EP1913253B1 - Fuel injecting device and method for controlling said device - Google Patents

Fuel injecting device and method for controlling said device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1913253B1
EP1913253B1 EP06794493A EP06794493A EP1913253B1 EP 1913253 B1 EP1913253 B1 EP 1913253B1 EP 06794493 A EP06794493 A EP 06794493A EP 06794493 A EP06794493 A EP 06794493A EP 1913253 B1 EP1913253 B1 EP 1913253B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
needle
actuator
rod
injection device
head
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EP06794493A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1913253A1 (en
Inventor
Samir Guerbaoui
André AGNERAY
Laurent Levin
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Renault SAS
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Renault SAS
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M69/00—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel
    • F02M69/04—Injectors peculiar thereto
    • F02M69/041—Injectors peculiar thereto having vibrating means for atomizing the fuel, e.g. with sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/21—Fuel-injection apparatus with piezoelectric or magnetostrictive elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F02M51/0603—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using piezoelectric or magnetostrictive operating means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fuel injection device, in particular for an internal combustion engine, and to its control method.
  • an injection device comprising a tubular body in which a needle is shown.
  • the needle is terminated by a valve head with a seat carried by the end of the tubular body.
  • Pressurized fuel feeds the inside of the tubular body and is stopped by the valve.
  • the needle has a longitudinal housing in which is placed an electroactive material. When the electroactive material is excited, it elongates, causing the elastic elongation of the needle and thus the detachment of the head relative to the seat.
  • the valve is then opened and the fuel passes between the seat and the head to be injected into a combustion chamber.
  • the response time to operate the maximum lift of the valve is very short, typically less than 50 microseconds. It is therefore possible to control the degree of opening of the valve substantially at each moment during the injection phase. This controls the instantaneous flow of fuel and the formation of fuel droplets.
  • the element electro-active is in the immediate vicinity of the head.
  • the electro-active element can be raised to temperatures likely to degrade its operation.
  • its location near the nose of the injector can cause congestion problems.
  • the subject of the invention is a fuel injection device comprising a cylindrical body, a needle whose one end comprises a head forming a valve on a seat carried by one end of the cylindrical body, an actuator with electro-magnetic material. -Active, the actuator having a bar and being able to cause a displacement of the head to open the valve, a flyweight extending the bar, a prestressing device holding the needle and the flyweight bearing against opposite ends of the bar.
  • the needle extends coaxially with the cylindrical body in the form of a rigid bar, the needle being able to enter into axial resonance when it is subjected by the actuator to axial pulses at a determined excitation frequency, thus superimposing a vibratory movement of the head to the overall motion of the needle.
  • the length of the bar allows to place the actuator in the body of the device away from the head, and therefore to be less exposed to the heat of the combustion chamber.
  • the excitation frequency is chosen close to a self-mode frequency of the needle so as to obtain a resonance phenomenon by successions of compression and extensions of the needle in the axial direction. Furthermore, the fact of being able to resonate the bar in the axial direction of the device makes it possible to obtain a mode of displacement of the head in the axial direction at the chosen excitation frequency.
  • the chosen frequency is for example such that the oscillation period is much shorter than the duration of an injection phase. Oscillations of the head can modulate the fuel flow and thus control the formation of very fine fuel droplets.
  • the excitation frequency is in a range extending from 10 to 30 kHz. It is thus possible to obtain the formation of very fine droplets during the injection phase.
  • the bar is made of magnetostrictive material and is surrounded by a coil capable of creating a magnetic field in the bar.
  • a coil capable of creating a magnetic field in the bar.
  • the needle When such material is subjected to a magnetic field, it undergoes an elongation which is transmitted to the needle.
  • the needle then moves axially in the direction of an opening of the valve. According to the frequency of the magnetic field, the needle moves as a whole, for a low frequency, or lengthens and retracts into resonance if the magnetic field is at an excitation frequency capable of resonating the needle, that is, close to a self-mode frequency of the needle.
  • a tube of ferromagnetic material surrounds the coil.
  • the magnetic field created in the bar is looped on itself thanks to the tube, which increases the effectiveness of the coil.
  • the bar is made of piezoelectric material.
  • the impedance of the flyweight is greater than the impedance of the needle.
  • Impedance is defined by the product of density and acoustic celerity in the constituent material of the flyweight. Impedance characterizes the dynamic behavior of the material. As the impedance of the flyweight is greater, the displacement caused is mainly reflected on the needle, in the form of a deformation or displacement. Thus, even if the weight is not fixed to the body of the device, the assembly formed by the needle, the bar and the flyweight behaves, at the frequencies used, as if the flyweight was fixed.
  • the prestressing device comprises a tubular sleeve containing the flyweight and the actuator, a biasing spring bearing on the sleeve and tending to push the counterweight against the bar, and an elastic washer, the needle having a collar , the spring washer bearing on the flange to compress the needle against the bar.
  • Preloading in compression of the bar makes it possible to increase the amplitude of operation of the bar.
  • the application of the prestressing also makes it possible to apply the weight and the needle against the bar.
  • the movement of the end of the bar in contact with the needle is allowed by the elastic deformation of the washer.
  • the assembly comprising the needle, the prestressing device and the actuator is slidably mounted in the cylindrical body, bearing means acting on said assembly and tending to put the head bearing against the seat.
  • the subject of the invention is also a method of control of an injection device as described above, according to which an injection phase is controlled by applying to the actuator a continuous signal during the duration of the injection and a periodic signal at an excitation frequency suitable for cause resonance of the needle.
  • the continuous signal has the effect of controlling a movement of the needle as a whole, while the periodic signal has the effect of putting the needle into resonance.
  • One can modulate the amplitude of the displacement of the needle as well as the amplitude of its oscillations. The amplitude of these two signals can be modulated during an injection phase.
  • a damping signal obtained by the inverse transform of the simulated oscillatory movement of the head is superimposed in the event of the control signal being cut off. If the control signal is abruptly cut off, the head of the refit returns to the position against the seat with a high speed because of the superposition of the two signals, which generates a shock. By simulating the movement of the head in the absence of the seat, an oscillatory movement is obtained around the rest position of the head. By applying an inverse transform to this oscillatory motion, a damping signal is obtained which, when applied to the control signal, provides a cushioned movement of the head. It then gently docking the seat at the end of the injection period.
  • figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a device according to the invention.
  • An injection device 1 according to the invention is intended to inject fuel into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine or into an air intake duct, not shown.
  • the injection device comprises a cylindrical body made in two parts, a front portion 10 and a rear portion 11 coaxial, assembled together by screwing by a sleeve 12.
  • the front portion 10 of the cylindrical body has a bore 15 coaxial with the cylindrical body and a seat 14 at one end of the front portion 10.
  • a needle 2 is slidably mounted in the bore 15. It comprises a head 20 forming a valve with the seat 14.
  • a channel 16 is formed in a space between the bore 15 and the needle 2 to channel fuel to the seat 14. The channel 16 is fed by a conduit 13 extending into the cylindrical body from an orifice connection 17.
  • the rear portion 11 of the cylindrical body comprises a tubular sleeve 37 slidably mounted along the axis of the cylindrical body.
  • the tubular bushing 37 is forced backwards by a bushing spring 4 bearing on a first shoulder 110 of the cylindrical body and a second shoulder 370 of the tubular bushing 37.
  • the needle 2 has at its end opposite the head 20 a flange 21 on which an elastic washer 33 is supported.
  • the spring washer 33 is also in abutment against a third shoulder 371 of the tubular sleeve 37 so as to transmit the tension of the socket spring 4 to the needle 2 by means of the spring washer 33, and thus to press the head 20 of the needle against the seat 14.
  • the injection device 1 comprises, in the extension of the needle 2 towards the rear, an actuator 3 with an electro-active material and a flyweight 34.
  • the actuator 3 comprises a bar 30 made of magnetostrictive material. surrounded by a coil 31 and a tube of ferromagnetic material 32.
  • the bar 30 is for example made of Terfenol (registered trademark).
  • the bar 30 is compressed by a prestressing device comprising a preload spring 35 bearing on a nipple 36 screwed into the sleeve 37 and tending to push the weight 34 against the bar 30.
  • the tube of ferromagnetic material 32 is fitted on a cylinder guide 340 made at the end of the weight 34 on the side of the bar 30.
  • the weight 34 is made of a material so that the impedance is greater than the impedance of the needle.
  • the weight 34 is for example tungsten, while the needle 2 is made of steel or titanium.
  • Z is of the order of 40,000,000
  • for tungsten Z is of the order of 88,000,000
  • titanium Z is of the order of 22 000 000.
  • the more the impedance of the weight is greater than that of the needle the more the movement of the bar will be transmitted preferentially to the needle, which increases the efficiency of the system.
  • a continuous signal and a periodic signal are applied to the actuator during the duration of the injection, substantially at the chosen excitation frequency. For this, it feeds, by means not shown, the coil 31 with a current comprising the continuous signal and the periodic signal.
  • the bar 30 elongates on average as a function of the intensity of the continuous signal, and periodically at the excitation frequency. Given the different linear impedances, the bar 30 bears against the weight 34 and sets The induced movement of the head 20 of the needle is for example an average displacement of 20 to 30 microns and oscillations around this average position of the order of 10 to 20 microns.
  • the actuator can be made with a bar made of piezoelectric material.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

The device has a needle (2) whose end has a head (20) forming valve on a seat (14) supported by an end of a cylindrical body. An actuator (3), made of an electroactive material, has a rod (30) made of a material e.g. magneto-resistive material, and displaces the head to open the valve. A counterweight (34) extends the rod to the rear of the actuator. The needle extends coaxially to the body in the form of a rigid bar and axially resonates when it is subjected to axial pulses at a determined excitation frequency, ranging between 10 to 30 kilo hertz, by the actuator. An independent claim is also included for a method for controlling a fuel injecting device.

Description

L'invention concerne dispositif d'injection de carburant, en particulier pour un moteur à combustion interne, et son procédé de commande.The invention relates to a fuel injection device, in particular for an internal combustion engine, and to its control method.

On connaît par le document FR 2 854 664 où WO 2004/101 985 un dispositif d'injection comportant un corps tubulaire dans lequel est montrée une aiguille. L'aiguille est terminée par une tête formant clapet avec un siège porté par l'extrémité du corps tubulaire. Du carburant sous pression alimente l'intérieur du corps tubulaire et est arrêté par le clapet. L'aiguille comporte un logement longitudinal dans lequel est placé un matériau électroactif. Lorsque le matériau électroactif est excité, il s'allonge, provoquant l'allongement élastique de l'aiguille et ainsi le décollement de la tête par rapport au siège. Le clapet est alors ouvert et le carburant passe entre le siège et la tête pour être injecté dans une chambre de combustion.We know from the document FR 2,854,664 or WO 2004/101 985 an injection device comprising a tubular body in which a needle is shown. The needle is terminated by a valve head with a seat carried by the end of the tubular body. Pressurized fuel feeds the inside of the tubular body and is stopped by the valve. The needle has a longitudinal housing in which is placed an electroactive material. When the electroactive material is excited, it elongates, causing the elastic elongation of the needle and thus the detachment of the head relative to the seat. The valve is then opened and the fuel passes between the seat and the head to be injected into a combustion chamber.

Avec un tel injecteur, le temps de réponse pour opérer la levée maximale du clapet est très court, typiquement inférieur à 50 µs. Il est donc possible de contrôler le degré d'ouverture du clapet pratiquement à chaque instant pendant la phase d'injection. On contrôle ainsi le débit instantané de carburant et la formation de gouttelettes de carburant.With such an injector, the response time to operate the maximum lift of the valve is very short, typically less than 50 microseconds. It is therefore possible to control the degree of opening of the valve substantially at each moment during the injection phase. This controls the instantaneous flow of fuel and the formation of fuel droplets.

Cependant, il est nécessaire que l'élément électro-actif soit à proximité immédiate de la tête. Or, du fait de la proximité de la chambre de combustion, l'élément électro-actif peut être porté à des températures susceptibles de dégrader son fonctionnement. De plus, son implantation au voisinage du nez de l'injecteur peut poser des problèmes d'encombrement.However, it is necessary that the element electro-active is in the immediate vicinity of the head. However, because of the proximity of the combustion chamber, the electro-active element can be raised to temperatures likely to degrade its operation. In addition, its location near the nose of the injector can cause congestion problems.

C'est donc un objectif de l'invention de proposer un dispositif d'injection de carburant dont la position de la tête de clapet puisse être contrôlée précisément avec un bon temps de réponse et dont l'élément électroactif soit dans des conditions de fonctionnement acceptables.It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a fuel injection device whose position of the valve head can be precisely controlled with a good response time and whose electroactive element is in acceptable operating conditions. .

Avec cet objectif en vue, l'invention a pour objet un dispositif d'injection de carburant comportant un corps cylindrique, une aiguille dont une extrémité comporte une tête formant clapet sur un siège porté par une extrémité du corps cylindrique, un actionneur à matériau électro-actif, l'actionneur comportant un barreau et étant apte à provoquer un déplacement de la tête pour ouvrir le clapet, une masselote prolongeant le barreau, un dispositif de précontrainte maintenant l'aiguille et la masselote en appui contre des extrémités opposées du barreau. L'aiguille s'étend coaxialement au corps cylindrique sous la forme d'une barre rigide, l'aiguille étant apte à entrer en résonance axiale lorsqu'elle est soumise par l'actionneur à des impulsions axiales à une fréquence d'excitation déterminée, superposant ainsi un mouvement vibratoire de la tête au mouvement d'ensemble de l'aiguille.With this object in view, the subject of the invention is a fuel injection device comprising a cylindrical body, a needle whose one end comprises a head forming a valve on a seat carried by one end of the cylindrical body, an actuator with electro-magnetic material. -Active, the actuator having a bar and being able to cause a displacement of the head to open the valve, a flyweight extending the bar, a prestressing device holding the needle and the flyweight bearing against opposite ends of the bar. The needle extends coaxially with the cylindrical body in the form of a rigid bar, the needle being able to enter into axial resonance when it is subjected by the actuator to axial pulses at a determined excitation frequency, thus superimposing a vibratory movement of the head to the overall motion of the needle.

La longueur de la barre permet de placer l'actionneur dans le corps du dispositif de manière distante de la tête, et donc d'être moins exposé à la chaleur de la chambre de combustion. La fréquence d'excitation est choisie proche d'une fréquence de mode propre de l'aiguille de manière à obtenir un phénomène de résonance par une successions de compression et d'extensions de l'aiguille dans le sens axial. Par ailleurs, le fait de pouvoir mettre la barre en résonance dans le sens axial du dispositif permet d'obtenir un mode de déplacement de la tête dans la direction axiale à la fréquence d'excitation choisie. La fréquence choisie est par exemple telle que la période d'oscillation est très inférieure à la durée d'une phase d'injection. Les oscillations de la tête permettent de moduler le débit de carburant et ainsi de contrôler la formation de très fines gouttelettes de carburant. Ces oscillations (provenant du mouvement vibratoire) se superposent au mouvement d'ensemble de l'aiguille. Les deux actions se déroulent simultanément. Lorsque le barreau se déforme sous l'effet d'un signal, il prend appui à une extrémité contre l'aiguille, et à l'autre extrémité contre la masselotte. La réaction de la masselotte sur le barreau permet de transmettre une partie essentielle du mouvement du barreau à l'aiguille.The length of the bar allows to place the actuator in the body of the device away from the head, and therefore to be less exposed to the heat of the combustion chamber. The excitation frequency is chosen close to a self-mode frequency of the needle so as to obtain a resonance phenomenon by successions of compression and extensions of the needle in the axial direction. Furthermore, the fact of being able to resonate the bar in the axial direction of the device makes it possible to obtain a mode of displacement of the head in the axial direction at the chosen excitation frequency. The chosen frequency is for example such that the oscillation period is much shorter than the duration of an injection phase. Oscillations of the head can modulate the fuel flow and thus control the formation of very fine fuel droplets. These oscillations (coming from the vibratory movement) are superimposed on the overall movement of the needle. Both actions take place simultaneously. When the bar is deformed under the effect of a signal, it is supported at one end against the needle, and at the other end against the weight. The reaction of the weight on the bar makes it possible to transmit an essential part of the movement of the bar to the needle.

A titre d'exemple, la fréquence d'excitation est située dans une plage s'étendant de 10 à 30 kHz. On peut ainsi obtenir la formation de très fines gouttelettes pendant la phase d'injection.By way of example, the excitation frequency is in a range extending from 10 to 30 kHz. It is thus possible to obtain the formation of very fine droplets during the injection phase.

Dans un premier mode de réalisation, le barreau est en matériau magnétostrictif et est entouré par une bobine apte à créer un champ magnétique dans le barreau. Lorsqu'un tel matériau est soumis à un champ magnétique, il subit un allongement qui est transmis à l'aiguille. L'aiguille se déplace alors axialement dans le sens d'une ouverture du clapet. Selon la fréquence du champ magnétique, l'aiguille se déplace dans son ensemble, pour une basse fréquence, ou s'allonge et se rétracte en résonance si le champ magnétique est à une fréquence d'excitation apte à mettre l'aiguille en résonance, c'est-à-dire proche d'une fréquence de mode propre de l'aiguille.In a first embodiment, the bar is made of magnetostrictive material and is surrounded by a coil capable of creating a magnetic field in the bar. When such material is subjected to a magnetic field, it undergoes an elongation which is transmitted to the needle. The needle then moves axially in the direction of an opening of the valve. According to the frequency of the magnetic field, the needle moves as a whole, for a low frequency, or lengthens and retracts into resonance if the magnetic field is at an excitation frequency capable of resonating the needle, that is, close to a self-mode frequency of the needle.

De préférence, un tube en matériau ferromagnétique entoure la bobine. Ainsi, le champ magnétique créé dans le barreau est bouclé sur lui-même grâce au tube, ce qui augmente l'efficacité de la bobine.Preferably, a tube of ferromagnetic material surrounds the coil. Thus, the magnetic field created in the bar is looped on itself thanks to the tube, which increases the effectiveness of the coil.

Dans un deuxième mode de réalisation, le barreau est en matériau piézo-électrique.In a second embodiment, the bar is made of piezoelectric material.

De préférence, l'impédance de la masselotte est supérieure à l'impédance de l'aiguille. L'impédance est définie par le produit de la masse volumique et de la célérité acoustique dans le matériau constitutif de la masselotte. L'impédance caractérise le comportement dynamique du matériau. Comme l'impédance de la masselotte est plus importante, le déplacement provoqué se répercute essentiellement sur l'aiguille, sous la forme d'une déformation ou d'un déplacement. Ainsi, même si la masselotte n'est pas fixée au corps du dispositif, l'ensemble formé par l'aiguille, le barreau et la masselotte se comporte, aux fréquences utilisées, comme si la masselotte était fixe.Preferably, the impedance of the flyweight is greater than the impedance of the needle. Impedance is defined by the product of density and acoustic celerity in the constituent material of the flyweight. Impedance characterizes the dynamic behavior of the material. As the impedance of the flyweight is greater, the displacement caused is mainly reflected on the needle, in the form of a deformation or displacement. Thus, even if the weight is not fixed to the body of the device, the assembly formed by the needle, the bar and the flyweight behaves, at the frequencies used, as if the flyweight was fixed.

De manière particulière, le dispositif de précontrainte comporte une douille tubulaire contenant la masselotte et l'actionneur, un ressort de précontrainte prenant appui sur la douille et tendant à pousser la masselotte contre le barreau, et une rondelle élastique, l'aiguille comportant une collerette, la rondelle élastique prenant appui sur la collerette pour comprimer l'aiguille contre le barreau. La précontrainte en compression du barreau permet d'augmenter l'amplitude de fonctionnement du barreau. Dans cette configuration, l'application de la précontrainte permet également d'appliquer la masselotte et l'aiguille contre le barreau. De plus, le mouvement de l'extrémité du barreau en contact avec l'aiguille est autorisé par la déformation élastique de la rondelle.In particular, the prestressing device comprises a tubular sleeve containing the flyweight and the actuator, a biasing spring bearing on the sleeve and tending to push the counterweight against the bar, and an elastic washer, the needle having a collar , the spring washer bearing on the flange to compress the needle against the bar. Preloading in compression of the bar makes it possible to increase the amplitude of operation of the bar. In this configuration, the application of the prestressing also makes it possible to apply the weight and the needle against the bar. In addition, the movement of the end of the bar in contact with the needle is allowed by the elastic deformation of the washer.

Selon un perfectionnement, l'ensemble comprenant l'aiguille, le dispositif de précontrainte et l'actionneur est monté coulissant dans le corps cylindrique, des moyens d'appui agissant sur ledit ensemble et tendant à mettre la tête en appui contre le siège. Ce montage permet de compenser les dilatations différentielles dans le dispositif dues aux différences de température des composants et des caractéristiques de dilatation de chaque composant. Les phases d'injection pendant lesquelles la tête de l'aiguille n'est plus en appui contre le siège sont suffisamment courtes pour que l'ensemble comprenant l'aiguille, le dispositif de précontrainte et l'actionneur n'ait pas le temps de se déplacer et de venir refermer le clapet.According to an improvement, the assembly comprising the needle, the prestressing device and the actuator is slidably mounted in the cylindrical body, bearing means acting on said assembly and tending to put the head bearing against the seat. This arrangement makes it possible to compensate for the differential expansions in the device due to the differences in the temperature of the components and the expansion characteristics of each component. The injection phases during which the head of the needle is no longer supported against the seat are short enough that the assembly comprising the needle, the prestressing device and the actuator does not have the time to move and come close the flap.

L'invention a aussi pour objet un procédé de commande d'un dispositif d'injection tel que décrit précédemment, selon lequel on commande une phase d'injection en appliquant à l'actionneur un signal continu pendant la durée de l'injection et un signal périodique à une fréquence d'excitation apte à provoquer la mise en résonance de l'aiguille. Le signal continu a pour effet de commander un déplacement de l'aiguille dans son ensemble, tandis que le signal périodique a pour effet de mettre l'aiguille en résonance. On peut moduler l'amplitude du déplacement de l'aiguille ainsi que l'amplitude de ses oscillations. L'amplitude de ces deux signaux peut être modulée lors d'une phase d'injection.The subject of the invention is also a method of control of an injection device as described above, according to which an injection phase is controlled by applying to the actuator a continuous signal during the duration of the injection and a periodic signal at an excitation frequency suitable for cause resonance of the needle. The continuous signal has the effect of controlling a movement of the needle as a whole, while the periodic signal has the effect of putting the needle into resonance. One can modulate the amplitude of the displacement of the needle as well as the amplitude of its oscillations. The amplitude of these two signals can be modulated during an injection phase.

Selon un perfectionnement, on superpose un signal d'amortissement obtenu par la transformée inverse du mouvement oscillatoire simulé de la tête en cas de coupure du signal de commande. Si on coupe brutalement le signal de commande, la tête de l'aiguillé revient vers la position contre le siège avec une vitesse importante à cause de la superposition des deux signaux, ce qui génère un choc. En simulant le mouvement de la tête en l'absence du siège, on obtient un mouvement oscillatoire autour de la position de repos de la tête. En appliquant une transformée inverse à ce mouvement oscillatoire, on obtient un signal d'amortissement qui, lorsqu'il est appliqué au signal de commande, permet d'obtenir un mouvement amorti de la tête. Celle-ci accoste alors délicatement le siège à la fin de la période d'injection.According to an improvement, a damping signal obtained by the inverse transform of the simulated oscillatory movement of the head is superimposed in the event of the control signal being cut off. If the control signal is abruptly cut off, the head of the refit returns to the position against the seat with a high speed because of the superposition of the two signals, which generates a shock. By simulating the movement of the head in the absence of the seat, an oscillatory movement is obtained around the rest position of the head. By applying an inverse transform to this oscillatory motion, a damping signal is obtained which, when applied to the control signal, provides a cushioned movement of the head. It then gently docking the seat at the end of the injection period.

L'invention sera mieux comprise et d'autres particularités et avantages apparaîtront à la lecture de la description qui va suivre, la description faisant référence à la figure 1 qui est une vue en coupe longitudinale d'un dispositif conforme à l'invention.The invention will be better understood and other features and advantages will appear on reading description which follows, the description referring to the figure 1 which is a longitudinal sectional view of a device according to the invention.

Un dispositif d'injection 1 conforme à l'invention, montré sur la figure 1, est destiné à injecter du carburant dans une chambre de combustion d'un moteur à combustion interne ou dans un conduit d'admission d'air, non représentés.An injection device 1 according to the invention, shown on the figure 1 , is intended to inject fuel into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine or into an air intake duct, not shown.

Le dispositif d'injection comporte un corps cylindrique réalisé en deux parties, une partie avant 10 et une partie arrière 11 coaxiales, assemblées entre elles par vissage par un manchon 12.The injection device comprises a cylindrical body made in two parts, a front portion 10 and a rear portion 11 coaxial, assembled together by screwing by a sleeve 12.

La partie avant 10 du corps cylindrique comporte un alésage 15 coaxial avec le corps cylindrique et un siège 14 à une extrémité de la partie avant 10. Une aiguille 2 est montée coulissante dans l'alésage 15. Elle comporte une tête 20 formant clapet avec le siège 14. Un canal 16 est ménagé dans un espace entre l'alésage 15 et l'aiguille 2 pour canaliser du carburant jusqu'au siège 14. Le canal 16 est alimenté par un conduit 13 s'étendant dans le corps cylindrique depuis un orifice de connexion 17.The front portion 10 of the cylindrical body has a bore 15 coaxial with the cylindrical body and a seat 14 at one end of the front portion 10. A needle 2 is slidably mounted in the bore 15. It comprises a head 20 forming a valve with the seat 14. A channel 16 is formed in a space between the bore 15 and the needle 2 to channel fuel to the seat 14. The channel 16 is fed by a conduit 13 extending into the cylindrical body from an orifice connection 17.

La partie arrière 11 du corps cylindrique comporte une douille tubulaire 37 montée coulissante selon l'axe du corps cylindrique. La douille tubulaire 37 est contrainte vers l'arrière par un ressort de douille 4 prenant appui sur un premier épaulement 110 du corps cylindrique et un deuxième épaulement 370 de la douille tubulaire 37.The rear portion 11 of the cylindrical body comprises a tubular sleeve 37 slidably mounted along the axis of the cylindrical body. The tubular bushing 37 is forced backwards by a bushing spring 4 bearing on a first shoulder 110 of the cylindrical body and a second shoulder 370 of the tubular bushing 37.

L'aiguille 2 comporte à son extrémité opposée à la tête 20 une collerette 21 sur laquelle une rondelle élastique 33 est en appui. La rondelle élastique 33 est également en appui contre un troisième épaulement 371 de la douille tubulaire 37 de manière à transmettre la tension du ressort de douille 4 à l'aiguille 2 par l'intermédiaire de la rondelle élastique 33, et ainsi à plaquer la tête 20 de l'aiguille contre le siège 14.The needle 2 has at its end opposite the head 20 a flange 21 on which an elastic washer 33 is supported. The spring washer 33 is also in abutment against a third shoulder 371 of the tubular sleeve 37 so as to transmit the tension of the socket spring 4 to the needle 2 by means of the spring washer 33, and thus to press the head 20 of the needle against the seat 14.

Le dispositif d'injection 1 comporte dans le prolongement de l'aiguille 2 vers l'arrière un actionneur 3 à matériau électro-actif et une masselotte 34. Dans le mode de réalisation décrit, l'actionneur 3 comporte un barreau 30 en matériau magnétostrictif entouré d'une bobine 31 et d'un tube en matériau ferromagnétique 32. Le barreau 30 est par exemple réalisé en Terfenol (marque déposée). Le barreau 30 est comprimé par un dispositif de précontrainte comportant un ressort de précontrainte 35 prenant appui sur un mamelon 36 vissé dans la douille 37 et tendant à pousser la masselotte 34 contre le barreau 30. Le tube en matériau ferromagnétique 32 est emmanché sur un cylindre de guidage 340 réalisé à l'extrémité de la masselotte 34 du côté du barreau 30.The injection device 1 comprises, in the extension of the needle 2 towards the rear, an actuator 3 with an electro-active material and a flyweight 34. In the embodiment described, the actuator 3 comprises a bar 30 made of magnetostrictive material. surrounded by a coil 31 and a tube of ferromagnetic material 32. The bar 30 is for example made of Terfenol (registered trademark). The bar 30 is compressed by a prestressing device comprising a preload spring 35 bearing on a nipple 36 screwed into the sleeve 37 and tending to push the weight 34 against the bar 30. The tube of ferromagnetic material 32 is fitted on a cylinder guide 340 made at the end of the weight 34 on the side of the bar 30.

La longueur de l'aiguille 2 est déterminée, en lien avec son matériau constitutif pour que l'aiguille entre en résonance lorsqu'elle est soumise à des oscillations axiales à une fréquence d'excitation située dans une plage s'étendant de 10 à 30 kHz. La résonance est obtenue lorsque l'aiguille est soumise à des sollicitations à une fréquence proche d'une fréquence propre oscillatoire de l'aiguille. Si l'aiguille a une longueur 1, on a différentes fréquences propres fn telles que fn=(2n+1)C/(4x1) avec n entier positif ou nul, et C la célérité dans le matériau de l'aiguille.The length of the needle 2 is determined in relation to its constituent material so that the needle resonates when subjected to axial oscillations at an excitation frequency in the range of 10 to 30 kHz. Resonance is obtained when the needle is subjected to stresses at a frequency close to an oscillating natural frequency of the needle. If the needle has a length 1, we have different eigenfrequencies fn such that fn = (2n + 1) C / (4x1) with n positive integer or zero, and C the velocity in the material of the needle.

La masselotte 34 est réalisée dans un matériau pour que l'impédance soit supérieure à l'impédance de l'aiguille. La masselotte 34 est par exemple en tungstène, alors que l'aiguille 2 est en acier ou en titane. L'impédance est définie par la formule Z=ρC, avec ρ : masse volumique en kg•m-3, et C : célérité acoustique dans le matériau en m·s-1. On peut également exprimer l'impédance par Z = ρE ,

Figure imgb0001
avec E : module de Young du matériau, en Pa. Dans le cas de l'acier, Z est de l'ordre de 40 000 000, pour le tungstène, Z est de l'ordre de 88 000 000, et pour le titane Z est de l'ordre de 22 000 000. Plus l'impédance de la masselotte est supérieure à celle de l'aiguille, plus le mouvement du barreau sera transmis préférentiellement à l'aiguille, ce qui augmente l'efficacité du système.The weight 34 is made of a material so that the impedance is greater than the impedance of the needle. The weight 34 is for example tungsten, while the needle 2 is made of steel or titanium. The impedance is defined by the formula Z = ρC, with ρ: density in kg • m -3 , and C: acoustic celerity in the material in m · s -1 . Impedance can also be expressed by Z = ρE ,
Figure imgb0001
 with E: Young's modulus of the material, in Pa. In the case of steel, Z is of the order of 40,000,000, for tungsten, Z is of the order of 88,000,000, and for titanium Z is of the order of 22 000 000. The more the impedance of the weight is greater than that of the needle, the more the movement of the bar will be transmitted preferentially to the needle, which increases the efficiency of the system.

Lorsqu'on commande une phase d'injection, on applique à l'actionneur pendant la durée de l'injection un signal continu et un signal périodique sensiblement à la fréquence d'excitation choisie. Pour cela, on alimente, par des moyens non représentés, la bobine 31 avec un courant comportant le signal continu et le signal périodique. En conséquence, le barreau 30 s'allonge en moyenne en fonction de l'intensité du signal continu, et périodiquement à la fréquence d'excitation. Compte tenu des différentes impédances linéaires, le barreau 30 prend appui contre la masselotte 34 et met en mouvement et en oscillation l'aiguille 2. Le mouvement induit de la tête 20 de l'aiguille est par exemple un déplacement moyen de 20 à 30 µm et des oscillations autour de cette position moyenne de l'ordre de 10 à 20 µm.When controlling an injection phase, a continuous signal and a periodic signal are applied to the actuator during the duration of the injection, substantially at the chosen excitation frequency. For this, it feeds, by means not shown, the coil 31 with a current comprising the continuous signal and the periodic signal. As a result, the bar 30 elongates on average as a function of the intensity of the continuous signal, and periodically at the excitation frequency. Given the different linear impedances, the bar 30 bears against the weight 34 and sets The induced movement of the head 20 of the needle is for example an average displacement of 20 to 30 microns and oscillations around this average position of the order of 10 to 20 microns.

L'invention n'est pas limitée au mode de réalisation décrit uniquement à titre d'exemple. L'actionneur peut être réalisé avec un barreau en matériau piézo-électrique.The invention is not limited to the embodiment described solely by way of example. The actuator can be made with a bar made of piezoelectric material.

Claims (10)

  1. Fuel injection device comprising a cylindrical body (11, 12), a needle (2) one end of which has a head (20) acting as a valve on a seat (14) borne by one end of the cylindrical body, an electroactive material actuator (3), there being a control capable of activating the actuator (3) at an excitation frequency, the actuator comprising a rod (30) and being able to cause the head (20) to move in order to open the valve, a weight (34) extending the rod (30), a preloading device (35, 36, 37, 33) keeping the needle (2) and the weight (34) pressed against opposite ends of the rod (30), characterized in that the needle (2) runs coaxially with respect to the cylindrical body (11, 12) in the form of a bar, the needle (2) being able to go into axial resonance when subjected by the actuator (3) to axial impulses at a given excitation frequency, thus superimposing vibrational movement of the head (20) on the overall movement of the needle (2).
  2. Injection device according to Claim 1, in which the excitation frequency lies in a range extending from 10 to 30 kHz.
  3. Injection device according to Claim 1, in which the rod (30) is made of magnetostrictive material and is surrounded by a coil (31) able to create a magnetic field in the rod (30).
  4. Injection device according to Claim 3, in which a tube (32) made of ferromagnetic material surrounds the coil (31).
  5. Injection device according to Claim 1, in which the rod (30) is made of piezoelectric material.
  6. Injection device according to Claim 5, in which the impedance of the weight (34) is greater than the impedance of the needle (2).
  7. Injection device according to Claim 6, in which the preloading device comprises a tubular sleeve tube (37) containing the weight (34) and the actuator (3), a preloading spring (35) pressing against the sleeve tube (37) and tending to push the weight (34) against the rod (30), and an elastic washer (33), the needle (2) having a flange (21), the elastic washer (33) bearing against the flange (21) in order to compress the needle (2) against the rod (30).
  8. Injection device according to Claim 7, in which the assembly comprising the needle (2), the preloading device (33, 37, 35) and the actuator (3) is mounted such that it can slide in the cylindrical body (11), there being pressing means (4) acting on said assembly and tending to press the head (20) against the seat (14).
  9. Method of controlling an injection device according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that an injection phase is performed by applying to the actuator (3) a continuous signal during the injection period and a periodic signal at an excitation frequency capable of causing the needle (2) to go into resonance.
  10. Control method according to Claim 9, in which a damping signal obtained via the inverse transform of the simulated oscillatory movement of the head (14) is superposed if the control signal is cut off.
EP06794493A 2005-08-01 2006-07-20 Fuel injecting device and method for controlling said device Active EP1913253B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0508182A FR2889257B1 (en) 2005-08-01 2005-08-01 FUEL INJECTION DEVICE AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING SUCH A DEVICE
PCT/FR2006/050740 WO2007015022A1 (en) 2005-08-01 2006-07-20 Fuel injecting device and method for controlling said device

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EP1913253A1 EP1913253A1 (en) 2008-04-23
EP1913253B1 true EP1913253B1 (en) 2009-03-11

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EP (1) EP1913253B1 (en)
KR (1) KR101129016B1 (en)
CN (1) CN101233313B (en)
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FR (1) FR2889257B1 (en)
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FR2918123A1 (en) * 2007-06-27 2009-01-02 Renault Sas FLUID INJECTION DEVICE.
FR2922964B1 (en) 2007-10-31 2009-11-20 Renault Sas RESONANT NEEDLE FLUID INJECTION DEVICE FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
FR2924176A3 (en) 2007-11-27 2009-05-29 Renault Sas Fluid e.g. pressurized liquid fuel, injecting device e.g. injector, for internal combustion engine, has actuator for placing resonant needle in axial oscillation, and bellow forming sealing between mobile element and end of nozzle tip
DE102008054591A1 (en) * 2008-12-12 2010-06-17 Robert Bosch Gmbh Decoupling element for a fuel injection device
FR2941746A1 (en) 2009-02-02 2010-08-06 Renault Sas DEVICE FOR INJECTING LIQUID, IN PARTICULAR FUEL, WITH ELECTROACTIVE ACTUATOR.
FR2949247B1 (en) 2009-08-24 2011-09-16 Renault Sa SYSTEM FOR MOUNTING A RESONANT NEEDLE INJECTION DEVICE.
FR2978301B1 (en) 2011-07-18 2013-08-02 Renault Sa METHOD FOR ASSEMBLING AN ULTRASONIC TRANSDUCER AND TRANSDUCER OBTAINED BY THE METHOD
RU2540347C2 (en) * 2013-01-24 2015-02-10 Федеральное государственнное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Ярославский государственный технический университет" Ice electrically-controlled fuel injector
US10119507B1 (en) * 2017-07-17 2018-11-06 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Rotating fuel injector assembly

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DE3314899A1 (en) * 1983-04-25 1984-10-25 Mesenich, Gerhard, Dipl.-Ing., 4630 Bochum SPRING ARRANGEMENT WITH ADDITIONAL DIMENSIONS FOR IMPROVING THE DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF ELECTROMAGNET SYSTEMS
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US6318646B1 (en) * 1999-03-26 2001-11-20 MAGNETI MARELLI S.p.A. Fuel injector
JP2000297720A (en) * 1999-04-13 2000-10-24 Hitachi Ltd Fuel injection system
JP3816801B2 (en) * 2000-01-26 2006-08-30 株式会社日立製作所 Electromagnetic fuel injection valve
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DE10148603B4 (en) * 2001-10-02 2004-02-19 Siemens Ag Actuator unit with at least two actuator elements
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FR2854664B1 (en) 2003-05-09 2006-06-30 Renault Sa FLUID INJECTION DEVICE

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ES2320041T3 (en) 2009-05-18
EP1913253A1 (en) 2008-04-23
US20080315019A1 (en) 2008-12-25
WO2007015022A1 (en) 2007-02-08
FR2889257B1 (en) 2007-11-02
RU2008107952A (en) 2009-09-10
FR2889257A1 (en) 2007-02-02
CN101233313B (en) 2011-02-16
US7784708B2 (en) 2010-08-31
DE602006005682D1 (en) 2009-04-23
KR101129016B1 (en) 2012-03-28
KR20080043790A (en) 2008-05-19
ATE425354T1 (en) 2009-03-15
RU2439362C2 (en) 2012-01-10

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