EP1889275B1 - Electric circuit switching device using a movable toroidal magnet - Google Patents

Electric circuit switching device using a movable toroidal magnet Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1889275B1
EP1889275B1 EP06763489A EP06763489A EP1889275B1 EP 1889275 B1 EP1889275 B1 EP 1889275B1 EP 06763489 A EP06763489 A EP 06763489A EP 06763489 A EP06763489 A EP 06763489A EP 1889275 B1 EP1889275 B1 EP 1889275B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
permanent magnet
actuating button
moving
switch
main axis
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP06763489A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1889275A1 (en
Inventor
Dominique Benni
Laurent Chiesi
Benoît Grappe
Mathias Lamien
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Publication of EP1889275A1 publication Critical patent/EP1889275A1/en
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Publication of EP1889275B1 publication Critical patent/EP1889275B1/en
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H36/00—Switches actuated by change of magnetic field or of electric field, e.g. by change of relative position of magnet and switch, by shielding
    • H01H36/0006—Permanent magnet actuating reed switches
    • H01H36/004—Permanent magnet actuating reed switches push-button-operated, e.g. for keyboards
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H5/00—Snap-action arrangements, i.e. in which during a single opening operation or a single closing operation energy is first stored and then released to produce or assist the contact movement
    • H01H5/02—Energy stored by the attraction or repulsion of magnetic parts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H36/00—Switches actuated by change of magnetic field or of electric field, e.g. by change of relative position of magnet and switch, by shielding
    • H01H2036/0093—Micromechanical switches actuated by a change of the magnetic field
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H36/00—Switches actuated by change of magnetic field or of electric field, e.g. by change of relative position of magnet and switch, by shielding
    • H01H36/0006—Permanent magnet actuating reed switches
    • H01H36/006—Permanent magnet actuating reed switches comprising a plurality of reed switches, e.g. selectors or joystick-operated

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a switching device of an electrical circuit comprising an actuating button movable in translation, acting by magnetic effect on a switch to switch the electrical circuit.
  • the invention more particularly relates to a switching device that can be used as a pushbutton or position switch.
  • He is known by the patent US 3,921,108 a push button-type assembly comprising an actuating member movable in translation between a rest position and a working position and able to set in motion a permanent magnet housed in the push-button.
  • the permanent magnet is mounted on a curved leaf spring on which the actuating member acts.
  • the permanent magnet is capable of controlling a switch by magnetic effect to switch an electrical circuit. The position of the permanent magnet relative to the switch makes it possible to close or open the electrical circuit.
  • the actuating member is at rest, the permanent magnet is away from the switch and has no influence on it, the electric circuit is open.
  • the actuating member is depressed, the permanent magnet is approached from the switch, bringing two flexible blades of the switch closer together and thus closing the electrical circuit.
  • the document US 3,283,274 discloses a push-button type switching device comprising a reed switch also called “reed” operated by an annular mobile permanent magnet secured to an actuating button.
  • the pressure on the actuating button makes it possible to drive the moving permanent magnet in translation around the reed switch to a position in which, by a magnetic effect, it causes the two flexible blades to be brought together to drive the closing an electrical circuit.
  • the return to the initial position of the actuating button can be achieved by disposing an annular fixed permanent magnet in opposition to the moving permanent magnet.
  • the document US3260821 discloses a push-button type switch which comprises a magnetic "reed" type sensor, an actuating rod carrying a first torus-shaped magnet surrounding the sensor and movable between two positions to change the state of the sensor and a second permanent magnet in magnetic coupling with a fixed permanent magnet shaped torus to ensure the return to position of the actuating rod.
  • the fixed permanent magnet is for example in the form of a torus while the second movable permanent magnet is inserted into the fixed permanent magnet for ensure the return to position of the actuating rod.
  • the document US3452307 describes a switching device comprising a rod on which is fixed a pair of permanent magnets, and two "reed" type switches positioned outside the device. This type of switch switches when approaching a permanent magnet. Therefore, in the rest position, the magnet must be sufficiently far from the switch not to cause its switching. This results in space constraints in height or length.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a switching device of an electrical circuit adapted to switch miniature switches and having a compact structure, simple operation and giving the user a significant tactile effect.
  • the moving permanent magnet and the fixed permanent magnet have different dimensions, preferably just sufficient to obtain easy sliding of one of the magnets with respect to the other. These dimensions are determined so as to obtain by simple arrangement between the magnets, a sudden transformation effect, also called blistering effect, when the actuating button is depressed.
  • the moving permanent magnet is a torus and the fixed permanent magnet is a disk.
  • the disk-shaped fixed permanent magnet has an outer diameter smaller than the internal diameter of the torus formed by the permanent magnet movable so as to be circumscribed by the movable permanent magnet.
  • the movable permanent magnet and the fixed permanent magnet are each in the shape of a torus.
  • One torus then has an outer diameter less than the inner diameter of the other torus.
  • the fixed permanent magnet has an outer diameter smaller than the internal diameter of the moving permanent magnet.
  • annular fixed ferromagnetic piece is mounted on the body around the fixed permanent magnet.
  • the ferromagnetic part has for example a diameter substantially greater than the outer diameter of the movable permanent magnet. This ferromagnetic part is used to optimize the position of the abrupt transformation threshold of the moving permanent magnet relative to the fixed permanent magnet.
  • the device comprises a mechanical stop of the actuating button in the working position, said mechanical stop being positioned to maintain a repulsive magnetic effect between the fixed permanent magnet and the moving permanent magnet whatever the position. the actuation button.
  • the device comprises a magnetic retaining device of the actuating button requiring a minimum effort to exert on the actuating button to begin its movement.
  • the retaining device comprises two ferromagnetic parts cooperating when the actuating button is in the rest position, a first part being mounted on the actuating button and a second part being mounted on the body of the device.
  • the retaining device according to the invention makes it possible to dispense with elastic parts in deformation and also gives a particular tactile effect to the user since a minimum force must be exerted to take off the two ferromagnetic parts.
  • the mobile permanent magnet is therefore in magnetic interaction both with the fixed permanent magnet for its return to initial position and to obtain the blistering effect but also with the ferromagnetic part of the restraint.
  • the particular tactile sensation experienced by the user during a pressure on the actuating member therefore results from the combination between the magnetic effect of repulsion and the blistering effect exerted between the moving permanent magnet and the fixed permanent magnet and the magnetic attraction effect exerted between the movable permanent magnet and the ferromagnetic part of the retainer. This tactile sensation is not likely to deteriorate over time since it is achieved simply by the combination of these different magnetic effects.
  • the senor is sensitive to the variation of the magnetic field generated during the approach of the moving permanent magnet. From a threshold of magnetic field intensity, the sensor controls the switching of the electrical circuit.
  • the sensor is an electrical switch comprising a movable element controlled by magnetic effect to switch the electrical circuit between two positions, an open position of the electrical circuit and a closed position of said electrical circuit.
  • the movable element is offset with respect to the main axis.
  • the magnetic field created by the mobile permanent magnet is used to force the movable element of the switch to assume a position.
  • the tilting of the movable element between its two positions is achieved by employing the two directions of the magnetic field lines generated by the toroid-shaped mobile permanent magnet, on either side of its median plane.
  • the closure of the electrical circuit made by magnetic effect makes it possible to make the ohmic contact resistance independent of the force exerted by the operator. This resistance is perfectly reproducible at each button operation.
  • the mobile element is a pivoting membrane mounted on a substrate and carrying at one of its ends an electrical contact establishing the electrical junction between two fixed contacts disposed on the substrate when the membrane is in the closed position. of the electrical circuit.
  • the device may comprise several switches offset with respect to the main axis, for example juxtaposed or arranged symmetrically with respect to the main axis.
  • the switches are for example arranged symmetrically with respect to the main axis.
  • the switching device comprises a magnetic shielding device which makes it possible to protect it from the influence of an external magnetic field and to confine the magnetic field produced by the permanent magnets inside the device.
  • This shielding device may be composed of ferromagnetic parts covering the inner wall of the body of the device.
  • the switching device is used as push button or position switch.
  • the switching device 1 is a push-button comprising a body 10, for example cylindrical, introduced into an opening formed through a wall P.
  • An actuating button 3 is mounted to move in translation along the main axis ( A) in said body 10.
  • the actuating button 3 can take a rest position ( figure 1 , left part G) and a working position ( figure 1 , right part D) in which it is embedded in the body 10.
  • the device also comprises a sensor sensitive to the magnetic field.
  • This sensor can be Hall effect sensitive to a threshold of magnetic field strength to switch an electrical circuit. Hall effect sensors are well known, so they are not described in this application.
  • the sensor may also be a switch 2 of the electrical circuit type "reed” or MEMS type fixed on a support 11 integral with the body 10 and housed therein. Electrodes 12 of the electrical circuit to be switched, integral with the support 11, extend downwards from the device 1.
  • the sensor shown in the figures is a switch 2 of the MEMS type having a movable element mounted on a plane substrate 4 and consisting of a miniature ferromagnetic membrane 20 provided with a part made of ferromagnetic material. It can be realized in planar MEMS ("Micro ElectroMechanical System") type technology or in printed circuit board ("Printed Circuit Board”) or "flex printed circuit board” (“flexible printed circuit board”) laminating technology.
  • Several identical switches 2 may be arranged on the same substrate 4, for example juxtaposed or symmetrically with respect to the main axis (A), or mounted on the support 11 so as to form a matrix or a combination of switches normally open and normally closed.
  • the switches 2 are for example connected in parallel in the electric circuit.
  • the printed circuit board on which the switch 2 is mounted can receive a light-emitting diode 14.
  • the actuating button 3 will be made of transparent plastic, for example.
  • the membrane 20 carries a movable contact 21 adapted to come electrically connect two fixed contacts 41, 42 disposed on the substrate 4, when in a low position closing the electrical circuit.
  • the membrane 20 of the switch 2 can be controlled by a magnetic effect to pivot about an axis of rotation (R) perpendicular to the main axis (A) between a high opening position of the electrical circuit ( figure 3B ) and its low closing position of the electric circuit ( figure 3A ). It is connected to an anchor stud 23 for example by means of two arms 22a, 22b biased in flexion.
  • R axis of rotation
  • A main axis
  • a movable permanent magnet 5 in the form of a torus is mounted integral with the actuating button 3 and axially in the body 10 of the switching device 1.
  • the toroidal shape of the movable permanent magnet 5 has particular advantages in terms of construction and arrangement.
  • the switch 2 is disposed offset from the main axis (A) so as to be under the influence of a half-portion of the toroidal permanent magnet and can be arranged around the main axis (A), inside the torus ( figure 1 ) or outside the torus (not shown).
  • the device comprises several switches 2, these are all offset with respect to the main axis (A) and can be distributed circularly inside or outside the torus formed by the moving permanent magnet 5.
  • the magnetization direction of the toroidal permanent magnet follows a direction parallel to the main axis (A) and the magnetic field vector M parallel to the magnetization direction is oriented conventionally in the South-North direction, for example up on the figure 1 .
  • the magnetic field created by the moving permanent magnet 5 is designated M.
  • the magnetic field M created by the moving permanent magnet 5 has field lines L whose direction requires the membrane 20 to be in a position, for example in a low position ( Figure 4A ), corresponding to the closing of the electric circuit.
  • the movable permanent magnet 5 comprises a median plane which is perpendicular to its direction of magnetization and under which the membrane 20 is in a position, for example its low position ( Figures 3A and 4A ), and above which the membrane 20 is in its other position, for example its high position ( Figures 3B and 4B ).
  • the depression of the actuating button 3 to its working position thus causes a change of vertical position of the moving permanent magnet 5, which makes it possible to reverse the direction of the magnetic field lines seen by the membrane 20.
  • the magnetic field M has L field lines whose direction requires the membrane 20 to switch to its upper position corresponding for example to the opening of the electrical circuit.
  • the return of the actuating button 3 from its working position to its rest position can be achieved by a return device such as for example a return spring 13 mounted on the body 10 of the device 1 and against which is supported by the actuating button 3.
  • a return device such as for example a return spring 13 mounted on the body 10 of the device 1 and against which is supported by the actuating button 3.
  • FIG. 1 An improvement of a switching device represented in figure 1 consists of inserting a fixed permanent magnet into the body of the device.
  • the figure 5 shows a switching device 1 'bearing this improvement. This addition only improves the tactile sensation when pressing the actuating button 3.
  • the fixed permanent magnet 60 and the movable permanent magnet both have the shape of a torus.
  • the fixed permanent magnet 60 has an outer diameter (defined by the radius r1) smaller than the internal diameter (defined by the radius R1) of the moving permanent magnet 5, preferably slightly smaller than the internal diameter (R1) of the permanent magnet mobile 5.
  • the two permanent magnets 5, 60 are mounted coaxially around the main axis (A) and have the same direction of magnetization and opposite directions of magnetization so as to create between them a magnetic effect of repulsion to solicit the moving permanent magnet 5 and thus the actuating button 3 to its rest position.
  • the fixed permanent magnet 60 With respect to the moving permanent magnet 5 in the rest position of the actuating button 3, the fixed permanent magnet 60 is located on the other side of the support 11 of the switch 2.
  • the fixed permanent magnet 60 is positioned relative to the switch 2 so as not to participate in the actuation of the membrane 20 regardless of the position of the actuating button 3 (see Figures 6A and 6B ).
  • Such a configuration with two permanent magnets 5, 60 of different dimensions able to slide relative to each other makes it possible to generate a sudden transformation effect, also called a blistering effect when the actuating button 3 is depressed.
  • This blistering effect is achieved by magnetic effect between the two permanent magnets 5, 60 when the moving permanent magnet 5 approaches the fixed permanent magnet 60.
  • a blistering effect provides the user with a significant tactile effect during the depression. 3.
  • the actuating button 3 is driven rapidly to the end. race.
  • the abrupt transformation the force felt by the user decreases sharply. The abrupt transformation gives the user a particular tactile impression and guarantees the exercise of a minimum force to switch the electrical circuit.
  • FIGS 6A and 6B show the magnetic interaction produced between the two permanent magnets 5, 60 during the depression of the actuating button 3.
  • the field lines L 'generated by the fixed permanent magnet 60 do not influence the operation of the switch 2 and that the membrane 20 of the switch is tilted between its two positions by aligning with the field lines L of the movable permanent magnet 5 only.
  • annular ferromagnetic piece 90 can be mounted at the bottom of the body 10, around the fixed permanent magnet 60, coaxially with the two permanent magnets 5, 60.
  • This ferromagnetic piece 90 has an outer diameter slightly greater than the outer diameter (defined by the radius R2 on the figure 5 ) of the movable permanent magnet 5. It has an L-shaped cross section, the horizontal branch of which corresponds, for example, to the thickness of the torus of the moving permanent magnet 5 and whose vertical branch corresponds, for example, to the height of the fixed permanent magnet 60.
  • a stroke / effort diagram illustrating the variation of the force to be supplied as a function of the stroke of the actuating button is represented in FIG. figure 7 .
  • the stroke represents the distance between the moving permanent magnet 5 and the fixed permanent magnet 60.
  • the curve V1 illustrates the operation of the device without the ferromagnetic part 90 and the curve V2 illustrates the operation of the device with the ferromagnetic part 90. From of the curve V1, it is noted that the maximum of the force to be supplied before the abrupt transformation occurs when the stroke is negative, that is to say when the moving permanent magnet 5 is in a position in which it includes less partially fixed permanent magnet 60.
  • a mechanical stop 15 may be provided on the body 10 of the device so as to maintain a magnetic repulsion effect between the two permanent magnets 5, 60 regardless of the position of the actuating button 3. This stop 15 makes it possible to avoid that the moving permanent magnet 5 comes completely circumscribing the fixed permanent magnet 60 and thus canceling the magnetic effect of repulsion between the two magnets 5, 60. Thus, the actuating button 3 is always driven towards its rest position by simple magnetic effect without resorting to a mechanical return member.
  • the return device consisting of two permanent magnets 5, 60 in opposition to the figure 5 can be completed by a magnetic retaining device of the actuating button 3 composed of two ferromagnetic parts 7, 8 contiguous when the actuating button 3 is at rest ( figure 5 ).
  • a first ferromagnetic part 7 is mounted on the actuating button 3 and a second ferromagnetic part 8 is mounted on the body 10 of the device 1. These two parts 7, 8 define between them a variable air gap depending on the position of the button.
  • the first ferromagnetic part 7 integral with the actuating button 3 may be composed for example of an annular plate.
  • the second ferromagnetic part 8 has for example a cylindrical shape at least partially lining the lateral internal wall of the body 10 and having a reentrant collar at its upper edge.
  • the actuation button When the actuation button is at rest ( figures 1 and 5 , left part), the first part 7 abuts against the re-entrant flange of the second ferromagnetic part 8. A minimal force exerted on the actuating button 3 is therefore necessary to separate the two ferromagnetic parts 7, 8 and to take off. actuating button 3 of the body 10 of the device 1, thus giving the user a particular tactile effect when the button 3 is depressed.
  • the tactile effect made by the retaining device can be modified by varying in particular the overlap surface of the two ferromagnetic parts 7, 8 when the actuating button 3 is in the rest position.
  • the magnetic shielding can be made at least partly by the two ferromagnetic parts 7, 8 of the retaining device and by the ferromagnetic part 90 surrounding the fixed permanent magnet.
  • the magnetic shielding can also be achieved by the body 10 and the actuating button 3 which are then made of ferromagnetic materials.
  • the retaining device can be replaced or supplemented by a prestressed elastic structure 6 forming a blistering effect when the actuating button 3 is depressed.
  • the elastic structure 6 is subjected to abrupt transformation quickly causing the actuating button 3 at the end of the race. During the abrupt transformation, the force felt by the user decreases sharply. The abrupt transformation gives the user a particular tactile impression and guarantees the exercise of a minimum force to switch the electrical circuit.
  • the elastic structure 6 can play the role of waterproof membrane and the role of spring to return the actuating button to its rest position, thus completely replacing the return spring 13 or completing the action of the return spring 13.
  • the radial symmetry of the toroidal permanent magnet allows a circular distribution of several switches 2 in the same device 1.
  • the switches 2 may be juxtaposed or for example arranged symmetrically with respect to the main axis (A ).
  • the switches 2 are placed around the main axis (A), inside or outside the torus. So that the magnetic field M created by the permanent magnet 5 has an influence on the movable element of the switches 2 in each of the positions of the button 3, the set of switches 2 must be offset relative to the main axis (A ).
  • the orientation of the switch 2 with respect to the magnetic field M created by the permanent magnet 5 makes it possible to configure it "normally open” or "normally closed”. This means that when the actuating button 3 is in its rest position, depending on its orientation with respect to the magnetic fields, the membrane 20 can be in the up position ( figure 3B ) or in the low position ( figure 3A ).

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Abstract

The invention relates to an electric circuit switching device (1) comprising a translationally movable actuating button (3), which acts by magnetic effect on a switch (2) provided with an element movable between two positions for switching the electrical circuit. A movable permanent magnet (5) forming a magnetic field (M) is translationally connectable to the actuating button (3). In the rest position of the actuating button (3), the magnetic field (M) forces the movable element to take the other of the two positions thereof. The permanent magnet (5) is characterised in that it is shaped in the form of a torus. The inventive switching device (1) can be used, in particular, in a form of a push button or a position switch.

Description

La présente invention se rapporte à un dispositif de commutation d'un circuit électrique comportant un bouton d'actionnement mobile en translation, agissant par effet magnétique sur un interrupteur pour commuter le circuit électrique. L'invention concerne plus particulièrement un dispositif de commutation pouvant être utilisé comme bouton-poussoir ou interrupteur de position.The present invention relates to a switching device of an electrical circuit comprising an actuating button movable in translation, acting by magnetic effect on a switch to switch the electrical circuit. The invention more particularly relates to a switching device that can be used as a pushbutton or position switch.

Il est connu par le brevet US 3,921,108 un ensemble de type bouton-poussoir comportant un organe d'actionnement mobile en translation entre une position de repos et une position de travail et apte à mettre en mouvement un aimant permanent logé dans le bouton-poussoir. L'aimant permanent est monté sur un ressort à lame bombé sur lequel agit l'organe d'actionnement. L'aimant permanent est apte à piloter par effet magnétique un interrupteur pour commuter un circuit électrique. La position de l'aimant permanent par rapport à l'interrupteur permet de venir fermer ou ouvrir le circuit électrique. Lorsque l'organe d'actionnement est au repos, l'aimant permanent est éloigné de l'interrupteur et n'a aucune influence sur celui-ci, le circuit électrique est donc ouvert. Lorsque l'organe d'actionnement est enfoncé, l'aimant permanent est approché de l'interrupteur, entraînant le rapprochement de deux lames souples de l'interrupteur et donc la fermeture du circuit électrique. Lorsque l'aimant permanent est éloigné de l'interrupteur, l'ouverture du circuit électrique se produit par rappel mécanique des deux lames. Au repos, l'aimant permanent est incliné par rapport à l'axe de l'ensemble et suit un mouvement de rotation lorsque l'organe d'actionnement agit sur le ressort. Un tel ensemble est inapproprié pour commander des interrupteurs de petite taille et sa mise en oeuvre est délicate.He is known by the patent US 3,921,108 a push button-type assembly comprising an actuating member movable in translation between a rest position and a working position and able to set in motion a permanent magnet housed in the push-button. The permanent magnet is mounted on a curved leaf spring on which the actuating member acts. The permanent magnet is capable of controlling a switch by magnetic effect to switch an electrical circuit. The position of the permanent magnet relative to the switch makes it possible to close or open the electrical circuit. When the actuating member is at rest, the permanent magnet is away from the switch and has no influence on it, the electric circuit is open. When the actuating member is depressed, the permanent magnet is approached from the switch, bringing two flexible blades of the switch closer together and thus closing the electrical circuit. When the permanent magnet is moved away from the switch, the opening of the electric circuit occurs by mechanical return of the two blades. At rest, the permanent magnet is inclined relative to the axis of the assembly and follows a rotational movement when the actuating member acts on the spring. Such an assembly is inappropriate for controlling small switches and its implementation is difficult.

Le document US 3,283,274 décrit un dispositif de commutation de type bouton-poussoir comportant un interrupteur à lames souples appelé également "reed" actionné par un aimant permanent mobile annulaire solidaire d'un bouton d'actionnement. La pression sur le bouton d'actionnement permet d'entraîner l'aimant permanent mobile en translation autour de l'interrupteur à lames souples jusqu'à une position dans laquelle, par effet magnétique, il provoque le rapprochement des deux lames souples pour entraîner la fermeture d'un circuit électrique. Le retour en position initiale du bouton d'actionnement peut être réalisé en disposant un aimant permanent fixe annulaire en opposition par rapport à l'aimant permanent mobile.The document US 3,283,274 discloses a push-button type switching device comprising a reed switch also called "reed" operated by an annular mobile permanent magnet secured to an actuating button. The pressure on the actuating button makes it possible to drive the moving permanent magnet in translation around the reed switch to a position in which, by a magnetic effect, it causes the two flexible blades to be brought together to drive the closing an electrical circuit. The return to the initial position of the actuating button can be achieved by disposing an annular fixed permanent magnet in opposition to the moving permanent magnet.

Le document US3260821 décrit un interrupteur de type bouton-poussoir qui comporte un capteur magnétique de type "reed", une tige d'actionnement portant un premier aimant en forme de tore entourant le capteur et mobile entre deux positions pour changer l'état du capteur et un deuxième aimant permanent en couplage magnétique avec un aimant permanent fixe en forme de tore pour assurer le retour en position de la tige d'actionnement. L'aimant permanent fixe est par exemple en forme de tore alors que le deuxième aimant permanent mobile vient s'insérer dans l'aimant permanent fixe pour assurer le retour en position de la tige d'actionnement.The document US3260821 discloses a push-button type switch which comprises a magnetic "reed" type sensor, an actuating rod carrying a first torus-shaped magnet surrounding the sensor and movable between two positions to change the state of the sensor and a second permanent magnet in magnetic coupling with a fixed permanent magnet shaped torus to ensure the return to position of the actuating rod. The fixed permanent magnet is for example in the form of a torus while the second movable permanent magnet is inserted into the fixed permanent magnet for ensure the return to position of the actuating rod.

Le document US3452307 décrit un dispositif de commutation comprenant une tige sur laquelle est fixée une paire d'aimants permanents, ainsi que deux interrupteurs de type "reed" positionnés à l'extérieur du dispositif. Ce type d'interrupteur commute à l'approche d'un aimant permanent. Par conséquent, en position de repos, l'aimant doit être suffisamment éloigné de l'interrupteur pour ne pas entraîner sa commutation. Il en résulte des contraintes d'encombrement en hauteur ou en longueur.The document US3452307 describes a switching device comprising a rod on which is fixed a pair of permanent magnets, and two "reed" type switches positioned outside the device. This type of switch switches when approaching a permanent magnet. Therefore, in the rest position, the magnet must be sufficiently far from the switch not to cause its switching. This results in space constraints in height or length.

Le but de l'invention est de proposer un dispositif de commutation d'un circuit électrique adapté pour commuter des interrupteurs miniatures et présentant une structure compacte, un fonctionnement simple et conférant à son utilisateur un effet tactile appréciable.The object of the invention is to provide a switching device of an electrical circuit adapted to switch miniature switches and having a compact structure, simple operation and giving the user a significant tactile effect.

Ce but est atteint par un dispositif de commutation d'un circuit électrique comprenant :

  • un corps,
  • un bouton d'actionnement mobile en translation dans le corps suivant un axe principal, entre une position de repos et une position de travail,
  • un aimant permanent mobile en forme de tore monté solidaire en translation du bouton d'actionnement et coaxial autour de l'axe principal, ledit aimant permanent mobile créant un champ magnétique et présentant une direction d'aimantation parallèle à l'axe principal,
  • un aimant permanent fixe cylindrique monté coaxial par rapport à l'aimant permanent mobile, l'aimant permanent mobile et l'aimant permanent fixe présentant des dimensions déterminées pour pouvoir coulisser l'un par rapport à l'autre,
  • un capteur sensible au champ magnétique et apte à commander le circuit électrique lors d'un déplacement du bouton d'actionnement, le capteur étant un interrupteur comportant un élément mobile piloté par effet magnétique par l'aimant permanent mobile entre une position d'ouverture et une position de fermeture du circuit électrique,
    ledit dispositif étant caractérisé en ce que :
  • l'interrupteur est disposé autour de l'axe principal, à l'intérieur du tore formé par l'aimant permanent mobile,
  • dans la position de repos du bouton d'actionnement, le champ magnétique présente des lignes de champ dont la direction impose à l'élément mobile de prendre l'une de ses deux positions,
  • dans la position de travail du bouton d'actionnement, la direction des lignes de champ du champ magnétique est inversée, imposant à l'élément mobile de prendre l'autre de ses deux positions,
  • selon la position du bouton d'actionnement, l'élément mobile se trouve d'un côté ou de l'autre d'un plan médian de l'aimant permanent mobile perpendiculaire à la direction d'aimantation de l'aimant permanent mobile.
This object is achieved by a switching device of an electrical circuit comprising:
  • a body,
  • an actuating button movable in translation in the body along a main axis, between a rest position and a working position,
  • a movable permanent magnet in the form of a toroid mounted integral in translation with the actuating knob and coaxial about the main axis, said movable permanent magnet creating a magnetic field and having a direction of magnetization parallel to the main axis,
  • a cylindrical fixed permanent magnet mounted coaxially with respect to the moving permanent magnet, the moving permanent magnet and the fixed permanent magnet having dimensions determined to be able to slide relative to each other,
  • a sensor sensitive to the magnetic field and able to control the electric circuit during a movement of the actuating button, the sensor being a switch comprising a movable element controlled by magnetic effect by the permanent magnet movable between an open position and a closed position of the electric circuit,
    said device being characterized in that:
  • the switch is arranged around the main axis, inside the torus formed by the moving permanent magnet,
  • in the rest position of the actuating button, the magnetic field has field lines whose direction requires the movable element to take one of its two positions,
  • in the working position of the actuating button, the direction of the field lines of the magnetic field is reversed, forcing the movable element to take the other of its two positions,
  • according to the position of the actuating button, the movable element is on one side or the other of a median plane of the moving permanent magnet perpendicular to the direction of magnetization of the moving permanent magnet.

Pour pouvoir coulisser l'un par rapport à l'autre, l'aimant permanent mobile et l'aimant permanent fixe présentent des dimensions différentes, préférentiellement juste suffisantes pour obtenir un coulissement aisé de l'un des aimants par rapport à l'autre. Ces dimensions sont déterminées de manière à pouvoir obtenir par simple agencement entre les aimants, un effet de transformation brusque, également appelé effet cloquant, lors de l'enfoncement du bouton d'actionnement.In order to be able to slide relative to one another, the moving permanent magnet and the fixed permanent magnet have different dimensions, preferably just sufficient to obtain easy sliding of one of the magnets with respect to the other. These dimensions are determined so as to obtain by simple arrangement between the magnets, a sudden transformation effect, also called blistering effect, when the actuating button is depressed.

Selon une variante de réalisation, l'aimant permanent mobile est un tore et l'aimant permanent fixe est un disque. Dans cette variante, l'aimant permanent fixe en forme de disque présente un diamètre externe inférieur au diamètre interne du tore formé par l'aimant permanent mobile de manière à pouvoir être circonscrit par l'aimant permanent mobile.According to an alternative embodiment, the moving permanent magnet is a torus and the fixed permanent magnet is a disk. In this variant, the disk-shaped fixed permanent magnet has an outer diameter smaller than the internal diameter of the torus formed by the permanent magnet movable so as to be circumscribed by the movable permanent magnet.

Selon une autre variante de réalisation, l'aimant permanent mobile et l'aimant permanent fixe sont chacun en forme de tore. L'un des tores présente alors un diamètre externe inférieur au diamètre interne de l'autre tore. Par exemple, l'aimant permanent fixe présente un diamètre externe inférieur au diamètre interne de l'aimant permanent mobile.According to another variant embodiment, the movable permanent magnet and the fixed permanent magnet are each in the shape of a torus. One torus then has an outer diameter less than the inner diameter of the other torus. For example, the fixed permanent magnet has an outer diameter smaller than the internal diameter of the moving permanent magnet.

Selon une autre particularité, une pièce ferromagnétique fixe annulaire est montée sur le corps autour de l'aimant permanent fixe. La pièce ferromagnétique présente par exemple un diamètre sensiblement supérieur au diamètre externe de l'aimant permanent mobile. Cette pièce ferromagnétique est employée pour optimiser la position du seuil de transformation brusque de l'aimant permanent mobile par rapport à l'aimant permanent fixe.According to another feature, an annular fixed ferromagnetic piece is mounted on the body around the fixed permanent magnet. The ferromagnetic part has for example a diameter substantially greater than the outer diameter of the movable permanent magnet. This ferromagnetic part is used to optimize the position of the abrupt transformation threshold of the moving permanent magnet relative to the fixed permanent magnet.

Selon une autre particularité, le dispositif comporte une butée mécanique du bouton d'actionnement en position de travail, ladite butée mécanique étant positionnée pour maintenir un effet magnétique de répulsion entre l'aimant permanent fixe et l'aimant permanent mobile quelle que soit la position du bouton d'actionnement.According to another feature, the device comprises a mechanical stop of the actuating button in the working position, said mechanical stop being positioned to maintain a repulsive magnetic effect between the fixed permanent magnet and the moving permanent magnet whatever the position. the actuation button.

Selon une autre particularité, le dispositif comporte un dispositif de retenue magnétique du bouton d'actionnement nécessitant un effort minimal à exercer sur le bouton d'actionnement pour entamer son mouvement.According to another feature, the device comprises a magnetic retaining device of the actuating button requiring a minimum effort to exert on the actuating button to begin its movement.

Selon une autre particularité, le dispositif de retenue comporte deux pièces ferromagnétiques coopérant lorsque le bouton d'actionnement est en position de repos, une première pièce étant montée sur le bouton d'actionnement et une seconde pièce étant montée sur le corps du dispositif.According to another feature, the retaining device comprises two ferromagnetic parts cooperating when the actuating button is in the rest position, a first part being mounted on the actuating button and a second part being mounted on the body of the device.

Le dispositif de retenue selon l'invention permet de s'affranchir de pièces élastiques en déformation et confère également un effet tactile particulier à l'utilisateur puisqu'une force minimale doit être exercée pour décoller les deux pièces ferromagnétiques.The retaining device according to the invention makes it possible to dispense with elastic parts in deformation and also gives a particular tactile effect to the user since a minimum force must be exerted to take off the two ferromagnetic parts.

Selon l'invention, l'aimant permanent mobile est donc en interaction magnétique à la fois avec l'aimant permanent fixe pour son retour en positon initiale et pour obtenir l'effet cloquant mais également avec la pièce ferromagnétique du dispositif de retenue. La sensation tactile particulière ressentie par l'utilisateur lors d'une pression sur l'organe d'actionnement résulte donc de la combinaison entre l'effet magnétique de répulsion et l'effet cloquant s'exerçant entre l'aimant permanent mobile et l'aimant permanent fixe et l'effet magnétique d'attraction s'exerçant entre l'aimant permanent mobile et la pièce ferromagnétique du dispositif de retenue. Cette sensation tactile ne risque pas de s'altérer au cours du temps puisqu'elle est réalisée simplement par la combinaison de ces différents effets magnétiques.According to the invention, the mobile permanent magnet is therefore in magnetic interaction both with the fixed permanent magnet for its return to initial position and to obtain the blistering effect but also with the ferromagnetic part of the restraint. The particular tactile sensation experienced by the user during a pressure on the actuating member therefore results from the combination between the magnetic effect of repulsion and the blistering effect exerted between the moving permanent magnet and the fixed permanent magnet and the magnetic attraction effect exerted between the movable permanent magnet and the ferromagnetic part of the retainer. This tactile sensation is not likely to deteriorate over time since it is achieved simply by the combination of these different magnetic effects.

Selon l'invention, le capteur est sensible à la variation du champ magnétique générée lors de l'approche de l'aimant permanent mobile. A partir d'un seuil d'intensité de champ magnétique, le capteur commande la commutation du circuit électrique.According to the invention, the sensor is sensitive to the variation of the magnetic field generated during the approach of the moving permanent magnet. From a threshold of magnetic field intensity, the sensor controls the switching of the electrical circuit.

Le capteur est un interrupteur électrique comportant un élément mobile piloté par effet magnétique pour commuter le circuit électrique entre deux positions, une position d'ouverture du circuit électrique et une position de fermeture dudit circuit électrique.The sensor is an electrical switch comprising a movable element controlled by magnetic effect to switch the electrical circuit between two positions, an open position of the electrical circuit and a closed position of said electrical circuit.

L'utilisation d'un aimant permanent mobile de forme torique permet notamment :

  • de pouvoir réaliser une distribution circulaire de plusieurs interrupteurs commutables par un seul moyen d'actionnement ;
  • d'améliorer la compacité du dispositif, le ou les interrupteurs pouvant être placés autour de l'axe principal, à l'intérieur ou à l'extérieur du tore ;
  • de faciliter la fabrication du dispositif, l'aimant torique étant monté symétriquement par rapport à l'axe principal.
The use of a mobile permanent magnet of toric form allows in particular:
  • to be able to perform a circular distribution of several switchable switches by a single actuating means;
  • to improve the compactness of the device, the or switches that can be placed around the main axis, inside or outside the torus;
  • to facilitate the manufacture of the device, the ring magnet being mounted symmetrically with respect to the main axis.

Selon une autre particularité, l'élément mobile est décalé par rapport à l'axe principal.According to another feature, the movable element is offset with respect to the main axis.

Selon l'invention, dans chacune des positions du bouton, on utilise le champ magnétique créé par l'aimant permanent mobile pour imposer à l'élément mobile de l'interrupteur de prendre une position. Selon l'invention, le basculement de l'élément mobile entre ses deux positions est réalisé en employant les deux directions des lignes de champ magnétique générées par l'aimant permanent mobile de forme torique, de part et d'autre de son plan médian.According to the invention, in each of the positions of the button, the magnetic field created by the mobile permanent magnet is used to force the movable element of the switch to assume a position. According to the invention, the tilting of the movable element between its two positions is achieved by employing the two directions of the magnetic field lines generated by the toroid-shaped mobile permanent magnet, on either side of its median plane.

Selon l'invention, la fermeture du circuit électrique réalisée par effet magnétique permet de rendre la résistance de contact ohmique indépendante de la force exercée par l'opérateur. Cette résistance est donc parfaitement reproductible à chaque manipulation du bouton.According to the invention, the closure of the electrical circuit made by magnetic effect makes it possible to make the ohmic contact resistance independent of the force exerted by the operator. This resistance is perfectly reproducible at each button operation.

Selon une autre particularité, l'élément mobile est une membrane pivotante montée sur un substrat et portant à l'une de ses extrémités un contact électrique établissant la jonction électrique entre deux contacts fixes disposés sur le substrat lorsque la membrane est dans la position de fermeture du circuit électrique.According to another feature, the mobile element is a pivoting membrane mounted on a substrate and carrying at one of its ends an electrical contact establishing the electrical junction between two fixed contacts disposed on the substrate when the membrane is in the closed position. of the electrical circuit.

Selon l'invention, le dispositif peut comporter plusieurs interrupteurs décalés par rapport à l'axe principal, par exemple juxtaposés ou disposés symétriquement par rapport à l'axe principal. Les interrupteurs sont par exemple disposés symétriquement par rapport à l'axe principal.According to the invention, the device may comprise several switches offset with respect to the main axis, for example juxtaposed or arranged symmetrically with respect to the main axis. The switches are for example arranged symmetrically with respect to the main axis.

Avantageusement, le dispositif de commutation comporte un dispositif de blindage magnétique qui permet de le protéger de l'influence d'un champ magnétique extérieur et de confiner le champ magnétique produit par les aimants permanents à l'intérieur du dispositif. Ce dispositif de blindage peut être composé de pièces ferromagnétiques recouvrant la paroi interne du corps du dispositif.Advantageously, the switching device comprises a magnetic shielding device which makes it possible to protect it from the influence of an external magnetic field and to confine the magnetic field produced by the permanent magnets inside the device. This shielding device may be composed of ferromagnetic parts covering the inner wall of the body of the device.

Selon l'invention, le dispositif de commutation est utilisé comme bouton poussoir ou interrupteur de position.According to the invention, the switching device is used as push button or position switch.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages vont apparaître dans la description détaillée qui suit en se référant à un mode de réalisation donné à titre d'exemple et représenté par les dessins annexés sur lesquels :

  • La figure 1 représente schématiquement un dispositif de commutation utilisé comme bouton poussoir. Sur la partie gauche (G) de la figure 1, le bouton d'actionnement est montré au repos tandis que sur la partie droite (D) le bouton d'actionnement est montré enfoncé.
  • La figure 2 représente un interrupteur selon l'invention dont la membrane est au repos.
  • Les figures 3A et 3B illustrent les positions prises par la membrane sous l'influence d'un champ magnétique.
  • Les figures 4A et 4B représentent les positions de l'aimant permanent mobile lorsque le bouton d'actionnement est, respectivement, au repos ou enfoncé et montrent l'influence du champ magnétique créé par cet aimant sur l'interrupteur.
  • La figure 5 représente un dispositif de commutation de type bouton poussoir selon l'invention portant un perfectionnement par rapport au dispositif de commutation représenté en figure 1. Sur la partie gauche (G) de la figure 5, le bouton d'actionnement est montré au repos tandis que sur la partie droite (D) de la figure 5, le bouton d'actionnement est montré enfoncé.
  • Les figures 6A et 6B représentent pour le dispositif de la figure 5, les positions de l'aimant permanent mobile lorsque le bouton d'actionnement est, respectivement au repos ou enfoncé et montrent l'influence du champ magnétique créé par cet aimant sur l'interrupteur.
  • La figure 7 est un diagramme représentant la variation de l'effort à fournir pour l'enfoncement du bouton en fonction de la course de l'aimant permanent mobile par rapport à l'aimant permanent fixe.
Other features and advantages will appear in the detailed description which follows with reference to an embodiment given by way of example and represented by the appended drawings in which:
  • The figure 1 schematically represents a switching device used as a push button. On the left side (G) of the figure 1 , the actuation button is shown at rest while on the right (D) the actuation button is shown depressed.
  • The figure 2 represents a switch according to the invention whose membrane is at rest.
  • The Figures 3A and 3B illustrate the positions taken by the membrane under the influence of a magnetic field.
  • The Figures 4A and 4B represent the positions of the moving permanent magnet when the actuating button is, respectively, at rest or depressed and show the influence of the magnetic field created by this magnet on the switch.
  • The figure 5 represents a pushbutton-type switching device according to the invention with an improvement over the switching device represented in FIG. figure 1 . On the left side (G) of the figure 5 , the actuation button is shown at rest while on the right part (D) of the figure 5 , the operation button is shown depressed.
  • The Figures 6A and 6B represent for the device the figure 5 the positions of the moving permanent magnet when the actuating button is respectively at rest or depressed and show the influence of the magnetic field created by this magnet on the switch.
  • The figure 7 is a diagram representing the variation of the force to be provided for the depression of the button as a function of the travel of the moving permanent magnet relative to the fixed permanent magnet.

Dans la suite de la description, les termes "haut", "bas", supérieur", "inférieur" ou équivalents doivent être compris en prenant comme référence l'axe principal (A) de direction verticale du dispositif.In the following description, the terms "high", "low", "upper", "lower" or equivalent must be understood by taking as a reference the main axis (A) of vertical direction of the device.

Sur la figure 1, le dispositif de commutation 1 selon l'invention est un bouton-poussoir comportant un corps 10 par exemple cylindrique introduit dans une ouverture formée à travers une paroi P. Un bouton d'actionnement 3 est monté mobile en translation suivant l'axe principal (A) dans ledit corps 10. Le bouton d'actionnement 3 peut prendre une position de repos (figure 1, partie gauche G) et une position de travail (figure 1, partie droite D) dans laquelle il est enfoncé dans le corps 10.On the figure 1 , the switching device 1 according to the invention is a push-button comprising a body 10, for example cylindrical, introduced into an opening formed through a wall P. An actuating button 3 is mounted to move in translation along the main axis ( A) in said body 10. The actuating button 3 can take a rest position ( figure 1 , left part G) and a working position ( figure 1 , right part D) in which it is embedded in the body 10.

Le dispositif comporte également un capteur sensible au champ magnétique. Ce capteur peut être à effet Hall sensible à un seuil d'intensité de champ magnétique pour commuter un circuit électrique. Les capteurs à effet Hall étant bien connus, ils ne sont donc pas décrits dans cette demande. Le capteur peut également être un interrupteur 2 de commutation du circuit électrique de type "reed" ou de type MEMS fixé sur un support 11 solidaire du corps 10 et logé dans celui-ci. Des électrodes 12 du circuit électrique à commuter, solidaires du support 11, s'étendent vers le bas du dispositif 1.The device also comprises a sensor sensitive to the magnetic field. This sensor can be Hall effect sensitive to a threshold of magnetic field strength to switch an electrical circuit. Hall effect sensors are well known, so they are not described in this application. The sensor may also be a switch 2 of the electrical circuit type "reed" or MEMS type fixed on a support 11 integral with the body 10 and housed therein. Electrodes 12 of the electrical circuit to be switched, integral with the support 11, extend downwards from the device 1.

Selon l'invention, le capteur représenté sur les figures est un interrupteur 2 de type MEMS présentant un élément mobile monté sur un substrat 4 plan et constitué d'une membrane 20 ferromagnétique miniature dotée d'une partie en matériau ferromagnétique. Il peut être réalisé en technologie planaire de type MEMS (en anglais "Micro ElectroMechanical System") ou en technologie de laminage de type circuit imprimé (PCB pour "Printed Circuit Board") ou "flex" ("Flexible printed circuit board"). Plusieurs interrupteurs 2 identiques peuvent être disposés sur le même substrat 4, par exemple de manière juxtaposée ou symétriquement par rapport à l'axe principal (A), ou montés sur le support 11 de manière à former une matrice ou une combinaison d'interrupteurs normalement ouvert et normalement fermé. Les interrupteurs 2 sont par exemple montés en parallèle dans le circuit électrique. Le circuit imprimé sur lequel est monté l'interrupteur 2 peut recevoir une diode électroluminescente 14. Dans ce cas, le bouton d'actionnement 3 sera par exemple en plastique transparent.According to the invention, the sensor shown in the figures is a switch 2 of the MEMS type having a movable element mounted on a plane substrate 4 and consisting of a miniature ferromagnetic membrane 20 provided with a part made of ferromagnetic material. It can be realized in planar MEMS ("Micro ElectroMechanical System") type technology or in printed circuit board ("Printed Circuit Board") or "flex printed circuit board" ("flexible printed circuit board") laminating technology. Several identical switches 2 may be arranged on the same substrate 4, for example juxtaposed or symmetrically with respect to the main axis (A), or mounted on the support 11 so as to form a matrix or a combination of switches normally open and normally closed. The switches 2 are for example connected in parallel in the electric circuit. The printed circuit board on which the switch 2 is mounted can receive a light-emitting diode 14. In this case, the actuating button 3 will be made of transparent plastic, for example.

La membrane 20 porte un contact mobile 21 apte à venir relier électriquement deux contacts fixes 41, 42 disposés sur le substrat 4, lorsqu'elle est dans une position basse de fermeture du circuit électrique. La membrane 20 de l'interrupteur 2 peut être pilotée par effet magnétique pour pivoter autour d'un axe de rotation (R) perpendiculaire à l'axe principal (A) entre une position haute d'ouverture du circuit électrique (figure 3B) et sa position basse de fermeture du circuit électrique (figure 3A). Elle est reliée à un plot d'ancrage 23 par exemple par l'intermédiaire de deux bras 22a, 22b sollicités en flexion. Bien entendu, d'autres configurations de l'interrupteur 2 peuvent être envisagées.The membrane 20 carries a movable contact 21 adapted to come electrically connect two fixed contacts 41, 42 disposed on the substrate 4, when in a low position closing the electrical circuit. The membrane 20 of the switch 2 can be controlled by a magnetic effect to pivot about an axis of rotation (R) perpendicular to the main axis (A) between a high opening position of the electrical circuit ( figure 3B ) and its low closing position of the electric circuit ( figure 3A ). It is connected to an anchor stud 23 for example by means of two arms 22a, 22b biased in flexion. Of course, other configurations of the switch 2 can be envisaged.

Un aimant permanent mobile 5 en forme de tore est monté solidaire du bouton d'actionnement 3 et de manière axiale dans le corps 10 du dispositif de commutation 1. La forme torique de l'aimant permanent mobile 5 présente notamment des avantages en terme de construction et d'agencement.A movable permanent magnet 5 in the form of a torus is mounted integral with the actuating button 3 and axially in the body 10 of the switching device 1. The toroidal shape of the movable permanent magnet 5 has particular advantages in terms of construction and arrangement.

Selon l'invention, l'interrupteur 2 est disposé de manière décalée par rapport à l'axe principal (A) de manière à être sous l'influence d'une demi-portion de l'aimant permanent mobile 5 torique et peut être disposé autour de l'axe principal (A), à l'intérieur du tore (figure 1) ou à l'extérieur du tore (non représenté). Lorsque le dispositif comporte plusieurs interrupteurs 2, ceux-ci sont tous décalés par rapport à l'axe principal (A) et peuvent être distribués circulairement à l'intérieur ou à l'extérieur du tore formé par l'aimant permanent mobile 5.According to the invention, the switch 2 is disposed offset from the main axis (A) so as to be under the influence of a half-portion of the toroidal permanent magnet and can be arranged around the main axis (A), inside the torus ( figure 1 ) or outside the torus (not shown). When the device comprises several switches 2, these are all offset with respect to the main axis (A) and can be distributed circularly inside or outside the torus formed by the moving permanent magnet 5.

La direction d'aimantation de l'aimant permanent mobile 5 torique suit une direction parallèle à l'axe principal (A) et le vecteur champ magnétique M parallèle à la direction d'aimantation est orienté conventionnellement dans le sens Sud-Nord, par exemple vers le haut sur la figure 1. Ci-après, le champ magnétique créé par l'aimant permanent mobile 5 est désigné M.The magnetization direction of the toroidal permanent magnet follows a direction parallel to the main axis (A) and the magnetic field vector M parallel to the magnetization direction is oriented conventionally in the South-North direction, for example up on the figure 1 . Hereinafter, the magnetic field created by the moving permanent magnet 5 is designated M.

Lorsque le bouton d'actionnement 3 est au repos (figure 4A), le champ magnétique M créé par l'aimant permanent mobile 5 présente des lignes de champ L dont la direction impose à la membrane 20 d'être dans une position, par exemple en position basse (figure 4A), correspondant à la fermeture du circuit électrique.When the actuating button 3 is at rest ( Figure 4A ), the magnetic field M created by the moving permanent magnet 5 has field lines L whose direction requires the membrane 20 to be in a position, for example in a low position ( Figure 4A ), corresponding to the closing of the electric circuit.

L'aimant permanent mobile 5 comporte un plan médian qui est perpendiculaire à sa direction d'aimantation et sous lequel la membrane 20 est dans une position, par exemple sa position basse (figures 3A et 4A), et au-dessus duquel la membrane 20 est dans son autre position, par exemple sa position haute (figures 3B et 4B).The movable permanent magnet 5 comprises a median plane which is perpendicular to its direction of magnetization and under which the membrane 20 is in a position, for example its low position ( Figures 3A and 4A ), and above which the membrane 20 is in its other position, for example its high position ( Figures 3B and 4B ).

L'enfoncement du bouton d'actionnement 3 jusqu'à sa position de travail entraîne donc un changement de position verticale de l'aimant permanent mobile 5, ce qui permet d'inverser la direction des lignes de champ magnétique vues par la membrane 20. En référence à la figure 4B, le champ magnétique M présente des lignes de champ L dont la direction impose à la membrane 20 de basculer vers sa position haute correspondant par exemple à l'ouverture du circuit électrique.The depression of the actuating button 3 to its working position thus causes a change of vertical position of the moving permanent magnet 5, which makes it possible to reverse the direction of the magnetic field lines seen by the membrane 20. With reference to the Figure 4B , the magnetic field M has L field lines whose direction requires the membrane 20 to switch to its upper position corresponding for example to the opening of the electrical circuit.

Selon l'invention, le retour du bouton d'actionnement 3 de sa position de travail vers sa position de repos peut être réalisé par un dispositif de rappel tel que par exemple un ressort de rappel 13 monté sur le corps 10 du dispositif 1 et contre lequel vient s'appuyer le bouton d'actionnement 3.According to the invention, the return of the actuating button 3 from its working position to its rest position can be achieved by a return device such as for example a return spring 13 mounted on the body 10 of the device 1 and against which is supported by the actuating button 3.

Un perfectionnement d'un dispositif de commutation représenté en figure 1 consiste à insérer un aimant permanent fixe dans le corps du dispositif. La figure 5 montre un dispositif de commutation 1' portant ce perfectionnement. Cet ajout permet uniquement d'améliorer la sensation tactile lors de l'enfoncement du bouton d'actionnement 3. Les éléments communs aux deux dispositifs 1, 1' conservent la même fonction et la même référence. Notamment, dans ce nouveau dispositif 1', le principe d'actionnement de l'interrupteur 2 décrit ci-dessus est identique.An improvement of a switching device represented in figure 1 consists of inserting a fixed permanent magnet into the body of the device. The figure 5 shows a switching device 1 'bearing this improvement. This addition only improves the tactile sensation when pressing the actuating button 3. The elements common to both devices 1, 1 'retain the same function and the same reference. In particular, in this new device 1 ', the principle of actuation of the switch 2 described above is identical.

Selon l'invention, l'aimant permanent mobile 5 et l'aimant permanent fixe 60 présentent des dimensions déterminées de manière à pouvoir coulisser l'un par rapport à l'autre. L'aimant permanent mobile 5 et l'aimant permanent fixe 60 sont donc de tailles différentes. En référence à la figure 5, l'aimant permanent mobile 5 est en forme de tore. Pour obtenir le coulissement, l'aimant permanent fixe 60 peut donc prendre différentes formes :

  • L'aimant permanent fixe 60 peut être en forme de disque présentant un diamètre externe inférieur au diamètre interne de l'aimant permanent mobile pour pouvoir être circonscrit par l'aimant permanent mobile 5.
  • L'aimant permanent fixe 60 peut être en forme de tore et présenter un diamètre externe inférieur au diamètre interne de l'aimant permanent mobile 5 pour pouvoir être circonscrit par l'aimant permanent mobile 5 ou un diamètre interne supérieur au diamètre externe de l'aimant permanent mobile 5 pour pouvoir circonscrire l'aimant permanent mobile 5.
According to the invention, the movable permanent magnet 5 and the fixed permanent magnet 60 have dimensions determined so as to be slidable relative to each other. The moving permanent magnet 5 and the fixed permanent magnet 60 are therefore of different sizes. With reference to the figure 5 the moving permanent magnet 5 is torus-shaped. To obtain the sliding, the fixed permanent magnet 60 can therefore take different forms:
  • The fixed permanent magnet 60 may be disk-shaped having an outer diameter smaller than the internal diameter of the moving permanent magnet so as to be circumscribed by the moving permanent magnet 5.
  • The fixed permanent magnet 60 may be torus-shaped and have an outer diameter smaller than the internal diameter of the moving permanent magnet 5 in order to be circumscribed by the movable permanent magnet 5 or an internal diameter greater than the external diameter of the movable permanent magnet 5 to circumscribe the moving permanent magnet 5.

Sur la figure 5, l'aimant permanent fixe 60 et l'aimant permanent mobile ont tous deux la forme d'un tore. L'aimant permanent fixe 60 présente un diamètre externe (défini par le rayon r1) inférieur au diamètre interne (défini par le rayon R1) de l'aimant permanent mobile 5, préférentiellement légèrement inférieur au diamètre interne (R1) de l'aimant permanent mobile 5.On the figure 5 the fixed permanent magnet 60 and the movable permanent magnet both have the shape of a torus. The fixed permanent magnet 60 has an outer diameter (defined by the radius r1) smaller than the internal diameter (defined by the radius R1) of the moving permanent magnet 5, preferably slightly smaller than the internal diameter (R1) of the permanent magnet mobile 5.

Sur la figure 5, les deux aimants permanents 5, 60 sont montés coaxiaux autour de l'axe principal (A) et présentent une même direction d'aimantation et des sens d'aimantation opposés de manière à créer entre eux un effet magnétique de répulsion pour solliciter l'aimant permanent mobile 5 et donc le bouton d'actionnement 3 vers sa position de repos. Par rapport à l'aimant permanent mobile 5 en position de repos du bouton d'actionnement 3, l'aimant permanent fixe 60 est situé de l'autre côté du support 11 de l'interrupteur 2. L'aimant permanent fixe 60 est positionné par rapport à l'interrupteur 2 de manière à ne pas participer à l'actionnement de la membrane 20 quelle que soit la position du bouton d'actionnement 3 (voir figures 6A et 6B).On the figure 5 the two permanent magnets 5, 60 are mounted coaxially around the main axis (A) and have the same direction of magnetization and opposite directions of magnetization so as to create between them a magnetic effect of repulsion to solicit the moving permanent magnet 5 and thus the actuating button 3 to its rest position. With respect to the moving permanent magnet 5 in the rest position of the actuating button 3, the fixed permanent magnet 60 is located on the other side of the support 11 of the switch 2. The fixed permanent magnet 60 is positioned relative to the switch 2 so as not to participate in the actuation of the membrane 20 regardless of the position of the actuating button 3 (see Figures 6A and 6B ).

Une telle configuration à deux aimants permanents 5, 60 de dimensions distinctes aptes à coulisser l'un par rapport à l'autre permet de générer un effet de transformation brusque, également appelé effet cloquant lors de l'enfoncement du bouton d'actionnement 3. Cet effet cloquant est réalisé par effet magnétique entre les deux aimants permanents 5, 60 lorsque l'aimant permanent mobile 5 se rapproche de l'aimant permanent fixe 60. Un effet cloquant procure à l'utilisateur un effet tactile appréciable lors de l'enfoncement du bouton d'actionnement 3. En effet, lorsqu'un effort déterminé est exercé sur le bouton d'actionnement 3 et que le bouton d'actionnement 3 atteint une longueur de course déterminée, le bouton d'actionnement 3 est entraîné rapidement en fin de course. Lors de la transformation brusque, la force ressentie par l'utilisateur diminue fortement. La transformation brusque confère à l'utilisateur une impression tactile particulière et garantit l'exercice d'une force minimale pour commuter le circuit électrique. Les figures 6A et 6B montrent l'interaction magnétique produite entre les deux aimants permanents 5, 60 lors de l'enfoncement du bouton d'actionnement 3. Sur les figures 6A et 6B, nous remarquons notamment que les lignes de champ L' générées par l'aimant permanent fixe 60 n'influencent pas le fonctionnement de l'interrupteur 2 et que la membrane 20 de l'interrupteur est basculée entre ses deux positions en s'alignant sur les lignes de champ L de l'aimant permanent mobile 5 seulement.Such a configuration with two permanent magnets 5, 60 of different dimensions able to slide relative to each other makes it possible to generate a sudden transformation effect, also called a blistering effect when the actuating button 3 is depressed. This blistering effect is achieved by magnetic effect between the two permanent magnets 5, 60 when the moving permanent magnet 5 approaches the fixed permanent magnet 60. A blistering effect provides the user with a significant tactile effect during the depression. 3. Actually, when a determined force is exerted on the actuating button 3 and the actuating button 3 reaches a determined stroke length, the actuating button 3 is driven rapidly to the end. race. During the abrupt transformation, the force felt by the user decreases sharply. The abrupt transformation gives the user a particular tactile impression and guarantees the exercise of a minimum force to switch the electrical circuit. The Figures 6A and 6B show the magnetic interaction produced between the two permanent magnets 5, 60 during the depression of the actuating button 3. On the Figures 6A and 6B , we note in particular that the field lines L 'generated by the fixed permanent magnet 60 do not influence the operation of the switch 2 and that the membrane 20 of the switch is tilted between its two positions by aligning with the field lines L of the movable permanent magnet 5 only.

En outre, afin d'optimiser le fonctionnement du dispositif et notamment pour optimiser l'effet cloquant, une pièce ferromagnétique annulaire 90 peut être montée au fond du corps 10, autour de l'aimant permanent fixe 60, de manière coaxiale par rapport aux deux aimants permanents 5, 60. Cette pièce ferromagnétique 90 présente un diamètre externe légèrement supérieur au diamètre externe (défini par le rayon R2 sur la figure 5) de l'aimant permanent mobile 5. Elle présente une section transversale en L, dont la branche horizontale correspond par exemple à l'épaisseur du tore de l'aimant permanent mobile 5 et dont la branche verticale correspond par exemple à la hauteur de l'aimant permanent fixe 60.In addition, in order to optimize the operation of the device and in particular to optimize the blistering effect, an annular ferromagnetic piece 90 can be mounted at the bottom of the body 10, around the fixed permanent magnet 60, coaxially with the two permanent magnets 5, 60. This ferromagnetic piece 90 has an outer diameter slightly greater than the outer diameter (defined by the radius R2 on the figure 5 ) of the movable permanent magnet 5. It has an L-shaped cross section, the horizontal branch of which corresponds, for example, to the thickness of the torus of the moving permanent magnet 5 and whose vertical branch corresponds, for example, to the height of the fixed permanent magnet 60.

Un diagramme course/effort illustrant la variation de l'effort à fournir en fonction de la course du bouton d'actionnement est représenté en figure 7. La course représente la distance entre l'aimant permanent mobile 5 et l'aimant permanent fixe 60. La courbe V1 illustre le fonctionnement du dispositif sans la pièce ferromagnétique 90 et la courbe V2 illustre le fonctionnement du dispositif avec la pièce ferromagnétique 90. A partir de la courbe V1, on remarque que le maximum de l'effort à fournir avant la transformation brusque se produit lorsque la course est négative c'est-à-dire lorsque l'aimant permanent mobile 5 est dans une position dans laquelle il inclut au moins partiellement l'aimant permanent fixe 60. A partir de la courbe V2, on remarque que le maximum de l'effort à fournir avant la transformation brusque se produit lorsque la course est quasiment nulle, c'est-à-dire lorsque l'aimant permanent mobile 5 est juste au-dessus de l'aimant permanent fixe 60. La présence de la pièce ferromagnétique 90 permet donc d'optimiser la position du seuil de transformation brusque du bouton d'actionnement 3.A stroke / effort diagram illustrating the variation of the force to be supplied as a function of the stroke of the actuating button is represented in FIG. figure 7 . The stroke represents the distance between the moving permanent magnet 5 and the fixed permanent magnet 60. The curve V1 illustrates the operation of the device without the ferromagnetic part 90 and the curve V2 illustrates the operation of the device with the ferromagnetic part 90. From of the curve V1, it is noted that the maximum of the force to be supplied before the abrupt transformation occurs when the stroke is negative, that is to say when the moving permanent magnet 5 is in a position in which it includes less partially fixed permanent magnet 60. From the curve V2, it is noted that the maximum of the effort to be provided before the abrupt transformation occurs when the stroke is almost zero, that is to say when the movable permanent magnet 5 is just above the fixed permanent magnet 60. The presence of the ferromagnetic part 90 thus makes it possible to optimize the position of the abrupt transformation threshold of the actuating button 3.

Une butée mécanique 15 peut être prévue sur le corps 10 du dispositif de manière à maintenir un effet magnétique de répulsion entre les deux aimants permanents 5, 60 quelle que soit la position du bouton d'actionnement 3. Cette butée 15 permet d'éviter que l'aimant permanent mobile 5 vienne circonscrire complètement l'aimant permanent fixe 60 et ainsi annuler l'effet magnétique de répulsion entre les deux aimants 5, 60. Ainsi, le bouton d'actionnement 3 est toujours entraîné vers sa position de repos par simple effet magnétique sans recourir à un organe de rappel mécanique.A mechanical stop 15 may be provided on the body 10 of the device so as to maintain a magnetic repulsion effect between the two permanent magnets 5, 60 regardless of the position of the actuating button 3. This stop 15 makes it possible to avoid that the moving permanent magnet 5 comes completely circumscribing the fixed permanent magnet 60 and thus canceling the magnetic effect of repulsion between the two magnets 5, 60. Thus, the actuating button 3 is always driven towards its rest position by simple magnetic effect without resorting to a mechanical return member.

Selon l'invention, le dispositif de rappel constitué des deux aimants permanents 5, 60 en opposition sur la figure 5 peut être complété par un dispositif de retenue magnétique du bouton d'actionnement 3 composé de deux pièces ferromagnétiques 7, 8 accolées lorsque le bouton d'actionnement 3 est au repos (figure 5). Une première pièce ferromagnétique 7 est montée sur le bouton d'actionnement 3 et une seconde pièce ferromagnétique 8 est montée sur le corps 10 du dispositif 1. Ces deux pièces 7, 8 définissent entre elles un entrefer variable en fonction de la position du bouton d'actionnement 3 dans le corps 10. La première pièce ferromagnétique 7 solidaire du bouton d'actionnement 3 peut être composée par exemple d'une plaque annulaire. La deuxième pièce ferromagnétique 8 présente par exemple une forme cylindrique tapissant au moins partiellement la paroi interne latérale du corps 10 et dotée d'une collerette rentrante à son bord supérieur. Lorsque le bouton d'actionnement est au repos (figures 1 et 5, partie gauche), la première pièce 7 vient en appui contre la collerette rentrante de la deuxième pièce ferromagnétique 8. Un effort minimal exercé sur le bouton d'actionnement 3 est donc nécessaire pour désolidariser les deux pièces ferromagnétiques 7, 8 et pour décoller le bouton d'actionnement 3 du corps 10 du dispositif 1, conférant ainsi à l'utilisateur un effet tactile particulier lors de l'enfoncement du bouton 3. Au fur et à mesure de la remontée du bouton d'actionnement 3, de sa position de travail vers sa position de repos, l'augmentation de la force d'attraction s'exerçant entre les deux pièces ferromagnétiques 7, 8 contribue au rappel du bouton d'actionnement 3 vers sa position de repos. L'effet tactile rendu par le dispositif de retenue peut être modifié en faisant varier notamment la surface de recouvrement des deux pièces ferromagnétiques 7, 8 lorsque le bouton d'actionnement 3 est en position de repos.According to the invention, the return device consisting of two permanent magnets 5, 60 in opposition to the figure 5 can be completed by a magnetic retaining device of the actuating button 3 composed of two ferromagnetic parts 7, 8 contiguous when the actuating button 3 is at rest ( figure 5 ). A first ferromagnetic part 7 is mounted on the actuating button 3 and a second ferromagnetic part 8 is mounted on the body 10 of the device 1. These two parts 7, 8 define between them a variable air gap depending on the position of the button. actuation 3 in the body 10. The first ferromagnetic part 7 integral with the actuating button 3 may be composed for example of an annular plate. The second ferromagnetic part 8 has for example a cylindrical shape at least partially lining the lateral internal wall of the body 10 and having a reentrant collar at its upper edge. When the actuation button is at rest ( figures 1 and 5 , left part), the first part 7 abuts against the re-entrant flange of the second ferromagnetic part 8. A minimal force exerted on the actuating button 3 is therefore necessary to separate the two ferromagnetic parts 7, 8 and to take off. actuating button 3 of the body 10 of the device 1, thus giving the user a particular tactile effect when the button 3 is depressed. As the actuating button 3 is raised, from its position of working towards its rest position, the increase of the attraction force exerted between the two ferromagnetic parts 7, 8 contributes to the return of the actuating button 3 towards its rest position. The tactile effect made by the retaining device can be modified by varying in particular the overlap surface of the two ferromagnetic parts 7, 8 when the actuating button 3 is in the rest position.

Sur la figure 1, les deux pièces ferromagnétiques 7, 8 ainsi qu'une troisième pièce ferromagnétique 9 placée dans le fond du corps 10 forment un dispositif de blindage magnétique du dispositif 1 pour :

  • confiner le champ magnétique produit par l'aimant permanent 5 à l'intérieur du dispositif, évitant ainsi une pollution magnétique à l'extérieur de celui-ci,
  • protéger l'interrupteur 2 d'un éventuel champ magnétique extérieur qui pourrait perturber son bon fonctionnement.
On the figure 1 the two ferromagnetic parts 7, 8 and a third ferromagnetic part 9 placed in the bottom of the body 10 form a magnetic shielding device of the device 1 for:
  • confining the magnetic field produced by the permanent magnet 5 inside the device, thereby avoiding magnetic pollution outside thereof,
  • protect the switch 2 of any external magnetic field that could disrupt its proper functioning.

Sur la figure 5, le blindage magnétique peut être réalisé au moins en partie par les deux pièces ferromagnétiques 7, 8 du dispositif de retenue ainsi que par la pièce ferromagnétique 90 entourant l'aimant permanent fixe.On the figure 5 , the magnetic shielding can be made at least partly by the two ferromagnetic parts 7, 8 of the retaining device and by the ferromagnetic part 90 surrounding the fixed permanent magnet.

Selon une variante de réalisation de l'invention, le blindage magnétique peut également être réalisé par le corps 10 et le bouton d'actionnement 3 qui sont alors réalisés dans des matériaux ferromagnétiques.According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, the magnetic shielding can also be achieved by the body 10 and the actuating button 3 which are then made of ferromagnetic materials.

Sur la figure 1, le dispositif de retenue peut être remplacé ou complété par une structure élastique 6 précontrainte formant un effet cloquant lors de l'enfoncement du bouton d'actionnement 3. Lorsqu'une force déterminée est exercée sur le bouton 3, la structure élastique 6 subit une transformation brusque entraînant rapidement le bouton d'actionnement 3 en fin de course. Lors de la transformation brusque, la force ressentie par l'utilisateur diminue fortement. La transformation brusque confère à l'utilisateur une impression tactile particulière et garantit l'exercice d'une force minimale pour commuter le circuit électrique. La structure élastique 6 peut jouer le rôle de membrane étanche ainsi que le rôle de ressort pour ramener le bouton d'actionnement vers sa position de repos, remplaçant ainsi totalement le ressort de rappel 13 ou complétant l'action du ressort de rappel 13.On the figure 1 the retaining device can be replaced or supplemented by a prestressed elastic structure 6 forming a blistering effect when the actuating button 3 is depressed. When a determined force is exerted on the button 3, the elastic structure 6 is subjected to abrupt transformation quickly causing the actuating button 3 at the end of the race. During the abrupt transformation, the force felt by the user decreases sharply. The abrupt transformation gives the user a particular tactile impression and guarantees the exercise of a minimum force to switch the electrical circuit. The elastic structure 6 can play the role of waterproof membrane and the role of spring to return the actuating button to its rest position, thus completely replacing the return spring 13 or completing the action of the return spring 13.

Selon l'invention, la symétrie radiale de l'aimant permanent mobile 5 torique permet une distribution circulaire de plusieurs interrupteurs 2 dans un même dispositif 1. Les interrupteurs 2 peuvent être juxtaposés ou par exemple disposés symétriquement par rapport à l'axe principal (A). Les interrupteurs 2 sont placés autour de l'axe principal (A), à l'intérieur ou à l'extérieur du tore. Pour que le champ magnétique M créé par l'aimant permanent 5 présente une influence sur l'élément mobile des interrupteurs 2 dans chacune des positions du bouton 3, l'ensemble des interrupteurs 2 doit être décalé par rapport à l'axe principal (A).According to the invention, the radial symmetry of the toroidal permanent magnet allows a circular distribution of several switches 2 in the same device 1. The switches 2 may be juxtaposed or for example arranged symmetrically with respect to the main axis (A ). The switches 2 are placed around the main axis (A), inside or outside the torus. So that the magnetic field M created by the permanent magnet 5 has an influence on the movable element of the switches 2 in each of the positions of the button 3, the set of switches 2 must be offset relative to the main axis (A ).

Selon l'invention, l'orientation de l'interrupteur 2 par rapport au champ magnétique M créé par l'aimant permanent 5 permet de le configurer "normalement ouvert" ou "normalement fermé". Cela signifie que lorsque le bouton d'actionnement 3 est dans sa position de repos, selon son orientation par rapport aux champs magnétiques, la membrane 20 peut être en position haute (figure 3B) ou en position basse (figure 3A).According to the invention, the orientation of the switch 2 with respect to the magnetic field M created by the permanent magnet 5 makes it possible to configure it "normally open" or "normally closed". This means that when the actuating button 3 is in its rest position, depending on its orientation with respect to the magnetic fields, the membrane 20 can be in the up position ( figure 3B ) or in the low position ( figure 3A ).

Il est bien entendu que l'on peut, sans sortir du cadre de l'invention, imaginer d'autres variantes et perfectionnements de détail et de même envisager l'emploi de moyens équivalents.It is understood that one can, without departing from the scope of the invention, imagine other variants and refinements of detail and even consider the use of equivalent means.

Claims (16)

  1. Switching device for an electric circuit comprising:
    - a body (10),
    - an actuating button (3) which can move in translation in the body (10) along a main axis (A), between a rest position and a working position,
    - a moving permanent magnet (5) in the form of a torus mounted to be attached in translation to the actuating button (3) and coaxial about the main axis (A), said moving permanent magnet (5) creating a magnetic field (M) and having a direction of magnetization parallel to the main axis (A),
    - a cylindrical fixed permanent magnet (60) mounted coaxial relative to the moving permanent magnet (5), the moving permanent magnet (5) and the fixed permanent magnet (60) having dimensions determined in order to be able to slide relative to one another,
    - a sensor (2) sensitive to the magnetic field and suitable for controlling the electric circuit upon a displacement of the actuating button (3), the sensor being a switch (2) comprising a moving element driven by magnetic effect by the moving permanent magnet between an open position and a closed position of the electric circuit,
    said device being characterized in that:
    - the switch (2) is positioned about the main axis (A), inside the torus formed by the moving permanent magnet (5),
    - in the rest position of the actuating button (3), the magnetic field (M) has field lines (L), the direction of which forces the moving element to assume one of its two positions,
    - in the working position of the actuating button (3), the direction of the field lines (L) of the magnetic field (M) is reversed, forcing the moving element to assume the other of its two positions,
    - depending on the position of the actuating button (3), the moving element is on one side or the other of a median plane of the moving permanent magnet (5) perpendicular to the direction of magnetization of the moving permanent magnet (5).
  2. Device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the fixed permanent magnet (60) is in the form of a disc.
  3. Device according to Claim 2, characterized in that the fixed permanent magnet (60) has an outer diameter less than the inner diameter of the moving permanent magnet (5) in the form of a torus.
  4. Device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the fixed permanent magnet (60) is in the form of a torus.
  5. Device according to Claim 4, characterized in that the fixed permanent magnet (60) in the form of a torus has an outer diameter less than the inner diameter of the moving permanent magnet (5) in the form of a torus.
  6. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a fixed annular ferromagnetic piece (90) is mounted on the body (10) around the fixed permanent magnet (60).
  7. Device according to Claim 6, characterized in that the ferromagnetic piece (90) has a diameter substantially greater than the outer diameter of the moving permanent magnet (5).
  8. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it comprises a mechanical abutment (15) for the actuating button (3) in the working position, said mechanical abutment (15) being positioned to maintain a magnetic effect of repulsion between the fixed permanent magnet (60) and the moving permanent magnet (5) regardless of the position of the actuating button (3).
  9. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it comprises a magnetic retaining device for the actuating button (3) requiring a minimal force to be exerted on the actuating button (3) to begin its movement.
  10. Device according to Claim 9, characterized in that the retaining device comprises two ferromagnetic pieces (7, 8) cooperating when the actuating button (3) is in the rest position, a first piece (7) being mounted on the actuating button (3) and a second piece (8) being mounted on the body (10) of the device (1).
  11. Device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the moving element of the switch (2) is offset relative to the main axis (A).
  12. Device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the moving element is a pivoting membrane (20) mounted on a substrate (4) and bearing, at one of its ends, an electric contact (21) establishing the electrical junction between two fixed contacts (41, 42) positioned on the substrate (4) when the membrane (20) is in the closed position of the electric circuit.
  13. Device according to Claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a number of switches (2) offset relative to the main axis (A).
  14. Device according to Claim 13, characterized in that the switches are positioned symmetrically relative to the main axis (A).
  15. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 14, characterized in that it comprises a magnetic shielding device (7, 8, 90).
  16. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 15, characterized in that it is used as a pushbutton or position switch.
EP06763489A 2005-06-06 2006-06-02 Electric circuit switching device using a movable toroidal magnet Not-in-force EP1889275B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0551507A FR2886759B1 (en) 2005-06-06 2005-06-06 DEVICE FOR SWITCHING AN ELECTRIC CIRCUIT USING A MOBILE TORIC MAGNET
PCT/EP2006/062870 WO2006131502A1 (en) 2005-06-06 2006-06-02 Electric circuit switching device using a movable toroidal magnet

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1889275A1 EP1889275A1 (en) 2008-02-20
EP1889275B1 true EP1889275B1 (en) 2012-08-01

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06763489A Not-in-force EP1889275B1 (en) 2005-06-06 2006-06-02 Electric circuit switching device using a movable toroidal magnet

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1889275B1 (en)
FR (1) FR2886759B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2006131502A1 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US3260821A (en) 1963-10-04 1966-07-12 Yokoo Yusaku Push switch
US3283274A (en) * 1963-10-04 1966-11-01 Falco Angelo De Push button reed switch
DE1590479A1 (en) * 1965-09-28 1970-07-09 Schaltbau Gmbh Electrical snap switch
US3452307A (en) 1967-12-05 1969-06-24 Syndyne Corp Drawknob organ switch
US3611219A (en) * 1968-11-29 1971-10-05 Omron Tateisi Electronics Co Electric snap switch
GB1269547A (en) * 1969-10-30 1972-04-06 Pye T M C Ltd Formerly Known A Improvements in or relating to push-button switches
GB1378326A (en) * 1973-04-16 1974-12-27 Kimber Allen Ltd Electrical switches
US3921108A (en) * 1974-06-20 1975-11-18 Time Computer Pushbutton for solid state wristwatch
US4054944A (en) * 1975-01-17 1977-10-18 Redactron Corporation Finger operated switching device
FR2392483A1 (en) * 1977-05-25 1978-12-22 Renault MAGNETIC CONTROLLED CONTACTOR
DE69529978T2 (en) * 1994-12-28 2004-01-29 Idec Izumi Corp THIN SWITCHING DEVICE AND DISPLAY DEVICE WITH SWITCH
DE29905431U1 (en) * 1999-03-24 1999-06-02 Kostal Leopold Gmbh & Co Kg Electrical switch
US6633158B1 (en) * 2001-09-17 2003-10-14 Jun Shen Micro magnetic proximity sensor apparatus and sensing method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2886759B1 (en) 2007-08-17
EP1889275A1 (en) 2008-02-20
FR2886759A1 (en) 2006-12-08
WO2006131502A1 (en) 2006-12-14

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