EP1895254A1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Anfahren der Verflüssigung eines kohlenwasserstoffreichen Stromes - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Anfahren der Verflüssigung eines kohlenwasserstoffreichen Stromes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1895254A1
EP1895254A1 EP06119677A EP06119677A EP1895254A1 EP 1895254 A1 EP1895254 A1 EP 1895254A1 EP 06119677 A EP06119677 A EP 06119677A EP 06119677 A EP06119677 A EP 06119677A EP 1895254 A1 EP1895254 A1 EP 1895254A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
plant
liquefied
stream
liquefaction
hydrocarbon stream
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP06119677A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Bruce Michael Mariott
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Original Assignee
Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV filed Critical Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Priority to EP06119677A priority Critical patent/EP1895254A1/de
Publication of EP1895254A1 publication Critical patent/EP1895254A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0229—Integration with a unit for using hydrocarbons, e.g. consuming hydrocarbons as feed stock
    • F25J1/023—Integration with a unit for using hydrocarbons, e.g. consuming hydrocarbons as feed stock for the combustion as fuels, i.e. integration with the fuel gas system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
    • F25J1/0245—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control
    • F25J1/0247—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control start-up of the process
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0281—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc. characterised by the type of prime driver, e.g. hot gas expander
    • F25J1/0283—Gas turbine as the prime mechanical driver
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/62—Liquefied natural gas [LNG]; Natural gas liquids [NGL]; Liquefied petroleum gas [LPG]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for starting up a plant for the liquefaction of a hydrocarbon stream such as natural gas.
  • the present invention is especially directed to starting up a new plant.
  • natural gas can be stored and transported over long distances more readily as a liquid than in gaseous form, because it occupies a smaller volume and does not need to be stored at high pressures.
  • the starting-up of a plant for the liquefaction of a hydrocarbon stream, such as an LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) plant may take a considerable amount of time as the various elements need to be purged and cooled down to the desired operating temperatures.
  • LNG Liquefied Natural Gas
  • a problem of the above known method for starting up the plant is that it takes a considerable amount of time; as can be learned form the above presentation, the starting up of an LNG plant may easily take more than 6 months. The above problem is even more pertinent if no on-spec fuel gas is available.
  • a further problem of the above method is that in the process of starting up of the plant fuel gas that is available during the starting up is used for firing a gas turbine for driving one or more compressors in the refrigerant cycles.
  • a disadvantage is that this fuel gas being available during the starting up may not be on-spec for the gas turbine.
  • the gas turbine is only started up after some fuel gas becomes available to the plant, resulting in a significant loss of time.
  • One or more of the above or other objects are achieved according to the present invention by providing a method for starting up a plant, preferably a new plant, for the liquefaction of a hydrocarbon feed stream such as natural gas, wherein a liquefied hydrocarbon stream that has been liquefied in a different liquefaction plant is used.
  • a further advantage of the present invention is that the liquefied hydrocarbon stream that has been liquefied in a different liquefaction plant may have a more desired composition than the fuel gas that is available during the starting up of the plant.
  • An even further advantage of the present invention is that equipment and piping systems being situated at the more downstream side of the plant may be started up at an earlier moment, i.e. well before the finalization of the start-up of the upstream elements of the liquefaction plant and even before any hydrocarbon feed stream to be liquefied is present.
  • starting up includes the restarting up of an already existing plant as well as the starting up of a new plant.
  • starting up is not limited to activities performed for cooling down the plant, but also includes the commissioning of a plant, i.e. the activities performed after equipment of the plant has been installed but before the plant is cooled down or before a hydrocarbon feed stream is introduced for actual production of a liquefied hydrocarbon product and fuel gases. This commissioning may e.g. include testing, purging and drying out the various equipment and piping systems. In this respect also reference is made to the activities as mentioned under "Milestones" in the above-mentioned GasTech 2000 article.
  • the hydrocarbon feed stream to be liquefied may be any suitable hydrocarbon-containing stream to be liquefied, but is usually a natural gas stream obtained from natural gas or petroleum reservoirs.
  • the natural gas stream may also be obtained from another source, also including a synthetic source such as a Fischer-Tropsch process.
  • the natural gas stream is comprised substantially of methane.
  • the natural gas may contain varying amounts of hydrocarbons heavier than methane such as ethane, propane, butanes and pentanes as well as some aromatic hydrocarbons.
  • the natural gas stream may also contain non-hydrocarbons such as H 2 O, N 2 , CO 2 , H 2 S and other sulphur compounds, and the like.
  • the feed stream containing the natural gas may be pre-treated before liquefaction.
  • This pretreatment may comprise removal of undesired components such as CO 2 and H 2 S, or other steps such as pre-cooling, pre-pressurizing or the like. As these steps are well known to the person skilled in the art, they are not further discussed here.
  • the liquefaction plant to be started up may be one of various line-ups, without being limited to a specific line-up. As the person skilled readily understands how to liquefy a hydrocarbon stream, this is not further discussed here in full detail.
  • the plant may e.g.
  • NGL natural gas liquids
  • the liquefied natural gas may be further processed, if desired.
  • a liquefied hydrocarbon stream that has been liquefied in a different liquefaction plant is meant that an already existing liquefied hydrocarbon stream is used that has not been liquefied in the plant being started up but that has previously been liquefied in a different liquefaction plant.
  • the liquefied hydrocarbon stream that has been liquefied in a different liquefaction plant may have been produced in a nearby liquefaction train that has already been started up.
  • usually the liquefied hydrocarbon stream that has been liquefied in a different liquefaction plant will have been produced in a remote location and shipped or otherwise transported to the location where the plant to be started up is located.
  • the liquefied hydrocarbon stream that has been liquefied in a different liquefaction plant is preferably obtained from an offloading LNG carrier vessel.
  • the liquefied hydrocarbon stream that has been liquefied in a different liquefaction plant may be stored temporarily in a storage tank before it is used in the plant to be started up, e.g. in a storage tank at an LNG import terminal. If desired, the liquefied hydrocarbon stream that has been liquefied in a different liquefaction plant may be even be stored temporarily in the storage tank forming part of the plant to be started up (i.e. the storage tank wherein the liquefied hydrocarbon stream produced in the plant to be started up will be stored).
  • the liquefied hydrocarbon stream that has been liquefied in a different liquefaction plant may be used in various ways during the starting up of the liquefaction plant.
  • At least a part of the liquefied hydrocarbon stream that has been liquefied in a different liquefaction plant is vaporized and subsequently used as a fuel gas in the plant.
  • the fuel gas may be used e.g. to commission fuel gas systems, for power generation of any gas turbines in the plant, to commission electrical distribution systems, to fire heaters, etc.
  • the fuel gas is used for firing a gas turbine of the plant, in particular for driving a compressor, preferably a compressor forming part of a refrigerant cycle used for cooling at least a part of the hydrocarbon feed stream to be liquefied in the plant being started up.
  • At least a part of the liquefied hydrocarbon stream that has been liquefied in a different liquefaction plant is used for providing electric power to the plant.
  • At least a part of the liquefied hydrocarbon stream that has been liquefied in a different liquefaction plant may be vaporized and subsequently used as a commissioning gas in the plant, e.g. in a hydrocarbon purge process train, to dry out a mercury removal bed, to regenerate molecular sieves, to test refrigerant compressors, etc.
  • At least a part of the liquefied hydrocarbon stream that has been liquefied in a different liquefaction plant is introduced into the plant, in particular for cooling down the plant.
  • the liquefied hydrocarbon stream that has been liquefied in a different liquefaction plant may be introduced in e.g. the piping system and equipment of the plant.
  • the liquefied hydrocarbon that has been liquefied in a different liquefaction plant may be used to cool down the loading system, tanks and associated equipment and an end-flash system.
  • at least a part of the liquefied hydrocarbon stream that has been liquefied in a different liquefaction plant may be heat exchanged against a stream used in the plant to be started up.
  • the present invention provides a system for starting up a plant for the liquefaction of a hydrocarbon feed stream such as natural gas, the system at least comprising:
  • the system further comprises one or more of: a vaporizer connected to an outlet of the source for vaporizing at least a part of the liquefied hydrocarbon stream from said source; a gas turbine connected to an outlet of the vaporizer; etc.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows a process scheme and system (generally indicated with reference no. 100) used during the starting up of a liquefaction plant 1 for the liquefaction of a hydrocarbon feed stream 10 such as natural gas.
  • the feed stream 10 may have been previously treated e.g. to remove propane and heavier hydrocarbons and/or other undesired components (such as H 2 O, N 2 , CO 2 and H 2 S) to a certain extent before the actual liquefaction takes place.
  • the system 100 comprises a liquefaction plant 1 for the liquefaction of a natural gas feed stream 10, a storage tank 5 for storing the liquefied natural gas (LNG) as produced during normal operation (i.e. after the plant 1 has been started up) and a separate source 4 (in casu a storage tank, e.g. at an LNG import terminal) of already existing LNG that has been previously produced in a separate plant (not shown).
  • LNG liquefied natural gas
  • the previously produced LNG may even be temporarily stored in the storage tank 5 forming part of the plant 1 to be started up as a result of which the tanks 4 and 5 may be one and the same.
  • the liquefaction plant 1 comprises a first heat exchanger 2 in which the feed stream 10 is heat exchanged against an evaporating refrigerant being cycled in a first refrigerant cycle 6.
  • the first refrigerant cycle comprises a compressor 8 for recompressing refrigerant stream 40 being evaporated in the first heat exchanger 2 and a cooler 9 such as an air or water cooler for cooling the compressed stream 50. After cooling in the cooler 9 the refrigerant is recycled as stream 60 to the first heat exchanger 2 in which it is again evaporated to remove heat from the feed stream 10.
  • the first heat exchanger 2 has an inlet 21 for the feed stream 10 and an outlet 22 for cooled stream 20.
  • the cooled stream 20 is passed to the inlet 31 of a second heat exchanger 3 in which during normal operation the actual liquefaction will take place.
  • the cooled stream 20 is heat exchanged in second heat exchanger 3 against an evaporating refrigerant being cycled in a second refrigerant cycle 7.
  • the second refrigerant cycle 7 comprises a compressor 11 for recompressing refrigerant stream 70 being evaporated in the second heat exchanger 3 and a cooler 12 such as an air or water cooler for cooling the compressed stream 80. After cooling in the cooler 12 the refrigerant is recycled as stream 90 to the second heat exchanger 3 in which it is again evaporated to remove heat from the cooled stream 20.
  • a liquefied stream 30 is removed at the outlet 32 of the second heat exchanger 3 and passed to a storage tank 5. If desired, more than the two refrigerant cycles 6, 7 may be present.
  • the compressor 8 of the first refrigerant cycle 6 is driven by a gas turbine 13 that is fired using LNG taken (as stream 110) from the separate source 4 (at outlet 41) after it has been vaporized in vaporizer 15.
  • the vaporized stream is passed on as stream 120 to the gas turbine 13.
  • Reference number 130 indicates that the gas turbine can be mechanically connected to the compressor 8.
  • stream 110 may - alternatively or in addition - be used for firing a gas turbine (not shown), e.g. for driving the compressor 11 in the second refrigerant cycle 7.
  • liquefied stream 110 will be taken from the separate source 4 to assist in the starting up of the plant 1.
  • At least a part of the liquefied hydrocarbon stream 110 may be vaporized in vaporizer 15 and subsequently used as a fuel gas in the plant 1.
  • the fuel gas may be used e.g. to commission fuel gas systems, for power generation of any gas turbines in the plant, to commission electrical distribution systems, to fire heaters, etc.
  • the fuel gas is passed on as stream 120 and used for firing the gas turbine 13 for driving the compressor 8 forming part of the refrigerant cycle 6 used for cooling at least a part of the hydrocarbon feed stream 10.
  • At least a part of the liquefied hydrocarbon stream 110 may also be used for providing electric power to the plant 1.
  • the liquefied hydrocarbon stream 110 may be vaporized in the vaporizer 15 and subsequently used as a commissioning gas in the plant 1, e.g. in a hydrocarbon purge process train, to dry out a mercury removal bed, to regenerate molecular sieves, to test refrigerant compressors, etc.
  • the liquefied hydrocarbon stream 110 may be introduced into the plant 1, in particular for cooling down the plant 1.
  • the liquefied hydrocarbon stream 110 may be introduced in e.g. the piping system and equipment of the plant.
  • the liquefied hydrocarbon stream 110 may be used to cool down the loading system, piping systems (such as lines 10, 20 and 30), tanks (such as tank 5) and associated equipment and an end-flash system.
  • each heat exchanger may comprise a train of heat exchangers.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
EP06119677A 2006-08-29 2006-08-29 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Anfahren der Verflüssigung eines kohlenwasserstoffreichen Stromes Withdrawn EP1895254A1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP06119677A EP1895254A1 (de) 2006-08-29 2006-08-29 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Anfahren der Verflüssigung eines kohlenwasserstoffreichen Stromes

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP06119677A EP1895254A1 (de) 2006-08-29 2006-08-29 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Anfahren der Verflüssigung eines kohlenwasserstoffreichen Stromes

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EP1895254A1 true EP1895254A1 (de) 2008-03-05

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012050068A1 (ja) * 2010-10-13 2012-04-19 三菱重工業株式会社 液化方法、液化装置およびこれを備える浮体式液化ガス製造設備
AU2011219782B2 (en) * 2010-02-26 2015-06-04 Statoil Petroleum As Method for start-up of a liquefied natural gas (LNG) plant
WO2021171595A1 (ja) * 2020-02-28 2021-09-02 日揮グローバル株式会社 Ｌｎｇ製造設備の起動方法およびｌｎｇ製造設備
US11874055B2 (en) * 2014-03-04 2024-01-16 Conocophillips Company Refrigerant supply to a cooling facility

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1253388A1 (de) * 2001-04-23 2002-10-30 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Verflüssigung von Erdgas
US20050005615A1 (en) * 2001-09-13 2005-01-13 Runbalk David Bertil Floating system for liquefying natural gas
DE102004028052A1 (de) * 2004-06-09 2005-12-29 Linde Ag Verfahren zum Inbetriebnehmen eines Verflüssigungsprozesses

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1253388A1 (de) * 2001-04-23 2002-10-30 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Verflüssigung von Erdgas
US20050005615A1 (en) * 2001-09-13 2005-01-13 Runbalk David Bertil Floating system for liquefying natural gas
DE102004028052A1 (de) * 2004-06-09 2005-12-29 Linde Ag Verfahren zum Inbetriebnehmen eines Verflüssigungsprozesses

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
RICHARDSON F W ET AL: "PASSING THE BATON CLEANLY", GASTECH, XX, XX, 2000, pages 1 - 12, XP009073105 *

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU2011219782B2 (en) * 2010-02-26 2015-06-04 Statoil Petroleum As Method for start-up of a liquefied natural gas (LNG) plant
AU2011219783B2 (en) * 2010-02-26 2015-06-04 Statoil Petroleum As Method for turndown of a liquefied natural gas (LNG) plant
US10527346B2 (en) 2010-02-26 2020-01-07 Statoil Petroleum As Method for start-up of a liquefied natural gas (LNG) plant
US10907896B2 (en) 2010-02-26 2021-02-02 Equinor Energy As Method for turndown of a liquefied natural gas (LNG) plant
WO2012050068A1 (ja) * 2010-10-13 2012-04-19 三菱重工業株式会社 液化方法、液化装置およびこれを備える浮体式液化ガス製造設備
JP2012083051A (ja) * 2010-10-13 2012-04-26 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 液化方法、液化装置およびこれを備える浮体式液化ガス製造設備
CN102959351A (zh) * 2010-10-13 2013-03-06 三菱重工业株式会社 液化方法、液化装置及具备该液化装置的浮式液化气制造设备
CN102959351B (zh) * 2010-10-13 2015-04-22 三菱重工业株式会社 液化方法、液化装置及具备该液化装置的浮式液化气制造设备
KR101536394B1 (ko) * 2010-10-13 2015-07-13 미츠비시 쥬고교 가부시키가이샤 액화 방법, 액화 장치 및 이것을 구비하는 부체식 액화 가스 제조 설비
US11874055B2 (en) * 2014-03-04 2024-01-16 Conocophillips Company Refrigerant supply to a cooling facility
WO2021171595A1 (ja) * 2020-02-28 2021-09-02 日揮グローバル株式会社 Ｌｎｇ製造設備の起動方法およびｌｎｇ製造設備

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