l'interrupteur (12) aptes à commander l'ouverture de l'interrupteur (12) en cas de dépassement d'un seuil.10. System according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the power supply system (8) comprises means (15) for measuring the intensity (I) through the switch (12) adapted to to control the opening of the switch (12) if a threshold is exceeded.
11. Système selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce que le réseau informatique (18) est de type Ethernet.11. System according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the computer network (18) is of the Ethernet type.
12. Système selon l'une des revendications 1 à 11 , caractérisé en ce que ladite surface est une vitre (4) d'une cabine de pilotage de l'aéronef. 12. System according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that said surface is a window (4) of a cockpit of the aircraft.
13. Procédé de commande d'un système de dégivrage et/ou de désembuage d'une surface (4) d'un aéronef, caractérisé par les étapes suivantes :13. A method of controlling a deicing and / or defogging system of a surface (4) of an aircraft, characterized by the following steps:
- détermination (E104) d'une information de commande (CMD) sur la base d'une information de température (TPT) reçue d'un capteur de températuredetermination (E104) of control information (CMD) on the basis of temperature information (TPT) received from a temperature sensor
(5) situé à proximité de ladite surface (4) ;(5) located near said surface (4);
- émission (E106) de l'information de commande (CMD) sur un réseau informatique (18) de l'aéronef ;- Emission (E106) of the control information (CMD) on a computer network (18) of the aircraft;
- réception (E108) de l'information de commande (CMD) par un système d'alimentation électrique (8) ;- receiving (E108) the control information (CMD) by a power supply system (8);
- commutation (E110), en fonction de l'information de commande (CMD), d'un interrupteur (12) situé dans le cœur électrique de l'aéronef et à travers lequel est alimenté électriquement un élément de chauffage (6) situé à proximité de ladite surface (4).- switching (E110), according to the control information (CMD), a switch (12) located in the electric core of the aircraft and through which is supplied electrically a heating element (6) located at near said surface (4).
14. Procédé selon la revendication 13, caractérisé par une étape d'émission (E106) par le capteur (5) de l'information de température (TPT) à travers une liaison analogique.14. The method of claim 13, characterized by a transmitting step (E106) by the sensor (5) of the temperature information (TPT) through an analog link.
15. Procédé selon la revendication 13 ou 14, caractérisé en ce que, ladite commutation étant commandée par un microprocesseur (14) du système d'alimentation électrique (8), il comprend une étape de réception (E 108) par ledit microprocesseur (14) de l'information de commande (CMD).15. The method of claim 13 or 14, characterized in that, said switching being controlled by a microprocessor (14) of the power supply system (8), it comprises a receiving step (E 108) by said microprocessor (14). ) Order information (CMD).
16. Aéronef caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un système selon l'une des revendications 1 à 12.16. Aircraft characterized in that it comprises a system according to one of claims 1 to 12.
17. Aéronef caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend des moyens aptes à mettre en œuvre un procédé selon l'une des revendications 13 à 15. 17. Aircraft characterized in that it comprises means adapted to implement a method according to one of claims 13 to 15.
EP06808175A 2005-09-23 2006-09-20 System for deicing and/or defogging an aircraft surface, method for controlling same, and aircraft equipped with same Withdrawn EP1937554A1 (en)

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FR0509764A FR2891241B1 (en) 2005-09-23 2005-09-23 SYSTEM FOR DEFROSTING AND / OR DEMANDING AN AIRCRAFT SURFACE, METHOD FOR CONTROLLING SUCH A SYSTEM, AND AIRCRAFT EQUIPPED WITH SUCH A SYSTEM.
PCT/FR2006/002153 WO2007034074A1 (en) 2005-09-23 2006-09-20 System for deicing and/or defogging an aircraft surface, method for controlling same, and aircraft equipped with same

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