EP1927809A2 - Steam generator - Google Patents

Abstract

The generator has a pressure housing (3) formed in a drum-shaped manner and comprising a longitudinal axis. A discharge section (9) is arranged over a supply section (8) of a hollow pipe (1) in a vertical direction. An opening (13) is provided in a vertical upper pressure housing area for carrying out the supply of the heat flow and the heat flow guidance within the pressure housing in such a manner that the heat flow flows over the hollow pipe sections transverse to their extension with the flow direction.

Description

Technical area

The invention relates to a steam generator with a pressure-resistant, enclosing a volume pressure housing in which at least one hermetically sealed relative to the volume hollow conduit extends, each with a pressure housing fluid-tightly penetrating inlet and outlet portion is connected, and at least one opening for feeding a heat flow in the volume and at least one opening for the exit of the at least one hollow conduit in thermal interaction passing heat flow is provided in the pressure housing.

State of the art

Steam generators of the aforementioned type are preferably used for heat coupling in a combined gas-steam turbine arrangement, in which the emerging from the compressor of the gas turbine plant hot air is fed to a steam generator system, where it is cooled so far, so that it can be recycled for cooling purposes in the gas turbine. The steam generator draws the water from the economizers of the waste heat boiler and feeds the steam generated into the superheater of the waste heat boiler, from where they are passed through the steam turbine for expansion.
In order to generate steam, flexible steam generator systems are used, in particular for the purpose of energy generation, of which the so-called once-through coolers (OTC) are referred to in more detail below will be received. The so-called. OTC systems have high-building, cylinder-shaped pressure housing whose standing height clearly dominates the gas turbine. Such OTC coolers have inside the pressure-resistant, cylinder-shaped pressure housing helically around the cylinder longitudinal axis shaped, water-bearing pipes, which are fixed with only small mutual radial distance spatially with the help of so-called. Perforated support plates. To illustrate such a cooler arrangement, reference is made to the photographic illustration in FIG. 2, in which a tube bundle arrangement can be seen which can be introduced within a pressure-resistant, cylinder-shaped pressure housing, not shown. The waveguide arrangement shown in the image representation in Figure 2 is arranged for mounting purposes lying and would be erected vertically upright in the normal use case within the pressure housing, not shown. In this case, the part shown on the right in the image representation corresponds to the upper area. In principle, the photograph in FIG. 2 is the helical multiple arrangement of individual hollow conduits 1 about a common cylinder axis Z, all of which are wound radially around the cylinder axis Z in the illustrated form with a high mutual packing density. For spatial fixation and mutual spacing of the individual hollow tubes 1 are used sectorally about the cylinder axis Z distributed radial support plates 2, which provide a variety matched to the outer diameter of the individual hollow lines Perforierungslöcher through which the hollow wires 1 are hindurchzufädeln for assembly purposes. It requires no further explanation that only the assembly of the waveguide arrangement shown in Figure 2 is extremely time-consuming and therefore expensive.

For steam generation, water is fed through the hollow ducts 1 such that the hollow ducts 1 are traversed by the left side in the Billdarstellung to the right side of the waveguide, while the waveguide arrangement in the reverse direction, ie from the right side in the image to the left side of hotter Air of a gas turbine arrangement, not shown, is flowed through. This flow constellation corresponds to the countercurrent principle and is capable of the water fed into the hollow conduits to heat effectively in the lower, ie in the image representation left side of the waveguide arrangement until it evaporates in the right region of the waveguide arrangement within the individual hollow conduits 1. All hollow conduits open in the upper part of the steam generator, ie in the image representation according to FIG. 2, right part, in the so-called vapor collector D, from which the steam is discharged in a user-specific manner. In the case of a combined gas turbine installation, the steam generator arrangement shown in FIG. 2 serves for driving a steam turbine and corresponding conversion into electrical energy.

In addition to the already mentioned high cost of producing such a steam generator, the extremely large height of the vertical steam generator encounters structural and system engineering problems, especially since it is not possible for reasons of space to position such steam generators spatially close to those points of a gas turbine plant where Hot air can be diverted to generate steam. The result is a relatively large spacing of such a steam generator system from the gas turbine plant, whereby long-lasting connecting pipes are required to spend the hot air streams at the corresponding feed points of the steam generator. However, this inevitably leads to both thermo-energetic and pressure losses along the respective connecting pipes, which ultimately the efficiency for generating steam is significantly affected.

Presentation of the invention

The invention is based on the object, a steam generator with a pressure-resistant, enclosing a volume pressure housing in which at least one volume relative to the hermetically sealed hollow conduit extends, which is in each case connected to the pressure housing a fluid-tight protruding inlet and outlet section, and at least one opening for feeding a heat flow into the volume and at least one opening for the exit of the heat flow passing through the at least one hollow conduit in thermal interaction in the pressure housing, in such a way that On the one hand, the production cost over the steam generator principle explained above should be considerably reduced, so that the manufacturing cost can be reduced. In addition, on the other hand, it is necessary to create a compact and low-profile design of a steam generator, so that the steam generator can be placed as close as possible to a gas turbine plant as possible below the operating platform. This is intended to ensure that the lines required for heat flow exchange between the gas turbine plant and the steam generator are as short as possible in order to generate the lowest possible pressure losses. Ultimately, it is necessary to improve the efficiency of a combined power plant.

The solution of the problem underlying the invention is specified in claim 1. The concept of the invention advantageously further features are the subject of the dependent claims and the description with reference to the exemplary embodiments.

According to the solution, a steam generator with the features of the preamble of claim 1 is formed in that the pressure housing is drum-shaped, has a longitudinal axis and a perpendicular to the longitudinal axis measuring diameter. In contrast to the usual installation of such well-known drum-shaped pressure housing, the solution according to the steam generator concept to place the pressure housing lying, so that the longitudinal axis of the pressure housing is horizontally or substantially horizontally aligned and thus the pressure housing has a longitudinal extent which is greater than its diameter. The solution according to the underlying arrangement of the pressure housing causes advantageously a significant reduction in the height of the steam generator, thereby opening up new possibilities of the arrangement of the pressure housing relative to a gas turbine plant.

Within the pressure housing at least one pipe or generally hollow conduit is provided and formed such that at least two, preferably a plurality of predominantly parallel to each other pipe or

Waveguide sections are provided which are arranged stacked vertically or vertically offset one above the other and are each connected in pairs at an end region. The preferred goal in providing the at least one hollow conduit within the volume of the pressure housing is to provide the pressure housing as possible space filling with a plurality of densely packed hollow conduits through which the vaporizable fluid required for steam generation, preferably water is passed, as described below is brought into thermal contact for heating and heating within the pressure housing with a heat flow, preferably the emerging from a compressor unit of a gas turbine plant hot air. Each individual hollow pipe, which has vertically one above the other and each guided parallel to each other waveguide sections, which are meandering as it were interconnected, has a vertically lower feed point through which, for example, the water is introduced into the hollow conduit, along the meandering or serpentine Course rises vertically upwards to leave the hollow pipe via an outlet opening. The feed opening and the outlet opening are each connected to a supply or discharge section, which projects through the pressure housing fluid-tight, so as to ensure that the fluid to be evaporated can be fed in liquid form from outside the pressure housing in the at least one hollow conduit and that after corresponding heating and heating of the fluid forming along the hollow duct steam from the pressure housing for further technical use can be derived. In this case, the discharge section is arranged in the vertical direction over the supply section of the at least one hollow line. Furthermore, at least one opening for feeding in the heat flow is provided in the vertically upper pressure housing area, for example in the form of hot air, which can be removed directly from the air flow at the outlet of the compressor of a gas turbine plant. The heat flow passage through the pressure housing takes place in such a way that the heat flow overflows the hollow conduit sections of the at least one hollow conduit transversely to its extension directed along the longitudinal axis with a flow direction oriented vertically from above. This ensures that the heat flow direction takes place in the opposite direction to the flow direction of the vaporizable fluid within the at least one hollow conduit. Thus, the concept of the Upward evaporation of the vaporizable fluid within the respective hollow conduits in countercurrent with respect to the heat flow introduced into the pressure housing as quasi that steam generator concept which is used in previously conventional, vertically standing steam generators obtained.

A particular aspect of the steam generator designed in accordance with the invention provides for the highest possible packing density of the hollow line sections which are guided parallel to one another, each of which can be assigned to a plurality of individual hollow lines, wherein the entirety of the individual vertical hollow pipe tube stacks arranged as close as possible to each other spatially fill as large a volume as possible of the pressure housing. The heat flow into the pressure housing takes place for the most effective heat transfer on the part of the heat flow to the hollow lines and ultimately to the guided inside the hollow tubes vaporizable fluid such that the heat flow the hollow line arrangement transversely to the extension of the individual hollow sections happens once, which is why the solution according Dampfzeugerkonzept the above described OTC concept, d. H. the heat flow passes once through the waveguide assembly and transfers heat to the waveguide assembly during this one-time passage. In order to improve the thermal interaction between heat flow and waveguide arrangement is carried out ribbed in an advantageous manner at least one hollow conduit, d. H. provided with a contoured line surface shape, on the one hand to increase the waveguide surface and on the other hand to improve the heat transfer between the heat flow and hollow conduit.

A simple embodiment of the pressure housing provides for providing at least one opening for the outlet of the heat flow brought into thermal contact with the at least one hollow line in the lower pressure housing area, ie at the side of the pressure housing diametrically opposite the inlet opening for the heat flow, so that the heat flow without an inner Deflection within the pressure housing, so to speak unidirectional passes through the volume of the pressure housing. However, this assumes that lying below the arranged pressure housing a sufficient depth is provided in order to weiterzuschleiten the emerging from the pressure housing heat flow accordingly.

In contrast, provides a further embodiment, the attachment of the openings for both the entry and for the exit of the respective heat flow in or out of the pressure housing in each case at the upper pressure housing area, so that all supply lines or discharges for the transport of the heat flow on the more accessible Top of the otherwise lying pressure housing can be provided. Additionally required depths below the pressure housing can be avoided in this way. In such an embodiment, however, it is necessary to redirect the vertically downwardly directed heat flow after passing through the waveguide arrangement with suitable measures in the opposite flow direction and to ensure that the flow area passing through the waveguide arrangement is not irritated by the outflow flow directed through the deflected outlet opening. For the structural design of such an embodiment, reference is made to a later embodiment in detail.

In addition to the lying advantageously by the horizontal positioning of the drum-shaped pressure housing low design of the steam generator according to the solution according to the invention allows a much simpler assembly, in particular the waveguide arrangement, which can be produced in a much smaller assembly time and coping with much less technically demanding assembly steps. Finally, the hollow line arrangement to be introduced within the pressure housing, which is preferably composed of a multiplicity of individual hollow conduits, can be assembled according to a simple modular principle. For example, assume that each individual hollow line has a plurality of meandering superimposed and interconnected parallel guided waveguide sections, which in turn correspond to a vertical stack and further assume that the hollow line has a round cross-section, so it is possible by side by side add similar trained hollow lines by vertically slightly offset arrangement to add the individual hollow lines with a maximum packing density together. The vertical stack height of the individual waveguide sections per hollow line is directed as it were by an appropriately selected number of juxtaposed bonded hollow pipes according to the spatial absorption capacity of the pressure housing. As the other embodiments will show with reference to corresponding embodiments, it is possible with simple manufacturing steps to assemble the set of a plurality of individual hollow conduits hollow conduit assembly outside the pressure housing and then introduce as a prefabricated sub-component in the pressure housing. A fixation of the prefabricated waveguide arrangement within the pressure housing is preferably carried out via permanently provided with the inner wall of the pressure housing fixing rails on which individual hollow line sections are able to partially lie. Ultimately, it only requires the fluid-tight connection of the respective supply and discharge sections with the individual hollow conduits, which ensure a fluid-tight connection of the hollow conduits.

Brief description of the invention

Fig. 1

schematisierte Längsquerschnitt durch ein lösungsgemäß ausgebildetes Kesselgehäuse,

Fig. 1A, B

Querschnittsdarstellungen durch ein Kesselgehäuse mit Hohlleitungsanordnung,

Fig. 2

Darstellung der Hohlleitungsanordnung eines an sich bekannten OTC-Kühlungssystems,

Fig. 3

schematisierte Querschnittsdarstellung eines alternativen Ausführungsbeispieles sowie

Fig. 4

schematisierter Längsteilquerschnitt durch ein Kesselgehäuse.

The invention will now be described by way of example without limitation of the general inventive idea by means of embodiments with reference to the drawing. Show it:

Fig. 1

schematic longitudinal cross-section through a solution designed boiler housing,

Fig. 1A, B

Cross-sectional views through a boiler housing with waveguide arrangement,

Fig. 2

Representation of the waveguide arrangement of a per se known OTC cooling system,

Fig. 3

schematic cross-sectional representation of an alternative embodiment and

Fig. 4

schematic longitudinal section through a boiler housing.

Ways to carry out the invention, industrial usability

FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal cross-section through a cylinder-shaped pressure housing 3, which has a circular cross-section in the exemplary embodiment shown, see also the cross-sectional drawings according to FIGS. 1A and B, which represent cross-sectional images along the sectional planes A and B shown in FIG. The cylinder-shaped pressure housing 3 includes an inner volume 4, in which a consisting of a plurality of individual hollow tubes 1 hollow conductor assembly 5 is introduced. The consisting of a plurality of individual hollow conduit 1 waveguide assembly 5 provides juxtaposed individual hollow conduits 1, which in turn consist of a plurality of vertically stacked waveguide sections 1 ', as is shown very schematically from the subfigure of Figure 1. Thus, a hollow pipe 1 is composed of a plurality of individual meandering or serpentine interconnected parallel extending hollow pipe sections 1 ', which are in turn stacked vertically one above the other. Via a vertically lower inlet opening 6, each individual hollow conduit 1 is supplied with a vaporizable fluid, preferably water, which, after passing through all the hollow conduit sections 1, exits the hollow conduit 1 via a vertically upper outlet opening 7.

Within the pressure housing 3 are thus a plurality of side by side, each staggered arranged hollow lines 1 as described above, wherein the supply openings 6 of the individual hollow conduits 1 open into a common supply section 8, are supplied via the all hollow pipes 1 with water. Likewise, all the outlet openings 7 of the hollow conduits 1 open into a common discharge section 9, which is arranged vertically above the supply section 8 as shown in FIG. 1 and, as it were, passes through the delivery housing 3 in a fluid-tight manner to the outside. To illustrate by assembling a variety of individual For example, reference is made to the cross-sectional view according to FIG. 1B, from which it can be seen that directly adjacent hollow lines 1 are arranged offset relative to one another, so that a high packing density can be created between the individual hollow lines 1. For the mutual spatial fixing of the individual hollow conduits 1 and for easy mounting of the hollow conduit assembly 5 is a support structure 10, which consists of a plurality of disc or web-like receiving means 11. Each individual receiving means 11 has recesses 12 adapted to the outer contour of the respective hollow conductor sections, so that the individual hollow conduits 1 can be inserted into the staggered arrangement predetermined by the recesses 12. The assembly takes place in each case in such a way that hollow lines 1 to be arranged next to each other are sandwiched between two adjacent receiving means 11. The mounting of the individual receiving means 11 existing support structure 10 is provided along the longitudinal section shown in Figure 1 at five spaced locations and fixes the entire waveguide assembly 5 centrally within the volume of the pressure housing 3. About corresponding Connecting means 12, the support structures 11 are connected to the pressure housing 3.

For feeding in a heat flow, preferably of hot exhaust gases of a gas turbine plant, four openings 13 for feeding the heat flow into the volume 4 of the pressure housing 3 are provided in the upper pressure housing area 30 along the longitudinal extent of the pressure housing 3. As can be seen from the cross-sectional images in accordance with FIGS. 1A and B, downstream of the feed openings 13, a heat flow-conducting means 14 adjoins the heat flow for further guidance of the heat flow, through which the heat flow selectively traverses the spatial region of the waveguide arrangement vertically from top to bottom. Due to the cylindrical, so round inner contour of the pressure housing 3, the vertically downward heat flow at the Druckgehäuseinnenwänden, as shown schematically in Figure 1 B, diverted and led again vertically upwards near the pressure housing walls, where the heat flow exits through suitable openings 15 from the pressure housing 3.

The design of a steam generator shown in FIGS. 1 to 1 B is a particularly preferred embodiment, which enables heat flow or removal respectively at the top side of the pressure housing 3, so that a compact installation form is created for the steam generator. Typically, the steam generator according to the invention has a pressure housing longitudinal extent of 5 to 10 m and a pressure housing diameter of about 2 to 3 m. The advantage of a horizontal arrangement is in view of the geometric size dimensions obvious, especially since the predetermined by the diameter height typical sizes of gas turbine systems do not exceed and thus allows a compact and safe safe installation close to the gas turbine plant.

The description according to the known waveguide arrangement, as shown in the photographic representation in Figure 2, has already been taken in the introduction to the description.

FIG. 3 shows a schematic cross section through a pressure housing 3, in which, unlike the embodiment according to FIG. 1, in which the waveguide sections 1 'of the individual hollow line 1 run parallel to the longitudinal axis, the waveguide sections 1' are transverse, ie perpendicular but horizontal to the longitudinal axis. Thus, it is assumed that a front first hollow pipe 1, according to the stroke line, is supplied with fluid via a lower feed opening 6 in the cross-sectional view according to FIG. 3, which emerges along the vertically superimposed and meander-shaped hollow pipe sections 1 'at the vertically upper outlet opening 7 , On the other hand, a further hollow conduit arranged in the longitudinal direction behind it (see dashed lines) is supplied with water via the supply conduit opening 6 'which, after appropriate passage through all the hollow conduit sections 1', exits via the outlet opening 7 '. The entire waveguide arrangement can thus by a plurality of longitudinally arranged one behind the other, each offset from each other arranged individual hollow conduits are assembled, wherein the supply and discharge lines for each vaporizable fluid along the in the cross-sectional view of Figure 3 indicated manner is to make.

Finally, from the schematized partial longitudinal section through a pressure housing 3 according to FIG. 4, an alternative attachment of openings 13 for the injection of a heat flow and openings 15 for the exit of a heat flow from the pressure housing 3 emerge. In contrast to the embodiment according to FIG. 1, the respective openings 13, 15 are arranged diametrically opposite one another relative to the longitudinal axis A, so that the heat flow within the pressure housing 3 is not deflected, but the volume 4 of the pressure housing 3 passes unidirectionally. Only schematic is shown that the waveguide assembly 1 is characterized by two parallel to the longitudinal axis A extending Hohlleitungsabschnitte1 'penetrated by a vaporizable fluid, wherein the flow direction of the fluid through the hollow conduits 1 from bottom to top, d. H. opposite to the vertically downwardly oriented flow direction of the heat flow takes place.

For attachment and attachment of the individual hollow conduits 1 within the pressure housing 3, so-called support rails 16, which are laterally connected to the inner wall of the pressure housing 3, are shown schematically in the cross-sectional view according to FIG.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

hollow line

1'

Hollow pipe section

2

support plate

3

pressure housing

4

volume

5

Hollow conduit arrangement

6

supply port

7

outlet opening

8th

lead portion

9

derivation section

10

supporting structure

11

receiving means

12

attachment structure

13

Opening for feeding the heat flow

14

Heat flow conductive agent

15

Opening to exit the heat flow

16

support rails

30

Pressure housing area

D

steam header

Z

cylinder axis

Claims (17)

Steam generator with a pressure-resistant, enclosing a volume pressure housing (3), in which at least one hermetically sealed relative to the volume hollow line (1), each with a pressure housing (3) fluid-tight penetrating Zu- (8) and discharge section (9) connected and that at least one opening (13) for feeding a heat flow into the volume and at least one opening (15) for the exit of the at least one hollow conduit (1) in thermal interaction passing heat flow in the pressure housing (3) is provided
characterized in that the pressure housing (3) is drum-shaped, has a longitudinal axis and a perpendicular to the longitudinal axis measuring diameter,
that the longitudinal axis is aligned horizontally or substantially horizontally and the pressure housing (3) has an extension, which is greater than the diameter, along the longitudinal axis,
the at least one hollow line (1) is designed such that at least two, preferably a plurality of hollow line sections (1 ') extending predominantly parallel to one another are provided, which are stacked vertically or vertically offset one above the other and are connected to one another in pairs at one end area,
that the discharge section (9) is arranged in the vertical direction over the supply section (8) of the at least one hollow conduit (1), and
in that the at least one opening (13) is provided for feeding in the heat flow in the vertically upper pressure housing area and a heat flow guidance takes place within the pressure housing (3) in such a way that the heat flow reaches the waveguide sections (1 ') transversely to their longitudinal axis directed extension with one of overflowed vertically downwardly oriented flow direction. Steam generator according to claim 1,
characterized in that the pressure housing (3) has a round, oval, or n-shaped cross-section. Steam generator according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that the heat flow overflows the hollow line sections (1 ') unidirectionally by means of a single overflow. Steam generator according to one of claims 1 to 3,
characterized in that the at least one hollow line (1) has a plurality of a vertical stack meander-shaped interconnected, each parallel to each other Holleitungsabschnitte (1 '). Steam generator according to claim 4,
characterized in that the hollow conduit sections (1 ') within the pressure housing (3) are arranged horizontally. Steam generator according to claim 4 or 5,
characterized in that the hollow conductor sections (1 ') are oriented parallel or perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. Steam generator according to one of claims 1 to 6,
characterized in that a plurality of individual hollow conduits (1) is provided,
that the individual hollow conduits (1) along their waveguide sections (1 ') are each arranged side by side to form a waveguide arrangement (5) with the greatest possible packing density, ie immediately adjacent hollow line sections (1') are each arranged vertically offset. Steam generator according to claim 7,
characterized in that the hollow conduits (1) of the hollow conduit arrangement (5) are spatially fixed by at least one support structure (10), and
in that the support structure (10) comprises all the hollow conduits (1) along a plane which orthogonally intersects the longitudinal axis. Steam generator according to claim 8,
characterized in that the support structure (10) provides a plurality of individual receiving means (11) with recesses adapted to the outer contour of the hollow conductor sections (1 ') of the individual hollow conduits (1), and
in that the individual receiving means (11) are in each case stackable with hollow conductor sections (1 ') introduced in the recesses, with the formation of the hollow conductor arrangement (5) with the greatest possible packing density. Steam generator according to claim 8 or 9,
characterized in that a plurality of support structures (10) are provided along the waveguide assembly (5), each at a mutual distance along the longitudinal axis. Steam generator according to one of claims 1 to 10,
characterized in that the at least one hollow conduit (1) consists of a ribbed tube. Steam generator according to one of claims 1 to 11,
characterized in that the at least one hollow conduit (1) is connected to support rails (16) connected to the inner wall of the pressure housing (3). Steam generator according to one of claims 1 to 12,
characterized in that the at least one opening (15) is provided for the outlet of the at least one hollow conduit (1) in thermal interaction passing heat flow in the lower region of the pressure housing (3), so that the heat flow undirectionally the volume of the pressure housing (3) flows through perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. Steam generator according to one of claims 1 to 12,
characterized in that the at least one opening (15) for the exit of the at least one hollow conduit (1) in thermal interaction passing heat flow in the upper region of the pressure housing (3) is provided,
in that a heat flow-conducting means (14) is provided inside the pressure housing (3), which leads downwards through the heat flow entering through the opening (13) for introduction, the heat flow coming into thermal interaction with the at least one hollow conduit (1), and
in that the heat flow within the pressure housing (3) is deflectable such that the heat flow flows upwards near the pressure housing inner wall, through which the heat flow conducting means (14) is separated from the at least one hollow conduit (1) and through which at least one opening (15 ) exits from the pressure housing (3) upwards. Use of the steam generator according to one of claims 1 to 14 as a cooler unit of a gas turbine plant for heat coupling the at least partially expanded air of the gas turbine to a steam-driven unit. Use according to claim 15,
characterized in that the cooler unit is a so-called once-through cooler (once through cooler, OTC), in which the at least partially expanded air, the at least one hollow conduit (1) in which a vaporizable fluid is guided, in particular water, with only one thermal Flow through the interaction. Use according to claim 15 or 16,
characterized in that the pressure housing (3) is placed in the formation of a horizontal, vertically low-pressure pressure vessel immediately adjacent to the gas turbine arrangement while avoiding long connecting lines for the hot air removable from the gas turbine plant.

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