EP1920196B1 - Appareil de gestion de l'air - Google Patents

Appareil de gestion de l'air Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1920196B1
EP1920196B1 EP06766097.7A EP06766097A EP1920196B1 EP 1920196 B1 EP1920196 B1 EP 1920196B1 EP 06766097 A EP06766097 A EP 06766097A EP 1920196 B1 EP1920196 B1 EP 1920196B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fan
heat exchanger
fluid
handling apparatus
air handling
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Active
Application number
EP06766097.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1920196A1 (fr
Inventor
William Michael Quigley
Mark Forkin
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Nuaire Ltd
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Nuaire Ltd
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Publication of EP1920196A1 publication Critical patent/EP1920196A1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0046—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater using natural energy, e.g. solar energy, energy from the ground
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D5/00—Hot-air central heating systems; Exhaust gas central heating systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an air handling apparatus and in particular to an air handling apparatus used in a ventilating, heating and cooling system according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a ventilating, heating and cooling system according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such a system is known from US-A-6 223 545 .
  • EP 0808441 discloses an air heating and heat recovery ventilation system with one or more solar panels of the type which transmit incident solar radiation into the housing, a solar radiation absorber in the housing and air inlet and outlet ports to enable air to be circulated through the panel to collect heat from the panel.
  • the system includes an air handling apparatus which comprises an air-to-water heat exchanger and means for forcing the heated air from the solar panels through the heat exchanger, thereby transferring heat to water in the domestic hot water supply system and forcing warm air emerging from the heat exchanger to flow around the house.
  • the air handling apparatus comprises four distinct and separate chambers. The air handling apparatus described therein does not respond quickly or easily to changes in temperature or indeed in response to alterations of the control system governing the air heating and heat recovery ventilation system.
  • the present invention seeks to alleviate the problems associated with known air handling apparatuses.
  • the present invention provides an air handling apparatus as claimed in claim 1.
  • the inlet port attached to the first heat exchanger is connected to the outlet port connected to the second fan.
  • the inlet port attached to the second heat exchanger is connected to the outlet port connected to the first fan.
  • the separation means comprises a damper rotatable around a central axis point between the first and second position.
  • a single loop is formed in which fluid flows through the first fan and fluid outlet port. Fluid re-enters the air handling apparatus through fluid inlet port and passes through the first heat exchanger through the second fan and fluid outlet port. Fluid subsequently re-enters the air handling apparatus 1 again through the fluid inlet port attached to the second heat exchanger.
  • the second position forms two distinct closed loops.
  • fluid flows through the second fan and fluid outlet re-entering the air handling apparatus through fluid inlet port attached to the second heat exchanger.
  • the second loop comprises fluid exiting the air handling apparatus though the first fan and fluid outlet port subsequently re-entering through the fluid inlet port attached to the first heat exchanger.
  • the damper is operated by a single motor.
  • the air handling apparatus further comprises one or more filters.
  • the air handling apparatus uses a plurality of different sized filters. In practice it is preferable to use larger filters as this increases the length of time a filter can operate effectively between filter changes.
  • the components of the air handling apparatus are placed in a plurality of separate interconnecting compartments for ease of handling and flexibility.
  • the compartments comprise a first and second fan compartment and a central compartment.
  • the sizes of each compartment being restricted to ensure that each will fit through a standard attic trap door. It will of course be appreciated that the compartments of the invention are not limited to this size and indeed any size can be used.
  • Each fan compartment attaches to either side of the central compartment.
  • the central compartment contains the separation means and at least two heat exchangers.
  • the fan compartments are sufficiently large to minimise pressure across each of the fans thus allowing the fans to run more efficiently.
  • each compartment contains all further necessary control means and connections required for interfacing the air handling apparatus with external devices.
  • the air handling apparatus can be connected to one or more of solar panels, domestic hot water cylinders, heat recovery ventilation units and/or a further energy source such as a heat pump or boiler.
  • the first fan compartment is large enough to accommodate a selection of different sized connections which act as a manifold for the distribution of air to the house.
  • the second fan box is large enough to accommodate a selection of different sized connections which act as a manifold for the distribution of air to the solar panels.
  • connections which act as a manifold for the distribution of air to the solar panels.
  • up to three pairs of air solar panels are connected to the manifold. It is of course appreciated that the number of solar panels connected to the system can be increased further by increasing the size of the fan motors.
  • the air handling apparatus when connected to external devices such as solar panels, domestic hot water cylinder and a heat recovery ventilation unit forms an integrated ventilation heating and cooling system.
  • the integrated ventilation heating and cooling system further comprises a control system which enables the air handling apparatus to respond to external commands.
  • the control system could further enable the air handling apparatus to automatically respond to pre-set commands such as temperature inputs.
  • the heat exchangers are air to water heat exchangers.
  • the heat exchanger of the air handling apparatus supplies heat to the ventilation air and/or to the domestic hot water cylinder.
  • the second heat exchanger is connected to an external heat source for example a boiler or a heat pump, which acts as the main heat source to heat the building.
  • the air handling apparatus can operate with either liquid based solar panels or air based solar panels.
  • the heat exchanger operates in opposite directions depending on whether the solar panel is liquid or air based.
  • the first and second fans in the air handling apparatus are used to circulate the air in the solar panel loop or as the main fan for ventilating or heating the house respectively.
  • the two fans can run independently as described above or in series.
  • the ventilation air passes through the solar panel loop and then on to the house.
  • the solar panels can be used to heat both the domestic hot water and the house or alternatively just the house in accordance with a defined control strategy.
  • the fans are interchangeable such that either fan can to circulate the air in the solar panel loop or operate as the main fan for ventilating or heating the house.
  • the fans in the air handling apparatus can operate on either DC or AC.
  • the air handling apparatus can also be connected to a heat recovery unit, which will preheat the incoming air and therefore add to the overall efficiency of the system.
  • the most appropriate location for an air handling apparatus in a dwelling house is in the attic space. This is particularly efficient if some of the energy is being generated by solar panels as the air handling apparatus would then be adjacent to the solar panels on the roof.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown a schematic drawing illustrating a first embodiment of the heating and ventilating system of the invention in which the air handling apparatus 1 is connected to two energy supply sources, namely solar panels 10 and a conventional boiler 12. Energy generated by the solar panels 10 is transferred by the air handling apparatus 1 to the domestic hot water cylinder 11 in a first closed loop. Whilst energy generated by the boiler 12 is used to heat the ventilation air 4 of the house thereby heating the house. The air circulated around the house is recovered at 5 and passed through a heat recovery unit 3. There are a number of operational options at the heat recovery unit 3.
  • circulated air is expelled and fresh air is absorbed 2 which is then heated using both the heat recovered through the heat recovery unit 3 and the boiler 12 and then circulated through the air handling apparatus 1 around the house.
  • some or all of the circulated air re-enters the air handling apparatus 1 via the heat recovery unit 3, this air is then re-circulated. If necessary some fresh air 2 is also circulated into the air handling apparatus 1 to ensure oxygen levels remain static.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a second embodiment of the heating and ventilating system of the invention however in this embodiment a heat pump 13 is used to change the temperature of the air circulated to the air handling apparatus 1 which is subsequently circulated around the house.
  • a heat pump 13 is used to change the temperature of the air circulated to the air handling apparatus 1 which is subsequently circulated around the house.
  • either an adsorption or absorption heat pump can be used which either could heat or cool the air via the air handling apparatus 1.
  • the air handling apparatus 1 comprises two heat exchangers 23 and 24 and two fans 20 and 21.
  • the first heat exchanger 23 is connected to a fluid inlet port 102, whilst the second heat exchanger 24 is connected to a fluid inlet port z
  • the first fan 20 is connected to a fluid outlet port 101 and the second fan 21 is connected to a second fluid outlet port 4.
  • the fluid paths are determined by the orientation of the separation means 26.
  • the separation means 26 comprises a damper rotatable about a central axis point. It has two positions, A or B.
  • Position 'A' forms a single loop in which the fluid flows through fan 21 and subsequently through fluid outlet port 4.
  • the fluid re-enters the air handling apparatus 1 through fluid inlet port 103.
  • the connections between fluid outlet port 4 and fluid inlet port 103 are not shown.
  • Fluid then passes through the heat exchanger 24, fan 20 and fluid outlet port 101.
  • Fluid re-enters the air handling apparatus 1 again through fluid inlet port 102 and heat exchanger 23 to start another cycle. As before the connections between fluid outlet port 101 and fluid inlet port 102 are not shown.
  • fluid inlet and outlet ports 102 and 101 could be connected to solar panels thus forming a closed solar loop. Further inlet and outlet ports can be connected to the domestic hot water cylinder enabling heating of domestic hot water using solar energy. Fluid inlet and outlet ports 4 and 103 could be connected to a house ventilation system which is further connected to another energy source. Thus in position 'B' the house can be simultaneously ventilated and/or heated using a first energy source whilst domestic hot water can be heated using solar energy.
  • the air handling apparatus 1 comprises a single unit.
  • the size of the components within air handling apparatus 1 could be quite large depending on the actual requirements of the device.
  • the actual size of the air handling apparatus 1 is restricted so that it will fit through a standard attic trap door as the most appropriate location for the air handling apparatus 1 is in the attic space adjacent to solar panels 10 on the roof, as seen in Figure 12 .
  • the air handling apparatus 1 according to the invention comprises three interconnecting compartments for ease of handling and flexibility.
  • the first and second compartment comprising each of the fans 21 and 20, and a third compartment comprising the heat exchangers 23 and 24 and the damper mechanism 26 whereby the first and second compartments attach to either side of the third compartment.
  • Using interconnecting compartments enables the use of larger fan sections which has the advantage of minimising pressure across the fans 21 and 22 thus allowing the fans 21 and 22 to run more efficiently.
  • the external surfaces of the air handling apparatus 1 and the first and second compartments further contain the controllers and connections for interfacing the air handling apparatus 1 with external devices.
  • FIG. 4 to 11 there is shown a number of different embodiments of an integrated ventilation heating and cooling system using the air handling apparatus 1 of the invention.
  • FIG 4 there is shown a damper of the air handling apparatus 1 in a first orientation, position 'B' as described above. Fluid flows through the system as outlined above.
  • the first loop corresponds to the ventilation/heating system of the house 6.
  • the air circulated around the house 6 is collected and passes through a heat recovery unit 3, fluid from the heat recovery unit and some air 2 enter the air to water heat exchanger 24 through fluid inlet port 103. Air is reheated at the heat exchanger 24 before being circulated around the house 6 again.
  • the second loop corresponds to the solar panel loop wherein fluid exiting the air handling apparatus 1 through fan 20 and fluid outlet port 101 passes through solar panels 10 before re-entering the air handling apparatus 1 through fluid inlet port 102 and heat exchanger 23.
  • the domestic hot water cylinder 11 is connected to heat exchanger 23 and fluid is pumped between the heat exchanger 23 and the domestic hot water cylinder 11 using pump 110. Solar energy is transferred from the solar panels 10 to the system for heating the domestic hot water via heat exchanger 23.
  • Figure 4 shows how the air handling apparatus 1 and system of the invention allows simultaneous heating of the domestic hot water using solar power and ventilation or heating of the house 6.
  • Figure 5 shows a second orientation of the damper of the air handling apparatus 1 in position 'A' showing how the house can be heated using solar panels 10 as the sole source of heat. Heat is collected by the heat exchanger 23 from solar panels 10 which is then transferred to the fluid and pumped around the house 6 through fan 21. Optionally fluid can be recirculated directly to heat exchanger 24 as indicated by the dotted line, or can re-enter the heat exchanger 24 after passing through a heat recovery unit 3, the fluid then passes through fan 20 and re-enters the solar panels 10.
  • Figure 7 shows the damper 26 of the air handling apparatus 1 in the 'B' position and fluid is circulating through both chambers.
  • solar power is being used to heat domestic hot water whilst in the second chamber of the air handling apparatus heat is being extracted from the air using the heat exchanger 24 and the heat pump 13.
  • the cooled air is being circulated through the house 6.
  • FIG 9 is similar to Figure 4 however the solar panel 10 is a dry solar panel thus operation of the heat exchanger 23 is reversed, i.e. hot air from the solar panel heats the water in heat exchanger 23 which in turn heats the water in the domestic hot water cylinder 11.
  • FIG 10 is a schematic drawing illustrating how the performance of a wet solar panel is improved as the operating range of the solar panel is increased whilst simultaneously ventilating the house 6.
  • the solar panel 10 is directly connected to the domestic hot water cylinder 11. Fluid flow is maintained around this loop using a pump 110 and two port motorised valve 111.
  • the solar panel 10 is also connected to the heat exchanger 23 via a mixing valve 113. The water is returned from the heat exchanger 23 to the solar panel 10 via a two port valve 111.
  • Figure 11 shows is similar to figure 10 illustrating a wet solar panel having improved operating range however the damper 26 of the air handling apparatus 1 is in the 'A' position thus indicating how the energy generated by a solar panel can be used to heat domestic hot water in addition to ventilating or heating a house 6.
  • Figure 12 is a perspective drawing illustrating the position of a ventilating, heating and cooling system of the invention within a house.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Steam Or Hot-Water Central Heating Systems (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Appareil de gestion de l'air comprenant :
    un premier échangeur de chaleur (23) et un deuxième échangeur de chaleur (24) ;
    un premier ventilateur (20) et un deuxième ventilateur (21) ;
    des premier et deuxième compartiments de ventilateur, et un compartiment central, le premier compartiment de ventilateur comprenant le premier ventilateur (20), le deuxième compartiment de ventilateur comprenant le deuxième ventilateur (21) et le compartiment central comprenant le premier échangeur de chaleur (23), le deuxième échangeur de chaleur (24) et un moyen de séparation (26),
    dans lequel le premier compartiment de ventilateur comprend au moins une première entrée de fluide reliée au compartiment central et au moins un premier orifice de sortie de fluide (101) relié au premier ventilateur (20), et le deuxième compartiment de ventilateur comprend au moins une deuxième entrée de fluide reliée au compartiment central et au moins un deuxième orifice de sortie de fluide (4) relié au deuxième ventilateur (21), et la chambre centrale comprend un premier orifice d'entrée (102) relié au premier échangeur de chaleur (23) et un deuxième orifice d'entrée de fluide (103) relié au deuxième échangeur de chaleur (24), le moyen de séparation (26) étant mobile entre une première et une deuxième position, caractérisé en ce que, dans la première position, est définie une première chambre contenant le premier échangeur de chaleur (23) et le premier ventilateur (20), et est définie une deuxième chambre contenant le deuxième échangeur de chaleur (24) et le deuxième ventilateur (21), et dans la deuxième position est définie une première chambre contenant le premier échangeur de chaleur (23) et le deuxième ventilateur (21) et est définie une deuxième chambre contenant le deuxième échangeur de chaleur (24) et le premier ventilateur (20), et dans lequel, dans la première position sont définis deux chemins de fluide en boucle fermée distincts dans lesquels, dans un premier chemin de fluide, un fluide passe par le deuxième ventilateur (21) et le deuxième orifice de sortie de fluide (4) et pénètre de nouveau dans l'appareil par le deuxième orifice d'entrée de fluide (103) en passant par le deuxième échangeur de chaleur (24) et en retournant au deuxième ventilateur (21), et dans un deuxième chemin de fluide, le fluide passe par le premier ventilateur (20) et le premier orifice de sortie de fluide (101) et pénètre de nouveau dans l'appareil par le premier orifice d'entrée de fluide (102) en passant par le premier échangeur de chaleur (23) et en retournant au premier ventilateur (20), et dans la deuxième position un chemin de fluide à simple boucle est défini de telle sorte que le fluide passe par le deuxième ventilateur (21) et sort de l'appareil par le deuxième orifice de sortie (4), pénètre de nouveau dans l'appareil par le deuxième orifice d'entrée de fluide (103) en passant par le deuxième échangeur de chaleur (24) et par le premier ventilateur (20) et le premier orifice de sortie (101) puis pénètre de nouveau dans l'appareil par le premier orifice d'entrée de fluide (102) en passant par le premier échangeur de chaleur (23).
  2. Appareil de gestion de l'air selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le moyen de séparation comprend un registre (26) pivotant autour d'un point d'axe central.
  3. Appareil de gestion de l'air selon la revendication 2, dans lequel le registre est actionné par un moteur.
  4. Appareil de gestion de l'air selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'appareil de gestion de l'air comprend en outre un ou plusieurs filtres.
  5. Appareil de gestion de l'air selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel les échangeurs de chaleur (23; 24) sont des échangeurs air-eau.
  6. Système de ventilation, chauffage et refroidissement intégré comprenant l'appareil de gestion de l'air selon les revendications 1 à 5, dans lequel l'appareil de gestion de l'air est relié à un groupe de récupération de chaleur ou à un groupe de ventilation (3).
  7. Système de ventilation, chauffage et refroidissement intégré selon la revendication 6, comprenant en outre un système de commande.
  8. Système de ventilation , chauffage et refroidissement intégré selon la revendication 6 ou 7, dans lequel l'appareil de gestion de l'air est relié à des panneaux solaires à base de liquide ou à des panneaux solaires à base d'air.
  9. Système de ventilation, chauffage et refroidissement intégré selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 8, dans lequel l'appareil de gestion de l'air est relié à un groupe de récupération de chaleur (3).
  10. Système de ventilation, chauffage et refroidissement intégré selon la revendication 9, dans lequel un serpentin à détente directe d'une pompe à chaleur est placé dans le groupe de récupération de chaleur après le module de récupération de chaleur.
  11. Système de ventilation, chauffage et refroidissement intégré selon la revendication 6, dans lequel l'appareil comprend un panneau solaire (10) agencé entre le premier orifice de sortie de fluide (101) et la première entrée de fluide (102) de telle sorte que le fluide sortant de l'appareil par le premier orifice de sortie de fluide passe par le panneau solaire avant de pénétrer de nouveau par le premier orifice d'entrée (102).
  12. Système de ventilation, chauffage et refroidissement intégré selon la revendication 11, dans lequel un cylindre d'eau chaude est relié au premier échangeur de chaleur (23).
  13. Système de ventilation, chauffage et refroidissement intégré selon la revendication 11 ou 12, dans lequel le deuxième échangeur de chaleur (24) est relié à une source de chaleur extérieure.
  14. Système de ventilation, chauffage et refroidissement intégré selon la revendication 13, dans lequel la source de chaleur extérieure est une chaudière ou une pompe à chaleur.
  15. Système de ventilation, chauffage et refroidissement intégré selon la revendication 14, dans lequel, dans la deuxième position, le deuxième chemin de fluide est relié au cylindre d'eau chaude de telle sorte que l'eau est chauffée au moyen de l'énergie solaire et le premier chemin de fluide est un chemin de ventilation et/ou de chauffage pour ventiler et/ou chauffer une maison.
EP06766097.7A 2005-08-24 2006-08-24 Appareil de gestion de l'air Active EP1920196B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IE20050562 2005-08-24
PCT/IE2006/000092 WO2007023480A1 (fr) 2005-08-24 2006-08-24 Appareil de gestion de l'air

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1920196A1 EP1920196A1 (fr) 2008-05-14
EP1920196B1 true EP1920196B1 (fr) 2015-02-11

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EP06766097.7A Active EP1920196B1 (fr) 2005-08-24 2006-08-24 Appareil de gestion de l'air

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EP (1) EP1920196B1 (fr)
IE (1) IES20060637A2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2007023480A1 (fr)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102008053554A1 (de) * 2008-10-28 2010-04-29 Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg Klimasystem für ein Gebäude

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2264253A2 (en) * 1974-03-13 1975-10-10 Colmar Sarl Cie Climatechnique Ceiling mounted refrigerating and heating unit - has flaps controlling reversal of flow movable to de-icing position
US6202429B1 (en) * 1996-03-05 2001-03-20 Phoenix Manufacturing Inc. Heating and cooling unit

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IES20060637A2 (en) 2007-05-02
WO2007023480A1 (fr) 2007-03-01

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