EP1918481A2 - Belüftete Wand mit Stützelementen und Verkleidungsstruktur dafür - Google Patents

Belüftete Wand mit Stützelementen und Verkleidungsstruktur dafür Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1918481A2
EP1918481A2 EP07020355A EP07020355A EP1918481A2 EP 1918481 A2 EP1918481 A2 EP 1918481A2 EP 07020355 A EP07020355 A EP 07020355A EP 07020355 A EP07020355 A EP 07020355A EP 1918481 A2 EP1918481 A2 EP 1918481A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cladding
slabs
crimping tabs
slab
section bar
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP07020355A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1918481A3 (de
Inventor
Massimiliano Frascari
Umberto Magnani
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TERREMILIA S.R.L.
UNIECO SOCIETA' COOPERATIVA
Original Assignee
Techlever SpA
Unieco Cooperativa Soc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Techlever SpA, Unieco Cooperativa Soc filed Critical Techlever SpA
Publication of EP1918481A2 publication Critical patent/EP1918481A2/de
Publication of EP1918481A3 publication Critical patent/EP1918481A3/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04FFINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/0801Separate fastening elements
    • E04F13/0803Separate fastening elements with load-supporting elongated furring elements between wall and covering elements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a support element for cladding slabs to be used on a wall to be covered as defined in the preamble of claim 1.
  • the present invention relates to a cladding slab as defined in claim 15 for covering a wall.
  • the present invention also relates to a classing structure as defined in claim 32 for covering a wall, in which the support of the cladding material, such as slabs, tiles, bricks or similar elements, is provided by a metal support frame, to form a so-called ventilated cladding wall.
  • the cladding material such as slabs, tiles, bricks or similar elements
  • any cladding slab that is damaged, worn or in an inaccurate position with respect to the framework shall be removable.
  • Prior art ventilated walls have frameworks composed of uprights and crosspieces, for supporting the cladding material through the use of fastening and/or anchoring plates.
  • this solution is economically disadvantageous, due to the high costs of the structure per square meter of wall to be covered.
  • the incidence of the cost of the cladding structure is highly disadvantageous if the classing slabs are small tiles or bricks (e.g. 6 x 24 cm), such as those that are generally used for covering the walls of a residential building, instead of large slabs, such as those that are used for covering the walls of a commercial building. This is caused by the requirement of increasing both the number of uprights and the number of the fastening and/or anchoring plates to be used as the size of the cladding slabs decreases.
  • the distance between the uprights of the framework is equal to the width of the cladding slabs to be supported by the framework.
  • the cladding slabs are to be arranged in a staggered pattern with respect to the vertical, e.g. in the staggered pattern required for making walls of superimposed bricks, prior art structures require the distance between the uprights of the framework to be reduced to half the width of the cladding slabs, thereby apparently further increasing the costs of the cladding structure per square meter of the covered surface.
  • the problem at the basis of the present invention is to provide a support element for cladding slabs to be used on a wall to be covered, which has such structural and functional characteristics as to fulfill the above need, while obviating the above prior art drawbacks.
  • this problem is also obviated by a cladding slab according to claim 15 and a by a cladding structure for a wall to be covered according to claim 32.
  • numeral 1 generally designates a support element according to the invention, designed for cladding slabs 2 to be used on a wall W to be covered.
  • the support element 1 includes a section bar extending in a predetermined longitudinal direction X-X and comprises: a rear portion for attachment to said wall W and a front portion 1a facing towards the cladding slabs 2 to be supported.
  • this section bar is made of aluminum or another metal material, but other materials, such as plastic materials, may be also used.
  • the support element 1 is designed to be used as an element of a cladding structure 3 for the wall W to be covered.
  • the cladding structure 3 comprises a plurality of cladding slabs 2, which are supported by a bearing framework attached to the wall W and composed of a plurality of parallel and equally spaced support elements 1.
  • the support elements 1 are attached to the wall W with a vertically extending orientation, thereby forming uprights. While this orientation of the support elements is most generally used, different orientations of the support elements 1 with respect to the wall W may be also used in response to particular needs, such as a horizontal orientation, so that the support elements act as crosspieces.
  • the rear portion of the section bar consists of a flange which may be attached to the wall W to be covered by means of expansion bolts, screws, rivets or other equivalent fastener means, or may be embedded or inserted in the wall W to be covered during construction of the latter.
  • the cladding slabs 2 may include elements such as flat slabs, tiles, bricks, panels or similar elements of any suitable material.
  • the size of the cladding slabs 2 as measured in the longitudinal direction X-X of the support element 1 and in the direction perpendicular thereto will be indicated as height H and width L of the cladding slabs 2 respectively, each slab being preferably embodied by a brick.
  • the cladding slabs have a rectangular or square shape, but cladding slabs of different shapes may be also provided and employed.
  • the cladding structure 3 which is composed, as mentioned above, of a framework attached to the wall W to be covered and a plurality of cladding slabs 2 supported by such framework, defines a counterwall attached to the wall W to be covered.
  • said front portion 1a of the metal section bar of each support element 1 has a plurality of opposite crimping tabs 4 that are adapted to cooperatingly engage corresponding portions of the cladding slabs 2 to fix such cladding slabs to the support element 1 and thence to the wall W to be covered.
  • the opposite crimping tabs 4 are in substantially facing relationship, so that a channel extending frontally in the longitudinal direction X-X of the section bar is defined at the front portion 1a of the section bar.
  • said channel is designed to receive at least part of the rear portion of the cladding slabs 2, when the latter are engaged by the crimping tabs 4 at an anchor portion 12 thereof.
  • the crimping tabs 4a are in such positions as to project out of the longitudinal edge of the section bar towards the centerline of the section bar, thereby forming lateral crimping tabs for crimping an anchor portion 12 of the cladding slabs 2.
  • said channel defined by the crimping tabs 4a substantially has a C shape.
  • the section bar has opposite crimping tabs 4b at its front portion 1a, which are in such positions as to project out of the longitudinal edge of the section bar towards the centerline of the section bar, thereby forming lateral crimping tabs for crimping an anchor portion 12 of the cladding slabs 2.
  • said channel defined by the crimping tabs 4b substantially has a V shape, instead of the C shape as shown in Figures 2 and 3.
  • the section bar has opposite crimping tabs 4c at its front portion 1a.
  • the crimping tabs 4c are in such positions as to project out of the longitudinal edge of the section bar away from the centerline of the section bar, thereby forming lateral crimping tabs designed to fit in a second groove 7' formed in the rear wall of the cladding slabs 2 and having two opposite undercuts 8. More in detail, when the free ends of the crimping tabs 4c fit in a groove 7', the crimping tabs 4c engage with the two opposite undercuts 8 thereby securing the cladding slab 2 to the support section bar.
  • the crimping tabs 4c are formed from a U-section bar, having care to form the crimping tabs 4c from the free ends of the U shape.
  • the section bar that is used to form the crimping tabs 4c may be received in a further outer profile 14, e.g. having a U shape, which can contain and add stiffness to the internal section bar.
  • the external section bar 14 may contact the rear wall of the cladding slabs 2 and form a centering means between the support element and the cladding slabs 2, as more clearly shown hereinafter.
  • the section bar has opposite crimping tabs 4d at its front portion 1a.
  • the crimping tabs 4d are in such positions as to project out of the longitudinal edge of the section bar away from the centerline of the section bar, thereby forming lateral crimping tabs designed to fit in a second groove 7' formed in the rear wall of the cladding slabs 2 and having two opposite undercuts 8. More in detail, when the free ends of the crimping tabs 4d fit in a groove 7', the crimping tabs 4d engage with the two opposite undercuts 8 thereby securing the cladding slab 2 to the support section bar.
  • said crimping tabs 4 are in a suitably spaced relationship, along the longitudinal direction X-X of the section bar, preferably defining a constant gap I.
  • the crimping tabs 4 are in such lateral positions as to define two opposed rows of crimping tabs 4, in a spaced relationship along the longitudinal edges of the front portion of the section bar.
  • said crimping tabs 4 act as retaining clips, for snap fit with the cladding slabs 2, as more clearly explained hereinafter.
  • the cladding slabs 2 may slip downwards under their own weight, even when an effective clipping action is exerted by the opposite crimping tabs 4. For instance, this may occur when the cladding structure, and particularly the cladding slabs 2, are subjected to vibrations or shocks.
  • the support element 1 has crosswise stop means 5 at the front portion 1a of the section bar.
  • crosswise stop means 5 prevents the cladding slabs 2 from slipping down along the channel defined in the front portion of the section bar, by preventing a cladding slab from being loaded with the weight of the cladding slabs 2 above it.
  • said crosswise stop means 5 are located in such positions as to fit in the crosswise joints 6 (i.e. the joints extending transverse to said longitudinal direction X-X), between adjoining cladding slabs in the longitudinal direction X-X.
  • each cladding slab lies by its bottom edge on a corresponding crosswise stop means 5.
  • the crosswise stop means 5 of each support element should be equally spaced by a distance D substantially corresponding to the height H of the cladding slabs 2 to be supported plus the height of the desired crosswise joint 6 between the cladding slabs 2.
  • two opposite lateral crimping tabs 4a (having a predetermined height K slightly smaller than the height H of the cladding slabs 2) are provided for each cladding slab 2 and two opposite crosswise stop means 5a are advantageously interleaved within the gap I between the crimping tabs 4a, as shown in Figures 1 and 2.
  • the section of the support element has two opposite lateral crimping tabs 4b (having a predetermined height K slightly smaller than the height H of the cladding slabs 2) for each cladding slab 2, and two opposite crosswise stop means 5b are advantageously interleaved within the gap I between the adjoining crimping tabs 4b.
  • each crosswise stop means 5a, 5b is embodied in the form of a cleat that projects out of the longitudinal edge of the section bar towards the centerline of the section bar, beyond the crimping tabs 4a, 4b, to create interference with the bottom or top edge of the cladding slabs 2.
  • the crimping tabs 4a, 4b and/or the crosswise stop means 5a, 5b are formed of one piece with the front portion 1a of the section bar of the support element 1. For instance, this can be achieved, using a section bar with two opposite flanges projecting towards the centerline at its front end, by cutting, trimming out or otherwise removing certain longitudinal portions of such flanges, to form the crimping tabs 4a, 4b, as well as the strips that act as crosswise stop means 5a, 5b.
  • crimping tabs 4a, 4b and/or stop means 5a, 5b may be obtained having different heights and/or different distances from each other.
  • the crimping tabs 4a, 4b and the strips that act as axial stop means 5a, 5b of the same row are aligned in the longitudinal direction X-X of the section bar.
  • This may provide advantages during mounting of the cladding slabs 2. Indeed, if the distance between the two opposite flanges of the section bar is smaller than the width of the anchor portion 12 of the cladding slab, an interference condition may be created between the crimping tabs 4a, 4b and the anchor portion 12 of the cladding slabs 2 (as shown, for instance, by Figure 4).
  • the installation personnel shall simply bend the crimping tabs 4 towards the centerline of the section bar, when mounting the cladding structure 3. This is easily achieved by providing strips of small height, substantially equal to the height of the crosswise joints 6.
  • a section bar may be provided which has, at its front portion, two opposite rows of separate strips, each strip being as high as the desired crosswise joints 6 between the cladding slabs 2 and being able to create said interference condition with the bottom or top edge of the cladding slabs 2.
  • their insertion between said opposite strips causes the free ends of the opposite strips to be opened apart by elastic deformation, and to act as crimping tabs 4 for ensuring snap locking of the cladding slabs against the section bar.
  • the strips that have not been opened apart by the action of the cladding slabs 2 act as transverse retaining means to create the above described interference condition with the bottom or top edge of the cladding slabs.
  • a section bar may be provided which has, at its front portion, two opposite rows of separate crimping tabs 4 as high as the desired crosswise joints 6 between the cladding slabs 2.
  • some of said crimping tabs shall be simply slightly bent inwards to act as transverse stop means 5 thereby creating the above described interference condition with the bottom or top edge of the cladding slabs 2.
  • the pitch P between the support elements 1 simply has to corresponds to the width L of the cladding slabs 2.
  • the crimping tabs 4 of the support elements 1 may be directly engaged with the longitudinal sides of the cladding slabs 2.
  • This solution is particularly suitable for the support of thin slabs of materials such as marble or granite, in which any processing to form grooves, notches or the like is excessively burdensome and laborious.
  • the cladding slabs 2 may include anchor portions 12 of such conformation as to allow coupling with complementary profiles of the crimping tabs 4 of the section bars.
  • anchor portions 12 of such conformation as to allow coupling with complementary profiles of the crimping tabs 4 of the section bars.
  • this is the case of cladding slabs 2 consisting of bricks or tiles, which can be easily processed with the desired grooves.
  • the rear wall of the cladding slabs 2 i.e. the side designed to face towards the front portion 1a of the section bars, advantageously has at least one groove 7 extending in the longitudinal direction X-X and defining an undercut 8 for engagement with the crimping tabs 4.
  • the rear wall 2a of the cladding slabs 2 is conformed with anchor portions 12 adapted for snap engagement with the crimping tabs 4 of the support elements 1.
  • each cladding slab 2 has at least one first groove 10 and one second groove 7, both extending parallel to the longitudinal direction X-X, a respective anchor portion being defined therebetween.
  • each cladding slab 2 has four first grooves 10 and two second grooves 7'.
  • the two second grooves 7' are equidistant from the centerline and from a corresponding longitudinal edge of the cladding slab 2, with reference to the width L of the slab, so that the axes of these grooves 7' are at 1/4 and 3/4 the width of the cladding slab 2.
  • the four first grooves 10 are equally spaced and staggered by 1/8 of the width L of the cladding slab 2 with respect to the second grooves 7'.
  • the first grooves 10 have a substantially rectangular cross section. Otherwise, the second grooves 7' define a first undercut 8 at least along a first side of the groove, extending in said longitudinal direction (X-X) and preferably have an equal and opposite undercut 8 at the opposite side of the groove.
  • each cladding slab 2 has four first grooves 10 and two second grooves 7".
  • Each of the two second grooves 7" has a central extension projecting from the bottom of the groove in a direction perpendicular to the rear wall 2a of the cladding slab 2.
  • the two second grooves 7" are equidistant from the centerline and from a corresponding longitudinal edge of the cladding slab 2, with reference to the width L of the slab, so that the axes of the central extensions are at 1/4 and 3/4 the width of the cladding slab 2.
  • the four first grooves 10 are equally spaced and staggered by 1/8 of the width L of the cladding slab 2 with respect to the axes of the central extensions of the second grooves 7".
  • Each central extension 12 is conformed with two opposite undercuts 8.
  • each undercut 8 is at a predetermined distance Q from the surface of the rear wall 2a of the cladding slab 2, and is connected to such rear wall 2a by a first portion 13 of the side of its respective groove, said first portion 13 converging towards the inside of the respective groove 7.
  • said first portion 13 of the side converges towards the inside of the corresponding second groove 7', to define a solid angle A of 100° to 125°, preferably of 106° to 118°, with the planar surface of the rear wall 2a, as shown in the embodiments of Figures 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 14 and 15.
  • the angle A may be conveniently increased to 145°, with a preferred value of 140°.
  • each second groove 7 has a mushroom head shape, in which the outermost portion of each groove 7', i.e. the portion closest to the planar surface of the rear wall 2a, defines a V-shaped lead-in surface between two opposite walls 13 converging towards the inside of the groove.
  • the central extension of the second grooves 7" defines a mushroom head-shaped anchor portion 12 which is adapted to be gripped between the opposite crimping tabs 4b.
  • each of the opposite converging walls 13 of the second grooves 7' forms a sliding ramp which assists the free ends of the opposite crimping tabs 4a, 4b to open apart by elastic deformation, to grip the anchor portion 12 of the cladding slabs 2, as described above.
  • each of the opposite walls 13 of the central extension forms a sliding ramp which assists the free ends of the opposite crimping tabs 4c, 4d to open apart by elastic deformation, to crimp said tabs in the second groove 7', as described above.
  • such slabs may be supported by the framework composed of the plurality of support elements 1 at least in one of the two following manners or a combination thereof:
  • said arrangements of the cladding slabs 2 can be obtained without increasing the number of support elements 1.
  • said staggered pattern of the cladding slabs 2 can be obtained without reducing the pitch between the support elements to half the width L of the cladding slabs.
  • the front portion 1a of the section bar of each support element 1 has centering means 9 adapted to engage with corresponding centering means of the cladding slabs 2.
  • the coupling between said centering means 9 and said corresponding complementary centering means creates a mechanical condition for proper insertion, with the cladding slabs 2 being centered with respect to the support elements 1.
  • said centering means 9 include projections frontally overhanging from the front portion 1a of the section bars, whereas the role of corresponding complementary centering means is advantageously played by the first grooves 10 in the rear wall 2a of the cladding slab 2, as shown in the figures. Due to the above, any wrong positioning of a cladding slab 2 with respect to the support elements 1 is prevented as well as immediately apparent to the mounting personnel, thanks to the interference occurring between the centering means 9 of the section bars and the rear side 2a of the cladding slabs 2.
  • such projections 9 consist of an edge defined by two joined slanted surfaces, e.g. obtained by folding the front portion 1a of the section bars.
  • the provision of the two slanted surfaces assists centered fitting of the projections 9 in the recesses of the grooves 10 and allows for guided fitting of the cladding slabs 2 between the crimping tabs.
  • the support elements 1 include elastically deformable gasket means 11, which are located at the corner area of such projections 9, to be interposed between the centering means 9 and the corresponding complementary centering means.
  • the coupling between the projections 9 and the recesses of the grooves 10 causes elastic compression of the gasket means 11, which ensures compensation for any clearance between the centering means 9 and the rear side of the cladding slabs 2.
  • the anchor portion 12 of their respective cladding slab 2 is gripped between the free ends of the crimping tabs 4 and the corner 9 defined by the two joined slanted surfaces of the section bars, thereby ensuring firm attachment of the slab to the section bar.
  • the support element of the invention designed for cladding slabs to be used on a wall to be covered according to the invention fulfills the above mentioned need and also obviates prior art drawbacks as set out in the introduction to this disclosure.
  • the cladding slabs 2 may be mounted thereto in a simple, quick and accurate manner without using any other external tool, such as fastening and/or anchoring plates.
  • Such mounting step is carried out by frontally pressing the cladding slabs 2 against the front portion 1a of the section bars of the support elements 1, until part of each cladding slab 2 is inserted and/or engaged between the crimping tabs 4, thereby providing attachment/support of the cladding slabs by the crimping tabs.
  • centering means 9 and the corresponding complementary centering means i.e. the grooves 10
  • support element and the cladding structure of the invention lies in their simple construction, which allows minimization of the required components and avoids the use of elements such as fastening and/or anchoring plates to be attached during mounting.
  • the support elements of the invention can be preventively formed at the factory with the crimping tabs and the crosswise stop means, so that such support elements need simply be attached to the wall to be covered on site, after cutting them to size when needed.
  • the lack of elements such as fastening and/or anchoring plates prevents undesired stagnation of rain water, which is known to impregnate the cladding slabs and cause the formation of unpleasant stains on the surface or ruptures of the cladding slabs in the presence of ice.
  • support elements 1 having suitable crimping means and crosswise stop means of appropriate height.
  • FIG. 15 shows an "L"-shaped cladding slab, which is adapted to be attached to a wall by engagement with support structures 1 as described above.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
EP07020355A 2006-10-25 2007-10-18 Belüftete Wand mit Stützelementen und Verkleidungsstruktur dafür Withdrawn EP1918481A3 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITMI20062056 ITMI20062056A1 (it) 2006-10-25 2006-10-25 Parete ventilata comprendente elementi di supporto e relativa struttura di rivestimento

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1918481A2 true EP1918481A2 (de) 2008-05-07
EP1918481A3 EP1918481A3 (de) 2011-11-23

Family

ID=38707248

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP07020355A Withdrawn EP1918481A3 (de) 2006-10-25 2007-10-18 Belüftete Wand mit Stützelementen und Verkleidungsstruktur dafür

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1918481A3 (de)
IT (1) ITMI20062056A1 (de)
RU (1) RU2440474C2 (de)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2683887A1 (de) * 2011-03-09 2014-01-15 Quadrosera Corporation Klammern für ein mauersystem mit dünnen backsteinen
WO2015010493A1 (zh) * 2013-07-22 2015-01-29 Xie Xiaobin 墙砖安装结构及安装墙砖的方法
CZ305962B6 (cs) * 2015-05-04 2016-05-18 ÄŚeskĂ© vysokĂ© uÄŤenĂ­ technickĂ© v Praze, Fakulta stavebnĂ­, Katedra konstrukcĂ­ pozemnĂ­ch staveb Vnitřní provětrávaný segmentový sokl
WO2019186209A1 (en) * 2018-03-29 2019-10-03 Tectonic Facades Ltd Facing building member
WO2021058874A1 (en) * 2019-09-27 2021-04-01 Lasanen Incorporated Oy A support base and a tile joint

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BE561466A (fr) * 1957-10-08 1960-05-20 P Delouvroy Dipositif d'assemblage et de fixation des panneaux de revetement.
NL7909311A (nl) * 1979-12-27 1980-03-31 Joannes Willibrordus Mosch Systeemwand of -plafond.
US5390462A (en) * 1990-07-06 1995-02-21 Pam International Company, Inc. Removable surface coverings
DE19730870C2 (de) * 1997-07-18 2001-11-08 Heinz Stall Fa Anordnung zum Befestigen von natürlichen oder künstlichen Steinelementen
EP0933492A3 (de) * 1998-01-28 1999-12-08 Creaton AG Fassadenelement zur Bekleidung von Aussenwänden und deren Halterung sowie eine Fassadenbekleidung
US5944294A (en) * 1998-07-06 1999-08-31 Baer; Thomas C. Mounting device in form of C-clamp mounted space from a wall

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2683887A1 (de) * 2011-03-09 2014-01-15 Quadrosera Corporation Klammern für ein mauersystem mit dünnen backsteinen
EP2683887A4 (de) * 2011-03-09 2014-09-03 Quadrosera Corp Klammern für ein mauersystem mit dünnen backsteinen
AU2012225119B2 (en) * 2011-03-09 2017-06-08 Quadrosera Corporation Clips for thin brick wall system
WO2015010493A1 (zh) * 2013-07-22 2015-01-29 Xie Xiaobin 墙砖安装结构及安装墙砖的方法
CZ305962B6 (cs) * 2015-05-04 2016-05-18 ÄŚeskĂ© vysokĂ© uÄŤenĂ­ technickĂ© v Praze, Fakulta stavebnĂ­, Katedra konstrukcĂ­ pozemnĂ­ch staveb Vnitřní provětrávaný segmentový sokl
WO2019186209A1 (en) * 2018-03-29 2019-10-03 Tectonic Facades Ltd Facing building member
GB2573501B (en) * 2018-03-29 2020-09-16 Tectonic Facades Ltd Building member
WO2021058874A1 (en) * 2019-09-27 2021-04-01 Lasanen Incorporated Oy A support base and a tile joint

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1918481A3 (de) 2011-11-23
ITMI20062056A1 (it) 2008-04-26
RU2007139504A (ru) 2009-04-27
RU2440474C2 (ru) 2012-01-20

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