EP1923516A2 - Method and device for dehumidification - Google Patents

Abstract

The method involves producing circulating air using a ventilator (10). An exhaust air is produced temporally based on a water vapor partial pressure difference between inside and outside and/or based on relative interior air humidity. The exhaust air is produced based on an external dynamic pressure in an exhaust air area. Heating, which is effective with respect to an upper surface, is carried out, where the object and/or the structure is heated. An independent claim is also included for an arrangement for dehumidifying object or structure in an area.

Description

The invention relates in a first embodiment of a method for dehumidifying of a moisture-permeable material, in particular building material, existing object or structure or a part thereof, in a room or as part of a room, wherein by means of a fan Umlauft is generated.

Such methods are in use. When building a new building, it is usually necessary to not wait until the moisture from the walls, floor and ceiling has sufficiently escaped, by raising the heating and ventilation to achieve adequate dehumidification. On the other hand, it is also known that in an existing building walls are wet. Here one proceeds in very different ways, one tries partly by construction measures or by effect of electromagnetic fields on the damp wall to reach an improvement.

It is looking for ways to improve the known method in its effect. Accordingly, the invention has the object to provide an improved method for dehumidification, as provided above.

This object is achieved first and foremost in the subject matter of claim 1, wherein it is provided that, in addition to the generation of circulating air by means of a fan, one temporally and / or in dependence of a Wasserdampfteildruckdifferenz between inside and outside and / or a relative indoor air humidity a controlled exhaust air is generated. It is essential that not only a certain heating and movement of the air in the interior of the room is made, but that, usually in conjunction with a further fan, but also said first fan can generate the exhaust air in principle by suitable airways, a forced exhaust air is generated. Here, therefore, a controlled removal of the room air is taken care of. But this not unconditioned and constantly, but depending on certain parameters such as in particular the aforementioned water vapor pressure difference between inside and outside or depending on the respective relative humidity of the room. With regard to the latter, in particular as a limit value which should not be undershot. Although this is not really necessary with regard to an efficiency of the dehumidification process. Because a low relative humidity in the room basically supports dehumidification. However, such a limit value makes sense in terms of comfort requirements of the users of the room and / or in consideration of sensitive therein or in the wall given objects or materials (works of art, wood). Here is also expressed that the inventive method, which is generally regarded as a long-term process, especially in used, for example, inhabited, rooms can be used. With regard to the mentioned parameters, suitable sensors are advantageously provided which are evaluated by means of, for example, an electronic control so that the named fan for the circulating or the exhaust air fan can be controlled accordingly.

In a further development of the invention, it is also procedurally provided that the exhaust air is generated as a function of a temperature difference between inside and outside. The exhaust air is only generated in this respect (ie specifically that the exhaust air fan is only in operation or a ventilation duct, via which the exhaust air fan sucks the air out of the room, is only open) if the temperature difference between inside and outside a specific setpoint exceeds. A preferred formula for this is that the outside air temperature should be greater than the inside temperature minus a certain amount of temperature (K). This amount is preferably in the range of 10 to 20 K, more preferably 15 K. If the room air temperature, for example, 20 ° C, the outdoor air temperature but 2 ° C, so when selecting the magnitude difference in temperature with 15 K no exhaust air can be generated.

In a further development, it is also provided that the exhaust air is generated as a function of an external back pressure in the exhaust air area. If, for example, there is wind on the exhaust air duct, no exhaust air is generated, as in the cases where the already mentioned steam partial pressure difference has not reached the desired threshold value and / or the relative humidity in the room to be dehumidified or in the room in which the object to be dehumidified is not reached a predetermined height.

Surprisingly, it has also been shown that such a method can also be used advantageously for the dehumidification of other objects, in particular in a further embodiment, as taught here or with a related device, as described below. This applies with regard to objects such as food or harvest products such as grain or corn, stored goods or other items or parts of structures made of porous sorbent materials. It is essential that with the procedure described here or a device described here, this dehumidification can be performed with comparatively very low energy consumption. And this even in very wide areas detached from the room size. A church room can therefore be dehumidified by this method, for example, with the same energy expenditure as a living room in a conventional apartment. The required power is below 500 W, preferably at 200 to 400 W.

The circulating air in the room is further preferably generated by suction to vertically above. If, as is preferred, the intake of the air to vertically above approximately in the center of the room, so that, in view of the resulting air roll, the natural movement, the lowering of the air at (outer) relatively cold walls only supported. Supportive or alternatively, care can be taken for a corresponding convective air flow. This, for example, by arranging a Heizköpers that leads to a convectively driven air roll in the room or by the below-mentioned irradiation by means of a heat source, whereupon in the surface region of the object to be dried resulting warm air is also known to rise and so "fresh" nachsaugt cooler air or less water-containing air. In this respect, it may also be recommended in individual cases, make the drive of the air roller adapted thereto, that suck by means of the fan close to the wall or with air in the center fan to actively blow the air against the ground, so they turn the close to vertical upward convective flow makes sense supported.

Regardless of the aforementioned possibility of generating a convective air flow, it has been found that while carrying out the method for dehumidifying it is advantageous to heat the article or the building. Here, the heating may relate in particular to a surface heating. Such a surface heating can be suitably achieved by means of a heat radiation source. In the simplest way, for example by means of a light bulb. If necessary, this alone, as already mentioned, the desired air flow can be brought about convection.

It is also preferable that the suction of the air in the room (circumscribed) is performed against a baffle plate separate from the article or structure becomes. Since it is also advantageous to carry out the suction, with vertically standing walls, for example, to the ceiling, it is advisable to arrange there, on the ceiling, the fan and to provide this on the back with the baffle plate. So dirt deposits on the ceiling can be avoided. More preferably, as already mentioned, the fan is arranged in the middle of the room.

Overall, it is preferred in this context - only - to cause air velocities in the range of 1.5 m / s or less, more preferably in the range of less than 1 m / s on the components to be dehumidified. This measured at a certain distance, for example, horizontal distance at a vertical wall. The measuring distance is suitably for example between 5 and 25 cm, advantageously 15 to 20 cm. Depending on the size of the room, when the air initially flows parallel to the ceiling, a recirculating roll develops, which is even slower at the other space-enclosing surfaces, in the example case mentioned of less than 1 m / s at about 0.5 m / s or flows less. Overall, it is called a laminar circulating air. In this way, a desired "adhesive effect" of the flowing air, that is, a "sticking" on the wall to be dehumidified, for example, achieved. This is particularly advantageous in order to produce the desired air movement in corner regions.

Excessive air movement leads to excessive dehumidification and thus superficial dehydration of the object to be dehumidified. The moisture transport in the object (capillaries) is interrupted, so that even an opposite effect is achieved.

The baffle plate mentioned in this context has a diameter which is preferably more than 40, more preferably more than 60 cm, in principle round Design, amounts. It is essential in this context that the baffle plate is at least adapted to the diameter of the fan or the air flow caused thereby. Notwithstanding a circular design, the baffle plate may also have a rectangular, square or other floor plan. It should be easy to clean and usually have a certain distance from the ceiling, which should be protected by this. The vertical distance to the ceiling can be 3 to 6 cm.

With regard to the water vapor partial pressure difference between inside and outside, it is preferred that the exhaust air is only generated or only when this steam water partial pressure difference exceeds the value of 200 N / m ² . Here, the higher pressure is then the water vapor pressure inside the room.

In addition, in addition or alternatively, it is advantageous to carry out the external air exchange as a function of a wind back pressure in the exhaust air area. If, for example, this dynamic pressure reaches more than half of the air pressure that can be generated by the exhaust air fan, the generation of exhaust air can be stopped. Preferably, the exhaust air is generated only when the back pressure is less than 6 Pa, in particular less than 4 Pa.

With regard to the relative humidity, which continues to be used alternatively or additionally with regard to the switching on and off of the fan which generates the circulating air, active dehumidification (only) should take place at a relative room air humidity of less than 60%, preferably in the range of 30 to 60%, more preferably in the range of 45 to 60%. This is dependent, as already mentioned above, on specific requirements that may be made on account of the construction of the space or objects located therein.

With regard to the circuit of the exhaust fan beyond a dependence on the outside temperature, outside the room, that is usually the free ambient temperature, recommended. The additional activation of the exhaust air valve should not be carried out at outside temperatures of more than 15K below the normal room air temperature, ie below a temperature of 20 ° C. This is particularly advantageous in terms of energy balance.

With regard to the above-mentioned dependence of the exhaust air fan on the external wind pressure, it is recommended to prevent too frequent switching in gusty wind conditions to perform a certain averaging over time with respect to the wind pressure and only such an average value as a reference value in the control to use. By a relatively large period involved in the evaluation, that is, for example, 1 to 5 minutes, it should be prevented that too short a turn on and off takes place. The reaction to changing wind pressure should be lethargic. Only when the wind pressure has remained constantly below the (averaged) reference value for more than the stated period of time should a (re-) activation of the exhaust air fan take place.

In addition to the method described so far in one of its embodiments, it is also advantageous to allow an electromagnetic field to act on the object to be dehumidified or the part of the structure that is to be dehumidified. In particular, this should be an alternating electric field, the structure and coincidence of which repeats itself in a certain frequency, combined with the placing of a field-generating antenna at a distance from the object or structure.

The frequency of the alternating voltage field may preferably be greater than 50 Hz, more preferably in the range of 100 Hz to 200 kHz. The voltage is preferably given with a current waveform having steep edges, for example, rectangular signals.

It should also be noted that the dehumidification process described here is to be understood as a long-term process. It usually needs to be done over several days, if not weeks or months in this form. For certain applications, such as apartments, garden sheds or garden sauna rooms, garages, etc., a permanent application is also recommended.

1. a) die Wasserdampfteildruckdifferenz innen zu außen ist größer als ein bestimmter vorgegebener Wert, nämlich insbesondere größer als 200 Pa (N/m²);
2. b) die relative Raumluftfeuchte ist größer als 45 bis 60 % (je nach Anforderung);
3. c) die Temperaturdifferenz zwischen Außentemperatur und Innentemperatur, letztere noch vermindert um eine Konstante von beispielsweise 15 K, ist größer als vorbestimmter Wert, insbesondere größer als 5 K;
4. d) der Staudruck auf die Fortluftöffnung ist kleiner als 4 Pa; und
5. e) das Verfahren wird bevorzugt nur dann durchgeführt, wenn keine Personen im Raum sind.

In summary, the significance of the method is also seen in particular in that the following conditions are fulfilled in combination:

1. a) the water vapor partial pressure difference inside to outside is greater than a certain predetermined value, namely in particular greater than 200 Pa (N / m ² );
2. b) the relative humidity is greater than 45 to 60% (as required);
3. c) the temperature difference between the outside temperature and the inside temperature, the latter still reduced by a constant of, for example, 15 K, is greater than a predetermined value, in particular greater than 5 K;
4. d) the back pressure on the exhaust air opening is less than 4 Pa; and
5. e) the method is preferably carried out only when there are no people in the room.

In this case, only the above-mentioned conditions b), c) and e) are of importance with regard to the circulating air circulation.

The invention is in a second embodiment, a device for dehumidifying of moisture-permeable material, in particular building material, existing objects or structures or parts thereof, wherein a room air fan is provided.

In this respect, the invention has the object to provide an advantageous device for dehumidification.

This object is achieved first and foremost in the subject matter of claim 7, wherein it is pointed out that in combination with the room air fan, which is controllable, an exhaust air outlet assigned to a vent path is provided. According to the invention, an arrangement of together, coordinated working fans, a recirculation fan and an exhaust fan, created that allows scheduled air conditions arise in the room with the wall to be dehumidified or the object to be dehumidified.

Further preferably, sensors are provided which determine the room temperature and / or the outside air temperature and / or the steam partial pressure inside or outside and / or the relative indoor humidity and provide the values thus determined an evaluation unit, depending on the then a control of said components is made. Such sensors are known per se. In the simplest case, concerning the temperature, they are temperature sensors. Next water vapor sensor and the like.

More preferably, the arrangement may also have a heat radiation source. Such a heat radiation source, which leads to a measurable increase in temperature in the outer surface of the object to be dehumidified or component section, an improved moisture transport inside the object to be dehumidified but also a better release of the moisture is achieved to the outside. It is preferred that the device further comprises a baffle plate. This is especially true if, as is preferred, the room air fan, to which the baffle plate is then assigned, as is also preferred, is arranged on the ceiling side. The fan sucks the air towards the device. The baffle plate is advantageous in order to protect areas behind it, such as the ceiling of a room, from direct and constant exposure to entrained in the air debris or the entrained moisture.

It is also preferred that the device is designed so that the per se continuous circulating air fan automatically shuts off when using a room in which the device is located. In this context, it is further preferred that the device possibly switches off altogether. So including any exhaust air fan and / or heating elements such as light bulbs. This, in order to prevent an air flow and noise that is not perceived as comfortable for the period, which is generally relatively small in the room under consideration, in which there are approximately persons. Only when the people have left the room or there are no people in the room, the fan runs in the specified manner constantly.

In any case, the circulating air fan, moreover, preferably runs continuously, wherein such dehumidifying operations are to be carried out over a period of time in any case after days, if necessary also after weeks or months is to be measured. In contrast, the exhaust air fan runs only if the specified conditions are met.

The shutdown of the fan when there are people in the room can be made in the usual way by means of a motion detector and / or a timer.

It is also preferable that the circulating air fan is a slow-running fan. Preferably has a diameter of greater than 20 cm and is vibration isolated.

It is also preferred that the device includes or is connected to a temperature measuring device. By means of the temperature measuring device, in particular in combination with a heating device or the said thermal radiation, an optimum temperature for the implementation of the method can be set or maintained in each case. It has been found that a favorable temperature is the usual room temperature, preferably between 20 and 25 ° C, or moreover up to 40 ° C, is. At the bottom, the temperature should not exceed 15 ° C.

Last but not least, it is preferred that the device contains a moisture measuring device or is connected thereto (control technology). This not only concerning the humidity in the interior of the room, but possibly also outside. A measurement of the absolute humidity and / or the relative humidity can take place. In addition, the device with a wind pressure gauge (of course only on the outside) be connected control technology. Continue with a sensor with regard to the relative humidity inside and / or outside.

For the room an exhaust air opening is provided, through which the room air (then referred to as 'exhaust air') can be deducted. This can be controlled by a separate flap. The exhaust air fan itself can just be connected to the controller. It is further preferred that the exhaust air opening is associated with the typical leeward side of a building. The exhaust air fan can be arranged outside the opening of the exhaust air opening.

The circuitry evaluation of the mentioned measurements, which may be carried out in the device by a related programming, such as by means of a microchip or a fixed circuit in a circuit board, is used in particular to the effect that the exhaust fan or the ventilation door are actuated with respect to the exhaust air if the water vapor pressure difference between indoor and outdoor air has exceeded a certain threshold, for example more than 200 N / m ² , and / or the outside temperature is between minus 5 and plus 15 ° and / or a not too high wind pressure is present on the outside air discharge. This circuit may also allow the fan or vent on each object side, not just on the lee side of an object, to operate favorably. Next, of course, then one or more Zuluftöffnungen to provide the room, so far the discharged air can be tracked again. Suitably, these are spatially advantageous to arrange away from the exhaust port.

Independently or in addition to a corresponding circuit of the system, for example the activation of the exhaust air, an optical display can also be provided, for example in the form of a green light, which signal indicates that favorable conditions for ventilation are provided. So that ultimately the corresponding circuit can be performed by hand.

It is also preferred that the device has an antenna in order to be able to apply an electromagnetic field to the object to be dehumidified or to the wall to be dehumidified, etc. The action of the antenna with electrical signals in detail for generating the electromagnetic field has already been described above, to which extent reference is made here.

The invention will be further explained below with reference to the accompanying drawing, which, however, shows only one embodiment. Here, the only illustration shows a schematic arrangement of a dehumidifying device for performing a dehumidification on an upright wall of a building.

Shown and described is a schematically illustrated room 1 with a ceiling 2, an upstanding wall 3, a floor 4 and a window 5 having outer wall. 6

The wall 3 is damp and should be dehumidified.

For this purpose, a dehumidifying device 7 is suspended from the ceiling 2 of the room 1. The dehumidifying device 7 has, here covered by a box 8, an antenna which, fed by an electric coil and an associated voltage generator, possibly in a certain rhythm, an alternating electric field, indicated by the lines 9, generated. The device is connected to the power supply of the room or has its own power supply (battery, accumulator). Next, or as in the embodiment preferred, surrounding, to the box 8, a slow-running, vibration-insulated fan 10 is arranged, which sucks in air and thus generates a virtually laminar flow past a wall 3 on a wall. Due to the low flow velocity, the flow "sticks" to the wall. In the outer wall 3, an outside air opening 12 is provided, which can be opened and closed by a flap 11. The flap 11 is also controlled by the device 7 by means of a control line 13 and an actuating element, not shown, such as an electric motor. For this purpose, the device has a corresponding control circuit or a controller deposited on a circuit board or a control by a correspondingly programmed microprocessor. The control can be carried out in particular as a function of a partial water vapor pressure difference and / or a wind pressure detected by a wind pressure gauge (outside) 15. Furthermore, a vapor pressure measuring device 16, which is coupled to the device via a line 17 and / or other, for the measurement values already mentioned above required measuring sensor provided, which are then all suitably switched to said circuit.

It is essential that controlled by an exhaust fan 23, optionally in conjunction with the only schematically indicated ventilation flap 11, a targeted exhaust air flow is generated under the conditions already described above.

With regard to the fan 10 and other parts of the device is important that this, as seen in the drawing, with only (in plan view from below) moving on a circular band rotor blades is formed, with an inner hub portion is also located in the box 8. So even more favorable the desired air rollers can be produced.

The dehumidifying device 7 further preferably has a heat radiation unit 18, which in the exemplary embodiment consists of a plurality of light bulbs 19, which are arranged on a pivotable mounting plate 20. Further, in the embodiment, the support plate 20 is attached to the base of the device via a downwardly projecting support rod 21. The radiation sources can be suitably directed to the dehumidifying wall area.

On the rear side of the fan 10, in the exemplary embodiment also across the box 8, a baffle plate 22 is arranged, which protects the ceiling 2 from the air flow generated by the fan 10 (moisture-laden and dirt-laden).

All disclosed features are essential to the invention. The disclosure of the associated / attached priority documents (copy of the prior application) is hereby also incorporated in full in the disclosure of the application, also for the purpose of including features of these documents in claims of the present application.

Claims (13)

Method for dehumidifying of a moisture-permeable substance, in particular building material, existing object or structure or a part thereof, in a room or as part of a room, wherein by means of a fan circulating air is generated, characterized in that in addition a temporally and / or in Dependence of a water vapor partial pressure difference between inside and outside and / or exhaust air controlled in dependence on the relative room air humidity is generated. A method according to claim 1 or in particular, characterized in that the exhaust air is generated in dependence on a temperature difference between inside and outside. Method according to one or more of the preceding claims or in particular according to that the exhaust air is generated in dependence on an external back pressure in the exhaust air area. Method according to one or more of the preceding claims or in particular according thereto, characterized in that an effective heating with respect to the surface is carried out. Method according to one or more of the preceding claims or in particular according thereto, characterized in that the article or the building is heated. Method according to one or more of the preceding claims or in particular according thereto, characterized in that the air from the recirculation fan is directed against a separate from the object or structure baffle plate. Arrangement for dehumidifying existing of a moisture-permeable fabric article or part of a building (3) with a controllable room air fan, characterized in that combined with the room air fan (10) an exhaust air outlet associated exhaust air fan (23) is provided. Arrangement according to claim 7 or in particular according thereto, characterized by sensors for the room temperature and / or the outside air temperature and / or the water vapor partial pressure and / or the relative room humidity. Arrangement according to one or more of the preceding claims or in particular according thereto, characterized in that the arrangement comprises a heat radiation source (18). Arrangement according to one or more of the preceding claims or in particular according thereto, characterized in that essential parts of the arrangement are combined in one device .sind. Arrangement according to one or more of the preceding claims or in particular according thereto, characterized in that the device (7) is designed for suspension installation. Arrangement according to one or more of the preceding claims or in particular according thereto, characterized in that the device (7) has a baffle plate (22). Arrangement according to one or more of the preceding claims or in particular according thereto, characterized in that the constantly running fan (10) switches off automatically when using a space in which the device (7) is located.

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