Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
  • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
  • B64D15/00—De-icing or preventing icing on exterior surfaces of aircraft
  • B64D15/12—De-icing or preventing icing on exterior surfaces of aircraft by electric heating
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
  • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
  • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
  • H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
  • H05B3/342—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs heaters used in textiles
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
  • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
  • H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
  • H05B2203/007—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using multiple electrically connected resistive elements or resistive zones
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
  • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
  • H05B2203/011—Heaters using laterally extending conductive material as connecting means
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
  • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
  • H05B2203/013—Heaters using resistive films or coatings
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
  • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
  • H05B2203/017—Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
  • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
  • H05B2203/033—Heater including particular mechanical reinforcing means
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
  • Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
  • Y10T428/2495—Thickness [relative or absolute]
  • Y10T428/24967—Absolute thicknesses specified
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a laminate comprising a layer of conductive fabric formed essentially of electrically conductive material fibers, this layer which is provided with means for connection to a source of electrical current, being sandwiched between a layer of upper reinforcement and a lower reinforcement layer each made of an electrically insulating material.
• Laminates of this type are already known in which the upper and lower reinforcement layers are each constituted by a glass fiber fabric associated with an epoxy resin, for example impregnated with such a resin.
• the object of the present invention is to overcome the above disadvantages and for this purpose, it proposes a laminate as defined in the first paragraph of this description and which is characterized in that said upper and lower reinforcement layers each comprise a elastomer, preferably in a proportion of at least about 70% by weight.
• This elastomer may be a natural or synthetic elastomer. It is preferably chosen from a neoprene elastomer, a polyurethane elastomer and a nitrile elastomer.
• the upper and lower reinforcement layers can both be made solely of an elastomer.
• at least one of said upper and lower layers further comprises a flexible fabric, which is impregnated with said elastomer or provided with a coating constituted by said elastomer; in this case, the flexible fabric is preferably 15% to 30% of the total weight of the fabric and elastomer.
• the flexible fabric provided with said coating comprises polyester fibers, polyamide fibers, polyaramid fibers, glass fibers or a mixture of these fibers.
• the reinforcing layers preferably each have, independently, a thickness of 25 to 100 hundredths of a millimeter.
• the layer of conductive fabric advantageously comprises a binder consisting of the drying product of a dissolution of an elastomer in an organic solvent.
• the proportion of the elastomer is preferably in the range of 20% to 40% by weight; said solvent is preferably a ketone, such as acetone or methyl ethyl ketone.
• the proportion of the conductive fabric is advantageously in the range from 5% to 30% of the total weight of said conductive fabric and said drying product.
• the elastomer may be selected from a neoprene elastomer, a polyurethane elastomer and a nitrile elastomer.
• the elastomer used for producing the support layer (s) is preferably of the same nature as the elastomer used with the conductive fabric.
• the fibers of the aforementioned conductive fabric may for example be constituted by carbon fibers provided with a nickel coating, these fibers being preferably relatively short, for example of a length of about 10 microns; the fabric corresponding to this definition is known under the trademark THERMION R and is marketed by the American company Thermion Systems International, Inc.
• the fibers of the conductive fabric preferably comprise a coating disposed under the abovementioned binder and consisting of a primer promoting the attachment of said dissolution to the fibers, the proportion of this coating advantageously being in the range of 1% to 5% by relative to the total weight of the coating and fibers of the conductive fabric.
• the laminate according to the invention consists essentially of flexible materials. As a result, it can be produced in the form of a planar base capable of undergoing shape modifications, without risk of breakage, to produce complex shapes in three dimensions.
• this laminate has, compared with prior art laminates, a much better resistance to mechanical stresses such as vibrations for example.
• the laminate according to the invention can be manufactured by the process described below. 1. On a suitable support is deposited a layer of material for forming the lower reinforcing layer of the laminate.
• This material is either an elastomer, or the flexible fabric impregnated with said elastomer or provided with a coating of such an elastomer.
• a solution of the elastomer in a suitable solvent is applied to this fabric by means of a bath or a brush, or by spraying. Then, followed by drying, for example at room temperature.
• a thin sheet of the elastomer is applied to the face of the flexible fabric intended to come into contact with the conductive fabric, which sheet during one of the following process operations is caused to impregnate said flexible fabric.
• the primer (dissolved in a solvent) is deposited on a sheet of conductive fabric, one end of which is provided with means of connection to a source of electric current.
• This deposit can be made by passing through a bath or applying by brush or spray.
• This application is carried out by means of a bath or a brush or by spraying; followed by drying, for example at room temperature, which leaves the binder on the fibers of the fabric web.
• a sheet of said elastomer is applied to said sheet, which film will subsequently impregnate the fabric sheet and form the binder.
• the layer of conductive fabric obtained at 3 is then deposited on the lower reinforcing layer obtained in 1.
• a layer of material for forming the upper reinforcing layer of the laminate is also produced in the same manner as in 1.
• the layer obtained at 5 is then applied to the layer of conductive fabric of the assembly obtained at 4.
• a plate is then applied to the upper layer of the assembly obtained at 6. and the latter is brought to a predetermined temperature and exerts on the plate a pressure determined for a suitable period (usually 5 to 10 minutes) advantageously chosen to prevent cooking of the elastomer that would lose its stickiness.
• a suitable period usually 5 to 10 minutes
• these temperature and pressure are chosen so that there is creep of the elastomer, that is to say, migration thereof in the different tissues and, thus, solidarity with each other of the different layers to obtain the laminate according to the invention.
• this temperature is of the order of 60-140 ° C. and this pressure is of the order of 2.10 5 at 4.10 5 Pa.
• this temperature is of the order of 60-140 ° C.
• this pressure is of the order of 2.10 5 at 4.10 5 Pa.
• an electrothermal deicer comprising the above laminate sandwiched between a first protective coating and a second protective coating both of elastomer; a deicer as defined above further comprising a metal sheet covering the outer surface of the membrane; one of said protective coatings, this sheet being secured by an adhesive to said outer face, and
• an aerodyne such as a propeller blade, provided with the above electrothermal de-icer, the latter being secured to said portion by the outer face of the protective coating not covered with said metal sheet.
• the aforementioned protective coatings are in particular made of an elastomer, for example a nitrile, neoprene or polyurethane elastomer.
• These coatings are to protect the de-icer against various environmental aggressions (impacts, erosion, abrasion, UV, fluids such as oils and fuels, low and high temperatures) and for this purpose they can contain loads to better withstand these attacks.
• These fillers may for example be constituted by a fabric (Kevlar or polyester) or a grid (metal or polyester).
• this metal sheet protects the deicer against the impacts and abrasion to which it can be subjected during its use.
• the metal sheet may be made of any metal having the desired properties, for example stainless steel or Brightray alloy.
• the metal foil can itself be protected against corrosion, for example by a coating of paint or a chemical treatment.
• the metal sheet is advantageously secured to the protective coating using an adhesive, such as a neoprene adhesive after depositing one or more layers of primer on the metal sheet at its face to be applied to said protective coating.
• an adhesive such as a neoprene adhesive
• the de-icer according to the invention can be easily applied to a support to be protected against icing, for example a propeller blade.
• This de-icer is produced by depositing, in the following order, on a support a lower elastomeric protective sheet, an adhesive layer, the laminate, an adhesive layer and an elastomer upper protective sheet.
• a plate is placed on the upper sheet, applied at a pressure of 2.10 5 to 4.10 5 Pa and brought to a temperature of 120 to 180 0 C for 50 to 70 minutes.
• the de-icer is then detached from its support, a contact glue is applied to the area to be protected against frost, for example an area of a propeller blade, intended to receive the de-icer, and on the outer face of the sheet. lower elastomer and brings the latter into contact with said face.
• a metal sheet is provided on the outer face of the deicer
• the realization of the de-icer is then continued as indicated above.
• Figure 1 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of the laminate
• Figure 2 is a diagrammatic view in longitudinal section of the deicer comprising the laminate of Figure 1, the deicer being associated with a propeller blade, it being specified that the different layers of the laminate and the deicer are shown separated from each other for better understanding.
• the laminate comprises in this order: a lower layer of elastomer 1,
• an intermediate layer 2 consisting of a layer of conductive fabric (for example THERMION R ) impregnated with an elastomer binder, and
• an upper layer 3 consisting of a fabric coated with an elastomer.
• two ramps 4 of electrically conductive material are fixed at two points on the upper face of the intermediate layer 2, one end of these ramps emerging from the laminate for their connection to the poles. a source of electricity not shown.
• the above laminate is coated on one side with a protective layer 5 and on the other with a protective layer 6, both of elastomer, - the resulting assembly constitutes the defroster according to the invention.
• the de-icer is completed by a metal foil 8 applied to the protective layer 6.
• This deicer is then glued on the area of a propeller blade 7, requiring the action of a deicer; when the metal foil 8 is present, the deicer is applied to the propeller blade 7, by its protective layer 5.
• This metal sheet 8 provides various advantages among which we note the following: it protects the part concerned, for example the leading edges of a propeller blade, without the need to modify the blade itself ,

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)
• Prostheses (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (1)

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ID=37307101

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (4)

Cited By (3)

Families Citing this family (5)

Family Cites Families (11)

• 2005
  • 2005-12-12 FR FR0512552A patent/FR2888081B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2006
  • 2006-06-27 WO PCT/FR2006/001494 patent/WO2007003755A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2006-06-27 US US11/922,992 patent/US20090041996A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2006-06-27 EP EP06778688A patent/EP1900254A1/de not_active Withdrawn

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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