EP1921706B1 - High frequency switch - Google Patents

High frequency switch Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1921706B1
EP1921706B1 EP20070018310 EP07018310A EP1921706B1 EP 1921706 B1 EP1921706 B1 EP 1921706B1 EP 20070018310 EP20070018310 EP 20070018310 EP 07018310 A EP07018310 A EP 07018310A EP 1921706 B1 EP1921706 B1 EP 1921706B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
high frequency
frequency
pass filter
switched
output
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Application number
EP20070018310
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1921706A1 (en
Inventor
Gregor Kleine
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rohde and Schwarz GmbH and Co KG
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Rohde and Schwarz GmbH and Co KG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/10—Auxiliary devices for switching or interrupting
    • H01P1/15—Auxiliary devices for switching or interrupting by semiconductor devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/20—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters
    • H01P1/213—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters combining or separating two or more different frequencies

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a high-frequency switch according to the preamble of the main claim.
  • High-frequency switches of this type are known as so-called.
  • Crossovers or diplexers consist of a low-pass branch, via which high-frequency signals with a frequency up to the cut-off frequency of the low-pass filter can be transmitted to a common output, and a high-frequency branch, via which high-frequency signals of frequencies above this low-pass cutoff frequency can be transmitted to the output.
  • Switchable crossovers are known in which, for example via PIN diodes, the cut-off frequency of the high or low pass is switchable so that the frequency ranges of the high and low pass do not overlap (eg U.S. Patent 6,411,176 ). These known crossovers are circuitry very complex, especially for applications at very high frequencies in the GHz range.
  • the high-frequency switch according to the invention the high-pass usual in crossovers is avoided, the high-frequency signals above the cut-off frequency of the low pass are supplied only via electronic switches, preferably PIN diodes. Additional switching elements in the high-frequency branch are superfluous. Only the supply of low frequencies up to the cutoff frequency in the high-frequency switch according to the invention is still a low pass, which is preferably also additionally switchable so that when the high-frequency branch of the low pass only acts as a throttle for the separation of low-pass branch and high-frequency branch.
  • Fig. 1 shows a high-frequency switch according to the invention, with the optional high-frequency signals from low frequencies to a predetermined cutoff frequency (for example, up to 3 GHz) from the input E1 to the output A are switched through and high-frequency signals of frequencies above this cutoff frequency of the low-pass filter (for example, over 3 GHz) from the input E2 to the common output A.
  • a predetermined cutoff frequency for example, up to 3 GHz
  • the input E1 for example, RF signals of a signal generator with a frequency range of low frequencies up to 3 GHz or via the input E2 RF signals in a frequency range of 3 to 6 GHz can be used
  • Output A are switched through.
  • the low-frequency branch between input E1 and output A consists in a known manner of a low-pass filter TP, constructed in the embodiment of the two parallel capacitances 12, 13 and the series inductors 10 and 11.
  • the high-frequency branch between input E2 and output A consists of only one switchable PIN diode 30.
  • the voltage applied to the node A leading to the node K inductance 11 of the low-pass filter is dimensioned so that it acts as a throttle for the high-frequency path when the PIN diode 30 is turned on and so the low-pass filter TP and its input E1 from the high-frequency Input E2 disconnects.
  • control lines required for turning the PIN diode 30 ON and OFF are not shown in the exemplary embodiment, they are designed in a conventional manner and dimensioned so that they do not disturb the direct switching of the high-frequency signals from the input E2 to the output A.
  • the inductance 11 can assume a high value that is unsuitable for its realization.
  • the PIN diode 15 is switched together with the PIN diode 30 of the high-frequency branch so that when the PIN diode 30 and thus supply of a high-frequency signal via the input E2, the PIN diode 15 is turned OFF and thus the inductance 14th is switched off and only the inductor 11 remains switched on.
  • the PIN diode 15 has no disturbing influence on the low-frequency signal path, since this leads from the input E1 via the inductors 10 and 11.
  • Fig. 2 shows yet another embodiment of a high-frequency switch according to the invention.
  • the high-frequency branch exists in Fig. 2 not only from a single input E2 with an associated switching PIN diode 30, but may be composed of several parallel-connected high-frequency branches E2 to En with corresponding PIN diodes 30 to 40. In this way, one of several different high-frequency signals to the common output A can be fed via the inputs E2 to En either.
  • the invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiments.
  • the electronic switches 15 and 30 to 40 are each mentioned PIN diodes, but other electronic switches such as field effect transistors or the like could be used.
  • PIN diodes have a lower limit frequency in the MHz range, which does not interfere with their use as electronic switches for switching through the high-frequency branches via the inputs E2 to E n, however.

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  • Electronic Switches (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Hochfrequenz-Umschalter laut Oberbegriff des Hauptanspruches.The invention relates to a high-frequency switch according to the preamble of the main claim.

Hochfrequenz-Umschalter dieser Art sind bekannt als sog. Frequenzweichen oder Diplexer. Sie bestehen aus einem Tiefpass-Zweig, über den Hochfrequenzsignale mit einer Frequenz bis zur Grenzfrequenz des Tiefpasses zu einem gemeinsamen Ausgang übertragbar sind, sowie einem Hochfrequenz-Zweig, über den Hochfrequenzsignale von Frequenzen oberhalb dieser Tiefpassgrenzfrequenz zum Ausgang übertragbar sind. Es sind auch sog. schaltbare Frequenzweichen bekannt, bei denen beispielsweise über PIN-Dioden die Grenzfrequenz des Hoch- bzw. Tief-Passes so umschaltbar ist, dass die Frequenzbereiche des Hoch- und Tiefpasses sich nicht mehr überlappen (z.B. nach US-Patent 6,411,176 ). Diese bekannten Frequenzweichen sind schaltungstechnisch sehr aufwändig, vor allem für Anwendungen bei sehr hohen Frequenzen im GHz-Bereich.High-frequency switches of this type are known as so-called. Crossovers or diplexers. They consist of a low-pass branch, via which high-frequency signals with a frequency up to the cut-off frequency of the low-pass filter can be transmitted to a common output, and a high-frequency branch, via which high-frequency signals of frequencies above this low-pass cutoff frequency can be transmitted to the output. There are also known. Switchable crossovers are known in which, for example via PIN diodes, the cut-off frequency of the high or low pass is switchable so that the frequency ranges of the high and low pass do not overlap (eg U.S. Patent 6,411,176 ). These known crossovers are circuitry very complex, especially for applications at very high frequencies in the GHz range.

Dokument US-A-5 442 812 wird als nächstliegender Stand der Technik angesehen und es offenbart ein Tiefpassfilter aus Kapazitäten und dielektrischen koaxialen Resonatoren vorgesehen. Zur Entkopplung der Empfängerseite bei durchgeschaltetem Sendersignal ist eine Induktivität, die als Drossel wirkt, vorgesehen. Dieser Aufbau des Tiefpassfilters ist relativ aufwändig und vor allem bei sehr hohen Frequenzen im GHZ-Bereich schwierig zu realisieren.document US-A-5,442,812 It is considered to be the closest prior art and discloses a low-pass filter of capacitances and dielectric coaxial resonators. For decoupling the receiver side when the transmitter signal is switched on, an inductance which acts as a throttle is provided. This construction of the low-pass filter is relatively complex and difficult to realize, especially at very high frequencies in the GHZ range.

Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, einen im Aufbau einfacheren Hochfrequenz-Umschalter zu schaffen, der diese Nachteile vermeidet.It is an object of the invention to provide a simpler in construction high-frequency switch, which avoids these disadvantages.

Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe durch einen Hochfrequenz-Umschalter laut Hauptanspruch. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.This problem is solved by a high frequency switch according to the main claim. Advantageous developments emerge from the subclaims.

Beim erfindungsgemäßen Hochfrequenz-Umschalter wird der bei Frequenzweichen übliche Hochpass vermieden, die hochfrequenten Signale oberhalb der Grenzfrequenz des Tiefpasses werden nur über elektronische Schalter, vorzugsweise PIN-Dioden, zugeführt. Zusätzliche Schaltelemente im Hochfrequenz-Zweig sind überflüssig. Nur die Zufuhr der tiefen Frequenzen bis zur Grenzfrequenz erfolgt beim erfindungsgemäßen Hochfrequenz-Umschalter noch über einen Tiefpass, der vorzugsweise zusätzlich noch so umschaltbar ist, dass bei eingeschaltetem Hochfrequenz-Zweig der Tiefpass nur noch als Drossel zur Trennung von Tiefpasszweig und Hochfrequenz-Zweig wirkt.In the high-frequency switch according to the invention the high-pass usual in crossovers is avoided, the high-frequency signals above the cut-off frequency of the low pass are supplied only via electronic switches, preferably PIN diodes. Additional switching elements in the high-frequency branch are superfluous. Only the supply of low frequencies up to the cutoff frequency in the high-frequency switch according to the invention is still a low pass, which is preferably also additionally switchable so that when the high-frequency branch of the low pass only acts as a throttle for the separation of low-pass branch and high-frequency branch.

Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden anhand schematischer Zeichnungen an Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
ein vereinfachtes Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Hochfrequenz-Umschalters,
Fig. 2
ein bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel eines solchen Hochfrequenz-Umschalters.
The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to schematic drawings of exemplary embodiments. Show it:
Fig. 1
a simplified embodiment of a high-frequency switch according to the invention,
Fig. 2
a preferred embodiment of such a high-frequency switch.

Fig. 1 zeigt einen erfindungsgemäßen Hochfrequenz-Umschalter, mit dem wahlweise Hochfrequenz-Signale von tiefen Frequenzen bis zu einer vorbestimmten Grenzfrequenz (beispielsweise bis 3 GHz) vom Eingang E1 zum Ausgang A durchschaltbar sind und Hochfrequenz-Signale von Frequenzen oberhalb dieser Grenzfrequenz des Tiefpasses (beispielsweise über 3 GHz) vom Eingang E2 zum gemeinsamen Ausgang A. Über den Eingang E1 können so beispielsweise wahlweise HF-Signale eines Signalgenerators mit einem Frequenzbereich von tiefen Frequenzen bis zu 3 GHz oder über den Eingang E2 HF-Signale in einem Frequenzbereich von 3 bis 6 GHz zum Ausgang A durchgeschaltet werden. Fig. 1 shows a high-frequency switch according to the invention, with the optional high-frequency signals from low frequencies to a predetermined cutoff frequency (for example, up to 3 GHz) from the input E1 to the output A are switched through and high-frequency signals of frequencies above this cutoff frequency of the low-pass filter (for example, over 3 GHz) from the input E2 to the common output A. By way of the input E1, for example, RF signals of a signal generator with a frequency range of low frequencies up to 3 GHz or via the input E2 RF signals in a frequency range of 3 to 6 GHz can be used Output A are switched through.

Der tieffrequente Zweig zwischen Eingang E1 und Ausgang A besteht in bekannter Weise aus einem Tiefpass TP, im Ausführungsbeispiel aufgebaut aus den beiden Parallelkapazitäten 12, 13 sowie den Serien-Induktivitäten 10 und 11. Der hochfrequente Zweig zwischen Eingang E2 und Ausgang A besteht nur aus einer schaltbaren PIN-Diode 30. Die an dem zum Ausgang A führenden Knoten K anliegende Induktivität 11 des Tiefpasses wird so dimensioniert, dass sie für den hochfrequenten Weg bei eingeschalteter PIN-Diode 30 als Drossel wirkt und so den Tiefpass TP und dessen Eingang E1 vom hochfrequenten Eingang E2 trennt.The low-frequency branch between input E1 and output A consists in a known manner of a low-pass filter TP, constructed in the embodiment of the two parallel capacitances 12, 13 and the series inductors 10 and 11. The high-frequency branch between input E2 and output A consists of only one switchable PIN diode 30. The voltage applied to the node A leading to the node K inductance 11 of the low-pass filter is dimensioned so that it acts as a throttle for the high-frequency path when the PIN diode 30 is turned on and so the low-pass filter TP and its input E1 from the high-frequency Input E2 disconnects.

Die zum EIN- und AUS-Schalten der PIN-Diode 30 erforderlichen Steuerleitungen sind in dem Ausführungsbeispiel nicht dargestellt, sie sind in üblicher Weise ausgebildet und so dimensioniert, dass sie das direkte Durchschalten der hochfrequenten Signale vom Eingang E2 zum Ausgang A nicht weiter stören.The control lines required for turning the PIN diode 30 ON and OFF are not shown in the exemplary embodiment, they are designed in a conventional manner and dimensioned so that they do not disturb the direct switching of the high-frequency signals from the input E2 to the output A.

Die Induktivität 11 kann je nach gewünschter Grenzfrequenz des Tiefpasses einen für dessen Realisierung ungeeigneten hohen Wert annehmen. Um auch in solchen Fällen diese vorteilhafte Struktur eines Hochfrequenz-Umschalters nach Fig. 1 zu ermöglichen, wird gemäß der Weiterbildung nach Fig. 2 parallel zur Induktivität 11 eine über eine PIN-Diode 15 zu- und abschaltbare weitere Induktivität 14 angeordnet. Die PIN-Diode 15 wird zusammen mit der PIN-Diode 30 des Hochfrequenz-Zweiges so geschaltet, dass bei eingeschalteter PIN-Diode 30 und damit Zufuhr eines hochfrequenten Signales über den Eingang E2 die PIN-Diode 15 AUS-geschaltet und somit die Induktivität 14 abgeschaltet wird und nur noch die Induktivität 11 zugeschaltet bleibt. Die PIN-Diode 15 hat keinen störenden Einfluss auf den tieffrequenten Signalweg, da dieser vom Eingang E1 über die Induktivitäten 10 und 11 führt.Depending on the desired cutoff frequency of the low-pass filter, the inductance 11 can assume a high value that is unsuitable for its realization. To even in such cases, this advantageous structure of a high-frequency switch after Fig. 1 to enable, according to the training after Fig. 2 arranged parallel to the inductor 11 via a PIN diode 15 and switched off further inductance 14. The PIN diode 15 is switched together with the PIN diode 30 of the high-frequency branch so that when the PIN diode 30 and thus supply of a high-frequency signal via the input E2, the PIN diode 15 is turned OFF and thus the inductance 14th is switched off and only the inductor 11 remains switched on. The PIN diode 15 has no disturbing influence on the low-frequency signal path, since this leads from the input E1 via the inductors 10 and 11.

In einem praktischen Ausführungsbeispiel für das oben angegebene Frequenzkonzept von tieffrequentem Zweig bis 3 GHz und hochfrequentem Zweig von 3 bis 6 GHz besteht die Induktivität 11 beispielsweise aus einer Spule von relativ hoher Induktivität, beispielsweise 12 nH, und die für die Dimensionierung des Tiefpasses TP mit zu berücksichtigende Induktivität 14 aus einer sehr kleinen Induktivität von beispielsweise nur 3-4 nH, so dass bei EIN-geschalteter PIN-Diode 15 die beiden Induktivitäten 11, 14 parallel geschaltet sind und damit ein für die Dimensionierung des Tiefpasses erforderliche geringer Induktivitätswert wirksam ist, während bei AUS-geschalteter PIN-Diode 15 nur die Induktivität 11 von relativ großem Induktivitätswert als Trenndrossel zwischen den Eingängen E1 und E2 wirksam ist.In a practical embodiment of the above-mentioned frequency concept of low-frequency branch to 3 GHz and high-frequency branch of 3 to 6 GHz, the inductance 11, for example, from a coil of relatively high inductance, for example, 12 nH, and for the dimensioning of the low-pass TP with too taking into account inductance 14 from a very small inductance of, for example, only 3-4 nH, so that when ON-connected PIN diode 15, the two inductors 11, 14 are connected in parallel and thus a required for the dimensioning of the low-pass low inductance value is effective while When the PIN diode 15 is OFF, only the inductance 11 of a relatively large inductance value is effective as an isolating choke between the inputs E1 and E2.

Fig. 2 zeigt noch eine weitere Ausgestaltung eines erfindungsgemäßen Hochfrequenz-Umschalters. Der hochfrequente Zweig besteht in Fig. 2 nicht nur aus einem einzigen Eingang E2 mit einer zugehörigen Schalt-PIN-Diode 30, sondern kann aus mehreren parallel geschalteten Hochfrequenz-Zweigen E2 bis En mit entsprechenden PIN-Dioden 30 bis 40 aufgebaut sein. Auf diese Weise können über die Eingänge E2 bis En wahlweise eines von mehreren verschiedenen hochfrequenten Signalen dem gemeinsamen Ausgang A zugeführt werden. Fig. 2 shows yet another embodiment of a high-frequency switch according to the invention. The high-frequency branch exists in Fig. 2 not only from a single input E2 with an associated switching PIN diode 30, but may be composed of several parallel-connected high-frequency branches E2 to En with corresponding PIN diodes 30 to 40. In this way, one of several different high-frequency signals to the common output A can be fed via the inputs E2 to En either.

Die Erfindung ist nicht auf die dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele beschränkt. Im obigen Ausführungsbeispiel sind als elektronische Schalter 15 sowie 30 bis 40 jeweils PIN-Dioden erwähnt, es könnten jedoch auch andere elektronische Schalter wie Feldeffekttransistoren oder dergleichen benutzt werden. PIN-Dioden besitzen zwar eine untere Grenzfrequenz im MHz-Bereich, was bei ihrem Einsatz als elektronische Schalter zum Durchschalten der hochfrequenten Zweige über die Eingänge E2 bis En jedoch nicht weiter stört.The invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiments. In the above embodiment, as the electronic switches 15 and 30 to 40 are each mentioned PIN diodes, but other electronic switches such as field effect transistors or the like could be used. Although PIN diodes have a lower limit frequency in the MHz range, which does not interfere with their use as electronic switches for switching through the high-frequency branches via the inputs E2 to E n, however.

Claims (3)

  1. High frequency changeover switch with which high frequency signals with frequencies up to a predetermined limit frequency can optionally be switched through to an output (A) via a low pass filter (TP), or high frequency signals of frequencies above this limit frequency can be switched through to an output (A) via high frequency branches,
    it being possible to switch through the high frequency signals of frequencies above the limit frequency directly to the output (A) via at least one electronic switch (30, 40),
    the inductive part of the low pass filter (TP), in this switch position, acting only as a choke which separates the low frequency input (E1) from the high frequency input(s) (E2 to En) ,
    characterized in that a further inductor (14), connected to the output (A), of the low pass filter (TP), is switched via a further electronic switch (15) parallel to a greater inductor (11), so that in the switched-on state of the further electronic switch (15), the parallel connection of the two inductors (11, 14) determines the low pass filter (TP), and in the switched-off state of the further electronic switch (15), only the greater inductor (11) acts between the output (A) and the low pass filter (TP), the low pass filter (TP) being switched to a separating choke.
  2. High frequency changeover switch according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the electronic switch(es) which switch the high frequency signals through to the output (A) are switchable PIN diodes (30, 40).
  3. High frequency changeover switch according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the further electronic switch which switches the low pass filter (TP) to a separating choke is a switchable PIN diode (15).
EP20070018310 2006-11-07 2007-09-18 High frequency switch Active EP1921706B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200610052433 DE102006052433A1 (en) 2006-11-07 2006-11-07 High frequency-change-over switch e.g. frequency switch, has PIN-diode directly switching high frequency-signals to output, and inductors of low-pass filter operate only as throttle separating low-frequency input from high-frequency inputs

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1921706A1 EP1921706A1 (en) 2008-05-14
EP1921706B1 true EP1921706B1 (en) 2009-07-15

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Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102012208555B4 (en) * 2012-05-22 2023-07-27 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. Kommanditgesellschaft Switchable crossover and signal generator
CN106452409A (en) * 2016-11-14 2017-02-22 江苏本能科技有限公司 Radio frequency circuit gating switch

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5442812A (en) * 1992-07-08 1995-08-15 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Antenna switching apparatus for selectively connecting antenna to transmitter or receiver
FI97086C (en) * 1994-02-09 1996-10-10 Lk Products Oy Arrangements for separation of transmission and reception
EP0784384B1 (en) * 1995-07-19 2003-04-16 TDK Corporation Antenna switch
US5789995A (en) * 1996-09-20 1998-08-04 Motorola, Inc. Low loss electronic radio frequency switch
JP3310203B2 (en) * 1997-07-25 2002-08-05 株式会社東芝 High frequency switch device
JP2001102957A (en) * 1999-09-28 2001-04-13 Murata Mfg Co Ltd Composite high-frequency component and mobile communication device using same
ATE545206T1 (en) * 1999-12-28 2012-02-15 Hitachi Metals Ltd HIGH FREQUENCY CIRCUIT, HIGH FREQUENCY SWITCHING MODULE AND WIRELESS COMMUNICATION DEVICE THEREFROM

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DE502007001063D1 (en) 2009-08-27
DE102006052433A1 (en) 2008-05-08
EP1921706A1 (en) 2008-05-14

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