EP1913563A1 - Dispositif et procede de generation de signaux sonores informatifs et localisables - Google Patents

Dispositif et procede de generation de signaux sonores informatifs et localisables

Info

Publication number
EP1913563A1
EP1913563A1 EP06764954A EP06764954A EP1913563A1 EP 1913563 A1 EP1913563 A1 EP 1913563A1 EP 06764954 A EP06764954 A EP 06764954A EP 06764954 A EP06764954 A EP 06764954A EP 1913563 A1 EP1913563 A1 EP 1913563A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
signal
sound
locating
information
accordance
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP06764954A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Deborah Jane Sound Alert Limited WITHINGTON
James Brendan Sound Alert Limited KEANE
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BRIGADE (BBS-TEK) Ltd
Original Assignee
Sound Alert Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GBGB0515269.9A external-priority patent/GB0515269D0/en
Application filed by Sound Alert Ltd filed Critical Sound Alert Ltd
Publication of EP1913563A1 publication Critical patent/EP1913563A1/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B3/00—Audible signalling systems; Audible personal calling systems
    • G08B3/10—Audible signalling systems; Audible personal calling systems using electric transmission; using electromagnetic transmission
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B7/00—Signalling systems according to more than one of groups G08B3/00 - G08B6/00; Personal calling systems according to more than one of groups G08B3/00 - G08B6/00
    • G08B7/06—Signalling systems according to more than one of groups G08B3/00 - G08B6/00; Personal calling systems according to more than one of groups G08B3/00 - G08B6/00 using electric transmission, e.g. involving audible and visible signalling through the use of sound and light sources
    • G08B7/062—Signalling systems according to more than one of groups G08B3/00 - G08B6/00; Personal calling systems according to more than one of groups G08B3/00 - G08B6/00 using electric transmission, e.g. involving audible and visible signalling through the use of sound and light sources indicating emergency exits

Definitions

  • This invention relates to signal patterns for devices to enable the transmission of both verbal information and locatable sound to a person in the vicinity; to locatable information devices generating such a signal; and to a method for the generation of such a signal.
  • the invention is in particular applicable to systems incorporating the signal, device or method for use in, particularly but not exclusively, domestic or commercial buildings or large transport vehicles such as aircraft, liners or the like, pedestrian aids such as road crossing devices, and indicating devices such as audible warning devices or sirens, and in particular in relation to the location of emergency exits, hazards to be avoided, muster points and the like.
  • audio and/or visual means may be provided in order to alert individuals to a given situation and/or to indicate a direction in which individuals must travel in response to the situation.
  • audio and/or visual means may be provided in order to alert individuals to a given situation and/or to indicate a direction in which individuals must travel in response to the situation.
  • audio and/or visual means may be provided in order to alert individuals to a given situation and/or to indicate a direction in which individuals must travel in response to the situation.
  • audio and/or visual means may be provided in order to alert individuals to a given situation and/or to indicate a direction in which individuals must travel in response to the situation.
  • domestic dwellings or indeed any of the aforementioned constructions may be provided with smoke detectors and commercial buildings may be provided with smoke/chemical/radiation detectors and a combination of signs indicating a safe point of exit.
  • Activation of the detectors typically result in an alarm sounding which simply alerts individuals to potential danger and then individuals, either through knowledge of their own domestic environment, or through following a number of signs are expected to find a safe point of exit.
  • the audible cue could be used to guide an individual around an environment.
  • the alarms commonly used in emergencies consist typically of a narrow range of frequencies, which are known to be difficult to localize. In any event they are not conventionally placed over doors or other exits.
  • EP0846311 and EP 1225551 describe the use of broadband sound to enable a user in an environment to locate and orientate himself by means of the sound, in the latter case when delivered in a combination locatable alarm in conjunction with a narrow band sound alert signal (such as a siren or bell).
  • a narrow band sound alert signal such as a siren or bell.
  • This prior art makes use of a feature of human sound signal processing, whereby the brain can detect the direction of a sound source to a high degree of accuracy but only when the sound is complex and made up of frequencies with some breadth across at least two particular parts our hearing range.
  • the general underlying theory in the prior art is set out below.
  • the ability to localize a sound source is an evolutionary prerequisite for survival. For example, when hearing the crack of a twig as a predator approaches, there is simply not time to wait and look around to check where the sound is coming from. To survive we must react instantly, as soon as the audible signal is received. Similarly, for predators, a rustle of leaves may indicate where their potential prey is hiding, and locating that position will determine whether or not they eat on that occasion. It is, therefore, safe to conclude that pinpointing sound is something we do well. In reality we can localize a sound to an accuracy of about five degrees, given the right type of sound. This level of accuracy is less than that for visual spatial acuity, but more than adequate for survival purposes.
  • SC superior colliculus
  • the first two are known as binaural cues because they make use of the fact that we have two ears, separated by the width of our head. A sound that emanates from either side of the mid-line will arrive first at the ear closest to it and will also be loudest at the ear closest to it. At low frequencies (below 1,000 Hz) the brain recognises differences in the time of arrival of the sound between the ears (ITD), and at higher frequencies (above 3,000 Hz) the salient cue is the loudness/intensity difference between the sound at each ear (HD). The use of these two types of cue is known as the 'duplex' theory and was proposed by Lord Raleigh as long ago as 1877.
  • the final main piece of information processed by the brain regarding sound localization is called the head-related transfer function (HRTF) (for frequencies 5,000 Hz and above).
  • HRTF head-related transfer function
  • the HRTF refers to the effect the external ear has on sound.
  • the sound is modified so that some frequencies are attenuated and others are amplified.
  • the HRTF of any one person is unique to that individual.
  • the role of the HRTF is particularly important when we are trying to determine whether a sound is immediately in front of, or directly behind, us.
  • the locatable signal in the prior art needs to be broadband, at least sufficiently so as to have some sufficient breadth both across the frequencies below 1000 Hz, and the frequencies above 3000 Hz and especially also above 5000 Hz, that are necessary for each cue.
  • broadband sound should be interpreted with reference to this requirement.
  • the prior art devices are successful in that they do allow the source of the emitted broadband sound to be localized by a person in the vicinity of the emitter. It is evident why this might have value in conjunction with an alarm system, where the locatable sound may be used as described in the prior art to identify and/or direct to an exit.
  • the localizability of the broadband sound is an inherent property of the sound and of the way the human aural apparatus processes the sound, it is not necessarily inherent that the hearer would immediately recognise that such a sound is intended for a specific guidance or like purpose, for example to identify an emergency exit. Such a secondary inference would generally need to be taught, for example by suitable evacuation drills or notices.
  • a potential hazard for example but not limited to an emergency evacuation situation from a building, other structure such as a tunnel or the like, or large transport vehicles such as an aircraft, liner or the like in the event of an emergency such as a fire, chemical leak or the like.
  • a device which is adapted to emit sequentially a locating sound signal comprising broadband sound and an information sound signal comprising at least verbal information.
  • the said locating sound comprises broadband sound as described hereinbefore in relation to the prior art devices, and to the theory of sound localization set out herein. That is to say, the locating sound will include signal elements having sufficiently breadth both across frequencies below 1,000 Hz and across frequencies above 3,000 Hz and especially also above 5,000 Hz to give the necessary auditory cues. Preferably, the locating sound will include elements spread across a substantial part of both the low and the high frequency ranges so defined within the human hearing range, and will for example be spread at least across a substantial part of the breadth of the range of frequencies between 200 and 1,000 Hz, and between 3,000 and 12,000 Hz, wherein the breadth of the range is considered on a logarithm scale. Most preferably, the locating sound will comprise frequencies spread over a breadth comprising a majority of the human hearing range considered at various ages, again also considered on a logarithmic scale.
  • the signal it is not necessary for the signal to have the same amplitude, or indeed any amplitude, across the entire breadth so covered. It would be sufficient for example for the breadth of signal to be provided by a plurality of relatively discrete signals spread across the required frequency range. However, some breadth of signal is required both at the lower and the higher frequencies described: a single narrow lower frequency tone and a single narrow higher frequency tone would not readily be localizable.
  • the information sound signal gives verbal information in some form. That is to say, it is possible for the hearer to derive an information message including one or more words from the sound signal.
  • the information sound signal will comprise direct vocalisation of a verbal information message, typically as one or more spoken words.
  • the invention includes information sound signals from which verbal information is vocalised in an alternative or more complex manner or otherwise derivable from the sound signal, for example in that the sound signal employs a coding system such as morse.
  • the information sound signal thus preferably comprises a recorded and/or a synthesised voice.
  • Complex information sound signals in which any spoken words are modulated and/ or combined with other signal elements may be employed. Additional non-verbal sound to reinforce the message and/or for other purposes maybe present.
  • a signal cycle comprises a locating sound signal made up of at least one discrete burst of locating sound, followed by a pause, followed by an information sound signal comprising at least one burst of verbal information.
  • speech which encompasses a frequency range that the ear is particularly sensitive to, operates over a narrow frequency range in the region 500 - 3,000 Hz. Very little of this range is of use for sound localization. There has not been any evolutionary pressure for speech to be localizable as we are usually within visual contact with the person we are talking to.
  • a verbal information signal is used instead of a narrow frequency band alarm of the type described in EP1225551, and the two signals are carefully sequentially separated to ensure that the brain is capable of perceiving both the localizable sound and the information conveying sound and process both effectively.
  • a narrow band alarm is envisaged in combination with the locating sound.
  • the invention is not limited by any theory of operation, it seems that, in part for the reasons set out above, provided the two signals are successive and not simultaneous, and are separated by a sufficient discrete interval to allow for separate processing by the brain, the complex speech signal can be isolated and separately processed by the brain with surprising precision without detracting from the ability to locate the locating sound.
  • the device is preferably adapted to repeat a signal cycle (that is, a cycle comprising a locating sound signal as above described and an information sound signal as above described) successively.
  • a signal cycle that is, a cycle comprising a locating sound signal as above described and an information sound signal as above described
  • the repeat interval is kept sufficiently short, it is found that the individual is able to process both the locating sound and the informational sound in a manner which allows them to be acted upon for practical purposes simultaneously even though it is necessary for the purposes of the invention to maintain the signals discrete and separate.
  • the device is adapted to repeat a full signal cycle with a repeat interval of no more than 60 s, more preferably no more than 20 s, and in particular between 3 and 10 s.
  • a repeat interval of no more than 60 s, more preferably no more than 20 s, and in particular between 3 and 10 s.
  • Such a relatively short repeat interval is governed by the need to allow sufficient time for meaningful information to be conveyed by the information signal, but nevertheless to ensure that the locating signal is repeated sufficiently frequently that an individual is able to maintain the sense of orientation and direction thereby.
  • the carefully arranged discrete pattern of locating and information signal with intervening pauses and the controlled repeat cycle length mean that it has been surprisingly found that a significant degree of verbal information can be conveyed in a complex signal in conjunction with a locating sound without detracting substantively from the localizibility of the overall complex signal.
  • Each locating sound signal preferably comprises a plurality of short discrete bursts of locating sound each separated by a short pause.
  • Each locating sound signal preferably comprises a plurality of such locating sound bursts, and for example 3 to 5 such bursts. This is because the locating sound is most effectively localized by the individual when it is novel, rather than when it is continuous. Therefore, a localising sound signal comprising a plurality of closely successive short bursts is more effectively localized. This effect might also contribute to the localizability of the overall complex signal in accordance with the invention, which the user continues to be able to achieve even when verbal information sound signals are contained within the cycle.
  • a locating sound signal burst is produced, and then after a first intervening delay, another locating sound signal burst is produced and then, after a second intervening delay, another locating sound signal burst is produced.
  • the intervening delays each have a duration in the range 5 ms to 500 ms, and in particular 10 to 250 ms.
  • Optimal delay times have found to be of the order of 50 to 200 ms depending on conditions.
  • the signal separation delay may have a duration of 1 ms to 60 s, for example 100 to 1000 ms, and in particular 200 to 500 ms. Optimal delay times will depend on the reverberation environment.
  • a cycle separation delay may be of similar order to, or slightly longer than, the signal separation delay and may have a duration of 1 ms to 60 s, for example 200 to 1000 ms, and in particular 300 to 700 ms. Optimal delay times will depend on the reverberation environment.
  • the locating sound may be emitted for an interval between 10 ms to 5 sees and ideally between 10 ms to 500 ms, more preferably between 150 ms and 300 ms or more preferably further still for a duration of approximately 200 to 250 ms.
  • the locating sound may be ramped so that, for example, a 5 to 10 ms onset time is followed by 150 to 500 ms of sound emission and a 5 to 10 ms offset time.
  • a locating sound having the aforementioned ramped profile obvious alterations may be provided without deviating from the scope of the invention. It has been found that ramping, advantageously, avoids a ringing effect.
  • Selected components of the locating sound may be amplified or attenuated having regard to the properties of a speaker of the device and/or the absorbing properties of the environment in which a listener is located and/or the auditory, either existing or expected, environment of a listener.
  • the locating sound may comprise bursts of locating noise wherein the interval between each of said bursts successively diminishes and/or the length of each burst of locating noise successively diminishes thus providing for a noise pattern of quickening sound or continuity.
  • the verbal information sound comprises one or more spoken words.
  • each word is preferably transmitted as a discrete signal burst with an intervening delay therebetween.
  • the intervening delay should be sufficient to allow each word to be separately processed by the brain, for example having a duration in the range 50 ms to 5 s, preferably 100 to 500 ms and in particular 350 to 450 sees.
  • each word is preferably short, for example one or two syllables in length.
  • the device emits a complex signal comprising at least a localizing signal and a verbal information signal.
  • the localizing signal is necessary to ensure that the overall complex signal can be localized fully and effectively. It has been found that provided the careful sequencing of different signals described above is followed, a complex signal also bearing information can still be effectively localized. A complex signal comprising merely a narrow band alarm signal and a verbal information signal is not suitable, since neither component of such a signal is effectively localized.
  • an additional audio alarm signal may be generated, for example comprising narrow band sound such as a conventional siren or bell. This may be generated separately and at another location from the device of the invention, generally co-located with but generated separately from the device of the invention, or co-operably generated in the device as part of a complex signal which also includes at least the locating sound signal and information sound signal hereinabove described.
  • an alarm signal could be generated simultaneously with the signal pattern of the invention.
  • an alarm signal could be coordinated to be sounded sequentially as part of an ordered combined signal pattern.
  • the device is further provided with visual display means to provide a visual cue to reinforce the message of the device.
  • the visual cue may reinforce any alarm and/or reinforce the verbal information signal for example, the visual cue may comprise words or symbols which repeat, reinforce, clarify or otherwise complement the verbal message, directional markers, illumination or the like.
  • the device is further provided with a cut-out means which disables the signal after a preselected interval of time and/ or in certain conditions.
  • the cut-out means may be activated once a heat/chemical/radiation detector, or other detector, associated with the device records a preselected level of a corresponding indicator such as smoke, chemicals, radiation etc. This will ensure that individuals are not directed via an exit that has become unsafe.
  • the invention conveniently includes a sound generating means arranged to produce a sound having an audio signal pattern as described with reference to the above aspects.
  • the invention conveniently includes a signal generating means adapted to produce an audio signal or an audio signal pattern or a sound as described by the above aspects.
  • the invention conveniently includes a signal storage means adapted to carry an audio signal or signal pattern signal as described by the above aspects.
  • a signal storage means may store a plurality of signals and eg a plurality of verbal messages to be called up at the user's option.
  • the invention conveniently includes an interface to allow data transfer to a host processor.
  • the invention conveniently includes an interface to allow live or recorded audio signal patterns to be transferred/ transmitted from a remote location.
  • the invention conveniently includes an interface which permits synchronisation of an audio signal pattern between units or groups of units in a system with each other or a host processor in a remote location.
  • a complex locatable sound signal comprising sequentially a locating sound comprising broadband sound and an information sound comprising verbal information.
  • the complex signal comprises as hereinabove described a locating signal made up of 3 to 5 discrete bursts of locating sound, a signal separation pause, and a verbal information signal.
  • the two signals are preferably generated from the same directional source.
  • a complex signal comprises successive cycles of the above signal successively generated and each separated by a cycle separation pause.
  • a method of enabling an individual to locate and orientate himself in an environment, especially in an emergency for example to identify and be guided to safe exit routes comprises generating a first, locating sound signal comprising broadband sound; closely successively thereafter but after a discrete intervening pause generating a second, information sound signal comprising verbal information; optionally successively but after a further discrete intervening pause repeating the foregoing.
  • the first signal preferably comprises 3 to 5 discrete bursts of locating sound; the second signal may be one or several words, in the latter case separated by short further pauses.
  • the two signals are preferably generated from the same or generally co-located sources, or are generated such as to be perceived aurally to have such a generally common source by a hearer.
  • a system for guiding an individual within an environment comprising at least one and preferably a plurality of suitably placed devices in accordance with the first aspect of the invention, and/or means to generate a signal in accordance with the second or third aspect of the invention so arrayed that when activated the locating signal enables an individual to locate the source of the signal, the information signal gives information concerning that location, and the two signals together assist the individual in the navigation of the environment.
  • This system represents a significant application of the invention, in use in a guidance system and in particular in an evacuation system.
  • the complex signal of the invention informs the individual what action to take.
  • the complex signal is localizable because of the presence of the locating signal.
  • the individual may also be informed what action to take by the information signal, which will typically for example guide the individual towards the source of the signal.
  • Figure 1 shows a general representation of a complex audio signal cycle in accordance with the invention with an inset illustrating an example for each of the locatable and information signals making up the cycle.
  • Figure 1 refers to a suitable complex signal cycle in accordance with the invention, which in the example is adapted to assist in the evacuation of an individual from a relatively large enclosed space such as a basement, tunnel or the like.
  • Signal parameters are likely to vary with auditory environment, in particular optimal pulse patterns and lengths.
  • the complex signal comprises a locating sound signal made up of three broadband pulses (Bl, B2, B3), in the example of equal length of 225 ms, separated by 200 ms inter pulse intervals (II).
  • V voice message
  • the whole cycle repeats every 3.5 s or so. This repeat interval ensures that the locating signal is repeated sufficiently frequently that an individual is able to maintain the sense of orientation and direction thereby, but the interval times are sufficient for meaningful information to be resolved from the information signal.
  • the purpose of the voice message is to give information about the sound source that the broadband pulse has enabled the individual to localize. For many practical purposes this will be an information message intended to guide the individual towards the sound source, though for other applications other messages can be envisaged, for example directing an individual to keep clear of a hazard. In the present instance, the purpose of the voice message is to guide the individual towards an exit that the locating sound has enabled the individual to localize.
  • the voice message therefore comprises a small number of discrete words intended to convey this message.
  • the voice message is two words (Vl, V2), preferably short and for example of one or two syllables. Messages such as “exit here”, “this way”, “safe exit”, “way out”, can readily be envisaged, and of course the principle is not limited by language.
  • Inset A there is shown an example locating audio signal burst comprising an amplitude/time plot for a suitable 225 ms burst of broadband sound, having a 5 ms leading edge (2) in which the broadband sound signal in the range 40 Hz to 20 kHz undergoes an amplitude transition from a minimum amplitude level in which the signal produces an inaudible, or barely audible sound or no sound to maximum amplitude level, 215 ms at the maximum amplitude level (1), and a 5 ms trailing edge (3), in which the signal undergoes transition from its maximum level to its minimum level.
  • the locating audio signal burst of Inset B is intended to allow location of the sound generator by a listener. The listener is then able to be guided with respect to this location by very simple voice instructions.
  • the invention also comprises a system where a plurality of sound generating means are provided and either first and second sound generating means are adapted to emit first and second sounds i.e. locating sounds and information sounds respectively; or alternatively a system where a plurality of sound generating means are adapted to emit both said first and second sounds in a controlled manner so that the nature and duration of said sounds can be predetermined and the interaction of each of one or more of said devices may be controlled so as to provide for a preselected sound pattern which represents the totality of the sound emitted from all or selected ones of said devices.
  • the invention thus provides for a sound device which is not merely locatable but gives an individual who has effected that location actionable information about what to do with respect to the location without the prior training or the need to make inferences about exit routes or the like which is necessary if a locatable signal only is provided.

Abstract

La présente invention porte sur un dispositif servant à produire un signal informatif localisable. Le dispositif est conçu pour émettre séquentiellement un signal sonore de repérage comprenant un son large bande et un signal sonore informatif comprenant au moins des informations verbales. La présente invention concerne également un signal généré par un tel dispositif, un système comprenant une pluralité de tels dispositifs et un procédé permettant à un individu de s'orienter dans un environnement à l'aide d'un tel système ou signal.
EP06764954A 2005-07-26 2006-07-13 Dispositif et procede de generation de signaux sonores informatifs et localisables Ceased EP1913563A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB0515269.9A GB0515269D0 (en) 2005-07-26 2005-07-26 Locatable information sound device and method
US11/197,748 US7764165B2 (en) 2005-07-26 2005-08-05 Locatable information sound device and method
PCT/GB2006/002605 WO2007012806A1 (fr) 2005-07-26 2006-07-13 Dispositif et procede de generation de signaux sonores informatifs et localisables

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1913563A1 true EP1913563A1 (fr) 2008-04-23

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06764954A Ceased EP1913563A1 (fr) 2005-07-26 2006-07-13 Dispositif et procede de generation de signaux sonores informatifs et localisables

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1913563A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2006273887B2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2007012806A1 (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9527439B2 (en) 2012-09-10 2016-12-27 Electronic Controls Company Multi-frequency alarm for emitting narrow band noise
SE536754C2 (sv) * 2012-11-22 2014-07-15 Interactive Inst Ii Ab Metod och anordning för att generera en auditiv underrättelsesignal
WO2020159344A1 (fr) * 2019-01-29 2020-08-06 Галимжан ГАБДРЕШОВ Typhlo-appareil pour l'orientation d'aveugles dans l'espace
WO2022038329A1 (fr) 2020-08-21 2022-02-24 Brigade Electronics Group Plc Système indicateur de virage pour véhicule

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CA2226353C (fr) * 1995-07-07 2002-04-16 Sound Alert Limited Ameliorations apportees a des dispositifs de localisation
US6144310A (en) * 1999-01-26 2000-11-07 Morris; Gary Jay Environmental condition detector with audible alarm and voice identifier

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LOUIS C BOER AND SANDER J VAN WIJNGAARDEN: "DIRECTIONAL SOUND EVACUATION FROM SMOKE-FILLED TUNNELS", FIRST INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM. SAFE & RELIABLE TUNNELS. INNOVATIVE EUROPEAN ACHIEVEMENTS,, 1 January 2004 (2004-01-01), pages 1 - 9, XP007921533 *
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2007012806A1 (fr) 2007-02-01
AU2006273887B2 (en) 2012-03-15
AU2006273887A1 (en) 2007-02-01

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