EP1925008A1 - Electric circuit switching device using at least two permanent magnets - Google Patents

Electric circuit switching device using at least two permanent magnets

Info

Publication number
EP1925008A1
EP1925008A1 EP06763534A EP06763534A EP1925008A1 EP 1925008 A1 EP1925008 A1 EP 1925008A1 EP 06763534 A EP06763534 A EP 06763534A EP 06763534 A EP06763534 A EP 06763534A EP 1925008 A1 EP1925008 A1 EP 1925008A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
permanent magnet
movable
mobile
actuating member
fixed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP06763534A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1925008B1 (en
Inventor
Laurent Chiesi
Benoit Grappe
Dominique Benni
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schneider Electric Industries SAS
Original Assignee
Schneider Electric Industries SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FR0551506A external-priority patent/FR2886758B1/en
Priority claimed from FR0553178A external-priority patent/FR2892226B1/en
Application filed by Schneider Electric Industries SAS filed Critical Schneider Electric Industries SAS
Publication of EP1925008A1 publication Critical patent/EP1925008A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1925008B1 publication Critical patent/EP1925008B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H36/00—Switches actuated by change of magnetic field or of electric field, e.g. by change of relative position of magnet and switch, by shielding
    • H01H36/0006—Permanent magnet actuating reed switches
    • H01H36/0013—Permanent magnet actuating reed switches characterised by the co-operation between reed switch and permanent magnet; Magnetic circuits
    • H01H36/0026—Permanent magnet actuating reed switches characterised by the co-operation between reed switch and permanent magnet; Magnetic circuits comprising a biasing, helping or polarising magnet
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H36/00—Switches actuated by change of magnetic field or of electric field, e.g. by change of relative position of magnet and switch, by shielding
    • H01H2036/0093—Micromechanical switches actuated by a change of the magnetic field
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H36/00—Switches actuated by change of magnetic field or of electric field, e.g. by change of relative position of magnet and switch, by shielding
    • H01H36/0006—Permanent magnet actuating reed switches
    • H01H36/006—Permanent magnet actuating reed switches comprising a plurality of reed switches, e.g. selectors or joystick-operated

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for switching an electrical circuit comprising a movable actuating member, acting by magnetic effect on a switch for switching the electrical circuit.
  • the invention relates more particularly to a switching device which can be used as a push button, position detector, sliding button or rotary button.
  • US Pat. No. 3,921,108 discloses a push button type assembly comprising an actuator movable in translation between a rest position and a working position and capable of setting in motion a permanent magnet housed in the button. pusher.
  • the permanent magnet is rotatably mounted on a domed leaf spring on which the actuator acts. At rest, the permanent magnet is inclined relative to the axis of the assembly and is able to follow a rotational movement when the actuating member acts on the spring.
  • the permanent magnet is able to control by magnetic effect a "reed" type switch to switch an electrical circuit. The position of the permanent magnet relative to the switch allows to close or open the electrical circuit.
  • a switching device able to be used in a sea rescue system.
  • This device notably comprises a "reed" type switch which includes two flexible blades which can be brought together under the influence a magnetic field to close an electrical circuit.
  • the device also comprises a permanent permanent magnet with axial magnetization, the magnetic field of which forces the two flexible blades to move together, and a mobile permanent magnet also with axial magnetization and in the same direction as that of the fixed permanent magnet which, when is approached requires the opening of the switch.
  • the movement of the movable permanent magnet is achieved by the level of water present in a cavity of the device.
  • the operating principle described in this document is not suitable for use in a push button, position detector or sliding button.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a device for switching an electrical circuit suitable for switching miniature switches and having a simple structure and operation.
  • a device for switching an electrical circuit comprising a body, an actuating member movable in the body between at least two positions and capable of acting by magnetic effect on a movable element of at least one electrical switch. , to switch the electrical circuit between two positions, an open position of the electrical circuit and a closed position of said electrical circuit, characterized in that:
  • the device comprises at least two permanent magnets in opposition to create between them a magnetic repulsion effect, the two permanent magnets comprising at least one fixed permanent magnet and a mobile permanent magnet secured to the actuating member,
  • the change of position of the actuating member causes a change of direction of the magnetic field lines created by said permanent magnets in the vicinity of the movable element, causing the switching of the electrical circuit.
  • the electrical contact closed by magnetic effect makes it possible to make the ohmic contact resistance independent of the force exerted by the operator. This resistance is therefore perfectly reproducible at each manipulation.
  • the operation of the device is perfectly constant over time, the actuating member being stressed in movement not by a mechanical spring but by the magnetic repulsion effect exerted between the two magnets in opposition.
  • the magnetic repulsion effect gives the user a particular tactile effect when the actuator is pressed.
  • the two permanent magnets participate together to achieve contactless switching of the electrical circuit and to allow the actuator to return to the initial position.
  • the movable permanent magnet is movable in translation between at least two positions in a main plane parallel to a substrate on which the movable element is mounted.
  • the fixed permanent magnet and the mobile permanent magnet have magnetizations of direction perpendicular to the main plane and oriented in the same direction, the two magnets being in opposition by their edges.
  • the movable permanent magnet is automatically returned to its initial position by magnetic repulsion with the fixed permanent magnet, thus also causing the actuating member to its initial position, for example a rest position.
  • the mobile permanent magnet when the mobile permanent magnet is in a position distant from the fixed permanent magnet, the mobile element is maintained in a position imposed by the curvature of the field lines of the magnetic field created by the magnet permanent mobile.
  • the switch is therefore placed under the movable permanent magnet.
  • the movable permanent magnet when the movable permanent magnet is in a position remote from the fixed permanent magnet, the movable element is maintained in a position by reversing the curvature of the field lines caused by the preponderant influence of the magnetic field created by the fixed permanent magnet.
  • the switch is placed under the fixed permanent magnet.
  • the device comprises a plurality of switches and the movable permanent magnet can take several distinct positions to, in each of these positions, switch one or more of the switches.
  • the actuating member is for example a control lever or a directional button.
  • the fixed permanent magnet can have a toroidal shape, and encircle the mobile permanent magnet.
  • the switches are then distributed circularly along the toroidal shape of the fixed permanent magnet and the mobile permanent magnet is multidirectional between a central equilibrium position and close positions of each of the switches in order to be able to switch each of them.
  • each switch can also be associated with a fixed permanent magnet.
  • the fixed permanent magnets are distributed, for example circularly, around the mobile permanent magnet.
  • the movable permanent magnet is multidirectional and can take a middle position, for example central, relative to the fixed permanent magnets and a close position of each of the fixed permanent magnets to switch the switch associated with them.
  • the device according to this first embodiment may also include a magnetic retaining device requiring minimal effort to be exerted on the actuating member to start its movement.
  • This retaining device comprises for example a ferromagnetic part mounted on the body of the device against which the movable permanent magnet bears when the actuating member is in one of its positions.
  • the mobile permanent magnet is therefore in magnetic interaction both with the fixed permanent magnet for the return to the initial position but also with the ferromagnetic part of the retaining device.
  • the particular tactile sensation felt by the user when the actuating member is pressed therefore results from the combination of the magnetic repelling effect exerted between the movable permanent magnet and the fixed permanent magnet and the magnetic attraction effect exerted between the mobile permanent magnet and the ferromagnetic part of the retaining device. This tactile sensation is not likely to deteriorate over time since it is achieved simply by the combination of these different magnetic effects.
  • the movable permanent magnet is rotatable between at least two positions around an axis perpendicular to a main plane parallel to a substrate on which the movable element is mounted.
  • the mobile permanent magnet can take a so-called distant position in which its distal end is rotated, for example by 180 ° relative to the fixed permanent magnet so that the magnetic field created by the mobile permanent magnet has little or even influence. zero on the switch and a so-called close position in which the distal end of the movable permanent magnet is adjacent to the movable permanent magnet for switching the switch.
  • the fixed permanent magnet and the mobile permanent magnet have magnetizations of direction perpendicular to the main plane and oriented in the same direction.
  • the device comprises a plurality of switches and the mobile permanent magnet can take several distinct angular positions so as to, in each of its positions, switch one or more of these switches.
  • the fixed permanent magnet can have a toroidal shape, encircling the mobile permanent magnet.
  • the switches are then distributed circularly along the toroidal shape of the fixed permanent magnet.
  • the movable permanent magnet can rotate in several different angular positions in each of which its distal end is adjacent to one of the switches.
  • each switch can also be associated with a fixed permanent magnet, the fixed permanent magnets being distributed, for example circularly, around the mobile permanent magnet.
  • the movable permanent magnet can then assume in rotation several distinct angular positions in each of which its distal end is adjacent to one of the switches.
  • the switch or switches can be enclosed in a hermetic and watertight case, for example, in order to avoid any penetration of dust which could disturb the operation of the device.
  • An actuation mechanism of the switch or switches, comprising the fixed permanent magnet and the mobile permanent magnet, is then for example located outside the housing to control the switch or switches.
  • the mobile permanent magnet and the fixed permanent magnet are superimposed and the mobile permanent magnet is movable in translation between two positions along a main axis perpendicular to a substrate on which is mounted the movable element.
  • the fixed permanent magnet and the mobile permanent magnet have magnetizations of direction parallel to the main axis and oriented in opposite directions.
  • the opposition of the two permanent magnets is thus achieved by their two main faces facing each other.
  • the movable permanent magnet is thus automatically returned to its initial position by magnetic repulsion with the fixed permanent magnet, thus driving the actuating member to its initial position, for example a position rest.
  • the use of a specific device to return the actuating member to its initial position is therefore not necessary.
  • the movable member is disposed between the two permanent magnets.
  • the mobile permanent magnet when the mobile permanent magnet is in a position distant from the fixed permanent magnet, the mobile element is maintained in a position imposed by the curvature of the field lines of the first magnetic field.
  • the movable permanent magnet when the movable permanent magnet is in a position close to the fixed permanent magnet, the movable element is maintained in a position by inversion of the field lines caused by the preponderant influence of the second magnetic field .
  • the fixed permanent magnet and the mobile permanent magnet are arranged symmetrically in the device relative to the main axis and the mobile element is offset with respect to the main axis.
  • the device according to this third embodiment comprises several switches offset with respect to the main axis.
  • the switches are for example arranged symmetrically with respect to the main axis.
  • the actuating member may include an abruptly transforming elastic structure or membrane. This structure can make it possible to impart a tactile sensation to the user of the device.
  • the device according to this third embodiment may include a magnetic retaining device for the actuating member requiring minimal effort to be exerted on the actuating member to start its movement.
  • the magnetic retaining device comprises at least one fixed ferromagnetic part mounted on the body and in magnetic attraction with the movable permanent magnet when the actuating member is in one of its positions, for example its rest position.
  • the retaining device can also comprise two ferromagnetic parts in magnetic attraction when the actuating member is in one of its positions, a first part being mounted on the actuating member and a second part being mounted on the body.
  • the mobile element is for example a pivoting membrane mounted on a substrate and carrying at one of its ends an electrical contact establishing the electrical junction between two fixed contacts disposed on the substrate when the membrane is in the position closing the electrical circuit.
  • the device can include a magnetic shielding device. This shielding device makes it possible, for example, to protect the switches from external magnetic influences.
  • FIG. 1A to 3B show in axial section different configurations of a switching device according to the invention comprising a sliding actuator.
  • FIGS 4A and 4B schematically show a top view of two configurations of a switching device according to the invention comprising a sliding actuating member.
  • FIGS. 5A to 6 show in axial section different configurations of a switching device according to the invention comprising a rotating actuating member.
  • FIG. 7A and 7B schematically show a top view of two configurations of a switching device according to the invention comprising a rotating actuating member.
  • - Figure 8 schematically shows the switching device according to the invention comprising a push-type actuating member.
  • the actuator On the left part (G) of Figure 8, the actuator is shown at rest while on the right part (D) the actuator is shown pressed.
  • - Figures 9A and 9B show the position of the permanent magnets in the switching device of Figure 8 when the actuator is, respectively, at rest or pressed and the influence of the magnetic field created by each of the magnets of the device of commutation.
  • FIG. 10 represents an example of the stroke / force diagram obtained with the switching device shown in FIG. 8.
  • FIG. 11 represents a switch according to the invention, the membrane of which is at rest.
  • Figures 12A and 12B illustrate the positions taken by the membrane under the influence of a magnetic field.
  • an axis is defined, called the main axis (A), passing through the switching device in a vertical direction.
  • the terms “top”, “bottom”, “bottom”, “top” must be understood by taking as a reference the main axis (A).
  • the principle of the invention is based on the use of at least two permanent magnets (5, 6, 50, 60, 500, 600) in a switching device (1, 10, 100) of an electric circuit such that '' a push button, a position switch or detector, a sliding button or a rotary button.
  • the switching device (1, 10, 100) comprises a movable permanent magnet (6, 60, 600) integral with an actuating member (3, 30, 300) of the device and at least one fixed permanent magnet (5, 50, 500).
  • the actuator (3, 60, 600) is integral with an actuating member (3, 30, 300) of the device and at least one fixed permanent magnet (5, 50, 500).
  • the actuator (3, 60, 600) is integral with an actuating member (3, 30, 300) of the device and at least one fixed permanent magnet (5, 50, 500).
  • the switching device (1, 10, 100) can also be used as a position detector using a push-type, sliding or rotary actuating member.
  • the movement of the actuating member (3, 30, 300) acts by magnetic effect on one or more switches 2 sensitive to magnetic fields.
  • a switch 2 ( Figure 11) has a movable element which can take two positions, one of which corresponds to the closing of an electrical circuit (Figure 12B) and the other corresponding to the opening of this circuit ( Figure 12A ).
  • the mobile element is for example constituted by a miniature ferromagnetic membrane 20 mounted on a substrate 24 perpendicular to the main axis (A) and provided with a part made of ferromagnetic material.
  • the switch 2 can be produced in planar MEMS type technology (in English "Micro ElectroMechanical System") or in laminating technology of PCB type ("Printed Circuit Board") or "flex"("Flexible printed circuit board”).
  • the membrane 20 carries a movable contact 21 capable of coming to electrically connect two fixed contacts 25, 26 disposed on the substrate 24 when it is in a low position for closing the electrical circuit.
  • the membrane 20 of the switch 2 can be controlled by magnetic effect to pivot around an axis of rotation (R) perpendicular to the main axis (A) and parallel to the substrate 24 between a high position for opening the electrical circuit. ( Figure 12A) and its low position for closing the electrical circuit ( Figure 12B). It is connected to an anchoring stud 23 for example by means of two arms 22a, 22b subjected to bending.
  • R axis of rotation
  • Figure 12B and its low position for closing the electrical circuit
  • It is connected to an anchoring stud 23 for example by means of two arms 22a, 22b subjected to bending.
  • the numerical references used above to describe the switch 2 are kept in the description of all the embodiments of the device according to the invention.
  • the switching device 10 is used as a sliding button or a position detector using a sliding actuating member.
  • the device 10 comprises a body consisting of a closed housing 40 provided in particular with an upper wall 41 perpendicular to the main axis (A) and a circular side wall 42 and walls surmounting the housing 40 and receiving an actuation mechanism.
  • L movable permanent magnet 60 and the fixed permanent magnet 50 are for example identical, of circular section, symmetrical with respect to their respective axis of revolution and arranged flat on the upper wall 41 of the housing 40. Other forms of magnet can be considered.
  • the actuation mechanism includes: - the fixed permanent magnet 50 housed in the cavity,
  • This assembly is slidably mounted on the upper wall 41 of the housing 40, in the slide 43 of the mechanism.
  • a stud protruding through the opening 44 is formed on the actuating member 30 to manipulate the actuating member 30 and slide it into the slide 43 in the company of the movable permanent magnet 60.
  • the movable permanent magnet 60 is able to move in a direction perpendicular to the main axis (A) and to the axis of rotation (R) of the membrane 20, and to take two positions, a so-called distant position from the permanent magnet 50
  • the two permanent magnets 50, 60 have a direction magnetization parallel to the main axis (A) and therefore perpendicular to the upper wall 41 of the housing.
  • the magnetic fields generated by the fixed permanent magnet (s) and by the mobile permanent magnet are symbolized respectively by the vector (s) M10 and by the vector M20 in FIGS. 1 A to 4B and their respective field lines are referenced L10 and L20 .
  • the actuation mechanism may include a magnetic retaining device composed for example of a ferromagnetic part 70 against which the movable permanent magnet 60 rests when it is in position distant from the fixed permanent magnet 50.
  • the ferromagnetic part 70 and the mobile permanent magnet 60 define between them a variable air gap.
  • the magnetic attraction effect generated between the movable permanent magnet 60 and the ferromagnetic part 70 makes it possible to generate a resistance to detachment of the actuating member 30.
  • a minimum force exerted on the actuating member 30 is therefore necessary to initiate its translational movement, thus giving the user a particular tactile effect during its manipulation.
  • a switch 2 is placed under the movable permanent magnet 60 and under the influence of the magnetic field M20 generated by the movable permanent magnet 60.
  • the movable permanent magnet 60 moves relative to the switch 2 and depending on whether it is in a distant or close position relative to the fixed permanent magnet 50, the membrane 20 of the switch 2 is located on one side or the other of the axis of revolution of the movable permanent magnet 60.
  • the membrane 20 When the mobile permanent magnet 60 is in a position remote from the fixed permanent magnet 50, the membrane 20 is under the influence of the magnetic field M20 created by the mobile permanent magnet 60, including field lines L20, oriented towards the inside of the device 10, have a curvature inducing a magnetic component in the membrane 20.
  • the magnetic couple existing between the magnetic component created in the membrane 20 and the magnetic field M20 of the movable permanent magnet 60 then imposes on the membrane 20 to take one of its positions, for example an open position of the electrical circuit ( Figure 1A).
  • the approximation of the movable permanent magnet 60 relative to the fixed permanent magnet 50 has the effect of verticalizing the lines L10, L20 of the magnetic fields M10, M20 formed in the vicinity of the adjacent ends of the two magnets 50, 60.
  • the magnetic torque existing between the magnetic field M10 created by the fixed permanent magnet 50 and the magnetic component generated requires the membrane 20 to take one of its positions, for example the open position of the electrical circuit ( Figure 2A).
  • the approximation of the movable permanent magnet 60 with respect to the fixed permanent magnet 50 has the effect of verticalizing the field lines formed around the adjacent ends of the two magnets 50, 60.
  • the curvature of the field lines L15 seen by the membrane 20 is reversed.
  • the new magnetic component generated in the membrane 20 is opposed to the previous one.
  • the new magnetic couple thus forces the membrane 20 to switch to its other position, that is to say the closed position of the electrical circuit (FIG. 2B).
  • an actuating mechanism comprising an actuating member at at least three positions.
  • the actuation mechanism comprises two identical permanent permanent magnets 50a, 50b, each housed in a cavity of the body of the device 10.
  • a switch 2 is associated with each of these magnets permanent fixes 50a, 50b.
  • Each switch 2 is for example part of a separate electrical circuit and is housed in the housing 40, under a fixed permanent magnet 50a, 50b, offset towards the inside of the device 10 relative to the axis of revolution of the magnet fixed permanent with which it is associated.
  • the slide 43 of the actuating mechanism is formed so that the actuating member 30 accompanied by the movable permanent magnet 60 can take three distinct positions.
  • the fixed permanent magnets 50a, 50b are located on either side of the movable permanent magnet 60.
  • the movable permanent magnet 60 In a central axial position of the member actuation 30 in the slide 43, the movable permanent magnet 60 is equidistant from the two fixed permanent magnets 50a, 50b.
  • This middle position corresponds to a position remote from each of the fixed permanent magnets 50a, 50b.
  • This middle position of the actuating member 30 is maintained by the respective repulsion exerted on the movable permanent magnet 60 by each of the two fixed permanent magnets 50a, 50b.
  • the actuating member 30 can take two other positions in each of which it is close to one of the fixed permanent magnets 50a, 50b to switch the corresponding switch 2.
  • the membranes 20 of each switch are under the influence of the magnetic field M10 of their respective permanent permanent magnet 50a, 50b.
  • the curvature of the lines L10 of the magnetic fields M10 of each of these fixed permanent magnets 50a, 50b forces the membrane 20 of the switch 2 which is associated with it to take one of its positions.
  • the new magnetic couple formed forces the membrane 20 to tilt to its other position.
  • This principle can also be extended to the use of several fixed permanent magnets 50 distributed circularly around the mobile permanent magnet 60 (FIG. 4A).
  • a switch 2 is placed under each of the fixed permanent magnets 50 encircling the mobile permanent magnet 60, offset towards the inside of the device 10 relative to the axis of revolution of the fixed permanent magnet 50 with which it is associated.
  • the plurality of fixed permanent magnets distributed circularly can even be replaced by a single fixed permanent magnet 51 of toroidal shape encircling the mobile permanent magnet 60 and along which switches 2 are distributed (FIG. 4B).
  • the actuating member 30 used is multidirectional between a central position and positions close to each of the switches 2 distributed around it under a fixed permanent magnet 50 or under a portion of the torus formed by the fixed permanent magnet 51.
  • the actuating member 30 can for example be embodied by a control lever (not shown).
  • the operating principle is identical to that described above for the second configuration.
  • the movement of the actuating member 30 to a position close to one of the switches 2 therefore allows its switching.
  • the actuating member 60 is maintained in a central position by the repulsion exerted on the movable permanent magnet 60 by the fixed permanent magnets 50 distributed or by the permanent toric fixed magnet 51.
  • the switching device 100 is used as a rotary button or position detector with a rotary actuating member.
  • the device according to this second embodiment comprises a housing 400 structurally identical to the housing 40 used in the device according to the first embodiment.
  • the actuation mechanism differs in that the actuator 300 is no longer slippery but rotatable.
  • the actuating member 300 accompanied by the movable permanent magnet 600 are rotatable about an axis of rotation (R2) parallel to the main axis (A) in a recess 430 formed in the walls surmounting the housing 400.
  • FIGS. 5A to 7B the magnetic fields generated by the fixed permanent magnet (s) and by the mobile permanent magnet are symbolized by the vector (s) M100 and by the vector M200 and their respective field lines are referenced L100 and L200.
  • the mobile permanent magnet 600 when the device comprises a single fixed permanent magnet 500 associated with a switch, the mobile permanent magnet 600, by rotating, can take for example two distinct angular positions, a distant position in which the distal end relative to at its axis of rotation is distant from the fixed permanent magnet 500 ( Figure 5A) and a close position in which this distal end is close and adjacent to the fixed permanent magnet 500 ( Figure 5B).
  • the membrane of the switch 2 when the distal end of the movable permanent magnet is distant from the fixed permanent magnet 500, the membrane of the switch 2 is under the influence of the magnetic field M100 generated by the fixed permanent magnet 500. magnetic component generated in the membrane 20 requires said membrane 20 to take a position, for example an open position of the electrical circuit (Figure 5A).
  • the distal end of the movable permanent magnet 600 becomes adjacent to the fixed permanent magnet 500, which has the effect of reverse the curvature of the field lines L150 seen by the membrane 20 and therefore cause the membrane 20 to tilt to its other position, for example the closed position of the electrical circuit (FIG. 5B).
  • two or more fixed permanent magnets 500, 500a, 500b each associated with a switch 2 can be distributed circularly around the mobile permanent magnet 600 (FIGS. 6, 7A and 7B).
  • the rotating actuating member 300 is for example a multi-position selector, which can take several distinct angular positions in each of which it switches a switch 2 by angularly positioning the distal end of the movable permanent magnet 600 in front of the one of the fixed permanent magnets distributed 500, 500a, 500b or, if a fixed permanent magnet of toroidal shape 501 is used, by angularly positioning this distal end in front of one of the switches 2 distributed under the fixed permanent magnet 501 along its toroidal shape to reverse the curvature of the field lines L150 seen by the membrane 20.
  • the actuation mechanism may require a particular mechanical device to position the actuating member 300 rotating.
  • This mechanical device is not the subject of the present invention, it is therefore not described.
  • a magnetic shielding device can be used. This magnetic shielding is in particular produced to protect the switch or switches 2 housed in the housing 40 from a possible external magnetic field which could disturb their proper functioning.
  • the switch or switches 2 used can be configured, according to their orientation, normally open or normally closed. This means that when the movable permanent magnet 60, 600 is in the remote position, the membrane 20 can be in the closed position or in the open position of the electrical circuit.
  • a combination of normally open and normally closed switches distributed around the actuating member 30, 300 when the latter is at at least three positions, can be envisaged for certain applications.
  • the housing 40 in which the switch (s) 2 are housed can be completely closed, the actuation mechanism being external to the housing. This allows in particular to give the device a good seal and hermeticity and not to expose the electrical switch or switches to external aggressions.
  • the switching device 1 is a push button or position detector comprising a body 4, for example cylindrical, introduced into an opening formed through a wall P.
  • L ' actuating member 3 is mounted movable in translation along the main axis (A) in said body 4.
  • the actuating member 3 can take a rest position (FIG. 8, left part G) and a working position ( Figure 8, right part D) in which it is pressed into the body 4.
  • the switch 2 for switching the electrical circuit is fixed on a support 11 secured to the body 10. Electrodes 12 of the electrical circuit to be switched, secured to the support 11, extend towards the bottom of the device 1.
  • the fixed permanent magnet 5, for example in the form of a thin disc, is placed under the support 11 carrying the switch 2.
  • the movable permanent magnet 6, for example in the form of a thin disc, is mounted integral with the member. actuation 3.
  • the two permanent magnets 5, 6 are mounted symmetrically and perpendicularly to the main axis (A).
  • the two permanent magnets 5, 6 are placed in opposition, that is to say that their disc faces of the same pole (N for North and S for South) are placed opposite one another (for example North-North opposition in Figure 1), each having a direction of magnetization parallel to the main axis (A).
  • the vector M1, M2 of the magnetic field created by each of the magnets 5, 6 follows the direction of magnetization and is oriented conventionally in the South-North direction.
  • the magnetic field produced by each magnet is designated by M1 or M2.
  • a retaining device makes it possible to retain the actuating member 3 in its rest position.
  • This retaining device consists for example of two ferromagnetic parts 7, 8, a first ferromagnetic part 7 being integral with the actuating member 3 and a second ferromagnetic part 8 being integral with the body 4 of the device 1. These two parts 7 , 8 define between them a variable air gap as a function of the position of the actuating member 3 in the body 4.
  • the first ferromagnetic part 7 secured to the actuating member 3 may be composed for example of a plate disc shape.
  • the second ferromagnetic part 8 has for example a cylindrical shape covering the lateral internal wall of the body 4 and provided with a re-entrant collar at its upper edge.
  • the two ferromagnetic parts 7, 8 and a third ferromagnetic part 9 placed in the bottom of the body 4 provide the magnetic shielding of the device for:
  • switch 2 protects switch 2 from a possible external magnetic field which could disturb the proper functioning of switch 2.
  • the magnetic shielding is produced by the body 4 and the actuating member 3 which are then manufactured from ferromagnetic materials.
  • the tactile effect imparted by the retaining device can be characterized by a stroke / effort diagram (see FIG. 10) which shows the force or the force exerted on the actuating member 3 as a function of the stroke thereof. .
  • a stroke / effort diagram see FIG. 10
  • This tactile effect can be modified by varying different parameters such as:
  • the switch 2 is disposed between the two permanent magnets 5, 6 offset from the main axis (A) so that the magnetic fields M1, M2 of the two permanent magnets 5, 6 have a influence to maintain the membrane 20 in one or other of its positions.
  • the ferromagnetic membrane 20 When the actuator 3 is at rest (FIG. 9A), the ferromagnetic membrane 20 is under the preponderant influence of the magnetic field M1 created by the fixed permanent magnet 5.
  • the first magnetic field M1 created by the permanent magnet fixed 5 has lines L1 whose curvature creates a magnetic component in the membrane. The magnetic torque existing between this component and the magnetic field M1 forces the membrane 20 to be in a position, for example in the high position (FIG. 9A).
  • the new magnetic couple forces the membrane 20 to switch to its other position, to its lower position.
  • the membrane 20 under the influence of the magnetic field M2, the membrane 20 therefore switches over to its low position corresponding, for example, to the closing of the electrical circuit.
  • the return of the actuating member 3 to its rest position is achieved by the repulsion force exerted between the two permanent magnets 5, 6 in opposition as well as by the force of attraction exerted between the two ferromagnetic parts 7, 8 as and when the actuator 3 rises.
  • the orientation of the switch 2 with respect to the magnetic fields created by the two permanent magnets 5, 6, makes it possible to configure it "normally open” or "normally closed”. This means that when the actuating member is in its rest position, according to its orientation relative to the magnetic fields, the membrane 20 can be in the high position (FIG. 12A) or in the low position (FIG. 12B).
  • the mobile permanent magnet 6 and the first ferromagnetic part 7 consist of one and the same permanent magnet, for example in the form of a disc.
  • the radial symmetry of the permanent magnets 7, 8 allows a circular distribution of several switches 2 in the same device.
  • the switches can therefore be actuated by the same actuating member 3.
  • the retaining device can be replaced or supplemented by an elastic prestressed structure forming a blistering effect when the actuator.
  • the elastic structure undergoes a sudden transformation rapidly causing the actuating member at the end of the stroke when a determined force is exerted on the actuating member. During the sudden transformation, the force felt by the user decreases sharply. The abrupt transformation gives the user a special tactile impression and guarantees the exercise of minimal force to switch the electrical circuit.
  • the elastic structure can act as a spring to bring the actuating member back to its rest position as well as the role of a waterproof membrane.

Abstract

The invention relates to an electric circuit switching device (1, 10, 100) comprising a body (4, 40, 400), an actuating member (3, 30, 300) which is movable in the body between at least two positions and acts by magnetic effect on an electric switch movable element (2) in such a way that the electric circuit is switchable between two positions, i.e., the open and closed positions thereof, wherein the inventive device comprises a fixed permanent magnet (5, 50, 500) and a movable permanent magnet (6, 60, 600) connected to the actuating member (3, 30, 300). The modification of the actuating member (3, 30, 300) position causes the modification of the direction of magnetic field lines produced by said permanent magnets (5, 50, 500, 6, 60, 600) near the movable element, thereby generating the electric circuit switching. Said device can be used in the form of a sliding-, push- and turning switch button.

Description

Dispositif de commutation d'un circuit électrique utilisant au moins deux aimants permanents.Switching device of an electrical circuit using at least two permanent magnets.
La présente invention se rapporte à un dispositif de commutation d'un circuit électrique comportant un organe d'actionnement mobile, agissant par effet magnétique sur un interrupteur pour commuter le circuit électrique. L'invention concerne plus particulièrement un dispositif de commutation pouvant être utilisé comme bouton- poussoir, détecteur de position, bouton glissant ou bouton tournant.The present invention relates to a device for switching an electrical circuit comprising a movable actuating member, acting by magnetic effect on a switch for switching the electrical circuit. The invention relates more particularly to a switching device which can be used as a push button, position detector, sliding button or rotary button.
Il est connu par le brevet US 3,921 ,108 un ensemble de type bouton-poussoir comportant un organe d'actionnement mobile en translation entre une position de repos et une position de travail et apte à mettre en mouvement un aimant permanent logé dans le bouton-poussoir. L'aimant permanent est monté rotatif sur un ressort à lame bombé sur lequel agit l'organe d'actionnement. Au repos, l'aimant permanent est incliné par rapport à l'axe de l'ensemble et est apte à suivre un mouvement de rotation lorsque l'organe d'actionnement agit sur le ressort. L'aimant permanent est apte à piloter par effet magnétique un interrupteur de type "reed" pour commuter un circuit électrique. La position de l'aimant permanent par rapport à l'interrupteur permet de venir fermer ou ouvrir le circuit électrique. Lorsque l'organe d'actionnement est enfoncé, l'aimant permanent est approché de l'interrupteur, entraînant par effet magnétique le rapprochement de deux lames souples de l'interrupteur et donc la fermeture du circuit électrique. En éloignant l'aimant permanent de l'interrupteur, par le seul effet mécanique, les lames souples s'écartent pour ouvrir le circuit électrique. Un tel ensemble est inapproprié pour commander des interrupteurs de petite taille et sa mise en œuvre est délicate.US Pat. No. 3,921,108 discloses a push button type assembly comprising an actuator movable in translation between a rest position and a working position and capable of setting in motion a permanent magnet housed in the button. pusher. The permanent magnet is rotatably mounted on a domed leaf spring on which the actuator acts. At rest, the permanent magnet is inclined relative to the axis of the assembly and is able to follow a rotational movement when the actuating member acts on the spring. The permanent magnet is able to control by magnetic effect a "reed" type switch to switch an electrical circuit. The position of the permanent magnet relative to the switch allows to close or open the electrical circuit. When the actuating member is pressed, the permanent magnet is approached by the switch, causing by magnetic effect the bringing together of two flexible blades of the switch and therefore the closing of the electrical circuit. By moving the permanent magnet away from the switch, by the only mechanical effect, the flexible blades move apart to open the electrical circuit. Such an assembly is inappropriate for controlling small switches and its implementation is delicate.
Il est également connu par le document EP 0 283 781 un dispositif de commutation apte à être utilisé dans un système de sauvetage en mer. Ce dispositif comporte notamment un interrupteur de type "reed" qui comprend deux lames souples pouvant se rapprocher sous l'influence d'un champ magnétique pour fermer un circuit électrique. Le dispositif comprend en outre un aimant permanent fixe d'aimantation axiale dont le champ magnétique impose le rapprochement des deux lames souples et un aimant permanent mobile également d'aimantation axiale et de même sens que celle de l'aimant permanent fixe qui lorsqu'il est approché impose l'ouverture de l'interrupteur. Le mouvement de l'aimant permanent mobile est réalisé par le niveau de l'eau présente dans une cavité du dispositif. Le principe de fonctionnement décrit dans ce document n'est pas adapté pour être utilisé dans un bouton poussoir, détecteur de position ou bouton glissant. Le but de l'invention est de proposer un dispositif de commutation d'un circuit électrique adapté pour commuter des interrupteurs miniatures et présentant une structure et un fonctionnement simples.It is also known from document EP 0 283 781 a switching device able to be used in a sea rescue system. This device notably comprises a "reed" type switch which includes two flexible blades which can be brought together under the influence a magnetic field to close an electrical circuit. The device also comprises a permanent permanent magnet with axial magnetization, the magnetic field of which forces the two flexible blades to move together, and a mobile permanent magnet also with axial magnetization and in the same direction as that of the fixed permanent magnet which, when is approached requires the opening of the switch. The movement of the movable permanent magnet is achieved by the level of water present in a cavity of the device. The operating principle described in this document is not suitable for use in a push button, position detector or sliding button. The object of the invention is to provide a device for switching an electrical circuit suitable for switching miniature switches and having a simple structure and operation.
Ce but est atteint par un dispositif de commutation d'un circuit électrique comprenant un corps, un organe d'actionnement mobile dans le corps entre au moins deux positions et apte à agir par effet magnétique sur un élément mobile d'au moins un interrupteur électrique, pour commuter le circuit électrique entre deux positions, une position d'ouverture du circuit électrique et une position de fermeture dudit circuit électrique, caractérisé en ce que :This object is achieved by a device for switching an electrical circuit comprising a body, an actuating member movable in the body between at least two positions and capable of acting by magnetic effect on a movable element of at least one electrical switch. , to switch the electrical circuit between two positions, an open position of the electrical circuit and a closed position of said electrical circuit, characterized in that:
- Le dispositif comporte au moins deux aimants permanents en opposition pour créer entre eux un effet magnétique de répulsion, les deux aimants permanents comprenant au moins un aimant permanent fixe et un aimant permanent mobile solidaire de l'organe d'actionnement, Le changement de position de l'organe d'actionnement entraîne un changement de direction des lignes de champ magnétique créé par lesdits aimants permanents au voisinage de l'élément mobile, provoquant la commutation du circuit électrique.- The device comprises at least two permanent magnets in opposition to create between them a magnetic repulsion effect, the two permanent magnets comprising at least one fixed permanent magnet and a mobile permanent magnet secured to the actuating member, The change of position of the actuating member causes a change of direction of the magnetic field lines created by said permanent magnets in the vicinity of the movable element, causing the switching of the electrical circuit.
Selon l'invention, le contact électrique fermé par effet magnétique permet de rendre la résistance de contact ohmique indépendante de la force exercée par l'opérateur. Cette résistance est donc parfaitement reproductible à chaque manipulation.According to the invention, the electrical contact closed by magnetic effect makes it possible to make the ohmic contact resistance independent of the force exerted by the operator. This resistance is therefore perfectly reproducible at each manipulation.
En outre, le fonctionnement du dispositif est parfaitement constant au cours du temps, l'organe d'actionnement étant sollicité en mouvement non pas par un ressort mécanique mais par l'effet magnétique de répulsion s'exerçant entre les deux aimants en opposition. En outre l'effet magnétique de répulsion confère à l'utilisateur un effet tactile particulier lors de la pression sur l'organe d'actionnement.In addition, the operation of the device is perfectly constant over time, the actuating member being stressed in movement not by a mechanical spring but by the magnetic repulsion effect exerted between the two magnets in opposition. In addition, the magnetic repulsion effect gives the user a particular tactile effect when the actuator is pressed.
Selon l'invention, les deux aimants permanents participent ensemble pour réaliser une commutation sans contact du circuit électrique et pour permettre le retour de l'organe d'actionnement en position initiale. Selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention, l'aimant permanent mobile est mobile en translation entre au moins deux positions dans un plan principal parallèle à un substrat sur lequel est monté l'élément mobile.According to the invention, the two permanent magnets participate together to achieve contactless switching of the electrical circuit and to allow the actuator to return to the initial position. According to a first embodiment of the invention, the movable permanent magnet is movable in translation between at least two positions in a main plane parallel to a substrate on which the movable element is mounted.
Selon une particularité de ce premier mode de réalisation, l'aimant permanent fixe et l'aimant permanent mobile présentent des aimantations de direction perpendiculaire au plan principal et orientées dans un même sens, les deux aimants étant en opposition par leur tranche. Ainsi, après action sur l'organe d'actionnement, l'aimant permanent mobile est rappelé automatiquement vers sa position initiale par répulsion magnétique avec l'aimant permanent fixe, entraînant ainsi également l'organe d'actionnement vers sa position initiale, par exemple une position de repos.According to a feature of this first embodiment, the fixed permanent magnet and the mobile permanent magnet have magnetizations of direction perpendicular to the main plane and oriented in the same direction, the two magnets being in opposition by their edges. Thus, after action on the actuating member, the movable permanent magnet is automatically returned to its initial position by magnetic repulsion with the fixed permanent magnet, thus also causing the actuating member to its initial position, for example a rest position.
Dans le dispositif d'actionnement selon l'invention, l'emploi d'un dispositif de rappel mécanique de l'organe d'actionnement, tel qu'un ressort, n'est donc pas nécessaire.In the actuating device according to the invention, the use of a mechanical return device of the actuating member, such as a spring, is therefore not necessary.
Selon une autre particularité, lorsque l'aimant permanent mobile est dans une position éloignée par rapport à l'aimant permanent fixe, l'élément mobile est maintenu dans une position imposée par la courbure des lignes de champ du champ magnétique créé par l'aimant permanent mobile. Dans ce cas, l'interrupteur est donc placé sous l'aimant permanent mobile.According to another particular feature, when the mobile permanent magnet is in a position distant from the fixed permanent magnet, the mobile element is maintained in a position imposed by the curvature of the field lines of the magnetic field created by the magnet permanent mobile. In this case, the switch is therefore placed under the movable permanent magnet.
Selon une autre particularité, lorsque l'aimant permanent mobile est dans une position éloignée par rapport à l'aimant permanent fixe, l'élément mobile est maintenu dans une position par inversion de la courbure des lignes de champ provoquée sous l'influence prépondérante du champ magnétique créé par l'aimant permanent fixe.According to another particular feature, when the movable permanent magnet is in a position remote from the fixed permanent magnet, the movable element is maintained in a position by reversing the curvature of the field lines caused by the preponderant influence of the magnetic field created by the fixed permanent magnet.
Dans ce cas, l'interrupteur est placé sous l'aimant permanent fixe.In this case, the switch is placed under the fixed permanent magnet.
Selon une configuration particulière de ce premier mode de réalisation, le dispositif comporte une pluralité d'interrupteurs et l'aimant permanent mobile peut prendre plusieurs positions distinctes pour, dans chacune de ces positions, commuter un ou plusieurs des interrupteurs. L'organe d'actionnement est par exemple un levier de commande ou un bouton directionnel.According to a particular configuration of this first embodiment, the device comprises a plurality of switches and the movable permanent magnet can take several distinct positions to, in each of these positions, switch one or more of the switches. The actuating member is for example a control lever or a directional button.
Dans cette configuration, l'aimant permanent fixe peut présenter une forme torique, et encercler l'aimant permanent mobile. Les interrupteurs sont alors distribués circulairement le long de la forme torique de l'aimant permanent fixe et l'aimant permanent mobile est multidirectionnel entre une position d'équilibre centrale et des positions rapprochées de chacun des interrupteurs pour pouvoir commuter chacun d'entre eux.In this configuration, the fixed permanent magnet can have a toroidal shape, and encircle the mobile permanent magnet. The switches are then distributed circularly along the toroidal shape of the fixed permanent magnet and the mobile permanent magnet is multidirectional between a central equilibrium position and close positions of each of the switches in order to be able to switch each of them.
Dans cette configuration, chaque interrupteur peut également être associé à un aimant permanent fixe. Les aimants permanents fixes sont distribués, par exemple circulairement, autour de l'aimant permanent mobile. L'aimant permanent mobile est multidirectionnel et peut prendre une position médiane, par exemple centrale, par rapport aux aimants permanents fixes et une position rapprochée de chacun des aimants permanents fixes pour commuter l'interrupteur qui leur est associé.In this configuration, each switch can also be associated with a fixed permanent magnet. The fixed permanent magnets are distributed, for example circularly, around the mobile permanent magnet. The movable permanent magnet is multidirectional and can take a middle position, for example central, relative to the fixed permanent magnets and a close position of each of the fixed permanent magnets to switch the switch associated with them.
Le dispositif selon ce premier mode de réalisation peut également comporter un dispositif de retenue magnétique nécessitant un effort minimal à exercer sur l'organe d'actionnement pour entamer son mouvement. Ce dispositif de retenue comporte par exemple une pièce ferromagnétique montée sur le corps du dispositif contre laquelle s'appuie l'aimant permanent mobile lorsque l'organe d'actionnement est dans l'une de ses positions. L'aimant permanent mobile est donc en interaction magnétique à la fois avec l'aimant permanent fixe pour le retour en positon initiale mais également avec la pièce ferromagnétique du dispositif de retenue. La sensation tactile particulière ressentie par l'utilisateur lors d'une pression sur l'organe d'actionnement résulte donc de la combinaison entre l'effet magnétique de répulsion s'exerçant entre l'aimant permanent mobile et l'aimant permanent fixe et l'effet magnétique d'attraction s'exerçant entre l'aimant permanent mobile et la pièce ferromagnétique du dispositif de retenue. Cette sensation tactile ne risque pas de s'altérer au cours du temps puisqu'elle est réalisée simplement par la combinaison de ces différents effets magnétiques.The device according to this first embodiment may also include a magnetic retaining device requiring minimal effort to be exerted on the actuating member to start its movement. This retaining device comprises for example a ferromagnetic part mounted on the body of the device against which the movable permanent magnet bears when the actuating member is in one of its positions. The mobile permanent magnet is therefore in magnetic interaction both with the fixed permanent magnet for the return to the initial position but also with the ferromagnetic part of the retaining device. The particular tactile sensation felt by the user when the actuating member is pressed therefore results from the combination of the magnetic repelling effect exerted between the movable permanent magnet and the fixed permanent magnet and the magnetic attraction effect exerted between the mobile permanent magnet and the ferromagnetic part of the retaining device. This tactile sensation is not likely to deteriorate over time since it is achieved simply by the combination of these different magnetic effects.
Selon un second mode de réalisation du dispositif selon l'invention, l'aimant permanent mobile est mobile en rotation entre au moins deux positions autour d'un axe perpendiculaire à un plan principal parallèle à un substrat sur lequel est monté l'élément mobile. L'aimant permanent mobile peut prendre une position dite éloignée dans laquelle son extrémité distale est tournée, par exemple de 180° par rapport à l'aimant permanent fixe de sorte que le champ magnétique créé par l'aimant permanent mobile a une influence faible voire nulle sur l'interrupteur et une position dite rapprochée dans laquelle l'extrémité distale de l'aimant permanent mobile est adjacente à l'aimant permanent mobile pour commuter l'interrupteur.According to a second embodiment of the device according to the invention, the movable permanent magnet is rotatable between at least two positions around an axis perpendicular to a main plane parallel to a substrate on which the movable element is mounted. The mobile permanent magnet can take a so-called distant position in which its distal end is rotated, for example by 180 ° relative to the fixed permanent magnet so that the magnetic field created by the mobile permanent magnet has little or even influence. zero on the switch and a so-called close position in which the distal end of the movable permanent magnet is adjacent to the movable permanent magnet for switching the switch.
Selon une particularité de ce second mode de réalisation, l'aimant permanent fixe et l'aimant permanent mobile présentent des aimantations de direction perpendiculaire au plan principal et orientées dans un même sens.According to a feature of this second embodiment, the fixed permanent magnet and the mobile permanent magnet have magnetizations of direction perpendicular to the main plane and oriented in the same direction.
Selon une autre particularité, lorsque l'aimant permanent mobile est dans une position dans laquelle son extrémité distale est éloignée par rapport à l'aimant permanent fixe, l'élément mobile est maintenu dans une position sous l'influence du premier champ magnétique. Selon une configuration de ce second mode de réalisation, le dispositif comporte une pluralité d'interrupteurs et l'aimant permanent mobile peut prendre plusieurs positions angulaires distinctes pour, dans chacune de ses positions, commuter un ou plusieurs de ces interrupteurs. Dans cette configuration, l'aimant permanent fixe peut présenter une forme torique, encerclant l'aimant permanent mobile. Les interrupteurs sont alors distribués circulairement le long de la forme torique de l'aimant permanent fixe. L'aimant permanent mobile peut prendre en rotation plusieurs positions angulaires distinctes dans chacune desquelles son extrémité distale est adjacente de l'un des interrupteurs. Dans cette configuration, chaque interrupteur peut également être associé à un aimant permanent fixe, les aimants permanents fixes étant répartis, par exemple circulairement, autour de l'aimant permanent mobile. L'aimant permanent mobile peut alors prendre en rotation plusieurs positions angulaires distinctes dans chacune desquelles son extrémité distale est adjacente de l'un des interrupteurs. Dans les deux premiers modes de réalisation le ou les interrupteurs peuvent être enfermés dans un boîtier par exemple hermétique et étanche afin d'éviter toute pénétration de poussière pouvant perturber le fonctionnement du dispositif. Un mécanisme d'actionnement du ou des interrupteurs, comportant l'aimant permanent fixe et l'aimant permanent mobile, est alors par exemple situé à l'extérieur du boîtier pour commander le ou les interrupteurs.According to another particular feature, when the mobile permanent magnet is in a position in which its distal end is distant from the fixed permanent magnet, the mobile element is maintained in a position under the influence of the first magnetic field. According to a configuration of this second embodiment, the device comprises a plurality of switches and the mobile permanent magnet can take several distinct angular positions so as to, in each of its positions, switch one or more of these switches. In this configuration, the fixed permanent magnet can have a toroidal shape, encircling the mobile permanent magnet. The switches are then distributed circularly along the toroidal shape of the fixed permanent magnet. The movable permanent magnet can rotate in several different angular positions in each of which its distal end is adjacent to one of the switches. In this configuration, each switch can also be associated with a fixed permanent magnet, the fixed permanent magnets being distributed, for example circularly, around the mobile permanent magnet. The movable permanent magnet can then assume in rotation several distinct angular positions in each of which its distal end is adjacent to one of the switches. In the first two embodiments, the switch or switches can be enclosed in a hermetic and watertight case, for example, in order to avoid any penetration of dust which could disturb the operation of the device. An actuation mechanism of the switch or switches, comprising the fixed permanent magnet and the mobile permanent magnet, is then for example located outside the housing to control the switch or switches.
Selon un troisième mode de réalisation du dispositif selon l'invention, l'aimant permanent mobile et l'aimant permanent fixe sont superposés et l'aimant permanent mobile est mobile en translation entre deux positions suivant un axe principal perpendiculaire à un substrat sur lequel est monté l'élément mobile.According to a third embodiment of the device according to the invention, the mobile permanent magnet and the fixed permanent magnet are superimposed and the mobile permanent magnet is movable in translation between two positions along a main axis perpendicular to a substrate on which is mounted the movable element.
Selon une particularité de ce troisième mode de réalisation, l'aimant permanent fixe et l'aimant permanent mobile présentent des aimantations de direction parallèle à l'axe principal et orientées dans des sens opposés. L'opposition des deux aimants permanents est ainsi réalisée par leurs deux faces principales en vis-à-vis. Après pression sur l'organe d'actionnement, l'aimant permanent mobile est ainsi rappelé automatiquement vers sa position initiale par répulsion magnétique avec l'aimant permanent fixe, entraînant ainsi l'organe d'actionnement vers sa position initiale, par exemple une position de repos. Comme dans le premier mode de réalisation, l'emploi d'un dispositif spécifique pour rappeler l'organe d'actionnement vers sa position initiale n'est donc pas nécessaire. Selon une autre particularité, l'élément mobile est disposé entre les deux aimants permanents.According to a feature of this third embodiment, the fixed permanent magnet and the mobile permanent magnet have magnetizations of direction parallel to the main axis and oriented in opposite directions. The opposition of the two permanent magnets is thus achieved by their two main faces facing each other. After pressing the actuating member, the movable permanent magnet is thus automatically returned to its initial position by magnetic repulsion with the fixed permanent magnet, thus driving the actuating member to its initial position, for example a position rest. As in the first embodiment, the use of a specific device to return the actuating member to its initial position is therefore not necessary. In another feature, the movable member is disposed between the two permanent magnets.
Selon une autre particularité, lorsque l'aimant permanent mobile est dans une position éloignée par rapport à l'aimant permanent fixe, l'élément mobile est maintenu dans une position imposée par la courbure des lignes de champ du premier champ magnétique.According to another particular feature, when the mobile permanent magnet is in a position distant from the fixed permanent magnet, the mobile element is maintained in a position imposed by the curvature of the field lines of the first magnetic field.
Selon une autre particularité, lorsque l'aimant permanent mobile est dans une position rapprochée par rapport à l'aimant permanent fixe, l'élément mobile est maintenu dans une position par inversion des lignes de champ provoquée sous l'influence prépondérante du second champ magnétique.According to another particular feature, when the movable permanent magnet is in a position close to the fixed permanent magnet, the movable element is maintained in a position by inversion of the field lines caused by the preponderant influence of the second magnetic field .
Selon une autre particularité, l'aimant permanent fixe et l'aimant permanent mobile sont disposés symétriquement dans le dispositif par rapport à l'axe principal et l'élément mobile est décalé par rapport à l'axe principal.According to another particular feature, the fixed permanent magnet and the mobile permanent magnet are arranged symmetrically in the device relative to the main axis and the mobile element is offset with respect to the main axis.
Selon une autre particularité, le dispositif selon ce troisième mode de réalisation comporte plusieurs interrupteurs décalés par rapport à l'axe principal. Les interrupteurs sont par exemple disposés symétriquement par rapport à l'axe principal.According to another particularity, the device according to this third embodiment comprises several switches offset with respect to the main axis. The switches are for example arranged symmetrically with respect to the main axis.
Selon une autre particularité, l'organe d'actionnement peut comporter une structure ou membrane élastique à transformation brusque. Cette structure peut permettre de conférer une sensation tactile à l'utilisateur du dispositif. Selon une autre particularité, le dispositif selon ce troisième mode de réalisation peut comporter un dispositif de retenue magnétique de l'organe d'actionnement nécessitant un effort minimal à exercer sur l'organe d'actionnement pour entamer son mouvement. Le dispositif de retenue magnétique comporte au moins une pièce ferromagnétique fixe montée sur le corps et en attraction magnétique avec l'aimant permanent mobile lorsque l'organe d'actionnement est dans l'une de ses positions, par exemple sa position de repos. Le dispositif de retenue peut également comporter deux pièces ferromagnétiques en attraction magnétique lorsque l'organe d'actionnement est dans l'une de ses positions, une première pièce étant montée sur l'organe d'actionnement et une seconde pièce étant montée sur le corps du dispositif. Lors d'une pression sur l'organe d'actionnement, l'utilisateur ressent un effet tactile particulier réalisée par la combinaison de l'effet magnétique de répulsion s'exerçant entre l'aimant permanent mobile et l'aimant permanent fixe et de l'effet magnétique d'attraction s'exerçant, selon les variantes, entre les deux pièces ferromagnétiques du dispositif de retenue ou entre l'aimant permanent mobile et une pièce ferromagnétique fixe. Selon l'invention, l'élément mobile est par exemple une membrane pivotante montée sur un substrat et portant à l'une de ses extrémités un contact électrique établissant la jonction électrique entre deux contacts fixes disposés sur le substrat lorsque la membrane est dans la position de fermeture du circuit électrique. Selon l'invention, le dispositif peut comporter un dispositif de blindage magnétique. Ce dispositif de blindage permet par exemple de protéger les interrupteurs des influences magnétiques extérieures.According to another particular feature, the actuating member may include an abruptly transforming elastic structure or membrane. This structure can make it possible to impart a tactile sensation to the user of the device. According to another particular feature, the device according to this third embodiment may include a magnetic retaining device for the actuating member requiring minimal effort to be exerted on the actuating member to start its movement. The magnetic retaining device comprises at least one fixed ferromagnetic part mounted on the body and in magnetic attraction with the movable permanent magnet when the actuating member is in one of its positions, for example its rest position. The retaining device can also comprise two ferromagnetic parts in magnetic attraction when the actuating member is in one of its positions, a first part being mounted on the actuating member and a second part being mounted on the body. of the device. When the actuator is pressed, the user feels a particular tactile effect produced by the combination of the magnetic repelling effect exerted between the movable permanent magnet and the fixed permanent magnet and the 'magnetic attraction effect exerted, depending on the variant, between the two ferromagnetic parts of the retaining device or between the movable permanent magnet and a fixed ferromagnetic part. According to the invention, the mobile element is for example a pivoting membrane mounted on a substrate and carrying at one of its ends an electrical contact establishing the electrical junction between two fixed contacts disposed on the substrate when the membrane is in the position closing the electrical circuit. According to the invention, the device can include a magnetic shielding device. This shielding device makes it possible, for example, to protect the switches from external magnetic influences.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages vont apparaître dans la description détaillée qui suit en se référant à un mode de réalisation donné à titre d'exemple et représenté par les dessins annexés sur lesquels :Other characteristics and advantages will appear in the detailed description which follows with reference to an embodiment given by way of example and represented by the appended drawings in which:
- Les figures 1A à 3B représentent en coupe axiale différentes configurations d'un dispositif de commutation selon l'invention comportant un organe d'actionnement glissant.- Figures 1A to 3B show in axial section different configurations of a switching device according to the invention comprising a sliding actuator.
Les figures 4A et 4B représentent schématiquement en vue de dessus deux configurations d'un dispositif de commutation selon l'invention comportant un organe d'actionnement glissant.Figures 4A and 4B schematically show a top view of two configurations of a switching device according to the invention comprising a sliding actuating member.
Les figures 5A à 6 représentent en coupe axiale différentes configurations d'un dispositif de commutation selon l'invention comportant un organe d'actionnement tournant.FIGS. 5A to 6 show in axial section different configurations of a switching device according to the invention comprising a rotating actuating member.
- Les figures 7A et 7B représentent schématiquement en vue de dessus deux configurations d'un dispositif de commutation selon l'invention comportant un organe d'actionnement tournant. - La figure 8 représente schématiquement le dispositif de commutation selon l'invention comportant un organe d'actionnement de type poussoir. Sur la partie gauche (G) de la figure 8, l'organe d'actionnement est montré au repos tandis que sur la partie droite (D) l'organe d'actionnement est montré enfoncé. - Les figures 9A et 9B représentent la position des aimants permanents dans le dispositif de commutation de la figure 8 lorsque l'organe d'actionnement est, respectivement, au repos ou enfoncé et l'influence du champ magnétique créé par chacun des aimants du dispositif de commutation. - La figure 10 représente un exemple de diagramme course/effort obtenu avec le dispositif de commutation représenté en figure 8.- Figures 7A and 7B schematically show a top view of two configurations of a switching device according to the invention comprising a rotating actuating member. - Figure 8 schematically shows the switching device according to the invention comprising a push-type actuating member. On the left part (G) of Figure 8, the actuator is shown at rest while on the right part (D) the actuator is shown pressed. - Figures 9A and 9B show the position of the permanent magnets in the switching device of Figure 8 when the actuator is, respectively, at rest or pressed and the influence of the magnetic field created by each of the magnets of the device of commutation. FIG. 10 represents an example of the stroke / force diagram obtained with the switching device shown in FIG. 8.
La figure 11 représente un interrupteur selon l'invention dont la membrane est au repos. - Les figures 12A et 12B illustrent les positions prises par la membrane sous l'influence d'un champ magnétique.FIG. 11 represents a switch according to the invention, the membrane of which is at rest. - Figures 12A and 12B illustrate the positions taken by the membrane under the influence of a magnetic field.
Pour la suite de la description, on définit un axe, dit axe principal (A), traversant le dispositif de commutation suivant une direction verticale. Les termes "haut", "bas", "inférieur", "supérieur" doivent être compris en prenant comme référence l'axe principal (A).For the remainder of the description, an axis is defined, called the main axis (A), passing through the switching device in a vertical direction. The terms "top", "bottom", "bottom", "top" must be understood by taking as a reference the main axis (A).
Le principe de l'invention repose sur l'utilisation d'au moins deux aimants permanents (5, 6, 50, 60, 500, 600) dans un dispositif de commutation (1 , 10, 100) d'un circuit électrique tel qu'un bouton poussoir, un interrupteur ou détecteur de position, un bouton glissant ou un bouton tournant.The principle of the invention is based on the use of at least two permanent magnets (5, 6, 50, 60, 500, 600) in a switching device (1, 10, 100) of an electric circuit such that '' a push button, a position switch or detector, a sliding button or a rotary button.
Le dispositif de commutation (1 , 10, 100) comporte un aimant permanent mobile (6, 60, 600) solidaire d'un organe d'actionnement (3, 30, 300) du dispositif et au moins un aimant permanent fixe (5, 50, 500). Selon le type de dispositif de commutation utilisé, l'organe d'actionnement (3,The switching device (1, 10, 100) comprises a movable permanent magnet (6, 60, 600) integral with an actuating member (3, 30, 300) of the device and at least one fixed permanent magnet (5, 50, 500). Depending on the type of switching device used, the actuator (3,
30, 300) est mobile en translation suivant une direction verticale comme dans un bouton poussoir (figures 8 à 9B), suivant une direction horizontale comme dans un bouton glissant (figures 1 A à 4B) ou est rotatif comme dans un bouton tournant (figures 5A à 7B). Le dispositif de commutation (1 , 10, 100) peut également être utilisé comme détecteur de position utilisant un organe d'actionnement de type poussoir, glissant ou rotatif.30, 300) is movable in translation in a vertical direction as in a push button (Figures 8 to 9B), in a horizontal direction as in a sliding button (Figures 1 A to 4B) or is rotatable as in a rotary button (Figures 5A to 7B). The switching device (1, 10, 100) can also be used as a position detector using a push-type, sliding or rotary actuating member.
Le déplacement de l'organe d'actionnement (3, 30, 300) agit par effet magnétique sur un ou plusieurs interrupteurs 2 sensibles aux champs magnétiques.The movement of the actuating member (3, 30, 300) acts by magnetic effect on one or more switches 2 sensitive to magnetic fields.
Un interrupteur 2 (figure 11 ) comporte un élément mobile pouvant prendre deux positions, l'une d'elle correspondant à la fermeture d'un circuit électrique (figure 12B) et l'autre correspondant à l'ouverture de ce circuit (figure 12A). L'élément mobile est par exemple constitué d'une membrane 20 ferromagnétique miniature montée sur un substrat 24 perpendiculaire à l'axe principal (A) et dotée d'une partie en matériau ferromagnétique. L'interrupteur 2 peut être réalisé en technologie planaire de type MEMS (en anglais "Micro ElectroMechanical System") ou en technologie de laminage de type PCB ("Printed Circuit Board") ou "flex" ("Flexible printed circuit board"). La membrane 20 porte un contact mobile 21 apte à venir relier électriquement deux contacts fixes 25, 26 disposés sur le substrat 24 lorsqu'elle est dans une position basse de fermeture du circuit électrique. La membrane 20 de l'interrupteur 2 peut être pilotée par effet magnétique pour pivoter autour d'un axe de rotation (R) perpendiculaire à l'axe (A) principal et parallèle au substrat 24 entre une position haute d'ouverture du circuit électrique (figure 12A) et sa position basse de fermeture du circuit électrique (figure 12B). Elle est reliée à un plot d'ancrage 23 par exemple par l'intermédiaire de deux bras 22a, 22b sollicités en flexion. Bien entendu, d'autres réalisations de l'interrupteur 2 peuvent être envisagées. Les références numériques employées ci-dessus pour décrire l'interrupteur 2 sont conservées dans la description de tous les modes de réalisation du dispositif selon l'invention.A switch 2 (Figure 11) has a movable element which can take two positions, one of which corresponds to the closing of an electrical circuit (Figure 12B) and the other corresponding to the opening of this circuit (Figure 12A ). The mobile element is for example constituted by a miniature ferromagnetic membrane 20 mounted on a substrate 24 perpendicular to the main axis (A) and provided with a part made of ferromagnetic material. The switch 2 can be produced in planar MEMS type technology (in English "Micro ElectroMechanical System") or in laminating technology of PCB type ("Printed Circuit Board") or "flex"("Flexible printed circuit board"). The membrane 20 carries a movable contact 21 capable of coming to electrically connect two fixed contacts 25, 26 disposed on the substrate 24 when it is in a low position for closing the electrical circuit. The membrane 20 of the switch 2 can be controlled by magnetic effect to pivot around an axis of rotation (R) perpendicular to the main axis (A) and parallel to the substrate 24 between a high position for opening the electrical circuit. (Figure 12A) and its low position for closing the electrical circuit (Figure 12B). It is connected to an anchoring stud 23 for example by means of two arms 22a, 22b subjected to bending. Of course, other embodiments of the switch 2 can be envisaged. The numerical references used above to describe the switch 2 are kept in the description of all the embodiments of the device according to the invention.
Dans un premier mode de réalisation représenté aux figures 1 A à 4B, le dispositif de commutation 10 selon l'invention est utilisé comme bouton glissant ou détecteur de position utilisant un organe d'actionnement glissant.In a first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1A to 4B, the switching device 10 according to the invention is used as a sliding button or a position detector using a sliding actuating member.
Selon ce premier mode de réalisation, le dispositif 10 comporte un corps constitué d'un boîtier 40 fermé doté notamment d'une paroi supérieure 41 perpendiculaire à l'axe principal (A) et d'une paroi latérale 42 circulaire et de parois surmontant le boîtier 40 et recevant un mécanisme d'actionnement.According to this first embodiment, the device 10 comprises a body consisting of a closed housing 40 provided in particular with an upper wall 41 perpendicular to the main axis (A) and a circular side wall 42 and walls surmounting the housing 40 and receiving an actuation mechanism.
Les parois surmontant le boîtier 40 forment une cavité aux dimensions externes de l'aimant permanent fixe 50, une glissière 43 définissant la longueur de course de l'organe d'actionnement 30 et une ouverture 44 sur le dessus débouchant sur la glissière 43. L'aimant permanent mobile 60 et l'aimant permanent fixe 50 sont par exemple identiques, de section circulaire, symétriques par rapport à leur axe respectif de révolution et disposés à plat sur la paroi supérieure 41 du boîtier 40. D'autres formes d'aimant peuvent être envisagées.The walls surmounting the housing 40 form a cavity with the external dimensions of the fixed permanent magnet 50, a slide 43 defining the length of travel of the actuating member 30 and an opening 44 on the top opening onto the slide 43. L movable permanent magnet 60 and the fixed permanent magnet 50 are for example identical, of circular section, symmetrical with respect to their respective axis of revolution and arranged flat on the upper wall 41 of the housing 40. Other forms of magnet can be considered.
Le mécanisme d'actionnement comporte : - l'aimant permanent fixe 50 logé dans la cavité,The actuation mechanism includes: - the fixed permanent magnet 50 housed in the cavity,
- l'ensemble mobile formé par l'organe d'actionnement 30 et l'aimant permanent mobile 60 solidaire de l'organe d'actionnement 30. Cet ensemble est monté coulissant sur la paroi supérieure 41 du boîtier 40, dans la glissière 43 du mécanisme.- The movable assembly formed by the actuating member 30 and the movable permanent magnet 60 integral with the actuating member 30. This assembly is slidably mounted on the upper wall 41 of the housing 40, in the slide 43 of the mechanism.
Un plot faisant saillie à travers l'ouverture 44 est formé sur l'organe d'actionnement 30 pour manipuler l'organe d'actionnement 30 et le faire glisser dans la glissière 43 en compagnie de l'aimant permanent mobile 60.A stud protruding through the opening 44 is formed on the actuating member 30 to manipulate the actuating member 30 and slide it into the slide 43 in the company of the movable permanent magnet 60.
L'aimant permanent mobile 60 est apte à se déplacer suivant une direction perpendiculaire à l'axe principal (A) et à l'axe de rotation (R) de la membrane 20, et à prendre deux positions, une position dite éloignée de l'aimant permanent fixe 50The movable permanent magnet 60 is able to move in a direction perpendicular to the main axis (A) and to the axis of rotation (R) of the membrane 20, and to take two positions, a so-called distant position from the permanent magnet 50
(figures 1 A et 2A) et une position dite rapprochée de l'aimant permanent fixe 50(Figures 1 A and 2A) and a so-called close position of the fixed permanent magnet 50
(figures 1 B et 2B).(Figures 1 B and 2B).
Les deux aimants permanents 50, 60 présentent une aimantation de direction parallèle à l'axe principal (A) et donc perpendiculaire à la paroi supérieure 41 du boîtierThe two permanent magnets 50, 60 have a direction magnetization parallel to the main axis (A) and therefore perpendicular to the upper wall 41 of the housing.
40. Leur aimantation est par exemple orientée dans un même sens, par exemple vers l'intérieur du boîtier 40. Compte tenu de leur direction d'aimantation, les deux aimants permanents 50, 60 sont en opposition par leur tranche. En l'absence d'action mécanique sur l'organe d'actionnement 30, l'aimant permanent mobile 60 est donc repoussé par l'aimant permanent fixe 50 vers sa position éloignée. L'effet magnétique de répulsion s'exerçant entre les deux aimants 50, 60 peut donc éviter l'usage d'un dispositif mécanique particulier pour ramener l'organe d'actionnement 30 en position initiale.40. Their magnetization is for example oriented in the same direction, for example towards the inside of the housing 40. Given their direction of magnetization, the two permanent magnets 50, 60 are in opposition by their edges. In the absence of mechanical action on the actuating member 30, the movable permanent magnet 60 is therefore pushed by the fixed permanent magnet 50 to its remote position. The magnetic repulsion effect exerted between the two magnets 50, 60 can therefore avoid the use of a particular mechanical device for bringing the actuating member 30 back to the initial position.
Les champs magnétiques générés par le ou les aimants permanents fixes et par l'aimant permanent mobile sont symbolisés respectivement par le ou les vecteurs M10 et par le vecteur M20 sur les figures 1 A à 4B et leurs lignes de champ respectives sont référencées L10 et L20.The magnetic fields generated by the fixed permanent magnet (s) and by the mobile permanent magnet are symbolized respectively by the vector (s) M10 and by the vector M20 in FIGS. 1 A to 4B and their respective field lines are referenced L10 and L20 .
Dans la première et la seconde configurations décrites ci-dessous, le mécanisme d'actionnement peut comporter un dispositif de retenue magnétique composé par exemple d'une pièce ferromagnétique 70 contre laquelle s'appuie l'aimant permanent mobile 60 lorsqu'il est en position éloignée par rapport à l'aimant permanent fixe 50. La pièce ferromagnétique 70 et l'aimant permanent mobile 60 définissent entre eux un entrefer variable. L'effet magnétique d'attraction généré entre l'aimant permanent mobile 60 et la pièce ferromagnétique 70 permet d'engendrer une résistance au décollement de l'organe d'actionnement 30. Un effort minimal exercé sur l'organe d'actionnement 30 est donc nécessaire pour entamer son mouvement de translation, conférant ainsi à l'utilisateur un effet tactile particulier lors de sa manipulation.In the first and second configurations described below, the actuation mechanism may include a magnetic retaining device composed for example of a ferromagnetic part 70 against which the movable permanent magnet 60 rests when it is in position distant from the fixed permanent magnet 50. The ferromagnetic part 70 and the mobile permanent magnet 60 define between them a variable air gap. The magnetic attraction effect generated between the movable permanent magnet 60 and the ferromagnetic part 70 makes it possible to generate a resistance to detachment of the actuating member 30. A minimum force exerted on the actuating member 30 is therefore necessary to initiate its translational movement, thus giving the user a particular tactile effect during its manipulation.
Dans toutes les configurations décrites ci-dessous de ce premier mode de réalisation ou variantes de ces configurations, les éléments du dispositif conservent la même référence numérique.In all the configurations described below of this first embodiment or variants of these configurations, the elements of the device retain the same reference number.
Dans une première configuration du dispositif 10, représentée aux figures 1 A et 1 B, un interrupteur 2 est placé sous l'aimant permanent mobile 60 et sous l'influence du champ magnétique M20 généré par l'aimant permanent mobile 60.In a first configuration of the device 10, shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, a switch 2 is placed under the movable permanent magnet 60 and under the influence of the magnetic field M20 generated by the movable permanent magnet 60.
L'aimant permanent mobile 60 se déplace par rapport à l'interrupteur 2 et selon qu'il est en position éloignée ou rapprochée par rapport à l'aimant permanent fixe 50, la membrane 20 de l'interrupteur 2 est située d'un côté ou de l'autre de l'axe de révolution de l'aimant permanent mobile 60.The movable permanent magnet 60 moves relative to the switch 2 and depending on whether it is in a distant or close position relative to the fixed permanent magnet 50, the membrane 20 of the switch 2 is located on one side or the other of the axis of revolution of the movable permanent magnet 60.
Lorsque l'aimant permanent mobile 60 est en position éloignée par rapport à l'aimant permanent fixe 50, la membrane 20 est sous l'influence du champ magnétique M20 créé par l'aimant permanent mobile 60, dont des lignes de champ L20, orientées vers l'intérieur du dispositif 10, présentent une courbure induisant une composante magnétique dans la membrane 20. Le couple magnétique existant entre la composante magnétique créée dans la membrane 20 et le champ magnétique M20 de l'aimant permanent mobile 60 impose alors à la membrane 20 de prendre l'une de ses positions, par exemple une position d'ouverture du circuit électrique (figure 1A).When the mobile permanent magnet 60 is in a position remote from the fixed permanent magnet 50, the membrane 20 is under the influence of the magnetic field M20 created by the mobile permanent magnet 60, including field lines L20, oriented towards the inside of the device 10, have a curvature inducing a magnetic component in the membrane 20. The magnetic couple existing between the magnetic component created in the membrane 20 and the magnetic field M20 of the movable permanent magnet 60 then imposes on the membrane 20 to take one of its positions, for example an open position of the electrical circuit (Figure 1A).
Le rapprochement de l'aimant permanent mobile 60 par rapport à l'aimant permanent fixe 50 a pour effet de verticaliser les lignes L10, L20 des champs magnétiques M10, M20 formées au voisinage des extrémités adjacentes des deux aimants 50, 60. Lorsque l'aimant permanent mobile 60 se trouve en position rapprochée par rapport à l'aimant permanent fixe 50, la courbure des lignes de champThe approximation of the movable permanent magnet 60 relative to the fixed permanent magnet 50 has the effect of verticalizing the lines L10, L20 of the magnetic fields M10, M20 formed in the vicinity of the adjacent ends of the two magnets 50, 60. When the movable permanent magnet 60 is in a close position relative to the fixed permanent magnet 50, the curvature of the field lines
L15 vues par la membrane 20 est totalement inversée (figure 1 B). La nouvelle composante magnétique générée dans la membrane 20 s'oppose à la précédente et le couple magnétique résultant force la membrane 20 à basculer vers son autre position, c'est-à-dire vers sa position de fermeture du circuit électrique (figure 1 B). Dans une seconde configuration du dispositif 10, représentée aux figures 2A et 2B, l'interrupteur 2 est placé sous l'aimant permanent fixe 50, décalé vers l'intérieur du dispositif 10 par rapport à l'axe de révolution de l'aimant permanent fixe 50.L15 seen by the membrane 20 is completely inverted (FIG. 1B). The new magnetic component generated in the membrane 20 opposes the previous one and the resulting magnetic torque forces the membrane 20 to switch to its other position, that is to say to its position for closing the electrical circuit (Figure 1B ). In a second configuration of the device 10, shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, the switch 2 is placed under the fixed permanent magnet 50, offset towards the inside of the device 10 relative to the axis of revolution of the permanent magnet fixed 50.
Lorsque l'aimant permanent mobile 60 est en position éloignée, les lignes L10 du champ magnétique M10 généré par l'aimant permanent fixe 50, orientées vers l'intérieur du dispositif 10, présentent une courbure créant une composante magnétique dans la membrane 20. Le couple magnétique existant entre le champ magnétique M10 créé par l'aimant permanent fixe 50 et la composante magnétique générée impose à la membrane 20 de prendre l'une de ses positions, par exemple la position d'ouverture du circuit électrique (figure 2A).When the mobile permanent magnet 60 is in the distant position, the lines L10 of the magnetic field M10 generated by the fixed permanent magnet 50, oriented towards the interior of the device 10, have a curvature creating a magnetic component in the membrane 20. The magnetic torque existing between the magnetic field M10 created by the fixed permanent magnet 50 and the magnetic component generated requires the membrane 20 to take one of its positions, for example the open position of the electrical circuit (Figure 2A).
Le rapprochement de l'aimant permanent mobile 60 par rapport à l'aimant permanent fixe 50 a pour effet de verticaliser les lignes de champ formées aux abords des extrémités adjacentes des deux aimants 50, 60. Lorsque l'aimant permanent mobile 60 est en position rapprochée par rapport à l'aimant permanent fixe 50, la courbure des lignes de champ L15 vues par la membrane 20 est inversée. La nouvelle composante magnétique générée dans la membrane 20 s'oppose à la précédente. Le nouveau couple magnétique force ainsi la membrane 20 à basculer vers son autre position, c'est-à-dire la position de fermeture du circuit électrique (figure 2B).The approximation of the movable permanent magnet 60 with respect to the fixed permanent magnet 50 has the effect of verticalizing the field lines formed around the adjacent ends of the two magnets 50, 60. When the movable permanent magnet 60 is in position brought closer to the fixed permanent magnet 50, the curvature of the field lines L15 seen by the membrane 20 is reversed. The new magnetic component generated in the membrane 20 is opposed to the previous one. The new magnetic couple thus forces the membrane 20 to switch to its other position, that is to say the closed position of the electrical circuit (FIG. 2B).
En étendant le principe de cette seconde configuration, on réalise comme représenté sur les figures 3A et 3B un mécanisme d'actionnement comportant un organe d'actionnement à au moins trois positions. Pour cela, par rapport à la seconde configuration définie ci-dessus, le mécanisme d'actionnement comporte deux aimants permanents fixes 50a, 50b identiques, chacun logé dans une cavité du corps du dispositif 10. Un interrupteur 2 est associé à chacun de ces aimants permanents fixes 50a, 50b. Chaque interrupteur 2 fait par exemple partie d'un circuit électrique distinct et est logé dans le boîtier 40, sous un aimant permanent fixe 50a, 50b, décalé vers l'intérieur du dispositif 10 par rapport à l'axe de révolution de l'aimant permanent fixe auquel il est associé. La glissière 43 du mécanisme d'actionnement est formée de manière à ce que l'organe d'actionnement 30 accompagné de l'aimant permanent mobile 60 puisse prendre trois positions distinctes.By extending the principle of this second configuration, as shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, there is provided an actuating mechanism comprising an actuating member at at least three positions. For this, compared to the second configuration defined above, the actuation mechanism comprises two identical permanent permanent magnets 50a, 50b, each housed in a cavity of the body of the device 10. A switch 2 is associated with each of these magnets permanent fixes 50a, 50b. Each switch 2 is for example part of a separate electrical circuit and is housed in the housing 40, under a fixed permanent magnet 50a, 50b, offset towards the inside of the device 10 relative to the axis of revolution of the magnet fixed permanent with which it is associated. The slide 43 of the actuating mechanism is formed so that the actuating member 30 accompanied by the movable permanent magnet 60 can take three distinct positions.
Les aimants permanents fixes 50a, 50b sont situés de part et d'autre de l'aimant permanent mobile 60. Dans une position médiane axiale de l'organe d'actionnement 30 dans la glissière 43, l'aimant permanent mobile 60 est équidistant par rapport aux deux aimants permanents fixes 50a, 50b. Cette position médiane correspond à une position éloignée de chacun des aimants permanents fixes 50a, 50b. Cette position médiane de l'organe d'actionnement 30 est maintenue par la répulsion respective exercée sur l'aimant permanent mobile 60 par chacun des deux aimants permanents fixes 50a, 50b.The fixed permanent magnets 50a, 50b are located on either side of the movable permanent magnet 60. In a central axial position of the member actuation 30 in the slide 43, the movable permanent magnet 60 is equidistant from the two fixed permanent magnets 50a, 50b. This middle position corresponds to a position remote from each of the fixed permanent magnets 50a, 50b. This middle position of the actuating member 30 is maintained by the respective repulsion exerted on the movable permanent magnet 60 by each of the two fixed permanent magnets 50a, 50b.
L'organe d'actionnement 30 peut prendre deux autres positions dans chacune desquelles il est rapproché de l'un des aimants permanents fixes 50a, 50b pour faire commuter l'interrupteur 2 correspondant. Lorsque l'organe d'actionnement 30 est dans sa position médiane (figure 3A), les membranes 20 de chaque interrupteur sont sous l'influence du champ magnétique M10 de leur aimant permanent fixe 50a, 50b respectif. Comme précédemment, la courbure des lignes L10 des champs magnétiques M10 de chacun de ces aimants permanents fixes 50a, 50b impose à la membrane 20 de l'interrupteur 2 qui lui est associé de prendre l'une de ses positions.The actuating member 30 can take two other positions in each of which it is close to one of the fixed permanent magnets 50a, 50b to switch the corresponding switch 2. When the actuating member 30 is in its middle position (FIG. 3A), the membranes 20 of each switch are under the influence of the magnetic field M10 of their respective permanent permanent magnet 50a, 50b. As before, the curvature of the lines L10 of the magnetic fields M10 of each of these fixed permanent magnets 50a, 50b forces the membrane 20 of the switch 2 which is associated with it to take one of its positions.
En rapprochant l'aimant permanent mobile 60 de l'un des aimants permanents fixes 50b (figure 3B), la courbure des lignes L15 des champs magnétiques vues par la membrane 20 de l'interrupteur 2b associé à cet aimant permanent fixe 50b s'inverse.By bringing the mobile permanent magnet 60 closer to one of the fixed permanent magnets 50b (FIG. 3B), the curvature of the lines L15 of the magnetic fields seen by the membrane 20 of the switch 2b associated with this fixed permanent magnet 50b is reversed. .
Comme précédemment, le nouveau couple magnétique formé force la membrane 20 à basculer jusqu'à son autre position.As before, the new magnetic couple formed forces the membrane 20 to tilt to its other position.
Ce principe peut encore être étendu à l'utilisation de plusieurs aimants permanents fixes 50 distribués circulairement autour de l'aimant permanent mobile 60 (figure 4A). Un interrupteur 2 est placé sous chacun des aimants permanents fixes 50 encerclant l'aimant permanent mobile 60, décalé vers l'intérieur du dispositif 10 par rapport à l'axe de révolution de l'aimant permanent fixe 50 auquel il est associé. La pluralité d'aimants permanents fixes distribués circulairement peut même être remplacée par un unique aimant permanent fixe 51 de forme torique encerclant l'aimant permanent mobile 60 et le long duquel sont répartis des interrupteurs 2 (figure 4B). Ainsi, l'organe d'actionnement 30 utilisé est multidirectionnel entre une position centrale et des positions rapprochées de chacun des interrupteurs 2 distribués autour de lui sous un aimant permanent fixe 50 ou sous une portion du tore formé par l'aimant permanent fixe 51 . L'organe d'actionnement 30 peut par exemple être matérialisé par un levier de commande (non représenté). Le principe de fonctionnement est identique à celui décrit ci-dessus pour la seconde configuration. Le déplacement de l'organe d'actionnement 30 jusqu'à une position rapprochée de l'un des interrupteurs 2 permet donc sa commutation. L'organe d'actionnement 60 est maintenu dans une position centrale par la répulsion exercée sur l'aimant permanent mobile 60 par les aimants permanents fixes 50 distribués ou par l'aimant permanent fixe torique 51.This principle can also be extended to the use of several fixed permanent magnets 50 distributed circularly around the mobile permanent magnet 60 (FIG. 4A). A switch 2 is placed under each of the fixed permanent magnets 50 encircling the mobile permanent magnet 60, offset towards the inside of the device 10 relative to the axis of revolution of the fixed permanent magnet 50 with which it is associated. The plurality of fixed permanent magnets distributed circularly can even be replaced by a single fixed permanent magnet 51 of toroidal shape encircling the mobile permanent magnet 60 and along which switches 2 are distributed (FIG. 4B). Thus, the actuating member 30 used is multidirectional between a central position and positions close to each of the switches 2 distributed around it under a fixed permanent magnet 50 or under a portion of the torus formed by the fixed permanent magnet 51. The actuating member 30 can for example be embodied by a control lever (not shown). The operating principle is identical to that described above for the second configuration. The movement of the actuating member 30 to a position close to one of the switches 2 therefore allows its switching. The actuating member 60 is maintained in a central position by the repulsion exerted on the movable permanent magnet 60 by the fixed permanent magnets 50 distributed or by the permanent toric fixed magnet 51.
Selon un second mode de réalisation de l'invention, le dispositif de commutation 100 est utilisé comme bouton rotatif ou détecteur de position avec un organe d'actionnement rotatif. Le dispositif selon ce second mode de réalisation comporte un boîtier 400 structurellement identique au boîtier 40 utilisé dans le dispositif selon le premier mode de réalisation. En revanche, contrairement au premier mode de réalisation, le mécanisme d'actionnement diffère en ce que l'organe d'actionnement 300 est non plus glissant mais rotatif. Dans ce second mode de réalisation, l'organe d'actionnement 300 accompagné de l'aimant permanent mobile 600 sont rotatifs autour d'un axe de rotation (R2) parallèle à l'axe principal (A) dans un évidement 430 formé dans les parois surmontant le boîtier 400.According to a second embodiment of the invention, the switching device 100 is used as a rotary button or position detector with a rotary actuating member. The device according to this second embodiment comprises a housing 400 structurally identical to the housing 40 used in the device according to the first embodiment. In contrast, unlike the first embodiment, the actuation mechanism differs in that the actuator 300 is no longer slippery but rotatable. In this second embodiment, the actuating member 300 accompanied by the movable permanent magnet 600 are rotatable about an axis of rotation (R2) parallel to the main axis (A) in a recess 430 formed in the walls surmounting the housing 400.
Sur les figures 5A à 7B, les champs magnétiques générés par le ou les aimants permanents fixes et par l'aimant permanent mobile sont symbolisés par le ou les vecteurs M100 et par le vecteur M200 et leurs lignes de champ respectives sont référencées L100 et L200.In FIGS. 5A to 7B, the magnetic fields generated by the fixed permanent magnet (s) and by the mobile permanent magnet are symbolized by the vector (s) M100 and by the vector M200 and their respective field lines are referenced L100 and L200.
Dans toutes les configurations décrites ci-dessous de ce second mode de réalisation ou variantes de ces configurations, les éléments du dispositif 100 conservent la même référence.In all the configurations described below of this second embodiment or variants of these configurations, the elements of the device 100 retain the same reference.
Dans une première configuration, lorsque le dispositif comporte un seul aimant permanent fixe 500 associé à un interrupteur, l'aimant permanent mobile 600, en tournant, peut prendre par exemple deux positions angulaires distinctes, une position éloignée dans laquelle l'extrémité distale par rapport à son axe de rotation est éloignée de l'aimant permanent fixe 500 (figure 5A) et une position rapprochée dans laquelle cette extrémité distale est rapprochée et adjacente de l'aimant permanent fixe 500 (figure 5B). En fonctionnement, lorsque l'extrémité distale de l'aimant permanent mobile est éloignée de l'aimant permanent fixe 500, la membrane de l'interrupteur 2 est sous l'influence du champ magnétique M100 généré par l'aimant permanent fixe 500. La composante magnétique générée dans la membrane 20 impose à ladite membrane 20 de prendre une position, par exemple une position d'ouverture du circuit électrique (figure 5A). En tournant l'organe d'actionnement 300 de 180° autour de son axe de rotation (R2), l'extrémité distale de l'aimant permanent mobile 600 devient adjacente à l'aimant permanent fixe 500, ce qui a pour effet d'inverser la courbure des lignes de champ L150 vues par la membrane 20 et donc de faire basculer la membrane 20 vers son autre position, par exemple la position de fermeture du circuit électrique (figure 5B).In a first configuration, when the device comprises a single fixed permanent magnet 500 associated with a switch, the mobile permanent magnet 600, by rotating, can take for example two distinct angular positions, a distant position in which the distal end relative to at its axis of rotation is distant from the fixed permanent magnet 500 (Figure 5A) and a close position in which this distal end is close and adjacent to the fixed permanent magnet 500 (Figure 5B). In operation, when the distal end of the movable permanent magnet is distant from the fixed permanent magnet 500, the membrane of the switch 2 is under the influence of the magnetic field M100 generated by the fixed permanent magnet 500. magnetic component generated in the membrane 20 requires said membrane 20 to take a position, for example an open position of the electrical circuit (Figure 5A). By rotating the actuating member 300 by 180 ° around its axis of rotation (R2), the distal end of the movable permanent magnet 600 becomes adjacent to the fixed permanent magnet 500, which has the effect of reverse the curvature of the field lines L150 seen by the membrane 20 and therefore cause the membrane 20 to tilt to its other position, for example the closed position of the electrical circuit (FIG. 5B).
Comme dans les différentes variantes de la seconde configuration du premier mode de réalisation, deux ou plusieurs aimants permanents fixes 500, 500a, 500b associés chacun à un interrupteur 2 peuvent être distribués circulairement autour de l'aimant permanent mobile 600 (figures 6, 7A et 7B). Dans cette situation, l'organe d'actionnement tournant 300 est par exemple un sélecteur multipositions, pouvant prendre plusieurs positions angulaires distinctes dans chacune desquelles il commute un interrupteur 2 en positionnant angulairement l'extrémité distale de l'aimant permanent mobile 600 devant l'un des aimants permanents fixes distribués 500, 500a, 500b ou, si un aimant permanent fixe de forme torique 501 est utilisé, en positionnant angulairement cette extrémité distale devant l'un des interrupteurs 2 répartis sous l'aimant permanent fixe 501 le long de sa forme torique pour inverser la courbure des lignes L150 de champ vues par la membrane 20.As in the different variants of the second configuration of the first embodiment, two or more fixed permanent magnets 500, 500a, 500b each associated with a switch 2 can be distributed circularly around the mobile permanent magnet 600 (FIGS. 6, 7A and 7B). In this situation, the rotating actuating member 300 is for example a multi-position selector, which can take several distinct angular positions in each of which it switches a switch 2 by angularly positioning the distal end of the movable permanent magnet 600 in front of the one of the fixed permanent magnets distributed 500, 500a, 500b or, if a fixed permanent magnet of toroidal shape 501 is used, by angularly positioning this distal end in front of one of the switches 2 distributed under the fixed permanent magnet 501 along its toroidal shape to reverse the curvature of the field lines L150 seen by the membrane 20.
Dans ce second mode de réalisation, le mécanisme d'actionnement peut nécessiter un dispositif mécanique particulier pour positionner l'organe d'actionnement 300 tournant. Ce dispositif mécanique n'est pas l'objet de la présente invention, il n'est donc pas décrit.In this second embodiment, the actuation mechanism may require a particular mechanical device to position the actuating member 300 rotating. This mechanical device is not the subject of the present invention, it is therefore not described.
Dans les premier et second modes de réalisation de l'invention, un dispositif de blindage magnétique peut être utilisé. Ce blindage magnétique est notamment réalisé pour protéger le ou les interrupteurs 2 logés dans le boîtier 40 d'un éventuel champ magnétique extérieur qui pourrait perturber leur bon fonctionnement.In the first and second embodiments of the invention, a magnetic shielding device can be used. This magnetic shielding is in particular produced to protect the switch or switches 2 housed in the housing 40 from a possible external magnetic field which could disturb their proper functioning.
En outre, dans ces deux premiers modes de réalisation, le ou les interrupteurs 2 utilisés peuvent être configurés, selon leur orientation, normalement ouverts ou normalement fermés. Cela signifie que lorsque l'aimant permanent mobile 60, 600 est en position éloignée, la membrane 20 peut être en position de fermeture ou en position d'ouverture du circuit électrique. Une combinaison d'interrupteurs normalement ouverts et normalement fermés, distribués autour de l'organe d'actionnement 30, 300 lorsque celui-ci est à au moins trois positions, peut être envisagée pour certaines applications.In addition, in these first two embodiments, the switch or switches 2 used can be configured, according to their orientation, normally open or normally closed. This means that when the movable permanent magnet 60, 600 is in the remote position, the membrane 20 can be in the closed position or in the open position of the electrical circuit. A combination of normally open and normally closed switches distributed around the actuating member 30, 300 when the latter is at at least three positions, can be envisaged for certain applications.
Dans ces deux premiers modes de réalisation, le boîtier 40 dans lequel sont logés le ou les interrupteurs 2 peut être complètement fermé, le mécanisme d'actionnement étant extérieur au boîtier. Cela permet notamment de conférer au dispositif une bonne étanchéité et herméticité et de ne pas exposer le ou les interrupteurs électriques à des agressions externes.In these first two embodiments, the housing 40 in which the switch (s) 2 are housed can be completely closed, the actuation mechanism being external to the housing. This allows in particular to give the device a good seal and hermeticity and not to expose the electrical switch or switches to external aggressions.
Selon un troisième mode de réalisation représenté sur la figure 8, le dispositif de commutation 1 selon l'invention est un bouton-poussoir ou détecteur de position comportant un corps 4 par exemple cylindrique introduit dans une ouverture formée à travers une paroi P. L'organe d'actionnement 3 est monté mobile en translation suivant l'axe (A) principal dans ledit corps 4. L'organe d'actionnement 3 peut prendre une position de repos (figure 8, partie gauche G) et une position de travail (figure 8, partie droite D) dans laquelle il est enfoncé dans le corps 4.According to a third embodiment shown in FIG. 8, the switching device 1 according to the invention is a push button or position detector comprising a body 4, for example cylindrical, introduced into an opening formed through a wall P. L ' actuating member 3 is mounted movable in translation along the main axis (A) in said body 4. The actuating member 3 can take a rest position (FIG. 8, left part G) and a working position ( Figure 8, right part D) in which it is pressed into the body 4.
L'interrupteur 2 permettant de commuter le circuit électrique est fixé sur un support 11 solidaire du corps 10. Des électrodes 12 du circuit électrique à commuter, solidaires du support 11 , s'étendent vers le bas du dispositif 1. Plusieurs interrupteursThe switch 2 for switching the electrical circuit is fixed on a support 11 secured to the body 10. Electrodes 12 of the electrical circuit to be switched, secured to the support 11, extend towards the bottom of the device 1. Several switches
2 identiques peuvent être disposés sur le même substrat 24, par exemple symétriquement par rapport à l'axe principal (A), ou montés sur le support 1 1 de manière à former une matrice ou une combinaison d'interrupteurs normalement ouverts et normalement fermés.2 identical can be arranged on the same substrate 24, for example symmetrically with respect to the main axis (A), or mounted on the support 1 1 so as to form a matrix or a combination of switches normally open and normally closed.
L'aimant permanent fixe 5 par exemple en forme de disque mince est disposé sous le support 1 1 portant l'interrupteur 2. L'aimant permanent mobile 6, par exemple en forme de disque mince, est monté solidaire de l'organe d'actionnement 3. Les deux aimants permanents 5, 6 sont montés symétriquement et perpendiculairement par rapport à l'axe (A) principal. Les deux aimants permanents 5, 6 sont placés en opposition, c'est-à-dire que leurs faces discales de même pôle (N pour Nord et S pour Sud) sont placées en vis-à-vis l'une de l'autre (par exemple opposition Nord-Nord sur la figure 1 ), présentant ainsi chacun une direction d'aimantation parallèle à l'axe (A) principal. Le vecteur M1 , M2 du champ magnétique créé par chacun des aimants 5, 6 suit la direction d'aimantation et est orienté conventionnellement dans le sens Sud- Nord. Ci-après, le champ magnétique produit par chaque aimant est désigné par M1 ou M2.The fixed permanent magnet 5, for example in the form of a thin disc, is placed under the support 11 carrying the switch 2. The movable permanent magnet 6, for example in the form of a thin disc, is mounted integral with the member. actuation 3. The two permanent magnets 5, 6 are mounted symmetrically and perpendicularly to the main axis (A). The two permanent magnets 5, 6 are placed in opposition, that is to say that their disc faces of the same pole (N for North and S for South) are placed opposite one another (for example North-North opposition in Figure 1), each having a direction of magnetization parallel to the main axis (A). The vector M1, M2 of the magnetic field created by each of the magnets 5, 6 follows the direction of magnetization and is oriented conventionally in the South-North direction. Hereinafter, the magnetic field produced by each magnet is designated by M1 or M2.
Comme dans le premier mode de réalisation, un dispositif de retenue permet de retenir l'organe d'actionnement 3 dans sa position de repos. Ce dispositif de retenue se compose par exemple de deux pièces ferromagnétiques 7, 8, une première pièce ferromagnétique 7 étant solidaire de l'organe d'actionnement 3 et une seconde pièce ferromagnétique 8 étant solidaire du corps 4 du dispositif 1. Ces deux pièces 7, 8 définissent entre elles un entrefer variable en fonction de la position de l'organe d'actionnement 3 dans le corps 4. La première pièce ferromagnétique 7 solidaire de l'organe d'actionnement 3 peut être composée par exemple d'une plaque en forme de disque. La deuxième pièce ferromagnétique 8 présente par exemple une forme cylindrique recouvrant la paroi interne latérale du corps 4 et dotée d'une collerette rentrante à son bord supérieur. Lorsque l'organe d'actionnement 3 est au repos (figure 8, partie gauche), la première pièce 7 vient en appui contre la collerette rentrante de la deuxième pièce ferromagnétique 8. Un effort minimal exercé sur l'organe d'actionnement 3 est donc nécessaire pour désolidariser les deux pièces ferromagnétiques 7, 8 et pour décoller l'organe d'actionnement 3 du corps 4 du dispositif 1 , conférant ainsi à l'utilisateur un effet tactile particulier lors de l'enfoncement de l'organe d'actionnement 3.As in the first embodiment, a retaining device makes it possible to retain the actuating member 3 in its rest position. This retaining device consists for example of two ferromagnetic parts 7, 8, a first ferromagnetic part 7 being integral with the actuating member 3 and a second ferromagnetic part 8 being integral with the body 4 of the device 1. These two parts 7 , 8 define between them a variable air gap as a function of the position of the actuating member 3 in the body 4. The first ferromagnetic part 7 secured to the actuating member 3 may be composed for example of a plate disc shape. The second ferromagnetic part 8 has for example a cylindrical shape covering the lateral internal wall of the body 4 and provided with a re-entrant collar at its upper edge. When the actuator 3 is at rest (FIG. 8, left part), the first part 7 comes to bear against the re-entrant collar of the second ferromagnetic part 8. A minimal force exerted on the actuator 3 is therefore necessary to separate the two ferromagnetic parts 7, 8 and to detach the actuating member 3 from the body 4 of the device 1, thus giving the user a particular tactile effect when the actuating member is pressed in. 3.
Les deux pièces ferromagnétiques 7, 8 ainsi qu'une troisième pièce ferromagnétique 9 placée dans le fond du corps 4 assurent le blindage magnétique du dispositif pour :The two ferromagnetic parts 7, 8 and a third ferromagnetic part 9 placed in the bottom of the body 4 provide the magnetic shielding of the device for:
- confiner le champ magnétique produit par les aimants permanents 5, 6 à l'intérieur du dispositif, évitant ainsi une pollution magnétique à l'extérieur de celui-ci,- confine the magnetic field produced by the permanent magnets 5, 6 inside the device, thus avoiding magnetic pollution outside of it,
- protéger l'interrupteur 2 d'un éventuel champ magnétique extérieur qui pourrait perturber le bon fonctionnement de l'interrupteur 2.- protect switch 2 from a possible external magnetic field which could disturb the proper functioning of switch 2.
Selon une variante de réalisation de l'invention, le blindage magnétique est réalisé par le corps 4 et l'organe d'actionnement 3 qui sont alors fabriqués dans des matériaux ferromagnétiques.According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, the magnetic shielding is produced by the body 4 and the actuating member 3 which are then manufactured from ferromagnetic materials.
L'effet tactile conféré par le dispositif de retenue peut être caractérisé par un diagramme course/effort (voir figure 10) qui montre la force ou l'effort exercé sur l'organe d'actionnement 3 en fonction de la course de celui-ci. Lorsque la course est nulle, l'organe d'actionnement 3 est dans sa position de repos. Cet effet tactile peut être modifié en faisant varier différents paramètres comme :The tactile effect imparted by the retaining device can be characterized by a stroke / effort diagram (see FIG. 10) which shows the force or the force exerted on the actuating member 3 as a function of the stroke thereof. . When the race is zero, the actuator 3 is in its rest position. This tactile effect can be modified by varying different parameters such as:
- tailles et matériaux des aimants,- sizes and materials of the magnets,
- l'espace initial existant entre les deux pièces ferromagnétiques 7, 8, - la géométrie du blindage magnétique formé par les trois pièces ferromagnétiques 7, 8, 9.- the initial space existing between the two ferromagnetic parts 7, 8, - the geometry of the magnetic shield formed by the three ferromagnetic parts 7, 8, 9.
Selon l'invention, l'interrupteur 2 est disposé entre les deux aimants permanents 5, 6 de manière décalée par rapport à l'axe (A) principal de sorte que les champs magnétiques M1 , M2 des deux aimants permanents 5, 6 présentent une influence pour maintenir la membrane 20 dans l'une ou l'autre de ses positions.According to the invention, the switch 2 is disposed between the two permanent magnets 5, 6 offset from the main axis (A) so that the magnetic fields M1, M2 of the two permanent magnets 5, 6 have a influence to maintain the membrane 20 in one or other of its positions.
Lorsque l'organe d'actionnement 3 est au repos (figure 9A), la membrane 20 ferromagnétique est sous l'influence prépondérante du champ magnétique M1 créé par l'aimant permanent fixe 5. Le premier champ magnétique M1 créé par l'aimant permanent fixe 5 présente des lignes L1 dont la courbure crée une composante magnétique dans la membrane. Le couple magnétique existant entre cette composante et le champ magnétique M1 impose à la membrane 20 d'être dans une position, par exemple en position haute (figure 9A).When the actuator 3 is at rest (FIG. 9A), the ferromagnetic membrane 20 is under the preponderant influence of the magnetic field M1 created by the fixed permanent magnet 5. The first magnetic field M1 created by the permanent magnet fixed 5 has lines L1 whose curvature creates a magnetic component in the membrane. The magnetic torque existing between this component and the magnetic field M1 forces the membrane 20 to be in a position, for example in the high position (FIG. 9A).
L'exercice d'une force minimale de direction parallèle à l'axe principal permet de désolidariser les deux pièces ferromagnétiques 7, 8 alors en attraction et de décoller l'organe d'actionnement 3 du corps 4. L'enfoncement de l'organe d'actionnement 3 entraîne la translation de l'aimant permanent mobile 6 suivant l'axeThe exercise of a minimum directional force parallel to the main axis makes it possible to separate the two ferromagnetic parts 7, 8 then in attraction and to take off the actuating member 3 from the body 4. The insertion of the member actuation 3 causes the movable permanent magnet 6 to translate along the axis
(A) principal. Lorsque l'organe d'actionnement 3 est en fin de course (figure 8, partie droite et figure 9B), sous l'influence prépondérante du champ magnétique M2 créé par l'aimant permanent mobile 6, la courbure des lignes L2 de champs est inversée, créant une nouvelle composante magnétique dans la membrane, opposée à la précédente.(A) main. When the actuating member 3 is at the end of its travel (FIG. 8, right part and FIG. 9B), under the predominant influence of the magnetic field M2 created by the movable permanent magnet 6, the curvature of the lines L2 of fields is reversed, creating a new magnetic component in the membrane, opposite to the previous one.
Le nouveau couple magnétique force la membrane 20 à basculer vers son autre position, vers sa position basse. En référence à la figure 4B, sous l'influence du champ magnétique M2, la membrane 20 bascule donc vers sa position basse correspondant par exemple à la fermeture du circuit électrique.The new magnetic couple forces the membrane 20 to switch to its other position, to its lower position. With reference to FIG. 4B, under the influence of the magnetic field M2, the membrane 20 therefore switches over to its low position corresponding, for example, to the closing of the electrical circuit.
Le retour de l'organe d'actionnement 3 dans sa position de repos est réalisé grâce à la force de répulsion s'exerçant entre les deux aimants permanents 5, 6 en opposition ainsi que par la force d'attraction s'exerçant entre les deux pièces ferromagnétiques 7, 8 au fur et à mesure de la remontée de l'organe d'actionnement 3.The return of the actuating member 3 to its rest position is achieved by the repulsion force exerted between the two permanent magnets 5, 6 in opposition as well as by the force of attraction exerted between the two ferromagnetic parts 7, 8 as and when the actuator 3 rises.
Selon l'invention, l'orientation de l'interrupteur 2 par rapport aux champs magnétiques créés par les deux aimants permanents 5, 6, permet de le configurer "normalement ouvert" ou "normalement fermé". Cela signifie que lorsque l'organe d'actionnement est dans sa position de repos, selon son orientation par rapport aux champs magnétiques, la membrane 20 peut être en position haute (figure 12A) ou en position basse (figure 12B).According to the invention, the orientation of the switch 2 with respect to the magnetic fields created by the two permanent magnets 5, 6, makes it possible to configure it "normally open" or "normally closed". This means that when the actuating member is in its rest position, according to its orientation relative to the magnetic fields, the membrane 20 can be in the high position (FIG. 12A) or in the low position (FIG. 12B).
Selon une variante de réalisation de l'invention, l'aimant permanent mobile 6 et la première pièce ferromagnétique 7 sont constitués d'un seul et même aimant permanent, par exemple en forme de disque.According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, the mobile permanent magnet 6 and the first ferromagnetic part 7 consist of one and the same permanent magnet, for example in the form of a disc.
Selon l'invention, la symétrie radiale des aimants permanents 7, 8 permet une distribution circulaire de plusieurs interrupteurs 2 dans un même dispositif. Les interrupteurs peuvent donc être actionnés par un même organe d'actionnement 3. Selon une variante de réalisation (non représentée), le dispositif de retenue peut être remplacé ou complété par une structure élastique précontrainte formant un effet cloquant lors de l'enfoncement de l'organe d'actionnement. Selon cette variante, la structure élastique subit une transformation brusque entraînant rapidement l'organe d'actionnement en fin de course lorsqu'une force déterminée est exercée sur l'organe d'actionnement. Lors de la transformation brusque, la force ressentie par l'utilisateur diminue fortement. La transformation brusque confère à l'utilisateur une impression tactile particulière et garantit l'exercice d'une force minimale pour commuter le circuit électrique.According to the invention, the radial symmetry of the permanent magnets 7, 8 allows a circular distribution of several switches 2 in the same device. The switches can therefore be actuated by the same actuating member 3. According to an alternative embodiment (not shown), the retaining device can be replaced or supplemented by an elastic prestressed structure forming a blistering effect when the actuator. According to this variant, the elastic structure undergoes a sudden transformation rapidly causing the actuating member at the end of the stroke when a determined force is exerted on the actuating member. During the sudden transformation, the force felt by the user decreases sharply. The abrupt transformation gives the user a special tactile impression and guarantees the exercise of minimal force to switch the electrical circuit.
Selon cette dernière variante de réalisation, la structure élastique peut jouer le rôle de ressort pour ramener l'organe d'actionnement vers sa position de repos ainsi que le rôle de membrane étanche.According to this latter variant, the elastic structure can act as a spring to bring the actuating member back to its rest position as well as the role of a waterproof membrane.
Il est bien entendu que l'on peut, sans sortir du cadre de l'invention, imaginer d'autres variantes et perfectionnements de détail et de même envisager l'emploi de moyens équivalents. It is understood that one can, without departing from the scope of the invention, imagine other variants and improvements of detail and even consider the use of equivalent means.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1 . Dispositif (1 , 10, 100) de commutation d'un circuit électrique comprenant un corps (4, 40, 400), un organe d'actionnement (3, 30, 300) mobile dans le corps (4, 40, 400) entre au moins deux positions et apte à agir par effet magnétique sur un élément mobile d'au moins un interrupteur (2) électrique, pour commuter le circuit électrique entre deux positions, une position d'ouverture du circuit électrique et une position de fermeture dudit circuit électrique, caractérisé en ce que :1. Device (1, 10, 100) for switching an electrical circuit comprising a body (4, 40, 400), an actuating member (3, 30, 300) movable in the body (4, 40, 400) between at least two positions and able to act by magnetic effect on a mobile element of at least one electrical switch (2), to switch the electrical circuit between two positions, an open position of the electrical circuit and a closed position of said circuit electric, characterized in that:
- Le dispositif comporte au moins deux aimants permanents en opposition pour générer entre eux un effet magnétique de répulsion, les deux aimants permanents comprenant au moins un aimant permanent fixe (5, 50, 500) et un aimant permanent mobile (6, 60, 600) solidaire de l'organe d'actionnement (3, 30, 300),- The device comprises at least two permanent magnets in opposition to generate between them a magnetic repulsion effect, the two permanent magnets comprising at least one fixed permanent magnet (5, 50, 500) and a mobile permanent magnet (6, 60, 600 ) integral with the actuating member (3, 30, 300),
- Le changement de position de l'organe d'actionnement (3, 30, 300) entraîne un changement de direction des lignes de champ magnétique créé par lesdits aimants permanents (5, 50, 500, 6, 60, 600) au voisinage de l'élément mobile (20), provoquant la commutation du circuit électrique.- The change in position of the actuating member (3, 30, 300) causes a change in direction of the magnetic field lines created by said permanent magnets (5, 50, 500, 6, 60, 600) in the vicinity of the movable element (20), causing the switching of the electrical circuit.
2. Dispositif (10) selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que l'aimant permanent mobile (60) est mobile en translation entre au moins deux positions dans un plan principal parallèle à un substrat (24) sur lequel est monté l'élément mobile.2. Device (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that the mobile permanent magnet (60) is movable in translation between at least two positions in a main plane parallel to a substrate (24) on which the element is mounted mobile.
3. Dispositif (10) selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que l'aimant permanent fixe (50) et l'aimant permanent mobile (60) présentent des aimantations (M10, M20) de direction perpendiculaire au plan principal et orientées dans un même sens, les deux aimants étant en opposition par leur tranche.3. Device (10) according to claim 2, characterized in that the fixed permanent magnet (50) and the mobile permanent magnet (60) have magnetizations (M10, M20) of direction perpendicular to the main plane and oriented in a same direction, the two magnets being in opposition by their edge.
4. Dispositif (10) selon la revendication 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce que lorsque l'aimant permanent mobile (60) est dans une position éloignée par rapport à l'aimant permanent fixe (50), l'élément mobile est maintenu dans une position sous l'influence prépondérante du champ magnétique (M20) créé par l'aimant permanent mobile (60).4. Device (10) according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that when the movable permanent magnet (60) is in a position distant from the fixed permanent magnet (50), the movable element is held in a position under the predominant influence of the magnetic field (M20) created by the mobile permanent magnet (60).
5. Dispositif (10) selon la revendication 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce que lorsque l'aimant permanent mobile (60) est dans une position éloignée par rapport à l'aimant permanent fixe (50), l'élément mobile est maintenu dans une position sous l'influence prépondérante du champ magnétique (M10) créé par l'aimant permanent fixe (50).5. Device (10) according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that when the movable permanent magnet (60) is in a position remote from the fixed permanent magnet (50), the movable element is held in a position under the predominant influence of the magnetic field (M10) created by the fixed permanent magnet (50).
6. Dispositif (10) selon l'une des revendications 2 à 5, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une pluralité d'interrupteurs (2) et en ce que l'aimant permanent mobile (60) peut prendre plusieurs positions distinctes pour, dans chacune de ces positions, commuter un ou plusieurs des interrupteurs (2).6. Device (10) according to one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of switches (2) and in that the movable permanent magnet (60) can take several different positions for, in each of these positions, switch one or more of the switches (2).
7. Dispositif (10) selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que l'aimant permanent fixe (51 ) présente une forme torique, et encercle l'aimant permanent mobile (60), les interrupteurs (2) étant distribués circulairement le long de la forme torique de l'aimant permanent fixe (51 ), et en ce que l'aimant permanent mobile (60) est multidirectionnel entre une position d'équilibre centrale et des positions rapprochées de chacun des interrupteurs (2) pour pouvoir commuter chacun d'entre eux.7. Device (10) according to claim 6, characterized in that the fixed permanent magnet (51) has a toroidal shape, and encircles the mobile permanent magnet (60), the switches (2) being distributed circularly along the toroidal shape of the fixed permanent magnet (51), and in that the mobile permanent magnet (60) is multidirectional between a central equilibrium position and close positions of each of the switches (2) in order to be able to switch each of 'between them.
8. Dispositif (10) selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que chaque interrupteur est associé à un aimant permanent fixe (50, 50a, 50b), les aimants permanents fixes étant distribués autour de l'aimant permanent mobile (60), et en ce que l'aimant permanent mobile (60) peut prendre une position médiane par rapport aux aimants permanents fixes (50, 50a, 50b) et une position rapprochée de chacun des aimants permanents fixes (50, 50a, 50b) pour commuter l'interrupteur (2) qui leur est associé.8. Device (10) according to claim 6, characterized in that each switch is associated with a fixed permanent magnet (50, 50a, 50b), the fixed permanent magnets being distributed around the mobile permanent magnet (60), and in that the movable permanent magnet (60) can take a middle position with respect to the fixed permanent magnets (50, 50a, 50b) and a close position of each of the fixed permanent magnets (50, 50a, 50b) for switching the switch (2) associated therewith.
9. Dispositif (10) selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que les aimants permanents fixes (50) sont distribués circulairement autour de l'aimant permanent mobile (60) et en ce que l'aimant permanent mobile (60) est multidirectionnel entre une position d'équilibre centrale par rapport aux aimants permanents fixes (50) distribués et des positions rapprochées de chacun des aimants permanents fixes (50) pour commuter l'interrupteur (2) qui leur est associé. 9. Device (10) according to claim 8, characterized in that the fixed permanent magnets (50) are distributed circularly around the mobile permanent magnet (60) and in that the mobile permanent magnet (60) is multidirectional between a central equilibrium position with respect to the fixed permanent magnets (50) distributed and close positions of each of the fixed permanent magnets (50) for switching the switch (2) associated therewith.
10. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 7 à 9, caractérisé en ce que l'organe d'actionnement (30) est un levier de commande ou un bouton directionnel.10. Device according to one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the actuating member (30) is a control lever or a directional button.
11 . Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 2 à 10, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un dispositif de retenue magnétique (70) nécessitant un effort minimal à exercer sur l'organe d'actionnement (30) pour entamer son mouvement.11. Device according to one of claims 2 to 10, characterized in that it comprises a magnetic retaining device (70) requiring minimal effort to be exerted on the actuating member (30) to start its movement.
12. Dispositif selon la revendication 11 , caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de retenue comporte une pièce ferromagnétique (70) montée sur le corps (40) du dispositif contre laquelle s'appuie l'aimant permanent mobile (60) lorsque l'organe d'actionnement (30) est dans l'une de ses positions.12. Device according to claim 11, characterized in that the retaining device comprises a ferromagnetic part (70) mounted on the body (40) of the device against which the movable permanent magnet (60) bears when the member d actuation (30) is in one of its positions.
13. Dispositif (1 ) selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que l'aimant permanent mobile (6) et l'aimant permanent fixe (5) sont superposés et en ce que l'aimant permanent mobile (6) est mobile en translation entre deux positions suivant un axe principal (A) perpendiculaire à un substrat (24) sur lequel est monté l'élément mobile.13. Device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the movable permanent magnet (6) and the fixed permanent magnet (5) are superposed and in that the movable permanent magnet (6) is movable in translation between two positions along a main axis (A) perpendicular to a substrate (24) on which the movable element is mounted.
14. Dispositif (1 ) selon la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce que l'aimant permanent fixe (5) et l'aimant permanent mobile (6) présentent des aimantations de direction parallèle à l'axe principal (A) et orientées dans des sens opposés.14. Device (1) according to claim 13, characterized in that the fixed permanent magnet (5) and the mobile permanent magnet (6) have directional magnetizations parallel to the main axis (A) and oriented in opposite directions.
15. Dispositif (1 ) selon la revendication 13 ou 14, caractérisé en ce que l'élément mobile est disposé entre les deux aimants permanents (5, 6).15. Device (1) according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the movable element is disposed between the two permanent magnets (5, 6).
16. Dispositif (1 ) selon l'une des revendications 13 à 15, caractérisé en ce que, lorsque l'aimant permanent mobile (6) est dans une position éloignée par rapport à l'aimant permanent fixe (5), l'élément mobile est maintenu dans une position sous l'influence prépondérante du premier champ magnétique (M1 ).16. Device (1) according to one of claims 13 to 15, characterized in that, when the movable permanent magnet (6) is in a position distant from the fixed permanent magnet (5), the element mobile is maintained in a position under the predominant influence of the first magnetic field (M1).
17. Dispositif (1 ) selon l'une des revendications 13 à 16, caractérisé en ce que, lorsque l'aimant permanent mobile (6) est dans une position rapprochée par rapport à l'aimant permanent fixe (6), l'élément mobile est maintenu dans une position sous l'influence prépondérante du second champ magnétique (M2).17. Device (1) according to one of claims 13 to 16, characterized in that, when the movable permanent magnet (6) is in a close position relative to the fixed permanent magnet (6), the element mobile is maintained in a position under the predominant influence of the second magnetic field (M2).
18. Dispositif (1 ) selon l'une des revendications 13 à 17, caractérisé en ce que l'aimant permanent fixe (5) et l'aimant permanent mobile (6) sont disposés symétriquement dans le dispositif (1 ) par rapport à l'axe principal (A) et en ce que l'élément mobile (20) est décalé par rapport à l'axe principal (A).18. Device (1) according to one of claims 13 to 17, characterized in that the fixed permanent magnet (5) and the mobile permanent magnet (6) are arranged symmetrically in the device (1) relative to the main axis (A) and in that the movable element (20) is offset with respect to the main axis (A).
19. Dispositif (1 ) selon l'une des revendications 13 à 18, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte plusieurs interrupteurs (2) décalés par rapport à l'axe principal (A).19. Device (1) according to one of claims 13 to 18, characterized in that it comprises several switches (2) offset from the main axis (A).
20. Dispositif (1 ) selon la revendication 19, caractérisé en ce que les interrupteurs (2) sont disposés symétriquement par rapport à l'axe principal (A).20. Device (1) according to claim 19, characterized in that the switches (2) are arranged symmetrically with respect to the main axis (A).
21 . Dispositif (1 ) selon l'une des revendications 13 à 20, caractérisé en ce que l'organe d'actionnement (3) comporte une structure élastique à transformation brusque.21. Device (1) according to one of claims 13 to 20, characterized in that the actuating member (3) comprises an elastic structure with abrupt transformation.
22. Dispositif (1 ) selon l'une des revendications 13 à 21 , caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un dispositif de retenue magnétique de l'organe d'actionnement (3) nécessitant un effort minimal à exercer sur l'organe d'actionnement (3) pour entamer son mouvement.22. Device (1) according to one of claims 13 to 21, characterized in that it comprises a magnetic retaining device for the actuating member (3) requiring minimal effort to be exerted on the member. actuation (3) to start its movement.
23. Dispositif (1 ) selon la revendication 22, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de retenue comporte deux pièces ferromagnétiques (7, 8) coopérant lorsque l'organe d'actionnement (3) est dans l'une de ses positions, une première pièce (7) étant montée sur l'organe d'actionnement (3) et une seconde pièce (8) étant montée sur le corps (4) du dispositif (1 ).23. Device (1) according to claim 22, characterized in that the retaining device comprises two ferromagnetic parts (7, 8) cooperating when the actuating member (3) is in one of its positions, a first part (7) being mounted on the actuating member (3) and a second part (8) being mounted on the body (4) of the device (1).
24. Dispositif (1 , 10, 100) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 23, caractérisé en ce que l'élément mobile est une membrane (20) pivotante montée sur un substrat (24) et portant à l'une de ses extrémités un contact électrique (21 ) établissant la jonction électrique entre deux contacts fixes (41 , 42) disposés sur le substrat (24) lorsque la membrane (20) est dans la position de fermeture du circuit électrique.24. Device (1, 10, 100) according to one of claims 1 to 23, characterized in that the mobile element is a pivoting membrane (20) mounted on a substrate (24) and bearing at one of its ends an electrical contact (21) establishing the electrical junction between two fixed contacts (41, 42) disposed on the substrate (24) when the membrane (20) is in the closed position of the electrical circuit.
25. Dispositif (1 , 10, 100) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 24, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un dispositif de blindage magnétique (7, 8, 9). 25. Device (1, 10, 100) according to one of claims 1 to 24, characterized in that it comprises a magnetic shielding device (7, 8, 9).
EP06763534A 2005-06-06 2006-06-06 Electric circuit switching device using at least two permanent magnets Not-in-force EP1925008B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0551506A FR2886758B1 (en) 2005-06-06 2005-06-06 SWITCHING DEVICE FOR AN ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT USING TWO OPPOSITION MAGNETS
FR0553178A FR2892226B1 (en) 2005-10-19 2005-10-19 DEVICE FOR SWITCHING AN ELECTRIC CIRCUIT USING AT LEAST TWO PERMANENT MAGNETS
PCT/EP2006/062936 WO2006131520A1 (en) 2005-06-06 2006-06-06 Electric circuit switching device using at least two permanent magnets

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1925008A1 true EP1925008A1 (en) 2008-05-28
EP1925008B1 EP1925008B1 (en) 2010-01-20

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06763534A Not-in-force EP1925008B1 (en) 2005-06-06 2006-06-06 Electric circuit switching device using at least two permanent magnets

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1925008B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE456149T1 (en)
DE (1) DE602006011918D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2336248T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2006131520A1 (en)

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ATE456149T1 (en) 2010-02-15
WO2006131520A1 (en) 2006-12-14
EP1925008B1 (en) 2010-01-20
DE602006011918D1 (en) 2010-03-11
ES2336248T3 (en) 2010-04-09

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