EP1900840A2 - Method for preparing strain tolerant coatings from a green material - Google Patents
Method for preparing strain tolerant coatings from a green material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1900840A2 EP1900840A2 EP07116282A EP07116282A EP1900840A2 EP 1900840 A2 EP1900840 A2 EP 1900840A2 EP 07116282 A EP07116282 A EP 07116282A EP 07116282 A EP07116282 A EP 07116282A EP 1900840 A2 EP1900840 A2 EP 1900840A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- coating
- treating
- strain
- substrate
- metallic bond
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 124
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title description 15
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000012720 thermal barrier coating Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006748 scratching Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002393 scratching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002207 thermal evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007641 inkjet printing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 25
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005328 electron beam physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005524 ceramic coating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000951 Aluminide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000656145 Thyrsites atun Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005269 aluminizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010288 cold spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010283 detonation spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- QFXZANXYUCUTQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethynol Chemical group OC#C QFXZANXYUCUTQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001513 hot isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010297 mechanical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000259 microwave plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007750 plasma spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004549 pulsed laser deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007751 thermal spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D3/10—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by other chemical means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/26—After-treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/26—After-treatment
- C23C2/28—Thermal after-treatment, e.g. treatment in oil bath
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/02—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of pressure only
- C23C24/04—Impact or kinetic deposition of particles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/18—After-treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
- C25D7/008—Thermal barrier coatings
Definitions
- the invention relates to methods, and the articles produced thereby, for preparing strain tolerant coatings.
- the invention relates to methods, and the articles produced thereby, for preparing strain tolerant coatings, where the coatings have a "green" state.
- the invention relates to methods, and the articles produced thereby, for preparing strain tolerant coatings, which have a green state, where the coatings can be used for thermal barrier coatings.
- Metals can oxidize, corrode, and become brittle if they are exposed to relatively high temperatures (i.e., greater than or equal to about 700°C) and especially if they are present in oxidative environments. Environments, such as these with temperatures and oxidizing environments, can be produced in gas turbines, such as gas turbines used for power generation applications. It is recognized in the power generation technology area that a thermal barrier coating (TBC), when applied to metal turbine components, can reduce the effects that high-temperature, oxidative environments have on the metal components.
- TBC thermal barrier coating
- Thermal barrier coatings typically comprise at least two components, a metallic bond coating and a ceramic coating.
- the metallic bond coating can contain oxidation protection and or corrosion protection materials, such as, but not limited to, at least one of aluminum and chromium.
- the metallic bond coating can comprise chromium, aluminum, yttrium, or combinations of the forgoing, such as MCrAlY where M is nickel, cobalt, or iron ( U.S. Patent No. 4,034,142 to Hecht , and U.S. Patent No. 4,585,481 to Gupta et al. describe some coating materials).
- Metallic bond coatings can be applied by thermal spraying techniques (Gupta et al. describe the coating materials comprising silicon and hafnium particles being applied by plasma spraying).
- a ceramic coating of a thermal barrier coating can be applied to the metallic bond coating.
- the method of applying include known methods, such as, but not limited to, air plasma spray (APS) or electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD).
- a “green” state refers to the state in which the chemistry/properties of the coating, regardless of the number of components and layers, has been applied, is "un-finished” or not finally treated to be in final desired form with the desired chemistry/properties, but requires subsequent active processing to achieve the desired chemistry/properties.
- the subsequent active processing is conducted to achieve the final desired properties of the resultant coating.
- Subsequent processing is defined herein to comprise further steps that are desired to "finish" the coating.
- All coatings which have a green state, are vulnerable when in this un-finished or "green” state. When in the green state, these coatings may not possess the same properties as they do in their final state. These properties include optical and/or mechanical and/or chemical and/or thermal properties of the coating. It is this vulnerability that allows the coatings to be altered, sometimes altered permanently, by conditions that would not generally affect the coatings if the coatings were in their final state. If a TBC is attempted to be applied using a material that exhibits a green state, the final desired properties are not achieved.
- a need for a method to apply a strain tolerant TBC to metal turbine components and other structures that could benefit from the presence of a TBC exists. Further, a need to provide coating method to obtain a strain tolerant TBC that processes green coatings to isolate creating strain tolerance in the coating is needed.
- a method for coating a substrate comprises disposing a coating on a substrate, where the coating exhibits a first strain tolerance; and treating the coating to enhance the strain tolerance of the coating to a second strain tolerance.
- the second strain tolerance is more strain tolerant strain than the first strain tolerance.
- the step of treating comprises at least one of mechanical treating, chemically treating, thermally treating, and combinations thereof.
- a green has been referred to as the state of a material before being treated, such as treated by heat, mechanical means, and/or chemical means.
- a common, but not limiting, heat treating for a green material is sintering.
- the coating from a material that exhibits a green state could be any of the following coatings, however, not limited to these coatings: sol-gel, slurry, and paste.
- the methods of forming the coating from a material that exhibits a green state includes, but is not limited to, suspension methods, painting methods, dipping processes, spraying, and deposition methods.
- Electro-plating processing is another method for forming the coating from a material that exhibits a green state, as embodied by the invention.
- the spraying can comprise most conventional spray processes, such as, but not limited to, thermal spray, APS, VPS, LPPS, HVOF, Flame, Arc Wire, Detonation, and cold spraying methods.
- the deposition methods as embodied by the invention, can comprise physical vapor deposition, as well as evaporative, sputtering, and pulsed laser deposition processes.
- the deposition can comprise chemical vapor deposition (CVD).
- the chemical vapor deposition as embodied by the invention, can include atomic layer, aerosol assisted, hot wire assisted, microwave plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition processing.
- the method of preparing the strain tolerant thermal barrier coating on a metal substrate comprises the following: disposing a green coating on a metal substrate; and treating the green coating to form a strain tolerant coating.
- the treating comprises at least one of mechanical treating, chemically treating, thermally treating, and combinations thereof.
- the resulting coating provides oxidation protection to the metallic bond coating and the substrate.
- the treating of the coating enhances the strain tolerance of the green coating, from a first strain tolerance to a second strain tolerance.
- the second strain tolerance being more strain tolerant strain than the first strain tolerance.
- the first/green coating can undergo a hot-isostatic pressing process prior to, or during, the sintering step. Such a step allows for thicker coatings to be dried and sintered without uncontrolled or undesired cracking.
- the step of treating can comprise mechanical treatment.
- the mechanical treatment comprises at least one of scratching; imprinting; screening; cutting; applying a removable, non-wetting pattern or mesh; or combinations comprising at least one of the foregoing.
- the step of treating can comprise chemical treatment.
- the chemical treatment can comprise at least one of application of a non-wetting pattern or inclusion of a binder to result in controlled cracking of the coating during treating.
- the step of treating can comprise thermal treatment.
- the treatment if thermally treating comprises applying at least one of a laser or an electron beam.
- the metal substrate can be any one of various components that would benefit from the addition of a barrier coating, such as, for example, combustion liners or transition pieces, buckets, nozzles, blades, vanes, shrouds, as well as other components, for example, components that will be disposed in a hot gas stream in a turbine engine.
- This metal substrate can comprise various metals employed in such applications including nickel, cobalt, iron, combinations comprising at least one of the foregoing, as well as alloys comprising at least one of the foregoing, such as a nickel-base superalloy, and/or a cobalt-based superalloy.
- the metallic bond coating material(s) to form the barrier coatings can include nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), iron (Fe), chromium (Cr), aluminum (Al), yttrium (Y), alloys comprising at least one of the foregoing, as well as combinations comprising at least one of the foregoing.
- the metallic bond coating can comprises MCrAlY (where M consists of nickel, cobalt, iron, and combinations comprising at least one of the forgoing).
- An MCrAIY coating can further comprise elements such as silicon (Si), ruthenium (Ru), iridium (Ir), osmium (Os), gold (Au), silver (Ag), tantalum (Ta), palladium (Pd), rhenium (Re), hafnium (Hf), platinum (Pt), rhodium (Rh), tungsten (W), alloys comprising at least one of the foregoing, as well as combinations comprising at least one of the foregoing.
- the metallic bond coat can comprise sufficient aluminum to form an alumina scale on the surface of the metallic bond coating.
- the aluminum can be in the form of an aluminide that optionally comprises ruthenium (Ru), iridium (Ir), osmium (Os), gold (Au), silver (Ag), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), rhodium (Rh), alloys comprising at least one of the foregoing, as well as combinations comprising at least one of the foregoing.
- vapor deposition e.g., electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD), chemical vapor deposition (CVD), electroplating, ion plasma deposition (IPD), plasma spray (for example, vacuum plasma spray (VPS), low pressure plasma spray (LPPS), air plasma spray (APS), and so forth), thermal deposition (for example, high velocity oxidation fuel (HVOF) deposition, and the like, as well as combinations comprising at least one of the foregoing processes.
- vapor deposition e.g., electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD), chemical vapor deposition (CVD), electroplating, ion plasma deposition (IPD), plasma spray (for example, vacuum plasma spray (VPS), low pressure plasma spray (LPPS), air plasma spray (APS), and so forth
- thermal deposition for example, high velocity oxidation fuel (HVOF) deposition, and the like, as well as combinations comprising at least one of the foregoing processes.
- HVOF high velocity oxidation fuel
- metallic bond coating components can be combined (for example, by induction melting, and the like), powderized (for example, by powder atomization), or a plasma sprayed onto the substrate.
- the metallic bond coating elements can be incorporated into a target and ion plasma deposited. Where multiple stages are employed, the same or different elements can be applied to the substrate during each phase.
- a precious metal for example, platinum
- the precious metal can be electroplated onto the substrate surface, and the other elements can be applied by the thermal deposition (for example, by HVOF) of a powder composition. Aluminizing can then be carried out, to attain intermixing of the precious metal with the rest of the coating composition.
- metal material such as in the form of wire, rod, and similar forms can be applied to a substrate.
- the metal material could be feed fed into an oxy-acetylene flame.
- the flame melts the metal material and atomizes the particle melt with an auxiliary stream of high-pressure air that deposits the material as a coating on the substrate.
- Flameless spray apparatus can also be employed, such as those disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,285,967 to Weidman .
- the HVOF process produces smooth coatings, e.g., a coating having a R a of less than or equal to about 1 micrometer (50 microinches), which, of course, is desirable.
- the thickness of the metallic bond coating depends upon the application in which the coated component is used and the application technique.
- the coating can be applied to turbine components at a thickness of about 50 micrometers to about 625 micrometers, or, more specifically, about 75 micrometers to about 425 micrometers.
- the metallic bond coating can be treated to roughen the surface prior to the application of the sol-gel coating. Specifically the metallic bond coating can be roughened in the order of about 100 to about 400 micro inches (about 2.54 to about 10.16 micrometers) surface roughness average (Ra) to provide adequate bonding for the application of the coating.
- a metal substrate is coated with a "green" strain tolerant TBC using a sol-gel type process.
- a metal substrate is first coated with a metallic bond coating by any number of processes including, for example, HVOF or VPS.
- a sol containing inorganic metal oxide powders is then coated on the metallic bond coating to the surface opposite to the metal substrate.
- the sol coating is treated to induce removal of the liquid and other volatile components of the "green” sol.
- the final step includes treating by sintering the "green”coating to form a strain tolerant TBC on the metal substrate. This strain tolerance can act to inhibit the coating to form and propagate cracks and spallation during an engine service interval of a turbine engine component.
- the "green" coating can be; hot-isostatically pressed before or during sintering the coating to form a strain tolerant coating.
- the coating can be a thermal barrier coating, an erosion resistant coating or any other desirable coating for the intended application.
- a process for producing strain tolerant coatings from a material that exhibits a green state using a sol-gel type process can be used to produce thermal barrier coatings.
- This process is disclosed in US Patent Application 11/386424, filed March 22, 2006 , and assigned to the instant Assignee of this application. A further explanation of the sol-gel type process is omitted for ease of description. Reference can be made to US Patent Application 11/386424 for the description.
- the process description herein is merely exemplary in purpose, and is not intended to limit the application in any manner.
- Such a process allows for the convenient preparation of coated articles having intricate and large geometries, such as turbine components, as the thermal barrier coatings can be applied using techniques. These techniques include, but not limited to, dip coating, spray coating, roll coating, inkjet printing, spin coating, painting, and the like.
- the following description will be directed to the coating and the process with respect to a thermal barrier coating; however, this application of a TBC coating and process are merely exemplary and are not intended to limit the invention in any manner.
- the coating could be used for erosion resistance, or any other like function.
- the process can be used to apply a coating to any suitable substrate for any appropriate application.
- first,” “second,” and the like, herein do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but rather are used to distinguish one element from another, and the terms “a” and “an” herein do not denote a limitation of quantity, but rather denote the presence of at least one of the referenced item.
- the modifier “about” used in connection with a quantity is inclusive of the stated value and has the meaning dictated by the context, (e.g., includes the degree of error associated with measurement of the particular quantity).
- suffix "(s)” as used herein is intended to include both the singular and the plural of the term that it modifies, thereby including one or more of that term (e.g., the metal(s) includes one or more metals).
- Ranges disclosed herein are inclusive and independently combinable (e.g., ranges of "up to about 25 wt%, or, more specifically, about 5 wt% to about 20 wt %", is inclusive of the endpoints and all intermediate values of the ranges of "about 5 wt% to about 25 wt%,” etc).
- a pattern can be induced on or in the coating, where the patterning can occur before or after treatment.
- inducing a pattern means altering the surface morphology and coating.
- the process of inducing a pattern is not particularly limited and can be selected by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue experimentation using the guidelines provided.
- the process of inducing a pattern may be provided by various mechanical, chemical, or thermal methods.
- Mechanical methods can include means such as scratching, imprinting, screening, cutting, or utilizing a peelable mesh that would inhibit coating in desired locations on the substrate and be physically removed after the coating process is complete or burned out during if heat treated.
- Imprinting can include pressing a mold to the surface impart a pattern, where the mold contains a negative of the desired pattern.
- Chemical means can include methods such as application of a non-wetting pattern or inclusion of a specialized binder.
- Thermal modification can be achieved using means such as a laser or electronbeam (EB) etching. The resulting pattern, regardless of the method by which it is achieved, can enhance and better tolerate thermal expansion changes of the coated components.
Abstract
Description
- The invention relates to methods, and the articles produced thereby, for preparing strain tolerant coatings. In particular, the invention relates to methods, and the articles produced thereby, for preparing strain tolerant coatings, where the coatings have a "green" state. Moreover, the invention relates to methods, and the articles produced thereby, for preparing strain tolerant coatings, which have a green state, where the coatings can be used for thermal barrier coatings.
- Metals can oxidize, corrode, and become brittle if they are exposed to relatively high temperatures (i.e., greater than or equal to about 700°C) and especially if they are present in oxidative environments. Environments, such as these with temperatures and oxidizing environments, can be produced in gas turbines, such as gas turbines used for power generation applications. It is recognized in the power generation technology area that a thermal barrier coating (TBC), when applied to metal turbine components, can reduce the effects that high-temperature, oxidative environments have on the metal components.
- Thermal barrier coatings typically comprise at least two components, a metallic bond coating and a ceramic coating. The metallic bond coating can contain oxidation protection and or corrosion protection materials, such as, but not limited to, at least one of aluminum and chromium. For example, the metallic bond coating can comprise chromium, aluminum, yttrium, or combinations of the forgoing, such as MCrAlY where M is nickel, cobalt, or iron (
U.S. Patent No. 4,034,142 to Hecht , andU.S. Patent No. 4,585,481 to Gupta et al. describe some coating materials). Metallic bond coatings can be applied by thermal spraying techniques (Gupta et al. describe the coating materials comprising silicon and hafnium particles being applied by plasma spraying). - Moreover, a ceramic coating of a thermal barrier coating can be applied to the metallic bond coating. The method of applying include known methods, such as, but not limited to, air plasma spray (APS) or electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD).
- A "green" state, as defined in this application, refers to the state in which the chemistry/properties of the coating, regardless of the number of components and layers, has been applied, is "un-finished" or not finally treated to be in final desired form with the desired chemistry/properties, but requires subsequent active processing to achieve the desired chemistry/properties. The subsequent active processing is conducted to achieve the final desired properties of the resultant coating. Subsequent processing is defined herein to comprise further steps that are desired to "finish" the coating.
- All coatings, which have a green state, are vulnerable when in this un-finished or "green" state. When in the green state, these coatings may not possess the same properties as they do in their final state. These properties include optical and/or mechanical and/or chemical and/or thermal properties of the coating. It is this vulnerability that allows the coatings to be altered, sometimes altered permanently, by conditions that would not generally affect the coatings if the coatings were in their final state. If a TBC is attempted to be applied using a material that exhibits a green state, the final desired properties are not achieved.
- Traditional coating methods to obtain a strain tolerant TBC can be very expensive and/or very difficult to produce. Coatings produced through the EB-PVD method produce a structure, which is very strain tolerant, yet the process is expensive and can be impractical, especially for components that have large or unique geometries. Further, coatings with strain tolerance are modified either in-situ or after final processing, which is both expensive and difficult. Moreover, known coating methods to obtain a strain tolerant TBC do not address the need to process green coatings creating strain tolerance.
- Therefore, a need for a method to apply a strain tolerant TBC to metal turbine components and other structures that could benefit from the presence of a TBC exists. Further, a need to provide coating method to obtain a strain tolerant TBC that processes green coatings to isolate creating strain tolerance in the coating is needed.
- A method for coating a substrate, as embodied by the invention, comprises disposing a coating on a substrate, where the coating exhibits a first strain tolerance; and treating the coating to enhance the strain tolerance of the coating to a second strain tolerance. The second strain tolerance is more strain tolerant strain than the first strain tolerance. Further, the step of treating comprises at least one of mechanical treating, chemically treating, thermally treating, and combinations thereof.
- The above described and other features are exemplified by the following detailed description.
- Disclosed herein are processes for producing strain tolerant coatings from a first coating material that exhibits a green or non-final state. The term green has been referred to as the state of a material before being treated, such as treated by heat, mechanical means, and/or chemical means. A common, but not limiting, heat treating for a green material is sintering.
- The coating from a material that exhibits a green state, as embodied by the invention, could be any of the following coatings, however, not limited to these coatings: sol-gel, slurry, and paste. The methods of forming the coating from a material that exhibits a green state includes, but is not limited to, suspension methods, painting methods, dipping processes, spraying, and deposition methods. Electro-plating processing is another method for forming the coating from a material that exhibits a green state, as embodied by the invention.
- The spraying can comprise most conventional spray processes, such as, but not limited to, thermal spray, APS, VPS, LPPS, HVOF, Flame, Arc Wire, Detonation, and cold spraying methods. Further, the deposition methods, as embodied by the invention, can comprise physical vapor deposition, as well as evaporative, sputtering, and pulsed laser deposition processes.
- Furthermore, as embodied by the invention, the deposition can comprise chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The chemical vapor deposition, as embodied by the invention, can include atomic layer, aerosol assisted, hot wire assisted, microwave plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition processing.
- Generally, the method of preparing the strain tolerant thermal barrier coating on a metal substrate comprises the following: disposing a green coating on a metal substrate; and treating the green coating to form a strain tolerant coating. The treating, as embodied by the invention, comprises at least one of mechanical treating, chemically treating, thermally treating, and combinations thereof. The resulting coating provides oxidation protection to the metallic bond coating and the substrate.
- In the process, as embodied by the invention, the treating of the coating enhances the strain tolerance of the green coating, from a first strain tolerance to a second strain tolerance. Here, the second strain tolerance being more strain tolerant strain than the first strain tolerance.
- In one embodiment, to minimize the potential of cracks forming in the coating, the first/green coating can undergo a hot-isostatic pressing process prior to, or during, the sintering step. Such a step allows for thicker coatings to be dried and sintered without uncontrolled or undesired cracking.
- The step of treating, as embodied by the invention, can comprise mechanical treatment. The mechanical treatment comprises at least one of scratching; imprinting; screening; cutting; applying a removable, non-wetting pattern or mesh; or combinations comprising at least one of the foregoing.
- The step of treating, as embodied by the invention, can comprise chemical treatment. The chemical treatment can comprise at least one of application of a non-wetting pattern or inclusion of a binder to result in controlled cracking of the coating during treating.
- Further, the step of treating, as embodied by the invention, can comprise thermal treatment. The treatment if thermally treating comprises applying at least one of a laser or an electron beam.
- The metal substrate can be any one of various components that would benefit from the addition of a barrier coating, such as, for example, combustion liners or transition pieces, buckets, nozzles, blades, vanes, shrouds, as well as other components, for example, components that will be disposed in a hot gas stream in a turbine engine. This metal substrate can comprise various metals employed in such applications including nickel, cobalt, iron, combinations comprising at least one of the foregoing, as well as alloys comprising at least one of the foregoing, such as a nickel-base superalloy, and/or a cobalt-based superalloy.
- The metallic bond coating material(s) to form the barrier coatings, as embodied by the invention, can include nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), iron (Fe), chromium (Cr), aluminum (Al), yttrium (Y), alloys comprising at least one of the foregoing, as well as combinations comprising at least one of the foregoing. For example, and in no way limiting of the application, the metallic bond coating can comprises MCrAlY (where M consists of nickel, cobalt, iron, and combinations comprising at least one of the forgoing). An MCrAIY coating can further comprise elements such as silicon (Si), ruthenium (Ru), iridium (Ir), osmium (Os), gold (Au), silver (Ag), tantalum (Ta), palladium (Pd), rhenium (Re), hafnium (Hf), platinum (Pt), rhodium (Rh), tungsten (W), alloys comprising at least one of the foregoing, as well as combinations comprising at least one of the foregoing. For example, but not limited to, the metallic bond coat can comprise sufficient aluminum to form an alumina scale on the surface of the metallic bond coating. The aluminum can be in the form of an aluminide that optionally comprises ruthenium (Ru), iridium (Ir), osmium (Os), gold (Au), silver (Ag), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), rhodium (Rh), alloys comprising at least one of the foregoing, as well as combinations comprising at least one of the foregoing.
- Application of the green, metallic bond coating to the substrate, which can be accomplished in a single or multiple stages, can be accomplished in various fashions as embodied by the invention. These application of coating processes include, but are not limited to, vapor deposition (e.g., electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD), chemical vapor deposition (CVD), electroplating, ion plasma deposition (IPD), plasma spray (for example, vacuum plasma spray (VPS), low pressure plasma spray (LPPS), air plasma spray (APS), and so forth), thermal deposition (for example, high velocity oxidation fuel (HVOF) deposition, and the like, as well as combinations comprising at least one of the foregoing processes. For example, metallic bond coating components can be combined (for example, by induction melting, and the like), powderized (for example, by powder atomization), or a plasma sprayed onto the substrate. Alternatively, or in addition, the metallic bond coating elements can be incorporated into a target and ion plasma deposited. Where multiple stages are employed, the same or different elements can be applied to the substrate during each phase. As an example, a precious metal (for example, platinum) can be applied by a technique that reduces waste, followed by another process to apply the remaining elements. Therefore, the precious metal can be electroplated onto the substrate surface, and the other elements can be applied by the thermal deposition (for example, by HVOF) of a powder composition. Aluminizing can then be carried out, to attain intermixing of the precious metal with the rest of the coating composition.
- For example, metal material, such as in the form of wire, rod, and similar forms can be applied to a substrate. The metal material could be feed fed into an oxy-acetylene flame. The flame melts the metal material and atomizes the particle melt with an auxiliary stream of high-pressure air that deposits the material as a coating on the substrate. Flameless spray apparatus can also be employed, such as those disclosed in
U.S. Patent No. 5,285,967 to Weidman . The HVOF process produces smooth coatings, e.g., a coating having a Ra of less than or equal to about 1 micrometer (50 microinches), which, of course, is desirable. - The thickness of the metallic bond coating depends upon the application in which the coated component is used and the application technique. The coating can be applied to turbine components at a thickness of about 50 micrometers to about 625 micrometers, or, more specifically, about 75 micrometers to about 425 micrometers. The metallic bond coating can be treated to roughen the surface prior to the application of the sol-gel coating. Specifically the metallic bond coating can be roughened in the order of about 100 to about 400 micro inches (about 2.54 to about 10.16 micrometers) surface roughness average (Ra) to provide adequate bonding for the application of the coating.
- In an exemplary embodiment, however, not intended to limit the invention in any manner, a metal substrate is coated with a "green" strain tolerant TBC using a sol-gel type process. A metal substrate is first coated with a metallic bond coating by any number of processes including, for example, HVOF or VPS. A sol containing inorganic metal oxide powders is then coated on the metallic bond coating to the surface opposite to the metal substrate. The sol coating is treated to induce removal of the liquid and other volatile components of the "green" sol. The final step includes treating by sintering the "green"coating to form a strain tolerant TBC on the metal substrate. This strain tolerance can act to inhibit the coating to form and propagate cracks and spallation during an engine service interval of a turbine engine component.
- Also, as embodied by the invention, the "green" coating can be; hot-isostatically pressed before or during sintering the coating to form a strain tolerant coating. The coating can be a thermal barrier coating, an erosion resistant coating or any other desirable coating for the intended application.
- A process for producing strain tolerant coatings from a material that exhibits a green state using a sol-gel type process can be used to produce thermal barrier coatings. This process is disclosed in
US Patent Application 11/386424, filed March 22, 2006 US Patent Application 11/386424 - The process description herein is merely exemplary in purpose, and is not intended to limit the application in any manner. Such a process allows for the convenient preparation of coated articles having intricate and large geometries, such as turbine components, as the thermal barrier coatings can be applied using techniques. These techniques include, but not limited to, dip coating, spray coating, roll coating, inkjet printing, spin coating, painting, and the like. The following description will be directed to the coating and the process with respect to a thermal barrier coating; however, this application of a TBC coating and process are merely exemplary and are not intended to limit the invention in any manner. The coating could be used for erosion resistance, or any other like function. Also, the process can be used to apply a coating to any suitable substrate for any appropriate application.
- The terms "first," "second," and the like, herein do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but rather are used to distinguish one element from another, and the terms "a" and "an" herein do not denote a limitation of quantity, but rather denote the presence of at least one of the referenced item. The modifier "about" used in connection with a quantity is inclusive of the stated value and has the meaning dictated by the context, (e.g., includes the degree of error associated with measurement of the particular quantity). The suffix "(s)" as used herein is intended to include both the singular and the plural of the term that it modifies, thereby including one or more of that term (e.g., the metal(s) includes one or more metals). Ranges disclosed herein are inclusive and independently combinable (e.g., ranges of "up to about 25 wt%, or, more specifically, about 5 wt% to about 20 wt %", is inclusive of the endpoints and all intermediate values of the ranges of "about 5 wt% to about 25 wt%," etc).
- Once the green coating has formed, a pattern can be induced on or in the coating, where the patterning can occur before or after treatment. As used herein, "inducing a pattern" means altering the surface morphology and coating. The process of inducing a pattern is not particularly limited and can be selected by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue experimentation using the guidelines provided. The process of inducing a pattern may be provided by various mechanical, chemical, or thermal methods.
- Mechanical methods can include means such as scratching, imprinting, screening, cutting, or utilizing a peelable mesh that would inhibit coating in desired locations on the substrate and be physically removed after the coating process is complete or burned out during if heat treated. Imprinting can include pressing a mold to the surface impart a pattern, where the mold contains a negative of the desired pattern. Chemical means can include methods such as application of a non-wetting pattern or inclusion of a specialized binder. Thermal modification can be achieved using means such as a laser or electronbeam (EB) etching. The resulting pattern, regardless of the method by which it is achieved, can enhance and better tolerate thermal expansion changes of the coated components.
- While various embodiments are described herein, it will be appreciated from the specification that various combinations of elements, variations or improvements therein may be made by those skilled in the art, and are within the scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed as the best mode contemplated for carrying out this invention, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
- A method for coating a substrate, comprising:disposing a first coating on a substrate, where the first coating exhibits a first strain tolerance; andtreating the first coating to enhance the strain tolerance of the first coating to a second strain tolerance, the second strain tolerance being more strain tolerant strain than the first strain tolerance,wherein the step of treating comprises at least one of mechanical treating, chemically treating, thermally treating, and combinations thereof.
- The method of claim 1, further comprising disposing a metallic bond coating on the metal substrate, wherein the first coating is disposed on the metallic bond coating surface opposite to the metal substrate.
- The method according to claim 1 or claim 2, further comprising a step of drying the first coating after inducing a pattern on or in the first coating.
- The method according to any of claims 1, 2, or 3, wherein the step of treating comprising mechanically treating comprises at least one of scratching; imprinting; screening; cutting; applying a removable, non-wetting pattern or mesh; or combinations comprising at least one of the foregoing or
comprises at least one of application of a non-wetting pattern or inclusion of a binder to result in controlled cracking of the coating during treating, or
comprises applying at least one of a laser or an electron beam. - The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the step of disposing of the first coating on the substrate comprises at least one of dip coating, spray coating, roll coating, inkjet printing, spin coating, painting, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing methods.
- The method according to any of the preceding claims, further comprising at least one of removing volatile components of the coating, or
providing a pattern on or in the coating, or
hot-isostatically pressing the coating, or
sintering the coating. - The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein disposing the metallic bond coating comprises vapor deposition, electroplating, ion plasma deposition, plasma spray, thermal deposition or combinations comprising at least one of the foregoing of metallic bond coating elements onto the metal substrate.
- The method according to any of claims 2-7, wherein the metallic bond coating comprises MCrAlY, wherein M is selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, iron, and combinations comprising at least one of the foregoing, and wherein the metallic bond coating further comprises an element selected from the group consisting of silicon, ruthenium, iridium, osmium, gold, silver, tantalum, palladium, rhenium, hafnium, platinum, rhodium, tungsten, alloys comprising at least one of the foregoing, and combinations comprising at least one of the foregoing.
- The method according to any of the preceding claims, further comprising forming the coating on the substrate into a thermal barrier coating.
- The method according to any of the preceding claims, further comprising forming the coating on the substrate into an erosion resistant coating.
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US52103306A | 2006-09-14 | 2006-09-14 |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP2113586A2 (en) | 2008-05-01 | 2009-11-04 | United Technologies Corporation | Low cost non-line-of-sight portective coatings |
US8535783B2 (en) | 2010-06-08 | 2013-09-17 | United Technologies Corporation | Ceramic coating systems and methods |
US9052111B2 (en) | 2012-06-22 | 2015-06-09 | United Technologies Corporation | Turbine engine combustor wall with non-uniform distribution of effusion apertures |
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US20110297358A1 (en) * | 2010-06-07 | 2011-12-08 | The Boeing Company | Nano-coating thermal barrier and method for making the same |
KR101827836B1 (en) | 2017-10-25 | 2018-03-29 | (주)두온에너지원 | Construction method for infrared reflection coating |
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EP1283278A2 (en) * | 2001-08-02 | 2003-02-12 | Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation | Segmented thermal barrier coating and method of manufacturing the same |
US20060057407A1 (en) * | 2002-12-23 | 2006-03-16 | Sankar Sambasivan | Aluminum phosphate compounds, coatings, related composites and applications |
EP1837417A2 (en) * | 2006-03-22 | 2007-09-26 | General Electric Company | Method for preparing strain tolerant coatings by a sol-gel process |
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2007
- 2007-09-12 JP JP2007236386A patent/JP2008093655A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-09-13 EP EP07116282A patent/EP1900840A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-09-13 KR KR1020070093091A patent/KR20080025013A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2007-09-14 CN CNA2007101536834A patent/CN101153400A/en active Pending
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US4457948A (en) * | 1982-07-26 | 1984-07-03 | United Technologies Corporation | Quench-cracked ceramic thermal barrier coatings |
US5419971A (en) * | 1993-03-03 | 1995-05-30 | General Electric Company | Enhanced thermal barrier coating system |
EP1283278A2 (en) * | 2001-08-02 | 2003-02-12 | Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation | Segmented thermal barrier coating and method of manufacturing the same |
US20060057407A1 (en) * | 2002-12-23 | 2006-03-16 | Sankar Sambasivan | Aluminum phosphate compounds, coatings, related composites and applications |
EP1837417A2 (en) * | 2006-03-22 | 2007-09-26 | General Electric Company | Method for preparing strain tolerant coatings by a sol-gel process |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP2113586A2 (en) | 2008-05-01 | 2009-11-04 | United Technologies Corporation | Low cost non-line-of-sight portective coatings |
EP2113586A3 (en) * | 2008-05-01 | 2010-05-12 | United Technologies Corporation | Low cost non-line-of-sight portective coatings |
US8535783B2 (en) | 2010-06-08 | 2013-09-17 | United Technologies Corporation | Ceramic coating systems and methods |
US9052111B2 (en) | 2012-06-22 | 2015-06-09 | United Technologies Corporation | Turbine engine combustor wall with non-uniform distribution of effusion apertures |
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EP1900840A3 (en) | 2009-07-22 |
CN101153400A (en) | 2008-04-02 |
KR20080025013A (en) | 2008-03-19 |
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