EP1894877B1 - Door drive for an automatic door - Google Patents
Door drive for an automatic door Download PDFInfo
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- EP1894877B1 EP1894877B1 EP07114135A EP07114135A EP1894877B1 EP 1894877 B1 EP1894877 B1 EP 1894877B1 EP 07114135 A EP07114135 A EP 07114135A EP 07114135 A EP07114135 A EP 07114135A EP 1894877 B1 EP1894877 B1 EP 1894877B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- door
- drive
- electric motor
- motor
- angle sensor
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B13/00—Doors, gates, or other apparatus controlling access to, or exit from, cages or lift well landings
- B66B13/02—Door or gate operation
- B66B13/06—Door or gate operation of sliding doors
- B66B13/08—Door or gate operation of sliding doors guided for horizontal movement
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B13/00—Doors, gates, or other apparatus controlling access to, or exit from, cages or lift well landings
- B66B13/02—Door or gate operation
- B66B13/14—Control systems or devices
- B66B13/143—Control systems or devices electrical
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO HINGES OR OTHER SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS AND DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION, CHECKS FOR WINGS AND WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
- E05Y2400/00—Electronic control; Power supply; Power or signal transmission; User interfaces
- E05Y2400/10—Electronic control
- E05Y2400/30—Electronic control of motors
- E05Y2400/32—Position control, detection or monitoring
- E05Y2400/322—Position control, detection or monitoring by using absolute position sensors
- E05Y2400/326—Position control, detection or monitoring by using absolute position sensors of the angular type
Definitions
- the invention relates to a door drive for an automatic door, in particular for an automatic sliding and / or elevator door, which has at least one door leaf, with an electric motor for generating a driving force, a drive device for controlling and / or regulating the electric motor, a / r in Opening and closing direction of the door guided belt or chain for transmitting the driving force to the door leaf, and with a door position control device.
- DE 103 39 621 A1 discloses a brushless electric motor, DE 10 2004 034 636 A1 a direct drive with rotary encoder.
- JP 2006 197750 A discloses a door drive according to the preamble of claim 1.
- the invention is based on the object, a door drive of the type mentioned in a simple manner and yet inexpensive and compact form.
- the angle signal of the angle sensor is thus used both for the purpose of motor commutation and for door position control, resulting in a special savings in space, effort and costs.
- the angle signal can be used in addition to the position detection of the door for detecting the speed of the door.
- the angle sensor is working according to a magnetic principle, designed as an absolute encoder and prepared for unambiguous scanning of a complete revolution (360 °) of the electric motor.
- Electronically commutated and / or brushless electric motors are known as such.
- the mechanical commutation system ie the commutator brushes
- a motorized control unit also called a BL controller (brushless controller).
- BL controller brushless controller
- several high-current silicon chips and a programmable microprocessor take over the task of the brush apparatus, that is, the wear-resistant and failure-prone interaction of copper fins and carbon brushes.
- sensorless controllers eg in DE 103 46 711 A1 described, and controllers which have to determine the current rotational position of the motor an angle or rotary encoder, for example in the form of an optical encoder, a photoelectric sensor, a Hall sensor encoder, in particular a digital Hall sensor with eg 6 states resolved per revolution , a quadrature encoder or a resolver, a special resolver that operates on an electro-inductive basis and provides analog information about the angular position of the motor, coded as sine and cosine ,
- Simple Hall sender and Quadraturencoder have the disadvantage that the rotor position is not at any time, namely not immediately after switching on the power supply network, immediately available. Therefore, a separate synchronization of the rotor angle based on a reference point or complex calculations is necessary.
- an absolute value encoder is understood to mean an angle measuring device which outputs position information in the form of a numerical value, possibly coded, which is unique over the entire resolution range of the absolute value encoder, so that no initial reference or calibration travel, such as, for example, is required. with an incremental encoder, is required.
- the absolute value encoder of the door drive is designed in particular as a single-turn encoder.
- the magnetic absolute encoder or rotary encoder operates in particular after the magnetoresistive or after the GMR effect.
- the Giant Magneto Resistance (GMR) effect is a quantum mechanical effect observed in thin film structures of alternating ferromagnetic and non-magnetic layers.
- the evaluation is preferably carried out in a Wheatstone bridge. This can provide a sine / cosine signal in the two sub-bridges, allowing each position to be identified at full angle (360 °).
- the magnetic absolute value encoder or rotary encoder is alternatively formed by interconnecting a plurality of Hall sensors, preferably 3, 4 or 6 Hall sensors.
- An intelligent evaluation electronics e.g. based on DSP, allows a unique detection of the entire full circle.
- the angle transmitter preferably has a resolution of at least 10 bit / 360 °, in particular of at least 11 bit / 360 ° or of at least 12 bit / 360 °.
- This is of particular advantage in connection with a high-torque, high-torque motor.
- a gearless drive is a high temporal resolution even at low speeds possible. This means that even very slow door speeds can be adjusted down to standstill.
- the high resolution leads in a gearless drive and in particular in a sinusoidal control of the motor to a nearly harmonics-free torque development, which is characterized by very good concentricity properties with low noise levels.
- the angle encoder in the axial direction an extension of max. 40 mm, preferably of max. 20 mm.
- the angle encoder is mounted coaxially with the motor shaft.
- the electric motor is preferably designed as a, in particular permanently excited, synchronous motor.
- the length of the electric motor - measured without any bearings, drive pinion and electronic components - less than 60 mm, in particular less than 36 mm.
- the length of the electric motor - measured at a distance of at least 35 mm from the shaft and without any bearings, drive pinion and electronic components - less than 60 mm, in particular less than 36 mm.
- the diameter and / or the edge length of the electric motor preferably lies in the range between 50 mm and 200 mm, preferably in the range between 80 mm and 160 mm.
- the electric motor has a drive torque of at least 0.008 Nm / kg or at least 0.01 Nm / kg door mass, in particular a drive torque in the range of 3.0 Nm to 4.5 Nm, preferably from the Range from 3.5 to 4.0 Nm.
- a drive pinion or pulley for driving the belt or the chain is mounted on the shaft of the electric motor.
- a transmission would significantly increase the axial extent of the overall system of electric motor and transmission compared to a gearless drive.
- the space would also increase because the driving force would first have to be transmitted from the motor shaft via the countershaft to a non-axially located double pinion, which in turn drive only the chain or the belt.
- Gearlessness also means lower losses and noise.
- the drive pinion or pulley is in particular attached to a freestanding end of the shaft. This results the advantage of universal integration into the door system.
- the electric motor - preferably completely - within a door fighter or a lintel at the upper end of the door, in particular above a car of the elevator, is arranged.
- no space is required above the elevator car of the elevator installation for installation or assembly of the door drive. This results in special advantages compared to a solution with a countershaft, in which the electric motor must be mounted usually above the door fighter.
- any fixed built into the door frame crossbar in particular a horizontal profile between the lower door system and an upper part, in the case of an elevator of the upper part of the car.
- the door striker is usually arranged above the door leaves of the door.
- the motor is mounted such that its shaft is perpendicular to the opening and closing direction of the door and / or aligned horizontally. This is a particularly compact and with respect to the driving force deflection-free and thus low-loss arrangement possible.
- the motor together with the drive pinion or pulley in the shaft direction has an extension of less than 100 mm, preferably less than 80 mm, up.
- the engine including drive sprocket or pulley in a lintel or door striker with particularly small dimensions of height and / or width less than 110 mm can be accommodated.
- the door drive further preferably has a control unit with an installed control program for moving the door into its open and / or closed position.
- the control unit is in particular so prepared that the electric motor - at least in normal operation - with a speed of less than 600 U / min, preferably with a speed of less than 500 U / min, operated.
- angle sensor is mounted on the side facing away from the drive pinion or pulley side of the electric motor.
- a total length of electric motor, drive pinion or pulley and angle encoder in the shaft direction of less than 110 mm, preferably less than 98 mm, appropriate.
- FIG. 1 shows an automatic door 1 of an elevator with two equal-sized, counter-rotating door leaves 2, 3.
- the door 1 is enclosed by a door frame 4, which is closed and supported in the upper part of a door striker or lintel 5.
- a door frame 4 which is closed and supported in the upper part of a door striker or lintel 5.
- the opening and closing direction of the door leaves 2, 3 is denoted by 7.
- the door mass is up to 400 kg.
- FIG. 2 shows the area of the door fighter 5 in a front view, as opposed to FIG. 1 removed fender aperture would represent.
- an electronically commutated and brushless, permanently excited synchronous motor 10 is arranged such that its motor shaft 11 perpendicular to the opening and closing direction 7 and horizontally, in the FIG. 2 perpendicular to the drawing plane, runs.
- the motor 10 may be driven in 2-phase or 3-phase.
- the entire arrangement of electrical commutation and motor 10 may also be referred to as a brushless DC motor.
- a drive pinion, drive wheel or pulley 12 or the like is attached at the free end of the shaft 11.
- the pulley 12 carries a tough elastic toothed belt 16 which transmits the driving force of the motor 10 to the door leaves 2, 3.
- FIG. 3 shows the arrangement of FIG. 2 in a view from above. It can be seen that the motor 10 is gearless on the partially rubber-made timing belt 16 acts. The pulley 12 is seated directly on the shaft 11 of the motor 10. The diameter D of the motor 10 is 160 mm.
- a digital magnetic absolute encoder 20 Coaxial with the motor shaft 11, ie on the illustrated axis of rotation A of the motor 10, a digital magnetic absolute encoder 20 is mounted. This one will be in FIG. 4 explained in more detail.
- the depth extent L of the entire assembly consisting of motor 10, drive wheel 12 and angle encoder 20 is less than or equal to 110 mm. Due to this flat design, the entire arrangement in the door 5 or lintel (lintel) with very compact dimensions can be accommodated.
- the angle sensor 20 is located on the side facing away from the drive wheel 12 side of the motor 10 and is mounted centrally with respect to the axis A of the motor 10.
- the angle of rotation ⁇ is indicated in the figure.
- the controller 24 supplies the motor 10 via a line 28 controlled and / regulated with from a power source 26, for example, the public power grid, derived energy.
- the angle encoder 20 reports via a line 22 an - analog or coded - angle number value to the controller 24.
- the drive device 33 together with door position control device 34, a door drive 36 according to the invention.
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Türantrieb für eine automatische Tür, insbesondere für eine automatische Schiebe- und/ oder Aufzugstür, welche mindestens ein Türblatt aufweist, mit einem Elektromotor zum Erzeugen einer Antriebskraft, einer Ansteuervorrichtung zur Steuerung und/ oder Regelung des Elektromotors, einem/r in Öffnungs- und Schließrichtung der Tür geführten Riemen oder Kette zur Übertragung der Antriebskraft auf das Türblatt, und mit einer Türpositionssteuereinrichtung.The invention relates to a door drive for an automatic door, in particular for an automatic sliding and / or elevator door, which has at least one door leaf, with an electric motor for generating a driving force, a drive device for controlling and / or regulating the electric motor, a / r in Opening and closing direction of the door guided belt or chain for transmitting the driving force to the door leaf, and with a door position control device.
Eingangs genannte oder ähnliche Türantriebe sind bekannt aus
Im Bereich automatischer Türen, insbesondere bei Aufzugstüren, besteht ein Bedürfnis, den Türantrieb möglichst kompakt zu bauen, weil der Türantrieb für den Nutzer des Aufzugs verblendet angebracht sein muss und somit der Bauraum für den Türantrieb auch die Kompaktheit und die Kosten eines gesamten Aufzugsystems beeinflusst.In the field of automatic doors, especially in elevator doors, there is a need to build the door drive as compact as possible, because the door drive for the user of the elevator must be installed blinded and thus affects the space for the door drive and the compactness and cost of an entire elevator system.
Bei dem aus
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zu Grunde, einen Türantrieb der eingangs genannten Art in einfacher Weise und dennoch kostengünstig und kompakt auszubilden.The invention is based on the object, a door drive of the type mentioned in a simple manner and yet inexpensive and compact form.
Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch die Merkmale des kennzeichenden Teil des Anspruchs 1.This object is achieved by the features of the characterizing part of
Das Winkelsignal des Winkelgebers wird also sowohl zum Zweck der Motorkommutierung als auch zur Türpositionssteuerung verwendet, was in einer besonderen Ersparnis an Bauraum, Aufwand und Kosten resultiert. Das Winkelsignal kann neben der Positionserfassung der Tür auch zur Erfassung der Geschwindigkeit der Tür verwendet sein.The angle signal of the angle sensor is thus used both for the purpose of motor commutation and for door position control, resulting in a special savings in space, effort and costs. The angle signal can be used in addition to the position detection of the door for detecting the speed of the door.
Bevorzugt ist der Winkelgeber nach einem magnetischen Prinzip arbeitend, als Absolutwertgeber ausgebildet und zur eindeutigen Abtastung einer vollständigen Umdrehung (360°) des Elektromotors hergerichtet.Preferably, the angle sensor is working according to a magnetic principle, designed as an absolute encoder and prepared for unambiguous scanning of a complete revolution (360 °) of the electric motor.
Durch die Verwendung einer Kombination aus einem bürstenlosen Motor mit einem magnetischen Absolutwertgeber ergibt sich eine für Türsteuerungen sehr kompakte Bauweise und ruhige Betriebsweise bei dennoch geringen Kosten.By using a combination of a brushless motor with a magnetic absolute encoder results in a door control very compact design and quiet operation at low cost.
Elektronisch kommutierte und/oder bürstenlose elektrische Motoren sind als solche bekannt. Bei einem elektronisch kommutierten Motor ist das mechanische Kommutierungssystem, d.h. die Kommutatorbürsten, durch eine am Motor angebrachte Steuereinheit ersetzt, die auch als BL-Controller (brushless controller) bezeichnet wird. In ihm übernehmen beispielsweise mehrere Hochstromsiliziumchips und ein programmierbarer Mikroprozessor die Aufgabe des Bürstenapparates, also des verschleiß- und störanfälligen Zusammenwirkens von Kupferlamellen und Schleifkohlen.Electronically commutated and / or brushless electric motors are known as such. In an electronically commutated motor, the mechanical commutation system, ie the commutator brushes, is replaced by a motorized control unit, also called a BL controller (brushless controller). For example, several high-current silicon chips and a programmable microprocessor take over the task of the brush apparatus, that is, the wear-resistant and failure-prone interaction of copper fins and carbon brushes.
Durch den Wegfall des Bürstensystems ergibt sich der Vorteil einer geringeren Geräuschentwicklung, der Vorteil von geringerem Verschleiß und Kosten durch eine geringere Anzahl beweglicher, mechanischer Teile sowie der Vorteil von ausbleibender Verschmutzung durch Bürstenabrieb.The elimination of the brush system results in the advantage of less noise, the advantage of lower wear and cost through a smaller number of moving, mechanical parts and the advantage of absence of contamination by brush abrasion.
Man unterscheidet sensorlose Controller, z.B. in
Insbesondere für getriebelose Anwendungen ist eine sehr hohe Auflösung erforderlich um den Motor mit Sinuskommutierung geräuscharm und günstig zu fahren. Das ist bislang nur mit einem Resolver möglich. Resolver sind sehr teuer und beanspruchen viel Bauraum.In particular for gearless applications, a very high resolution is required in order to drive the motor with sinusoidal commutation quietly and cheaply. This is so far only possible with a resolver. Resolvers are very expensive and require a lot of space.
Einfache Hallgeber und Quadraturencoder haben den Nachteil, dass die Rotorposition nicht zu jedem Zeitpunkt, nämlich nicht unmittelbar nach Zuschalten des Stromversorgungsnetzes, unverzüglich zur Verfügung steht. Daher ist ein gesondertes Einsynchronisieren des Rotorwinkels anhand eines Referenzpunktes oder anhand komplexer Berechnungen notwendig.Simple Hall sender and Quadraturencoder have the disadvantage that the rotor position is not at any time, namely not immediately after switching on the power supply network, immediately available. Therefore, a separate synchronization of the rotor angle based on a reference point or complex calculations is necessary.
Zur Kommutierung eines bürstenlosen Elektromotors ist aus
Als Absolutwertgeber wird im Zusammenhang mit der Erfindung ein Winkelmessgerät verstanden, das eine Lageinformation in Form eines - ggf. codierten - Zahlenwertes ausgibt, der über den gesamten Auflösebereich des Absolutwertgebers eindeutig ist, so dass keine anfängliche Referenz- oder Eichfahrt, wie z.B. bei einem Inkrementalgeber, benötigt wird.In the context of the invention, an absolute value encoder is understood to mean an angle measuring device which outputs position information in the form of a numerical value, possibly coded, which is unique over the entire resolution range of the absolute value encoder, so that no initial reference or calibration travel, such as, for example, is required. with an incremental encoder, is required.
Der Absolutwertgeber des Türantriebs ist insbesondere als ein Single-Turn-Geber ausgebildet.The absolute value encoder of the door drive is designed in particular as a single-turn encoder.
Der magnetische Absolutwertgeber oder Drehwinkelgeber arbeitet insbesondere nach dem magnetoresistiven oder nach dem GMR-Effekt. Der GMR-Effekt (engl. Giant Magneto Resistance, dt. "Riesen-Magnetwiderstand") ist ein quantenmechanischer Effekt, der in dünnen Filmstrukturen aus abwechselnd ferromagnetischen und nichtmagnetischen Schichten beobachtet wird.The magnetic absolute encoder or rotary encoder operates in particular after the magnetoresistive or after the GMR effect. The Giant Magneto Resistance (GMR) effect is a quantum mechanical effect observed in thin film structures of alternating ferromagnetic and non-magnetic layers.
Die Auswertung erfolgt vorzugsweise in einer Wheatstone-Messbrücke. Diese kann in den beiden Teilbrücken ein Sinus/Cosinus-Signal liefern, wodurch sich jede Position im Vollwinkel (360°) identifizieren lässt.The evaluation is preferably carried out in a Wheatstone bridge. This can provide a sine / cosine signal in the two sub-bridges, allowing each position to be identified at full angle (360 °).
Der magnetische Absolutwertgeber oder Drehwinkelgeber ist alternativ durch Zusammenschalten mehrerer Hall-Geber, vorzugsweise 3, 4 oder 6 Hall-Geber, gebildet. Eine intelligente Auswerteelektronik, z.B. basierend auf DSP, ermöglicht eine eindeutige Erfassung des gesamten Vollkreises.The magnetic absolute value encoder or rotary encoder is alternatively formed by interconnecting a plurality of Hall sensors, preferably 3, 4 or 6 Hall sensors. An intelligent evaluation electronics, e.g. based on DSP, allows a unique detection of the entire full circle.
Weiterhin bevorzugt weist der Winkelgeber eine Auflösung von mindestens 10 bit/360°, insbesondere von mindestens 11 bit/360° oder von mindestens 12 bit/360°, auf. Dies ist von besonderem Vorteil im Zusammenhang mit einem langsam drehenden Motor hohen Drehmoments. Bei einem getriebelosen Antrieb ist eine hohe zeitliche Auflösung auch bei geringen Drehzahlen möglich. Somit können auch sehr langsame Türgeschwindigkeiten bis hin zum Stillstand ausgeregelt werden. Weiterhin führt die hohe Auflösung bei einem getriebelosen Antrieb und insbesondere bei einer sinusförmigen Ansteuerung des Motors zu einer nahezu oberwellenfreien Drehmomententfaltung, welche sich durch sehr gute Rundlaufeigenschaften mit geringen Geräuschpegeln auszeichnet.Furthermore, the angle transmitter preferably has a resolution of at least 10 bit / 360 °, in particular of at least 11 bit / 360 ° or of at least 12 bit / 360 °. This is of particular advantage in connection with a high-torque, high-torque motor. In a gearless drive is a high temporal resolution even at low speeds possible. This means that even very slow door speeds can be adjusted down to standstill. Furthermore, the high resolution leads in a gearless drive and in particular in a sinusoidal control of the motor to a nearly harmonics-free torque development, which is characterized by very good concentricity properties with low noise levels.
Die Verwendung eines magnetischen Absolutwertgebers hoher Auflösung zur Ansteuerung des Elektromotors hat erhebliche Vorteile für den Antrieb:
- a) Die Rotorposition ist zu jedem Zeitpunkt, also auch unmittelbar nach Einschalten der Strom- oder Spannungsversorgung, bekannt, so dass die Notwendigkeit des Einsynchronisierens des Rotorwinkels entfällt.
- b) Speziell führt die hohe Winkelauflösung zu einer hohen zeitlichen Auflösung auch bei geringen Drehzahlen, so dass auch sehr langsame Geschwindigkeiten bis hin zum Stillstand ausgeregelt werden können.
- c) Bei sinusförmiger Ansteuerung des Motors ergibt sich eine nahezu oberwellenfreie Drehmomentenentfaltung, welche sich durch sehr gute Rundlaufeigenschaften bei geringer Geräuschentwicklung auszeichnet.
- d) Geringe Kosten.
- e) Geringe Bauhöhe.
- a) The rotor position is known at any time, ie immediately after switching on the power or voltage supply, so that the need for synchronizing the rotor angle is eliminated.
- b) Specifically, the high angular resolution leads to a high temporal resolution even at low speeds, so that even very slow speeds can be compensated up to a standstill.
- c) With sinusoidal control of the motor results in a nearly harmonics-free torque development, which is characterized by very good concentricity properties with low noise.
- d) Low costs.
- e) Low height.
Für eine kompakte Ausführung und insbesondere für die Unterbringung innerhalb eines Türkämpfers oder eines Türsturzes ist es besonders zweckmäßig, falls der Winkelgeber in axialer Richtung eine Ausdehnung von max. 40 mm, vorzugsweise von max. 20 mm, aufweist.For a compact design and in particular for the accommodation within a door fighter or a lintel, it is particularly useful if the angle encoder in the axial direction an extension of max. 40 mm, preferably of max. 20 mm.
Insbesondere ist der Winkelgeber koaxial zur Motorwelle angebracht.In particular, the angle encoder is mounted coaxially with the motor shaft.
Der Elektromotor ist vorzugsweise als ein, insbesondere permanent erregter, Synchronmotor ausgebildet.The electric motor is preferably designed as a, in particular permanently excited, synchronous motor.
Vorzugsweise ist die Länge des Elektromotors - gemessen ohne eventuelle Lager, Antriebsritzel und elektronische Komponenten - kleiner als 60 mm, insbesondere kleiner als 36 mm.Preferably, the length of the electric motor - measured without any bearings, drive pinion and electronic components - less than 60 mm, in particular less than 36 mm.
Außerdem vorzugsweise ist die Länge des Elektromotors - gemessen in einem Abstand von mindestens 35 mm von der Welle und ohne eventuelle Lager, Antriebsritzel und elektronische Komponenten - kleiner als 60 mm, insbesondere kleiner als 36 mm.In addition, preferably, the length of the electric motor - measured at a distance of at least 35 mm from the shaft and without any bearings, drive pinion and electronic components - less than 60 mm, in particular less than 36 mm.
Außerdem bevorzugt liegt der Durchmesser und/ oder die Kantenlänge des Elektromotors im Bereich zwischen 50 mm und 200 mm, vorzugsweise im Bereich zwischen 80 mm und 160 mm.In addition, the diameter and / or the edge length of the electric motor preferably lies in the range between 50 mm and 200 mm, preferably in the range between 80 mm and 160 mm.
Eine weitere zweckmäßige Auslegung besteht darin, dass der Elektromotor ein Antriebsmoment von mindestens 0,008 Nm/kg oder von mindestens 0,01 Nm/kg Türmasse aufweist, insbesondere ein Antriebsmoment aus dem Bereich von 3,0 Nm bis 4,5 Nm, vorzugsweise aus dem Bereich von 3,5 bis 4,0 Nm.Another expedient design is that the electric motor has a drive torque of at least 0.008 Nm / kg or at least 0.01 Nm / kg door mass, in particular a drive torque in the range of 3.0 Nm to 4.5 Nm, preferably from the Range from 3.5 to 4.0 Nm.
Nach einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist ein Antriebsritzel oder Riemenrad zum Antrieb des Riemens bzw. der Kette auf der Welle des Elektromotors angebracht. Dadurch ergibt sich einerseits der Vorteil einer kompakten Bauweise und andererseits der Vorteil, dass der Riemen bzw. die Kette getriebelos und/oder vorgelegelos von dem Elektromotor antreibbar ist (Direktantrieb). Ein Getriebe würde die axiale Ausdehnung des Gesamtsystems aus Elektromotor und Getriebe im Vergleich zu einem getriebelosen Antrieb deutlich erhöhen. Bei einem Vorgelege würde sich der Bauraum ebenfalls erhöhen, weil die Antriebskraft zunächst von der Motorwelle über das Vorgelege auf ein außeraxial gelegenes Doppelritzel übertragen werden müsste, das seinerseits erst die Kette bzw. den Riemen antriebe. Getriebelosigkeit bedeutet ferner geringere Verluste und Geräuschentwicklung.According to a preferred embodiment, a drive pinion or pulley for driving the belt or the chain is mounted on the shaft of the electric motor. This results on the one hand the advantage of a compact design and on the other hand, the advantage that the belt or chain is gearless and / or vorgelegelos driven by the electric motor (direct drive). A transmission would significantly increase the axial extent of the overall system of electric motor and transmission compared to a gearless drive. In a countershaft, the space would also increase because the driving force would first have to be transmitted from the motor shaft via the countershaft to a non-axially located double pinion, which in turn drive only the chain or the belt. Gearlessness also means lower losses and noise.
Das Antriebsritzel bzw. Riemenrad ist insbesondere an einem freistehenden Ende der Welle befestigt. Dadurch ergibt sich der Vorteil einer universellen Integrierbarkeit ins Türsystem.The drive pinion or pulley is in particular attached to a freestanding end of the shaft. This results the advantage of universal integration into the door system.
Besonders zweckmäßig ist es, dass der Elektromotor - vorzugsweise vollständig - innerhalb eines Türkämpfers oder eines Türsturzes am oberen Ende der Tür, insbesondere oberhalb eines Fahrkorbes des Aufzugs, angeordnet ist. Im Idealfall ist oberhalb des Fahrkorbs der Aufzugsanlage zur Installation bzw. Montage des Türantriebs kein Bauraum erforderlich. Hieraus ergeben sich spezielle Vorteile im Vergleich zu einer Lösung mit einem Vorgelege, bei welcher der Elektromotor in der Regel oberhalb des Türkämpfers angebracht sein muss.It is particularly expedient that the electric motor - preferably completely - within a door fighter or a lintel at the upper end of the door, in particular above a car of the elevator, is arranged. Ideally, no space is required above the elevator car of the elevator installation for installation or assembly of the door drive. This results in special advantages compared to a solution with a countershaft, in which the electric motor must be mounted usually above the door fighter.
Als Türkämpfer wird im Zusammenhang mit der Erfindung jeglicher fest in den Türrahmen eingebaute Querbalken verstanden, insbesondere ein horizontales Profil zwischen der unteren Türanlage und einem oberen Teil, im Falle eines Aufzugs des oberen Teils des Fahrkorbs. Der Türkämpfer ist in der Regel oberhalb des oder der Türblätter der Tür angeordnet.As a door striker is understood in the context of the invention, any fixed built into the door frame crossbar, in particular a horizontal profile between the lower door system and an upper part, in the case of an elevator of the upper part of the car. The door striker is usually arranged above the door leaves of the door.
Nach einer ganz besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist der Motor derart angebracht, dass seine Welle senkrecht zur Öffnungs- und Schließrichtung der Tür und/oder horizontal ausgerichtet ist. Damit ist eine besonders kompakte und in Bezug auf die Antriebskraft umlenkungsfreie und somit verlustarme Anordnung möglich.According to a very particularly preferred embodiment, the motor is mounted such that its shaft is perpendicular to the opening and closing direction of the door and / or aligned horizontally. This is a particularly compact and with respect to the driving force deflection-free and thus low-loss arrangement possible.
Bei einer derartigen Anbringung des Elektromotors ergibt sich weiterhin der Vorteil, dass ein und derselbe, beispielsweise als Ersatzteil vorgehaltene Motor, sowohl am linken als auch am rechten Ende oder an einer beliebigen Position dazwischen am Türkämpfer montiert werden kann und somit die Unterscheidung zwischen linkem und rechtem Wellenabgang, wie bei Getriebemotoren notwendig, entfallen kann.In such an attachment of the electric motor, there is also the advantage that one and the same, for example, as a spare part reproached engine, both on the left and at the right end or at any position between the door striker can be mounted and thus the distinction between the left and right Wave output, as necessary with gear motors, can be omitted.
Nach einer anderen bevorzugten Ausführungsform weist der Motor samt Antriebsritzel bzw. Riemenrad in Wellenrichtung eine Ausdehnung von weniger als 100 mm, vorzugsweise von weniger als 80 mm, auf. Mit solchen Maßen ist der Motor samt Antriebsritzel bzw. Riemenrad in einem Türsturz oder Türkämpfer auch mit besonders kleinen Abmessungen von Höhe und/ oder Breite kleiner als 110 mm unterbringbar.According to another preferred embodiment, the motor together with the drive pinion or pulley in the shaft direction has an extension of less than 100 mm, preferably less than 80 mm, up. With such dimensions, the engine including drive sprocket or pulley in a lintel or door striker with particularly small dimensions of height and / or width less than 110 mm can be accommodated.
Der Türantrieb weist weiterhin vorzugsweise ein Steuergerät mit installiertem Steuerprogramm zum Verfahren der Tür in ihre Offen- und/oder in ihre Schließstellung auf.The door drive further preferably has a control unit with an installed control program for moving the door into its open and / or closed position.
Das Steuergerät ist insbesondere derart hergerichtet, dass der Elektromotor - zumindest im Normalbetrieb - mit einer Drehzahl von weniger als 600 U/min, vorzugsweise mit einer Drehzahl von weniger als 500 U/min, betrieben wird.The control unit is in particular so prepared that the electric motor - at least in normal operation - with a speed of less than 600 U / min, preferably with a speed of less than 500 U / min, operated.
Nach einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist Winkelgeber auf der vom Antriebsritzel oder Riemenrad abgewandten Seite des Elektromotors angebracht.According to a further preferred embodiment, angle sensor is mounted on the side facing away from the drive pinion or pulley side of the electric motor.
Insgesamt ist eine Gesamtlänge von Elektromotor, Antriebsritzel bzw. Riemenrad und Winkelgeber in Wellenrichtung von weniger als 110 mm, vorzugsweise weniger als 98 mm, zweckmäßig.Overall, a total length of electric motor, drive pinion or pulley and angle encoder in the shaft direction of less than 110 mm, preferably less than 98 mm, appropriate.
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines Türantriebs nach der Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand der
- FIG 1
- eine Tür, für welche ein Türantrieb nach der Erfindung einsetzbar ist,
- FIG 2
- eine Frontansicht eines inneren Bereichs, eines so genannten Türkämpfers, im oberen Teil der Tür der
Figur 1 , - FIG 3
- eine Draufsicht auf das Innenleben des Türkämpfers der
Figur 2 , - FIG 4
- Details zur elektrischen Ansteuerung des für den
Türantriebs der Figur 1 verwendeten Motors, und - FIG 5
- weitere Details zur Verwendung eines Winkelgebers für die Ansteuervorrichtung und die Antriebsvorrichtung nach der Erfindung.
- FIG. 1
- a door for which a door drive according to the invention can be used,
- FIG. 2
- a front view of an inner area, a so-called Türkämpfers, in the upper part of the door
FIG. 1 . - FIG. 3
- a top view of the interior of the doorstep the
FIG. 2 . - FIG. 4
- Details for the electrical control of the door drive of the
FIG. 1 used engine, and - FIG. 5
- Further details on the use of an angle encoder for the drive device and the drive device according to the invention.
Am freien Ende der Welle 11 ist ein Antriebsritzel, Antriebsrad oder Riemenrad 12 oder dergleichen befestigt. Zusammen mit einer am gegenüberliegenden Ende des Türkämpfers 5 angebrachten Umlenkrolle 14 führt das Riemenrad 12 einen zähelastischen Zahnriemen 16, der die Antriebskraft des Motors 10 auf die Türblätter 2, 3 überträgt.At the free end of the
Koaxial zur Motorwelle 11, d.h. auf der dargestellten Drehachse A des Motors 10, ist ein digitaler magnetischer Absolutwertwinkelgeber 20 angebracht. Dieser wird in
In
- Tiefenausdehnung L2 des Winkelgebers 20: ca. 30 mm. Tiefenausdehnung L1 von Motor 10 samt Antriebsrad 12: ca. 80 mm.
- Gesamte Tiefenausdehnung oder Gesamtlänge L: weniger als 110 mm.
- Depth extension L 2 of the angle sensor 20: approx. 30 mm. Depth extension L 1 of
motor 10 together with drive wheel 12: about 80 mm. - Total depth or total length L: less than 110 mm.
Der Winkelgeber 20 befindet sich auf der dem Antriebsrad 12 abgewanden Seite des Motors 10 und ist mittig bezüglich der Achse A des Motors 10 angebracht. Der Drehwinkel ϕ ist in der Figur angedeutet. Das Steuergerät 24 versorgt den Motor 10 über eine Leitung 28 gesteuert und/geregelt mit aus einer Energiequelle 26, beispielsweise dem öffentlichen Stromnetz, stammenden Energie. Der Winkelgeber 20 meldet über eine Leitung 22 einen - analogen oder codierten - Winkelzahlenwert an das Steuergerät 24. Die Auflösung der Kombination aus Winkelgeber 20 und Steuergerät 24 beträgt 12 Bit, so dass sich für 360° eine Winkelauflösung von 360° / 4096 = 0,09° ergibt.The
In
- a)
Das Steuergerät 24 des Türantriebs weist eine Kommutierungsschaltung 32 zur elektronischen Sinus-Kommutierung und/oder Sinusmodulation des als Synchron- oderAsynchronmotor ausgebildeten Motors 10 auf.Der Kommutierungsschaltung 32ist das Winkelsignal 22 zugeführt. Hierfür wird die hohe Auflösung des Winkelgebers 20 in vollem Umfang benötigt. Besonders vorteilhaft ist diese Anordnung bei einem elektronisch kommutierten (EC) und bürstenlosen,permanent erregten Synchronmotor 10, vorzugsweise ohne Getriebe, weil sich gegenüber für die Kommutierung eingesetzten Resolver-Drehmeldern ein erheblicher Preisvorteil bei gleicher Funktionalität ergibt. Bei einem EC-Motor kann dieKommutierungsschaltung 32 als BL-Controller bezeichnet werden.
Die Kommutierungsschaltung 32 bildet zusammenmit dem Winkelgebers 20eine Ansteuervorrichtung 30 nach der Erfindung.Die Ansteuervorrichtung 30 bildet zusammenmit dem Motor 10eine Antriebsvorrichtung 33 nach der Erfindung. - b)
Das Steuergerät 24 des Türantriebs weist ferner als funktionelle Einheit eine Türpositionssteuereinrichtung 34 auf, der ebenfallsdas Winkelsignal 22 zugeführt ist.Die Türpositionssteuereinrichtung 34 regelt den Türzustand und/ oder die Türposition. Mit dem Winkelzahlenwert ist über den Durchmesser des verwendeten Antriebsritzels 12 diePosition der Türblätter 2 und 3 bekannt, so dassdas Steuergerät 24 bzw. dieTürpositionssteuereinrichtung 34 in bekannter Weise Betriebsfahrten in die Öffnungs- oder Schließstellung oder Betriebstestfahrten zur Ermittlung solcher Endstellungen durchführen kann. Hierfür wird in der Regel eine niedrige und nicht die volle Auflösung des Winkelgebers 20 benötigt.Die Türpositionssteuereinrichtung 34 kann neben der Türposition - z.B. bei Vorhandensein eines Timers - auch die Türgeschwindigkeit beeinflussen, kontrollieren, steuern und/ oder regeln.
- a) The
control unit 24 of the door drive has acommutation circuit 32 for electronic sine commutation and / or sinusoidal modulation of themotor 10 designed as a synchronous or asynchronous motor. Thecommutation circuit 32 is theangle signal 22 is supplied. For this purpose, the high resolution of theangle sensor 20 is required in full. This arrangement is particularly advantageous in the case of an electronically commutated (EC) and brushless, permanently excitedsynchronous motor 10, preferably without a gear, because compared to resolver resolvers used for the commutation, a considerable price advantage results for the same functionality. For an EC motor, thecommutation circuit 32 may be referred to as a BL controller.
Thecommutation circuit 32, together with theangle sensor 20, adrive device 30 according to the invention. Thedrive device 30, together with themotor 10, adrive device 33 according to the invention. - b) The
control unit 24 of the door drive further has as a functional unit a doorposition control device 34, which is also supplied with theangle signal 22. Thedoor position controller 34 controls the door state and / or the door position. With the angle number value, the position of the door leaves 2 and 3 is known about the diameter of thedrive pinion 12 used, so that thecontrol unit 24 or the doorposition control device 34 can perform operating runs in the open or closed position or operating test runs for determining such end positions in a known manner. For this purpose, a low and not the full resolution of theangle sensor 20 is usually required. The doorposition control device 34 can also influence, control, control and / or regulate the door speed in addition to the door position - eg in the presence of a timer.
Die Antriebsvorrichtung 33 bildet zusammen mit Türpositionssteuereinrichtung 34 einen Türantrieb 36 nach der Erfindung.The
Claims (22)
- Door drive (36) for an automatic door (1), in particular for an automatic sliding and/or lift door which has at least one door panel (2,3) with- an electric motor (10) for generating drive power,- an actuation device (30) for controlling and/or regulating the electric motor (10),- a belt or chain (16) running in the opening and closing direction (7) of the door (1) for transmitting the drive power to the door panel (2,3), and- a door position controller (34),with the electric motor (10) having a brushless construction and the actuation device (30) having- an angle sensor (20) for generating an angular signal (22) proportional to the angle of rotation (ϕ) of the motor (10) and- a commutation circuit (32), for commutating the electric motor (10) electronically, to which the angular signal (22) from the angle sensor (20) is fed, andwhere the angular signal (22) from the angle sensor (20) is fed to the door position controller (34) as an input variable,
characterised in that
the angle sensor (20) works on a magnetic principle, is constructed as an absolute value sensor and designed for sensing unambiguously one complete revolution (360°) of the electric motor (10) and where the angle sensor has a resolution of at least 10 bits/360°. - Door drive (36) according to claim 1,
characterised in that
the electric motor (10) is a synchronous motor, in particular a permanently-excited one. - Door drive (36) according to claim 1 or 2,
characterised in that
the length of the electric motor (10) - measured without any bearings, drive pinion and/or electronic components - is less than 60 mm, preferably less than 36 mm. - Door drive (36) according to one of claims 1 to 3,
characterised in that
the length of the electric motor (10) - measured at a distance of at least 35 mm from the shaft and without any bearings, drive pinion and/or electronic components - is less than 60 mm, preferably less than 36 mm. - Door drive (36) according to one of claims 1 to 4,
characterised in that
the diameter (D) and/or the edge length of the electric motor (10) lies in a range between 50 mm and 200 mm, preferably in the range between 80 mm and 160 mm. - Door drive (36) according to one of claims 1 to 5,
characterised in that
the electric motor (10) is designed for a drive torque of at least 0.008 Nm/kg or of at least 0.01 Nm/kg of door mass, in particular for a drive torque in the range from 3.0 Nm to 4.5 Nm, preferably in the range from 3.5 to 4.0 Nm. - Door drive (36) according to one of claims 1 to 6,
characterised in that
the angle sensor (20) is based on the principle of the magnetoresistive effect. - Door drive (36) according to claim 7,
characterised in that
the angle sensor (20) is based on the principle of the GMR effect. - Door drive (36) according to one of claims 1 to 6,
characterised in that
the angle sensor (20) is formed by connecting together several Hall sensors. - Door drive (36) according to one of claims 1 to 9,
characterised in that
the angle sensor (20) is constructed as a single-turn sensor. - Door drive (36) according to one of claims 1 to 10,
characterised in that
the angle sensor (20) has a resolution of at least 11 bits/360° or at least 12 bits/360°. - Door drive (36) according to one of claims 1 to 11,
characterised in that
the angle sensor (20) has a length (L2) in the axial direction of at most 40 mm, preferably not more than 20 mm. - Door drive (36) according to one of claims 1 to 12,
characterised in that
the angle sensor (20) is arranged coaxially with the motor shaft (11) . - Door drive (36) according to one of claims 1 to 13,
characterised in that
a drive pinion or belt drivewheel (12) for driving the belt or chain (16), as applicable, is attached to the motor shaft (11) of the electric motor (10). - Door drive (36) according to one of claims 1 to 14,
characterised in that
the drive pinion or belt drivewheel (12) is attached to an unsupported end of the motor shaft (11). - Door drive (36) according to one of claims 1 to 15,
characterised in that
the belt or chain (16), as applicable, is driven by the electric motor (10) without gearing and/or transmission. - Door drive (36) according to one of claims 1 to 16,
characterised in that
the electric motor (10) is arranged - preferably completely - within a door springer or door lintel (5) at the top end of the door (1), in particular above a lift cage (6) of the lift. - Door drive (36) according to one of claims 1 to 17,
characterised in that
the electric motor (10) is mounted in such a way that its motor shaft (11) is aligned at right angles to the direction of opening and closing (7) of the door (1) and/or horizontally. - Door drive (36) according to one of claims 1 to 18,
characterised in that
the electric motor (10) together with its drive pinion or belt drivewheel (12), as applicable, has a length (L1) of less than 100 mm in the direction of the shaft, preferably less than 80 mm. - Door drive (36) according to one of claims 1 to 19,
characterised by
a controller (24) with an installed control program for driving the door (1) to its open and/or closed position. - Door drive (36) according to claim 20,
characterised in that
the controller (24) is designed in such a way that the electric motor (10) is operated - at least in normal operation - at a speed of less than 600 r.p.m., preferably at a speed of less than 500 r.p.m. - Door drive (36) according to one of claims 1 to 21,
characterised in that
the overall length (L) of the electric motor (10), drive pinion or belt drivewheel (12), as applicable, and angle sensor (20) is less than 110 mm in the direction of the shaft, preferably less than 98 mm.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102006040232A DE102006040232A1 (en) | 2006-08-28 | 2006-08-28 | Door drive for an automatic door |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP1894877A2 EP1894877A2 (en) | 2008-03-05 |
EP1894877A3 EP1894877A3 (en) | 2008-05-21 |
EP1894877B1 true EP1894877B1 (en) | 2010-05-05 |
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ID=38626812
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP07114135A Active EP1894877B1 (en) | 2006-08-28 | 2007-08-10 | Door drive for an automatic door |
Country Status (6)
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US (1) | US20080047200A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1894877B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE466806T1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE102006040232A1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2345123T3 (en) |
PT (1) | PT1894877E (en) |
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DE102010024108A1 (en) * | 2010-06-17 | 2011-12-22 | Dorma Gmbh + Co. Kg | Karuselltür |
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US8994198B2 (en) | 2010-12-16 | 2015-03-31 | Haralambos S. Tsivicos | Apparatus and method for efficiently generating power when a door is acted upon by an outside force |
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-
2006
- 2006-08-28 DE DE102006040232A patent/DE102006040232A1/en not_active Ceased
-
2007
- 2007-08-10 DE DE502007003643T patent/DE502007003643D1/en active Active
- 2007-08-10 ES ES07114135T patent/ES2345123T3/en active Active
- 2007-08-10 EP EP07114135A patent/EP1894877B1/en active Active
- 2007-08-10 PT PT07114135T patent/PT1894877E/en unknown
- 2007-08-10 AT AT07114135T patent/ATE466806T1/en active
- 2007-08-28 US US11/895,930 patent/US20080047200A1/en not_active Abandoned
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DE102006040232A1 (en) | 2008-03-13 |
DE502007003643D1 (en) | 2010-06-17 |
US20080047200A1 (en) | 2008-02-28 |
ES2345123T3 (en) | 2010-09-15 |
EP1894877A2 (en) | 2008-03-05 |
ATE466806T1 (en) | 2010-05-15 |
EP1894877A3 (en) | 2008-05-21 |
PT1894877E (en) | 2010-05-26 |
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