EP1894049A2 - System and method for increasing efficiency and quality for exposing images on celluloid or other photo sensitive material - Google Patents

Abstract

In one embodiment, a system is provided for increasing image information storage capacity within available media involving a film camera capture. In one embodiment, the system comprises a strip of photographic emulsion bearing media having at least two surfaces, and wherein two of the at least two surfaces are provided with emulsion. A camera is provided that has a lens, wherein the camera exposes aspects of a lens gathered image on the two surfaces of the photographic emulsion bearing media, and further wherein at least light is gathered and relayed by a lens image relaying device. A processor is further provided for processing the photographic emulsion bearing media, and an imaging device is included for providing electronic image data representing image information from the photographic emulsion bearing media.

Description

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR INCREASING EFFICIENCY AND QUALITY FOR EXPOSING IMAGES ON CELLULOID OR OTHER PHOTO SENSITIVE

MATERIAL

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] The present application is based on and claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 60/692,502, filed on June 21, 2005 and entitled "METHOD, SYSTEM AND APPARATUS FOR EXPOSING IMAGES ON BOTH SIDES OF CELLOID OR OTHER PHOTO SENSITIVE BEARING MATERIAL," U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 60/692,501, filed on June 21, 2005 and entitled "METHOD, SYSTEM AND APPARATUS FOR PROVIDING EXPANDABLE OR ELASTIC PHOTOGRAPHIC FILM TO INCREASE IMAGE QUALITY," U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 60/693,011, filed on June 22, 2005 and entitled "FJJLM SHEATH ASSEMBLY SYSTEM, METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR USE JjN DIGITAL FJJLM SIMULATION," U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 60/696,829, filed on July 6, 2005 and entitled "METHOD, SYSTEM AND APPARATUS FOR CAPTURING VISUALS AND/OR VISUAL DATA AND SPECIAL DEPTH DATA RELATING TO OBJECTS AND/OR MAGE ZONES WITHIN SAID VISUALS SIMULTANEOUSLY," U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 60/701,424, filed on July 22, 2005 and entitled "METHOD, SYSTEM AND APPARATUS FOR INCREASING QUALITY OF FILM CAPTURE," U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 60/702,910, filed on July 27, 2005 and entitled "SYSTEM, METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CAPTURING AND SCREENING VISUALS FOR MULTIDIMENSIONAL DISPLAY," U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 60/711,345, filed on August 25, 2005 and entitled "SYSTEM, METHOD APPARATUS FOR CAPTURING AND SCREENING VISUALS FOR MULTI-DIMENSIONAL DISPLAY (ADDITIONAL DISCLOSURE)," U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 60/710,868, filed on August 25, 2005 and entitled "A METHOD, SYSTEM AND APPARATUS FOR INCREASING QUALITY OF FILM CAPTURE," U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 60/712,189, filed on August 29, 2005 and entitled "A METHOD, SYSTEM AND APPARATUS FOR INCREASING QUALITY AND EFFICIENCY OF FILM CAPTURE," U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 60/727,538, filed on October 16, 2005 and entitled "A METHOD, SYSTEM AND APPARATUS FOR INCREASING QUALITY OF DIGITAL IMAGE CAPTURE," U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 60/732,347, filed on October 31, 2005 and entitled "A METHOD, SYSTEM AND APPARATUS FOR INCREASING QUALITY AND EFFICIENCY OF FILM CAPTURE WITHOUT CHANGE OF FILM MAGAZINE POSITION," U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 60/739,142, filed on November 22, 2005 and entitled "DUAL FOCUS," U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 60/739,881, filed on November 25, 2005 and entitled "SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR VARIABLE KEY FRAME FILM GATE ASSEMBLAGE WITHIN HYBRID CAMERA ENHANCING RESOLUTION WHILE EXPANDING MEDIA EFFICIENCY," U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 60/750,912, filed on December 15, 2005 and entitled "A METHOD, SYSTEM AND APPARATUS FOR INCREASING QUALITY AND EFFICIENCY OF (DIGITAL) FILM CAPTURE," the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference. This application further incorporates by reference in its entirety U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 11/447,406, entitled "MULTI-DIMENSIONAL IMAGING SYSTEM AND METHOD," filed on June 5, 2006, and U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 11/408,389, entitled "SYSTEM AND METHOD TO SIMULATE FILM OR OTHER IMAGING MEDIA" and filed on April 20, 2006, the entire contents of both of which are as if set forth herein in their entirety.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Field of the Invention [0002] The present invention relates to image capture and screening, and, more particularly, to improving efficiency of film use and quality in digital film simulation.

Description of the Related Art

[0003] As digital image capture, storing and projection increases in efficiency, data processing capability and quality, film is and has been limited by the capture, storage and screening means employed by the familial- approaches and known products.

[0004] In prior art, three-dimensional screening systems, such as IMAX or the like, provide an illusion of an enhanced visual experience beyond conventional two- dimensional screening, the present invention provides a new aesthetic and technical range of options. However, visuals are captured in a two-dimensional, different aspect or display ratio that a screening system displaying the visuals utilizes. Further, the present invention provides opportunity for film capture to provide more final images per foot of initial stock used, while further providing the simultaneous option of significantly more information per image resulting from the film captures, without requiring additional film stock footage to achieve this result.

[0005] Preferably, an approach to double-sided emulsion is provided, thereby enabling optics within a camera to relay selective portions of a captured lens image that are selectively maintained, altered in focus, exposure or capture lens position or the like, on both sides of a strip of double-sided emulsion or length of film. The double-sided emulsion approach enables twice the image storing efficiency of the film, and increases image capture (e.g., recording) ability without requiring increased materials (e.g., film stock). Further, the double-sided emulsion enables a capture of secondary images, such as differently focused, exposed or slightly differently positioned capture lens images, for recording on opposite sides of a strip, or joined strips of colloid or other emulsion bearing or embodying materials. Further, horizontal positioning of the film stock, and use off the film captures optionally as key frames, for use in affecting multiple final images digitally, allows the present invention to not only provide more recordable media without increasing overall film stock footage, but the resulting image information, (including quality and resolution) from this stock per image is increased optionally dramatically over conventional images captured in familiar film stock gauge sizes, (such as 35mm and 16mm.)

[0006] As described in the above-identified pending patent applications, such altered versions of a capture lens' images may also be recorded on a single side of conventional (e.g., color negative) film by way of offset film gates and/or offset image lay-down areas within the camera. Such recording of conventional film allows for subsequent delineation of different versions of the same lens image, such as recorded on conventional film, by digital or other means in post production applications and during use of various effects, as known in the art.

SUMMARY

[0007] In one embodiment, the present invention comprises a system for amplifying available media for film camera capture including a strip of film stock having at least two surfaces, and wherein two of the at least two surfaces are provided with emulsion. The system further comprises a camera having a lens, wherein the camera records a lens image on the two surfaces of the film stock, and further wherein the camera records the lens image by gathering at least light in the lens. Moreover, a film processor for processing the film stock bearing emulsion on the two surfaces is provided, and an imaging device for imaging both surfaces of the film stock is provided. The imaging device images both surfaces of the film stock as at least one imaged derived from the initial strip of film stock, wherein the media for film capture is amplified as a function of at least the imaging device, the film processor and the strip of film stock.

[0008] In another embodiment, the present invention comprises an expandable emulsion photographic system. The system includes an expandable medium having photographic emulsion and a film camera. The film camera includes a film gate, at least one optical element, an expanding device, a film processor, and a film containment. The expanding device is operable to manage the expandable medium, and the expanding device is operable to expand the expandable medium to position the emulsion relative to the optical elements for providing an initially captured lens image for latent image storage within a selectively optimal quantity of the emulsion.

[0009] Other features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of the invention that refers to the accompanying figures.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0010] For the purpose of illustrating the invention, there is shown in the figures a form which is presently preferred, it being understood, however, that the invention is not limited to the precise arrangements and instrumentalities shown. The features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of the invention that refers to the accompanying figures, in which:

[0011] Fig. 1 illustrates an example configuration, including a camera, of an example embodiment;

[0012] Fig. 2 illustrates a partially exaggerated configuration of a double-sided emulsion film stock;

[0013] Fig. 3, illustrates a modified configuration of the camera shown in Fig. 1;

[0014] Figs. 4A-44E and 5A-5C illustrate some selected potential configurations of camera aspects of the present invention; and

[0015] Fig. 6 illustrates a left side elevational view illustrating a selectively convex configuration for augmenting overall image recording emulsion area and potentially increasing image quality.

DESCRPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0016] [0015] [0001] The present invention preferably provides a an aesthetic and technical range of options to increase the efficiency and quality of for exposing images on celluloid or other photo sensitive material, not previously available in the prior art. Unlike prior art systems, in one embodiment, visuals are captured in a similar or the same, three-dimensional aspect or display ratio, providing ratio, as a screening system that is used for display utilizes designed to manifest images on displays or screens of similar shape, (non flat display surfaces). For example, a bubble-shaped portion of emulsion material is exposed by an expandable emulsion exposure system, and film media product(s) are provided with a curvature and spherical shape that is similar to that of the screening system on which the visuals are to be displayed. This reduces a need for typical prior art optical impositions and conversions (e.g., distortions) of visual data for recording and screening from two-dimensional filmed images and images screened from film.

[0017] As used herein, the term, "recording," refers, generally, to including an image initially stored as latent image captured within photographic emulsion.

[0018] Also as used herein, the term, emulsion bearing surface refers, generally to film stock containment media, such as celluloid, where an option for coating two surfaces with photographic emulsion, occurring on opposite sides of the media, exists.

[0019] Further, as used herein, the term, "imaging device" refers, generally, to any device capable of capturing, sampling and/or digitizing an image. A non-limiting example of an imaging device, is a scanner.

[0020] Moreover, as used herein, a "capture lens image" refers, generally, to a visual gathered by the camera lens and relayed for subsequent image capture(s). Alternatively, a "captured lens image" may refer to light relating to a visual gathered by the camera lens and relayed for subsequent image capture(s).

[0021] Also as used herein, the term, "emulsified" means, generally, to include media which has been coated with or contains photographic emulsion, initially unexposed emulsion. [0022] In a preferred embodiment, an increase in the quality of a filmed (e.g., on emulsified material) image that is captured via the photo chemical process, typically employed during the recording of much material in film and television. Preferably, the methods and systems described herein are not limited to motion media, as still photography quality is also vastly increased with regard to image quality, without a need to change the size of equipment, for example to compensate for gauge size of film, or the like.

[0023] In a preferred embodiment, a 16 millimeter ("mm") film camera (as known in the art) is employed for the capture of visuals, selectively of a quality near, at or beyond that of a conventional 35mm film camera and film recording means, at image origination. As is apparent to one skilled in the art, any gauge size film and camera may be utilized to benefit from the teachings herein. Moreover, as described in greater detail below, either variable film or other storage medium, a camera, or both are features of the present invention and utilized to avail a user of the benefits taught herein.

[0024] In a preferred embodiment, a film camera incorporates optics and film management that enhance typical prior art film cameras. For example, the camera (and film) maximize quality and efficiency by providing a new sequence of events and approaches as each frame of unexposed film (or other emulsified material) moves into a film gate for exposure, by way of light related from a capture lens.

[0025] In one embodiment, prior to exposure, film undergoes an expansion process, such as by way of a film surface affecting device that, for example, is globe-shaped, and that makes contact with the film from the side of the film that is reverse to the side having emulsion for exposure. The device may push beyond the film plane that is typically maintained during exposure, thereby expanding the emulsion selectively toward the optics. In an alternative embodiment, a second device expands the emulsion in the opposite direction relative to the film plane, and expands the film plane to be three- dimensional, instead of film that is two-dimensional, as typically used in prior art film cameras. [0026] The optics of the camera and used for relaying the lens image may, in one embodiment, involve a device to surround the area of emulsion that has been expanded to a three-dimensional, spherical surface with visual data. Alternatively, an image may be exposed on to the spherical emulsion surface by way of moving optics, such as for exposing new image data onto the emulsion surface as aspects of the optical system (e.g., lenses, mirrors or the like) move during an exposure process. Variations in optics are many, and in various embodiments, the sphere or semi-spherical shape of the expanded emulsion may be convex or concave, relative to the image capture and relaying optics and system. Therefore, various embodiments, as will become apparent to one skilled in the art, are envisioned herein.

[0027] Selectively, a lens image may be affected, such as by distortion, for proper dispersal of the lens image over the maximum available surface area of the expanded emulsion or other photosensitive material or recording media. In such a configuration, correcting optics may be subsequently employed to reconfigure stored (or recorded) visuals for desired display, aspect ratio, 2 dimensional display systems and related options geared to potential final display intentions. As known in the art, such optical image conversion approaches include anamorphic lens systems, which record a visual which is first distorted, and thereafter "undistorted" by optics designed to adjust for the initial distortion imposed for proper recording onto media with a different aspect ratio than the full, undistorted scene capture through the camera lens.

[0028] In a preferred embodiment, a device releases a compressed amount of gas, such as oxygen, to expand or otherwise inflate a surface of the pre-positioned film. Air preferably allows for fast, intermittent "inflation" of the film surface, like a balloon, without making physical contact with the film which can potentially mark or damage the film. This is analogous to a balloon, which is provided with words and/or images on its surface that are revealed until the balloon is inflated.

[0029] The size of the intended maximum area of exposable emulsion, which may be a coating or embodiment of the expandable surface itself as an aspect of the elastic or variable material, is not revealed and/employed until the air (or other penetrating object in an alternative embodiment) expands the surface to something similar or identical, to the expansion of the surface experienced when the emulsion was first incorporated or coated onto it. In the "air puff configuration, a selectively air-tight seal between the compressed air means and the film gate (or film surface) may be employed for controlled, consistent expansion of the expandable film, emulsion, or other photosensitive bearing material.

[0030] With the camera, a transparent surface in the ideal shape of the emulsion for exposure might be involved, to contain the inflated emulsion surface, for example, in an identical size and position for each subsequent exposure, for image continuity.

[0031] Continuing with reference to an embodiment using an air puff expanding configuration, after exposure and release of the compressed air being applied to the "film," the emulsion surface would selectively recede, retract and/or shrink back into its smaller, contained size which allowed it to be contained discreetly within the smaller confines of the film media, or selected gauge size, such as 16mm. Optionally, secondary physical affecting means to replace the expanded stock to the initial, unexpanded size and configuration may be employed.

[0032] The film may then be advanced by the camera with the next expandable frame positioned for "inflation" to the three-dimensional shape and size for the next exposure of light related and/or positioned on the emulsion by way of the camera's selectively stationary or moveable optics arrangement.

[0033] In three-dimensional screening approaches, (including single two dimensional image captures presented on screens that are not flat,) such as BVIAX or similar approaches which provide the illusion of an enhanced visual experience beyond conventional two-dimensional screening, the present invention may provide a new aesthetic and technical range of options relying less, or not at all, on optical distortion of captured and/or displayed images to achieve a desired aesthetic effect. Namely, capture of a visual in nearly if not the same three-dimensional aspect, or display ratio, as the eventual screening means will utilize. For example, the "bubble" of emulsion exposed by the present expandable emulsion exposure system, and film media product(s), may be selectively similar in curvature and spherical shape to that of the eventual screen on which the visuals will be displayed, reducing need for familiar extreme optical impositions and reconverting (distorting) of visual data for recording and screening from two-dimensional filmed images, and images screened from film.

[0034] Also, as noted above with regard to currently pending patent applications to the inventor of the present patent application, double-sided emulsion is provided that increases recording ability without increasing the need for additional media by footage, (including film stock,) and associated costs, or to capture secondary images (such as differently focused, exposed or slightly differently positioned capture lens images) for recording on opposite sides of a strip, or joined strips of colloid or other emulsion bearing (or embodying) materials.

[0035] Preferably, emulsion bearing or embodying film, whether of celluloid, plastic or other expandable or selectively elastic material, is provided. Further, such elastic type of "film" is selectively able to record latent photographic images on both sides of the surface, with each side being selectively expandable. Thus the elasticity of the "film" is selectively able to occur in two directions, relative to the normal film plane, or normal flat surface of the "film" when not in the expanded position. Such position selectively appears a bubble, or selectively spherical expansion of the emulsion.

[0036] Further, a camera is preferably provided that is capable of recording visuals relayed through an optical system onto selectively a three-dimensional, or bubble-like emulsion surface(s). Further, devices are provided to record on both sides of selectably unexpanded "film" within the camera, thereby involving multiple film "gates" or image lay-down zones within the camera.

[0037] Moreover, the camera is selectively able to relay altered versions of the lens image (or other captured visual) to each separately exposed side of the emulsified material. This feature is useful for recording on a single side relative to the normal film plane, for example whether the single side is exposed or film repositioned to allow for the reverse side to also be exposed. The altered image versions may have different focusing priorities of the relayed lens image, may have different exposure times or f- stop (iris) settings during exposure, or may have offset lens captures, in case a plurality of lenses is used, of the scene being photographed. Other possible imposed variations of differences selectively imposed on the captured visuals relative to each other are envisioned herein.

[0038] Through horizontal recording of visuals on film stock and the option of such images serving only as key frames for enhancing final images selectively, smaller equipment and gauge sized film, photochemical or other recording media is provided to capture enhanced quality visuals, including to selectively capture visuals that embody the same or different versions of captured lens image(s), for selective secondary effects and/or aesthetic options not previously available in the prior art. Without an increase in a size of film stock or equipment, an increased number of visuals and of an increased emulsion surface area may be capture and stored, relative to typical prior art cameras and film stock familiar to the gauge size utilized. Further, additional options include that images recorded within film stock may provide information to affect final images of potentially much more image information, (affecting also quality and resolution,) while still not requiring additional media, (such as motion picture film stock,) in accomplishing the goals (individually or in tandem,) of additional provided overall images or increased image quality within final images derived from the film captures.

[0039] Moreover, an entirely new film stock product is provided by teachings herein, as well as equipment used to expose, manage and screen the film stock. This is possible, even though the gauge size and film configuration, whether recording on one or both sides of the film stock, can be unlike conventional film stock. For example, typical sprocket holes, familiar gauge sizes and other conventional aspects of film capture and screening may selectively not be involved in a new film "format" and imaging system, respective devices and methods as disclosed herein. Filmed images destined for digitizing for example, a preferred aspect of the present invention, render sprocketed film transport potentially unnecessary, other electronic means providing both transport and image registration selectably.

[0040] Moreover, the teachings herein involve an expansion of media in an opposite (concave) direction relative to the lens image. Furthermore, optics providing for maximum emulsion area exposed, in essence from the "inside" of the balloon (instead of exposing the outside of the expanded balloon).

[0041] Relative to the double emulsified film stock and image capture, subsequent, second "gate" can be provided for exposing the reverse side of the stock, (also bearing emulsion,) which may be a selectively photosensitive or other media capable of recording image information. This may result in the same or selectively altered versions of a single lens (or double lens, offset 3D scenario) onto both sides of a single film strip, selectively simultaneously or exposing in a staggered, or offset manner. Intermittent motion of the film to subsequent frames for exposure might best occur after a "frame" has been exposed on each' side of the double sided film, in the double sided configuration, selectively.

[0042] In yet another embodiment, a motion picture film camera is provided. The motion picture camera preferably captures visuals through a single, initial capture lens. Within the camera, the lens image may be selectively diverted and or divided (e.g., split), to allow for two separate relayings of all or part of the initial lens image.

[0043] In one embodiment, a mirror which may be operable to move, relays the lens image during a period of time selectively to additional lens elements for focusing, particularly in case focusing has not already been accomplished prior to the mirror diversion of the captured lens image/light.

[0044] In this embodiment, a first film "gate" to which a image is relayed is positioned offset relative to a typical position of a film gate. In one embodiment, the offset is approximately 90 degrees, or perpendicular to the typical position of a film gate. Thus, the mirror or other mirroring element(s) relays the captured lens image to a second gate during a predefined period of time. This second capture gate may also be offset, relative to a typical film gate position, and may also perpendicular, for example, to a typical prior art film gate position. However, it is possible in an alternative embodiment that the second capture gate is positioned directly opposite of the first offset gate.

[0045] The above-described embodiment preferably allows for mirrored or other image diversion elements to provide a full lens image to one gate and then the other for exposure of motion picture film, or other imaging means, (including, for example, charge coupled devices ("CCD") for electronic capture, or other electronic digitizing elements). In the embodiment using motion picture film, all or a portion of the lens image (e.g., if beam splitting is employed in lieu of full image diversion by mirrors or other elements) is relayed to the two film gates, positioned parallel to each other and selectively placed in direct or close contact. This allows a single strip of motion picture film, or celluloid, which may be provided with double-sided emulsion to travel through a single or modified double gate apparatus, for simultaneous or staggered exposure of the emulsion on the two primary surfaces of the single strip of celluloid or other emulsion coated medium.

[0046] Additionally, positioned downstream of the selective image diverter, a CCD may receive intermittently all, or intermittently or continually a portion of the original lens image as well, to allow for video assist viewing, or related similar monitor (electronic) viewing of images being captured for film or other media recording by the present camera and invention. Further, such electronic recording of the lens image may provide image information for additional digital image applications, related to the film captured images; including the option of allowing one of the capture media to provide key frame data at a selectably slower frame rate during capture than the other, whose image data may inform other aspects of final image data allocation and management.

[0047] A modified approach to using celluloid film may be employed by the teachings herein. For example, two strips of conventional film may be selectively joined or positioned. The celluloid strips may be thin and separated by an opaque layer or piece celluloid or other material. This minimizes an amount of material and weight necessary for color negative film, and reduces the capture of a maximum number and film frames of a selected gauge size, such as 35mm.

[0048] One advantage of the embodiment that includes a mirrored diversion, as described above, is that a single strip of modified celluloid may capture twice as much overall image information by employing offset film gate(s) to allow for both sides of the celluloid to be exposed from visuals (light) captured through a single lens.

[0049] Another advantage is that, in the embodiment including two gates, which may be positioned in parallel or opposite to each other, is that a captured lens image may be selectively relayed as is for recording the unmodified lens image to each of the "gates" or respective sides of the celluloid having different emulsion. Alternatively, the lens image may undergo selective secondary effects or modifications, such as additional optics providing different focusing priorities or other camera setting variations, for relaying the captured lens image multiple times.

[0050] In one embodiment, a capture lens is positioned at a selected focal length, for example five feet from the camera plane focusing selection, might relay a visual (e.g., an image) which is relayed for a period of time to a focusing optic unit, preferably within the camera housing, for recording onto film (or other recording means) as a ""near focused" visual. Thereafter, the mirror or other relaying devices may relay the lens image to a different focusing optic set up, to allow for that period of time for relaying of the lens image to undergo optical variation by way of a different focusing priority, such as "infinity." Alternatively, the same optics may be used that is selectively reset for another setting. This preferably allows for background focus, or background clarity in lieu of foreground clarity. Thus, in such a configuration, a single strip of celluloid might record twelve 35mm frames of film focused for "five feet" from the camera gate on one side of the film, while twelve frames of film (visuals) are recorded on the other emulsified side of the celluloid set with the infinity focusing priority. Naturally, 24 frames per second, twelve or virtually any other number of visuals per second might be recorded in this way, on both sides of the media having emulsion. [0051] Further, as images are preferably recorded horizontally, the selected emulsion width (and thus overall emulsion area related to each visual captured) need not be the same on both sides of the stock; variably wide film gates and differing optic configurations may allow also for this option. Further, the frame rates between images recorded by one film gate and the other, also need not be identical, depending on the objectives for the image versions captured on the respective sides of the strip of film stock relative to the final images for selectively display.

[0052] The example of multiple focus versions may be used for a special screening effect, such as three-dimensional effect or simply enhanced depth of field effects. Alternatively, the dual-sided film (celluloid) might simple be utilized to increase the material efficiency of the film capture process. Thus, for example, the amount of film stock by foot can be reduced, for example, by half for the same amount of image information captured. One benefit example of this result is a reduced weight of overall media necessary on a shoot, but that is only one example of many potential benefits of the increased efficiency. Other variations between the different relayings of the same lens image may allow for additional effects to be imposed on the visuals, such as different exposure settings, including how long the visuals are exposed to the film or other capture means, or how much light is let through, (iris or f- stop setting) variations, or the like, for selective other post production effects and applications provided by the present invention means and options.

[0053] Other configurations and/or embodiments may allow for the offset multiple gates embodiment to be provided as two film gates exposing only one surface of typical motion picture film, as opposed to the embodiment described above including a double- sided emulsion celluloid. In such a configuration, two gates may record, for example, altered versions of the same lens image (such as differently focused) on a single strip of celluloid each gate recording only on every other frame of the film. In post production, digital or other means to automatically delineate between the different recordings on the film or other media of the same lens image and subjected selectively to different secondary applications prior to being recorded in the emulsion. For example, different focusing priorities may be provided by differently set focusing optic(s) that may allow for a single strip of film to provide media allowing for distinct post production options that are applicable and unique to the teachings herein.

[0054] The ability to selectively capture the same or altered versions of a single captured lens image selectively on one or more surfaces of single-sided or double sided emulsified celluloid provides unique options that increase recording efficiency and provide additional post production and/or special effects options not otherwise possible using a typical, prior art motion picture camera and system.

[0055] Moreover, using a mirror and/or beam splitter to divert a lens image provides for different versions of a single lens image for film emulsion recording, or electronic recording including such options as digital CCD and the like, familiar to digital origination of visuals, such as with the CINE ALTA and other high definition digital cinema systems. Different media working in tandem to capture such versions is another provided option and range of configurations possible within the present invention. Thus, differently exposed or focused versions of the same lens image are recorded either simultaneously or selectively staggered over time. An option of recording visuals on one or both sides of a single strip of specially prepared celluloid (such as provide with double-sided emulsion) is further provided by the selective lens image diversion and dual film gate, as described herein.

[0056] Typical prior art projection may not be necessary to acquire an emulsion record of a lens image. For example, a single strip of celluloid which is manufactured to be easily "split" or separated into thinner (e.g., half the normal thickness of motion picture film) halves or sides, selectively separated by another layer such as an opaque protector (to ensure one side's exposure does not affect the other's emulsion or recording) may provide two celluloid records of a single lens image, utilizing no more celluloid that is conventional with normal 24 frames per second with 35 mm filming.

[0057] Preferably, emulsion is scanned and digitized for post production and subsequent work. Film origination on thinner, even possibly not projectable strips,( or thinner strips joined to form a more conventional width stock selectably with emulsion on two sides rather than the conventional one,) in no way compromises the integrity of the images captured in the emulsion(s). Thus, if a digital inter-negative approach is planned for a film, for example, the origination on atypical thin halves, such as in the dual-sided film emulsion configuration herein is fine, with the camera negative(s) simply providing a record for digitizing, and "projectable" film versions, (if final projection is not digital) come from subsequent printing of digitized versions of the camera negative(s) onto more conventional and projectable (for example) film print celluloid, such as typical release print stock.

[0058] Yet another feature includes a film containment unit familiar to film cameras, such as a "magazine," which is operable, for example, with conventional movie film cameras. The above-identified double-sided film, or celluloid which features and/or embodies photo-sensitive material on both of its respective surfaces (e.g., front and back) might be configured in a special magazine to allow for use in conventional film cameras.

[0059] In a PANA VISION camera, for example, a "disposable," or selectively reusable magazine might be provided, though this does not preclude a permanent or reloadable magazine application. In the reusable but not user reloadable configuration, for example, 1,000 feet of 35 mm film, may be configured within the magazine housing in a familiar "continual loop" scenario. Of course, one skilled in the art will recognize that any length of film and/or gauge size is applicable. This reusable or reloadable magazine is similar to typical prior art audio cassettes, that when turned over by a user, has tape that is positioned at the beginning once it has run fully through the length contained in the cassette, all tape having run over the magnetic head.

[0060] Instead of "replaying," the magazine described herein allows for "re- recording," onto the same celluloid or other emulsion or photo sensitive storage strip or media, by way of returning the stock to the same film gate, (in a selectably one gate film camera configuration. However, before "replaying," either manually or automatically, the film may be turned 180 degrees, (or otherwise manipulated to maintain unexposed emulsion to the gate until both sides are exposed, )to simply allow for the reverse side of photo sensitive "film" or other material to play through the entire length of the unexposed media contained in the magazine. This configuration enables running the entire length of the contained film twice, exposing the reverse side of the special, double emulsified media with two equally or selectively equal photo sensitive "sides" capable of recording latent, or other selected visuals capable of being stored by such media.

[0061] In a manual configuration, a compartment on the magazine, such as a pivoting door, may be opened by a user after the film stops or has otherwise reached its full usage length. A pin or other device selectively attached to the end, or other place on the film stock, might be "turned," selectively with a roller of other stabilizing device lowered to hold and maintain the integrity of the flipped film (or media) and to avoid the essential "loop" or turn just accomplished tram interfering with the proper running of the full length of film again, without jamming, interruption slowing or other undesired issues occurring. Such a "turn" of the film and configuration of the magazine's film contained, for running the length again in this loop configuration, may be accomplished selectively automatically as well, in a variety of known mechanical ways.

[0062] Preferably, the magazine is not different from typical prior art magazines in that the film loop which protrudes from the magazine, such as provided in PANA VISION cameras, is provided for easy loading. In the disposable configuration, the entire magazine can be sent for processing, wherein the two-sided film is separated or split after being processed and provided to the user as two processed strips of exposed film, approximately half the thickness of normal, familiar celluloid. Alternatively, the two- sided film processed after the splitting, or, the material is immediately digitized to avoid a need to handle the celluloid beyond the processor's plant. In yet another alternative, the "half thickness strips of exposed motion picture film may be married to another piece of celluloid or material, in order to return the visuals to the customer on a film stock product similar to that of normal film stock thickness. In this alternative, the media is combined with another transparent film, celluloid, or material thereby using the original camera negative. [0063] In yet another alternative, the media might be immediately "duped" or copied onto normal thickness film stock, thereby allowing the camera negative information on to typical prior art film stock quickly after processing due to potential issues with the thinner than usual originating media, or film.

[0064] Thus, as described above, typical, prior art film cameras using a modified magazine can allow for the typical length of film stock to provided double the recording media using the same amount weight and expense as in typical, prior art media.

[0065] The present invention is now further described with reference to the figures, in which like reference numerals represent like elements.

[0066] Fig. 1 illustrates an example configuration of an example embodiment, wherein a commonly "top" placed film magazine containment (similar to the PANAFLEX film camera systems) is coupled with a modified film camera threading and multi-gate film transport mechanism. As lens image 102 enters the camera through lens 104, image diversion or beam splitting module 106 provides all or a selected ratio of the lens image's overall light to at least two capture modules, including film gates 114 and 116. Film stock 108 enters the camera in this configuration from a top-of-camera vertical magazine position, though this magazine position is not essential and in fact a horizontal configuration would avoid film repositioning modules' necessity. Though, in the top, vertical magazine configuration of the camera aspect of the system, film stock 108 is turned, or repositioned, selectively 90 degrees, by film management and repositioning module (such as film transport roller(s)) 110, for providing stock 108 to two film gates 114 and 116, occurring on opposite sides of a single film containment or "strip," of selectively the same thickness and dimension as conventional photographic film media (such as typical 16mm and 35mm film stock.)

[0067] Image diversion means, such as mirrors 112 and 122, convey respective aspects of the lens image for recording onto stock 108 within gates 114, 116. The film now being provided horizontally enables images to be recorded of variable width, unlike vertically provided motion picture film stock or the like, which is limited by the width of the 35mm or 16mm stock, for example. Gates 114, 116 preferably have selective image dimension varying means, thereby allowing for selectively image width to be 2:35 to 1, (in one possible screen ratio option,) relative to film stock's 108 available emulsion recording areas height.

[0068] Film stock 120 represents a return of the exposed media to the magazine containment, (on top of the camera in this scenario,) after film repositioning module 118 (such as a film transport roller or similar mechanism) returns film stock 120 selectively 90° for proper positioning return to the selectively conventional film stock magazine.

[0069] Film stock 108 may, alternatively, be provided and film stock 120 returned in a reversed order. In this alternative, film stock 108 thus providing the film to gates 114, 116 and film stock 120 being the return of exposed stock to the magazine containment, such as in optional configurations.

[0070] Moreover, the present dual sided stock 108 configuration may be replaced in yet another alternative by dual gates 114, 116 positioned respectively for exposing two distinct strips of film by two separate distinct, potentially, although not necessarily in separate and distinct magazine containments. In such a configuration image diversion means 112 and 122 would be eliminated or modified to provide aspects of lens image 102 to gates 114, 116, repositioned to expose the separate rolls of film, as the rolls are individually transported into respective gates 114, 116 at the same or different frame rates, depending on the aesthetic goal choice, including, for example, whether key frames are being generated, whether there are multi-focal versions of the lens image being captured, or the like.

[0071] Film stock 108, 120 is preferably configured as a single strip of recordable media, including latent image storage within film emulsion, wherein emulsion is provided on both surfaces, and may indeed be a single emulsion bearing celluloid or other strip (or other shape) containment. Stock 108, 120 may also optionally be two thinner such strips combined, selectively separated by a selectively opaque or other divider which may not necessarily provide additional opacity between the emulsion layers, opposite each other.

[0072] Further, as indicated in the figures, an electronic capturer, including a video assist and potentially other digital capture device in case such a device not also function in the typical video assist role, may be provided as aspects of the lens image as well, either continually or in a selectively staggered or semi-staggered order relative to the lens image being diverted to other capture devices.

[0073] Moreover, film camera gates 114, 116 need not occur directly opposite of the other. Selectively, one gate 114 or 116 may receive the relayed lens image at a distance that is offset from the other gate, allowing for horizontal or vertical gate configurations. Alternatively, in a conventionally fed film configuration, such as in the PANA VISION pull-down, vertical stock camera configuration, gate 114 and/or 116 engages the stock 108 vertically, selectively recording relayed (e.g., diverted) original lens image as conventionally recorded vertical captures. Alternatively, optically turned images selectively can provide for larger images, for horizontal recording involving one or more gates 114, 116, on one side of the stock 108. In yet another alternative, such optically turned, for recording on vertically provided stock 108, (or horizontally recorded, selectively wide captures by way of variable image size film gates 114, 116,) allow for images of extreme potential resolution and overall information to be recorded horizontally within film stock, (90 degrees offset regular to convention motion picture image capture,) allowing selectively for as many frames per second to be captured as desired as such, though providing for the critical option of fewer than 24 frames per second and as few as one per second or even fewer, to provide key frame resolution and other image information in tandem with a secondary image capture means, such as an 24 fps electronic image capture derived from the same lens image selectively. Therein, one image capture approach may in tandem inform the other, toward final visuals that are improved in quality over typical, prior art film capture. [0074] For example, images captured at 24 frames per second, for example digitally (though not limited by any selected capture and image storage option), may provide relevant information about position of image aspects as they vary between the much more data rich, selectively, filmed (or otherwise captured, potentially an alternate electronic capture means for example,) at a slower rate. Such key frames information allocation within final images, for example, 24 per second final images, may be at least improved or required in the digital inferring, including the options of existing digital morphing means between images, the other image capture data record in one aspect to inform final images in the reallocation of the potentially far more data rich, and including otherwise selective image origination medium aspects, such as qolor response of film relative to electronic capture, key frame information as its aspects shifted in position as seen through the camera lens, for example, between available recorded key frames. This includes the option of camera configurations involving the creation of high resolution, horizontally recorded filmed images capable of providing, for example, 15k, 20k or higher based on emulsion area for imparting to final images, selectively informed by more frequent captures per second provided by a separate selectively less data intensive capturing device receiving aspects of the same lens image selectively. Selectively, even an electronic video assist capturing device may provide such information in certain configurations, allowing existing and conventional film camera lens image relaying means to such a capture device to serve both an "off line" and an "on line" purpose.

[0075] Fig. 2 illustrates a partially exaggerated configuration of a double-sided emulsion film stock. The example shown in Fig. 2 is specific to the stock in the two- strips of thinner stock "married" to become a selectively usual thickness of a selected film stock gauge size, as that stock is "split" for separate use, be that photochemical processing, or selectively, digitization of images within the stock already processed. Further, another configuration of the double sided stock innovation would selectively maintain the stock as a single unit, with emulsion having been coated respective to opposite sides; in such a configuration, photochemical processing system aspect and film digitization or other scanning system aspects, would be modified selectively to manage the existence of distinct images on both sides of the emulsion containment strip. In such a configuration, it is potentially necessary that the digitization means be a reflective scanning approach, as with images being maintained on both sides 204 and 208 of the strip, projecting light through would not provide a single discernable image likely. Further, in such a singly maintained strip configuration of the double-sided emulsioned stock, a selectively opaque dividing layer 206 between the processed emulsions may be selectively included, to allow for reflective image scanning, without bleed through of images on the opposite side of said film stock strip.

[0076] As exaggerated cross section of film stock 202 is transported in Fig. 2, at a selective stage during management of the film stock after exposure of said stock, the option of film affecting modules 210, 212 dividing the once married strips of stock that together comprise selectively a conventional film stock width; along with selective other aspects that may need be incorporated such as potential opaque dividing layer within film stock 206.

[0077] Distinct and divided film stock strips 214 and 216 then are transported for further use by the system, for example by further film transport aspects, including options such as film transport rollers or other means, 218 and 220. These distinct, thinner-than- conventional strips of stock are thus now available potentially for digitizing or other image conveying means involving light being transmitted through the processed stock, unlike the scenario where the two emulsions are maintained throughout on one strip, or containment aspect.

[0078] Further important is the optional configuration and versatility of the present invention to record within the separate side emulsions of the present invention, selectively different image sizes, one emulsion relative to the other. For example, should a key frame relating to, for example, foreground action captured by the camera lens be primary and more important creatively than other lens information aspects, this key frame may selectively occupy, for example, much more emulsion than for example, smaller (and thus lesser image resolution and quality) film captures potentially captured on the opposite side at the same or a different image capture frame rate. To maintain equal length of the emulsions relative to their captures of the lens image information, selectively a key frame capture may, for example, occupy three times as wide and emulsion length as, for example, differently focused or optically affected aspects of the lens image capture being relayed to emulsion on the opposite side of the strip, during capture.

[0079] Fig. 3, illustrates a modified configuration of the camera shown in Fig. 1, wherein the addition of optic aspects 316 and 334 selectively allow for distinct versions of the aspects of the original lens image relayed to them, to be further relayed on to their respective film gates 322 and 324 for recording within stock 338. As described in pending U.S. Patent Application, Serial No. 11/447,406 relating to multidimensional image capture and screening, herein is illustrated the distinct capture within film, (and important to mention other capture devices such as electronic ones may certainly replace the film capture aspects,) of selectively focused or otherwise optically affected versions of the lens image, on opposite sides of a double emulsioned film stock. Further, said optional recording of images of different overall size, including those of different dimension is maintained, as is the option of recording on opposite sides at selectively different frame rates, depending on the aesthetic objectives of the application intent of the present invention, for which there are a number of possibilities, including multidimensional imaging, increased resolution of film capture images selectively involving key frame captures within emulsion selectively larger size on said emulsion than conventionally captured 35mm, 16mm or other gauge size captures.

[0080] Again, in the instance of two strips being transported from two distinct rolls for exposure to aspects of a single lens image, (or two lenses' images working in tandem to capture the same scene for a selected purpose related to the present invention,) the option of different frame rate exposure and transport is more versatile, unless (in one example instance) available emulsion is wasted on at least one side to maintain the image captures' consistency relative to their placement on the film strip overall, relative to the time around which the lens image was relayed and captured. Such as described in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 11/408,389, magnetic stripe or visual coding means may also provide image capture reference, especially in the case of film which is later divided and managed separately, for selectively automatic referencing and cross referencing of each distinct image capture within the emulsions; and further selective with regards to every film image capture in relation to at least on related electronic image capture selectively having originated through the same original camera lens.

[0081] Figs. 4A-44E and 5A-5C illustrate some selected potential configurations 402, 404, 406, 408, 410, 502, 504 and 506, respectively, of camera aspects of the present invention, relative to single gate and multiple gate, and single emulsioned and double emulsioned (2 sided stock capable of storing images on both sides of a celluloid or other containment strip,) and including selectively electronic image capture means through the same camera(s) for selected production purposes, including aesthetic image objectives and post production image manipulation and management options.

[0082] Fig. 6 illustrates a left side elevational view illustrating a selectively convex configuration for augmenting overall image recording emulsion area and potentially increasing image quality, (including aspects such as resolution). Herein, both a potential modified film camera capture and transport gate and potential modified projection unit film gate and also potential modified telecine or datacine or other image scanning means specifically relating to such a unit's target scan area of film stock being transported relative to a selectively fixed scanning components, in this instance related to the scanning of motion picture film but not limited to such media, providing the broader application potential of "digital scanning" or more broadly, "visual scanning," herein.

[0083] In the preferred demonstration of the variable or "expandable" film stock, the film camera configuration will be utilized, not foregoing the application of the film affecting means, purpose and benefit relative to the other modified system aspects listed, including projection and image scanning (or digitalization).

[0084] Continuing with reference to Fig. 6, camera gate configuration 610 provides an emulsion bearing, selectively expandable strip or film containment into position (or receives it via other film transporting components) for film expansion affecting device 606 to affect, once intermittent transport has rested selectively. Herein, the preferred use of air or other compressed gas selectively, allow for a selectively strong affecting force to alter the shape and size of the surface area of, for example, a typical 35 mm film frame (though in no way limited to affecting conventionally sized or shaped media, such as film stock and frames.) Alternate means may include a literal object of the desired expansion shape and size selectively, for example, to physically "push" or move the still frame or expandable celluloid, plastic or other medium, into expansion perimeter component 608 selectively, providing the benefit of a spherical or other three dimensional shape to the emulsion layer. Selectively, the emulsion itself may be originally provided in a more dense layer onto unexpanded media, or selectively coated onto the stock during an expansion of the medium to embody the emulsion, during creation of the film stock.

[0085] Expansion perimeter component 608 also represents alternatively, in the compressed air configuration, a transparent of otherwise light transmissible form, (such as glass or plastic or material related to lensing and such light transmissible imaging products.) This form would restrict the maximum expansion of such three-dimensional film stock, or other media, and selectively maintain a consistent size and shape to the images during exposure, to the camera lens image for example. (Also, such means may provide similar consistent image management and reproduction means during later aspects of the system, including selectively the mentioned film processing stage(s) and selective film scanning or digitizing stage(s.)

[0086] Light 604 provides the lens image by way selectively of optics uniquely provided and positioned to get, for example, the most image quality advantage from the larger, selectively spherical emulsion layer (during exposure.) During projection of images resulting from film stock 602, light 604 is transmitted through the exposed and expandable stock, or images resulting therefrom.

[0087] Furthermore, expanded film frames provided by way of the stock and camera configuration(s) described herein may not necessarily be exposed at conventional media recording frame rates, such as 24 fps. Again, in a camera where key frames are morphed between a lesser number of images per second, or further informed by a secondary image capture of the lens image at a higher frame rate, (such as a digital capture unit providing 24 images per second to an electronic recording means,) the expanded film emulsion captures might be exposed as few times as 1 per second, or potentially even slower (or slightly faster, etc.) Therein, the attributes that one seeks from the increased film emulsion area are provided, namely the color and discreet image capture impression and aesthetic of film, and also including among such attributes the potentially very high overall image information (and thus selectively resulting resolution and data size of digitized images from such key frames, including frames that may have expandability when coupled with such cameras with intermittent expansion affecting means, of a selectable type.

[0088] Further, whether convex of concave, or otherwise altered to use three dimensions to provide a modified recording surface, including ones such as film emulsion, the present invention provides in this aspect a system that address selectably aesthetic and image quality issues, alone or in tandem. The increased surface area of the film emulsion, which when initially coated must be done so to provide typical overall emulsion density, for example, in the expanded position of each selected frame of the specialized stock. The "aesthetic" issues, include for example, the option of exposing images typically provided to a two dimensional storage surface, within a three dimensional altered surface (such as one including photographic emulsion,) for subsequent display on screen(s) which may be similar to, exact in dimension to, or aesthetically related to the spherical or otherwise "expanded" shape and size of the storage medium, such as film stock with emulsion, when at the full selected, and potentially variable, expansion shape during image capture, by way of this variable recording media (such as expandable or "elastic" film stock,) aspect of the present invention.

[0089] Thus, as described herein, an augmentation of recording media without altering film gauge size or quantity in film capture is provided. [0090] Although the present invention has been described in relation to particular embodiments thereof, many other variations and modifications and other uses will become apparent to those skilled in the art. It is preferred, therefore, that the present invention not be limited by the specific disclosure herein.

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. A system for increasing image information storage capacity within available media involving film camera capture including: a strip of photographic emulsion bearing media having at least two surfaces, and wherein two of the at least two surfaces are provided with emulsion; a camera having a lens, wherein the camera exposes aspects of a lens gathered image on at least two surfaces of said emulsion bearing recording media, and further wherein at least light is gathered and relayed by said lens; a lens image relaying device wherein at least some of the light gathered by the lens is relayed to one or more image capture devices; a film processor for processing the film stock bearing emulsion on the two surfaces; and an imaging device for providing electronic image data from the processed emulsion bearing recording media.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the emulsion bearing recording media includes celluloid.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein the imaging device is a scanner.

4. The system of claim 1, wherein the camera records the two surfaces of the emulsion bearing recording media as a function of multiple film gates within said camera, each receiving diverted aspects of the lens image.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein the camera is operable to expose a first complete surface of the film stock, and, thereafter, the second complete surface of the film stock, in sequence.

6. The system of claim 1, wherein the camera exposes at least one frame of emulsion exposed on the first surface, and, thereafter, exposes at least frame of emulsion exposed on the second surface prior to additional exposing of the first surface.

7. The system of claim 1, wherein the camera exposes both surfaces of the film stock simultaneously.

8. The system of claim 1, wherein the camera transports the film stock from a magazine containment, wherein the stock is repositioned for horizontal exposure of a selectable amount of emulsion, in part as a function of the film gates.

9. The system of claim 8, wherein each of the film gates are offset relative to the path of the lens gathered image as initially relayed.

10. The system of claim 8, wherein the magazine containment provides the film stock initiallyvertically to the camera, relative to the lens.

11. The system of claim 8, wherein the magazine containment is positioned above the lens relative to the entire camera.

12. The system of claim 8, wherein the magazine containment provides the film stock horizontally to the camera.

13. The system of claim 8, wherein the magazine containment provides a portion of the film stock to the camera for exposure, and the portion of the film stock is returned to the magazine containment following exposure.

14. The system of claim 1, wherein the camera provides aspects of the lens image for electronic capture at least while the film capture aspects of the camera are engaged, to transport and expose the emulsion bearing media.

15. The system of claim 14, wherein the electronic capture occurs at a selectively different frame rate from the at least one film capture occurring within at least one film gate.

16. The system of claim 1, wherein the two surfaces of the film stock selectively are provided with images for recording within the emulsion at selectively different frame rates.

17. The system of claim 4, wherein said film stock gates function at least in part to position the film stock for exposure to aspects of the lens image,including a variable exposure area selectable by a user.

18. The system of claim 17, wherein the user is further provided options of exposing aspects of images derived from the lens image as variably sized images, relative to at least the amount of emulsion exposed or ratio of the exposure area, and at least in part as a function of at least one of the film gates.

19. The system of claim 4, wherein the gates function in part to position the film stock for recording key frame images to be used in affecting a selectable plurality of other images, wherein the other images include images related to an electronic capture.

20. The system of claim 19, wherein the final selectable frame rate of the electronic capture includes one of twenty-four frames per second and final images affected by image information related to the key frame images also are provided at a frame rate including one of twenty-four frames per second.

21. The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one of the two surfaces of the film stock receive aspects of the lens gathered image that have been independently varied, including by optical or electronic means.

22. The system of claim 21 , wherein the at least one of the two surfaces of the film stock receive aspects of the lens gathered image that have been affected by separate focusing impositions, including those imposed optically.

23. An expandable emulsion photographic system including: an expandable recording medium having photographic emulsion; a film camera that includes: a film gate; at least one optical element; a recording medium expanding device; a film processor; and a recordable medium containment, wherein the expanding device is operable to manage the expandable medium, and further wherein the expanding device is operable to expand the expandable medium to position the emulsion relative to the optical elements for providing an initially captured lens image for latent image storage within a selectively optimal quantity of the emulsion.

24. The system of claim 23, wherein the expandable medium expands prior to photographic exposure of the emulsion.

25. The system of claim 23, wherein the expanding device includes a convex or a concave semi-circular restriction element that restricts the expanded shape of the expandable medium relative to the optical elements.

26. The system of claim 23, wherein the expandable medium expands during photographic processing of the emulsion.

27. The system of claim 23, wherein the expandable medium expands at least during light transmission, for projection or electronic scanning, through the emulsion following said processing.

28. The system of claim 23, wherein the emulsion is contained within or on the expandable medium.