EP1919309B1 - Méthode de réduire ou d'améliorer l'estimation des mouvements d'un joueur - Google Patents

Méthode de réduire ou d'améliorer l'estimation des mouvements d'un joueur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1919309B1
EP1919309B1 EP06773432.7A EP06773432A EP1919309B1 EP 1919309 B1 EP1919309 B1 EP 1919309B1 EP 06773432 A EP06773432 A EP 06773432A EP 1919309 B1 EP1919309 B1 EP 1919309B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
indicator
dynamic visual
visual indicator
player
predictive
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EP06773432.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1919309A2 (fr
Inventor
Richard Macdonald
Edward Louis Harber
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Nike Innovate CV USA
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Nike Innovate CV USA
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D27/00—Details of garments or of their making
    • A41D27/08—Trimmings; Ornaments
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D13/00—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches
    • A41D13/0015—Sports garments other than provided for in groups A41D13/0007 - A41D13/088

Definitions

  • Apparel for a variety of activities has been customized to provide for wearer safety and comfort, or for aesthetic reasons. For example, athletic team uniforms are often provided in bright colors or constructed of materials that wick perspiration or control heat loss. Athletic attire is frequently decorated to be visually appealing, or to include markings associated with team sponsorship. Apparel for these and other activities can be configured for functionality as well as to aid in the identification of the wearer as a member of team or other group.
  • While apparel has been configured to enhance individual comfort and performance for many activities, typical ornamented uniforms and apparel merely promote wearer comfort or provide stylish appearance. Such apparel does not reflect important aspects of wearer dynamics, and improved apparel is needed that can provide additional functionality.
  • one aspect of the invention provides a method, comprising: selecting at least one activity-specific dynamic visual indicator; and applying the selected dynamic visual indicator to an athletic uniform, wherein the dynamic visual indicator is selected based on measured activity-specific responses to the dynamic visual indicator and wherein the at least one dynamic visual indicator is a predictive indicator, configured to heighten visual perceptions that facilitate estimations of likely future player movements, or is a counter-predictive indicator, configured to reduce or attenuate visual perceptions that facilitate estimations of likely future player movements.
  • the at least one dynamic visual indicator is associated with an apparent orientation of an object axis.
  • the dynamic visual indicator is applied so as to provide an apparent object axis that is tilted with respect to a corresponding actual object axis.
  • the method further comprises selecting and applying a second dynamic visual indicator, wherein the first dynamic visual indicator and the second dynamic visual indicator are selected and applied as a predictive indicator and a counter-predictive indicator, respectively.
  • the at least one dynamic visual indicator is a counter-predictive indicator and is configured to be easily noticed, but to produce a visual perception that an object is somewhat displaced or tilted with respect to its actual position or orientation.
  • the dynamic visual indicator comprises misaligned graphics situated at or near a player's waist.
  • the method comprises the step of occlusion testing, in which portions of a player's body are blocked from the view of one or more test subjects.
  • the disclosure provides representative examples of apparel configured for team sports such as football, soccer, basketball, hockey, paintball, or other sports.
  • apparel for individual sports such as tennis, fencing, martial arts, or other activities can be provided.
  • These examples are illustrative only, and apparel, equipment, and other items for other sports and non-sports activities can be configured in a similar manner.
  • While activity apparel, accessories, and apparatus can be configured to enhance or reduce wearer visibility, such items can also be configured to enhance or attenuate the anticipation or "prediction" of future wearer movements or to enhance or attenuate visual determinations of precise body orientation and location.
  • many sporting, athletic, and other recreational and professional activities are based on precisely locating an opponent or teammate, and anticipating the movements of the opponent or teammate.
  • knowing the precise position and body orientation of a soccer opponent or teammate on a soccer pitch can aid in accurate prediction of the opponent's or teammate's future movements such as a kicking direction, or direction of a cut.
  • Enhanced or attenuated visual estimations can be conveniently based on activity indicators that are defined on items of apparel or other items by configuring one or more portions of the items to have visually distinct colors, patterns, contrast, hues, color saturation, color values, shapes, or sizes. These patterns can be selected and applied to player uniforms to aid in defining or confusing an orientation of a teammate or opponent, or a likely next motion or direction of motion. These indicators can be applied to other articles as well. Visual indicators applied to enhance or confuse determinations of object orientation or likely next movement are referred to herein as "dynamic visual indicators.” Some such indicators can be applied to enhance or confuse perceptions of, for example, a player's orientation, or anticipated movements.
  • dynamic visual indicators are situated based on body axes such as head-foot/feet, head-hip, hip-hip, knee to knee, shoulder to shoulder, ankle-to-ankle, foot to shoulder, knee to shoulder, gaze direction
  • body axes such as head-foot/feet, head-hip, hip-hip, knee to knee, shoulder to shoulder, ankle-to-ankle, foot to shoulder, knee to shoulder, gaze direction
  • other vertical, horizontal, or diagonal axes can be used based on elbows, ankles, feet, head tilt, body tilt or lean, or other orientation/position indicators.
  • placement of visual indicators can be based on body twist, rotations, or apparent locations of body parts.
  • visual indicators can be applied to athletic or other activity specific clothing or protective gear to enhance or reduce visibility of selected activity alignments such as, for example, body position.
  • Indicator definition can be associated with seams, fabric changes, printing, or application of tiles or pattern segments of other materials.
  • Both front and back sides of the uniform 100 can be similarly configured, but different indicators can be provided on the front and back, and additional indicators can be provided on the sides, front, or back in addition to the indicator 102 shown in FIG. 1A . Appearance of team uniforms is typically important to teams and players, and the uniform 100 can be configured to be visually pleasing and acceptable to participants. Although provided with the indicator 102, the uniform 100 can also include conventional team insignia or other traditional features.
  • different indicators can be provided on the shorts and the jersey, or the same indicator can be applied to produce visual misestimations of different axes or orientation directions.
  • a right hand side of the uniform is relatively darker than a left hand side, and visual estimation of a location of a centerline, a hip angle, or other aspect of a wearer's orientation can be impaired or confused.
  • FIG. 1C shows a uniform 140 that includes an indicator 142 that includes portions 144, 146 defined on a jersey 148 and shorts 150, respectively.
  • the indicator 142 is situated about a waistband of the shorts 150 and a corresponding lower portion of the jersey 150.
  • the portions 144, 146 of the indicator 142 include respective irregular edges 152, 154. In other examples, the edges can be more or less irregular.
  • Shorts 164 and jersey 166 include respective portions 168, 170 and 172, 174 of an activity indicator 176.
  • the indicator is shown as several dark regions situated on a light background, but can also be provided as light regions on a dark background.
  • such indicators can be defined as a combination of dark and light areas, colors, textures, patterns, reflective and non-reflective tiles, or otherwise defined.
  • Indicators can also be defined as relatively dark areas on a light background, or as relatively light areas on a dark background, and can be configured as predictive or counter-predictive indicators.
  • FIGS. 2A-2D Representative configurations that disguise a player hip angle and present an apparent hip angle are illustrated in FIGS. 2A-2D .
  • a uniform includes misaligned graphics 202, 204 situated at or near a player waist.
  • a pattern 206 of dots is provided on a dark background on one arm, and a similar pattern 208 of dots is provided on a light background on the other arm.
  • Additional graphics 210, 212, 214,216 can be provided on uniform shorts.
  • FIG. 2B an actual hip angle 220 and an apparent hip angle 222 are shown. Referring to FIG.
  • a uniform includes a graphic having a pattern edge 224 that is tilted at an angle 225 from vertical and that extends from a jersey 226 toward a player's waist as worn.
  • the pattern edge 224 can extend onto shorts 228 as well. This pattern edge 224 tends to reduce actual hip angle visibility.
  • a mesh 230 is provided having a tilted edge 232 that also tends to disguise hip angle, and provide an apparent hip angle as well.
  • FIG. 3B A sports uniform 350 with an indicator similar to that of FIG. 3A is shown in FIG. 3B .
  • the sports uniform 350 includes a jersey 352 and shorts 354 that have pattern portions 358, 360. 362 and 364, 366, respectively, that form an activity indicator having a jersey portion and a shorts portion.
  • these pattern portions are tilted with respect to a vertical axis when the uniform is worn, and the wearer is standing substantially erect.
  • the pattern portions can continue as illustrated to a back side of the jersey 352, the shorts 354, or both, or different indicators (or none at all) can be applied to the backs of either.
  • the pattern portions 362, 364, 366 can be similarly arranged and, in some examples, are or the same size as corresponding pattern portions on the jersey 352.
  • occlusion testing can be used in which portions of a player's body are blocked from the view of one or more test subjects. Representative occlusion configurations applied to a soccer player are shown in FIGS. 4A-4D .
  • one or more test subjects are asked to indicate a likely subsequent player direction of motion with a joystick, mouse, or other pointing device.
  • test subject eye movements can be observed and/or recorded and used to estimate motion anticipated by test subjects.
  • One-on-one or group game situations can be projected as static images or as motion sequences and the test subject can be directed to react as a member of either team shown.
  • Subject gaze directions can be determined for situations in which dynamic visual indicators are used to enhance or confuse a response, or in which such indicators are omitted.
  • occluded motion sequences can be presented to test subjects. Different portions of a player's body can be occluded in testing, and two or more unconnected portions can be selected.
  • Test conditions can also be presented in context of particular game situations. For example, soccer player location, orientation, and expected movement can be differently evaluated depending on whether the test subject has placed an occluded or unoccluded player image (or motion sequence) at or near his own goal, near an opponent's goal, or at midfield. In addition, test subjects can be instructed that the occluded image is associated with either a teammate or an opponent.
  • test subjects can be positioned on touch pads, and test subject movements and reactions to player motion observed. Observed and/or recorded eye movements can be used.
  • test subjects have some or extensive playing experience in a particular sport of interest.
  • test subject anticipation can be evaluated along with other test subject perceptions such as test subject depth perception, field of view, visual acuity, color vision, and reaction time.
  • test subjects stand on suitable test pads, and respond directly as if participating in the activity for which the indicator is intended.
  • Test subjects without playing experience can also be used.
  • Responses of such test subjects can be used to assess visual cues and other visual indications that are learned by experienced participants, and can serve for player training and to evaluate player development. Responses can also be measured in association with particular player experiences. For example, a motion sequence associated with a shot on goal in a soccer match can produce different responses in experienced goalkeeper and an experienced forward.
  • test subjects can be placed in three versus three (3v3) or other multi-player situations that can be encountered in a game.
  • 3v3 testing a whole player can be occluded, or portions of one or more players can be occluded.
  • a representative configuration for test subject evaluation of a selected indicator is shown in FIG. 5 .
  • a test subject 500 is situated on footpads such as representative footpads 502, 504 that are in communication with a personal computer or the like and provide indications of test subject motion or position in response to one or more selected occluded or unoccluded images or motion sequences.
  • a viewing screen 506 is situated to display appropriate static images and motion sequences.
  • An eye tracker can be provided to determine test subject gaze direction, and other stimuli such as crowd noise, player communications, lighting conditions, etc can be provided.
  • Player physical characteristics can be recorded, such as heart rate, blood pressure, perspiration, temperature, and any correlation or association with the presented images or motion sequences. Reaction times can be recorded as well as body positioning with in response to the images or motion sequences.
  • indicators can be configured in various ways. For example, a pattern that includes a plurality of parallel stripes can be distorted to have an appearance similar to that produced by an athlete wearing such a pattern, or regular or irregular series of dots of the same or different sizes or other types of patterns can be used. Indicators can be selected to provide a selected visual impact value. For example, a relatively large pattern region having relatively low contrast can have a visual impact value that is similar to that obtained with a smaller pattern region having higher contrast. Visual impact values can be based on size, color, contrast, or other visual parameters. In addition, indicators can be associated with visual centers based on an apparent center of the indicators as viewed in, for example, activity-specific lighting conditions, or in general daylight illumination, or other illumination.
  • Predictive and counter-predictive indicators can be applied to apparel or other items.
  • a single object is provided with one or more predictive indicators and/or counter-predictive indicators.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • Professional, Industrial, Or Sporting Protective Garments (AREA)
  • Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Procédé consistant à : sélectionner au moins un indicateur visuel dynamique (102, 122, 140, 176, 202, 204, 206, 208, 210, 212, 214, 216, 306, 308, 362, 364, 366, 358, 360, 362, 364, 366) spécifique d'une activité ; et appliquer l'indicateur visuel dynamique (102, 122, 140, 176, 202, 204, 206, 208, 210, 212, 214, 216, 306, 308, 362, 364, 366, 358, 360, 362, 364, 366) sélectionné à une tenue sportive, dans lequel l'indicateur visuel dynamique (102, 122,140, 176, 202, 204, 206, 208, 210, 212, 214, 216, 306, 308, 362, 364, 366, 358, 360, 362, 364, 366) est choisi sur la base de réponses mesurées spécifiques d'une activité à l'indicateur visuel dynamique (102, 122, 140, 176, 202, 204, 206, 208, 210, 212, 214, 216, 306, 308, 362, 364, 366, 358, 360, 362, 364, 366), et dans lequel l'au moins un indicateur visuel dynamique est un indicateur de prévision (102, 122,140, 176, 202, 204, 206, 208, 210, 212, 214, 216, 306, 308, 362, 364, 366, 358, 360, 362, 364, 366) conçu pour augmenter les perceptions visuelles qui facilitent des estimations de futurs mouvements probables de joueurs.
  2. Procédé consistant à : sélectionner au moins un indicateur visuel dynamique (102, 122, 140, 176, 202, 204, 206, 208, 210, 212, 214, 216, 306, 308, 362, 364, 366, 358, 360, 362, 364, 366) spécifique d'une activité ; et appliquer l'indicateur visuel dynamique sélectionné (102, 122, 140, 176, 202, 204, 206, 208, 210, 212, 214, 216, 306, 308, 362, 364, 366, 358, 360, 362, 364, 366) à une tenue sportive, dans lequel l'indicateur visuel dynamique (102, 122, 140 176, 202, 204, 206, 208, 210, 212, 214, 216, 306, 308, 362, 364, 366, 358, 360, 362, 364, 366) est choisi sur la base de réponses mesurées spécifiques d'une activité à l'indicateur visuel dynamique (102, 122, 140, 176, 202, 204, 206, 208, 210, 212, 214, 216, 306, 308, 362, 364, 366, 358, 360, 362, 364, 366), et dans lequel l'au moins un indicateur visuel dynamique est un indicateur de contre-prévision conçu pour réduire ou atténuer les perceptions visuelles qui facilitent des estimations de futurs mouvements probables de joueurs.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, dans lequel l'au moins un indicateur visuel dynamique (102, 122, 176, 202, 204, 358, 360, 362, 364, 366) est associé à une orientation apparente d'un axe d'objet.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 3, dans lequel l'indicateur visuel dynamique est appliqué de manière à fournir un axe d'objet apparent qui est incliné par rapport à un axe d'objet réel correspondant.
  5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, consistant en outre à sélectionner et à appliquer un second indicateur visuel dynamique, le premier indicateur visuel dynamique et le second indicateur visuel dynamique étant respectivement sélectionnés et appliqués en guise d'indicateur de prévision et d'indicateur de contre-prévision.
  6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'au moins un indicateur visuel dynamique est un indicateur de contre-prévision conçu pour être facilement remarqué, mais aussi pour produire une perception visuelle qu'un objet est légèrement déplacé ou incliné par rapport à sa position ou orientation réelle.
  7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'au moins indicateur visuel dynamique est un indicateur de contre-prévision situé à proximité de la ceinture de shorts de tenues sportives, et qui vise à entraîner la confusion lors de tentatives visuelles de localisation précise de l'orientation de la taille ou du corps du porteur.
  8. Procédé selon la revendication 2, dans lequel l'indicateur visuel dynamique comprend des graphiques désalignés situés au niveau ou à proximité de la taille d'un joueur.
  9. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comprenant l'étape consistant à effectuer un essai d'occlusion, dans lequel des parties du corps d'un joueur sont bloquées de la vue d'un ou plusieurs sujets d'essai.
EP06773432.7A 2005-06-20 2006-06-16 Méthode de réduire ou d'améliorer l'estimation des mouvements d'un joueur Active EP1919309B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/158,296 US20070000007A1 (en) 2005-06-20 2005-06-20 Predictive and counter predictive visual stimuli
PCT/US2006/023630 WO2007001925A2 (fr) 2005-06-20 2006-06-16 Stimuli visuels de prevision et de contre-prevision

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EP1919309A2 EP1919309A2 (fr) 2008-05-14
EP1919309B1 true EP1919309B1 (fr) 2015-09-23

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US (1) US20070000007A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1919309B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN101272704B (fr)
WO (1) WO2007001925A2 (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN101272704B (zh) 2012-07-11
WO2007001925A3 (fr) 2007-04-05
US20070000007A1 (en) 2007-01-04
EP1919309A2 (fr) 2008-05-14
WO2007001925A2 (fr) 2007-01-04
CN101272704A (zh) 2008-09-24

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