EP1888243B1 - Device for manufacturing dispersed mineral products - Google Patents

Device for manufacturing dispersed mineral products Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1888243B1
EP1888243B1 EP06755254.7A EP06755254A EP1888243B1 EP 1888243 B1 EP1888243 B1 EP 1888243B1 EP 06755254 A EP06755254 A EP 06755254A EP 1888243 B1 EP1888243 B1 EP 1888243B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
separator
particles
mineral
separation chamber
flow
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EP06755254.7A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1888243A2 (en
Inventor
Thomas Mangelberger
Bahman Tavakkoli
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Omya GmbH
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Omya GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C7/00—Separating solids from solids by electrostatic effect
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
    • B02C23/08—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating
    • B02C23/10—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating with separator arranged in discharge path of crushing or disintegrating zone
    • B02C23/12—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating with separator arranged in discharge path of crushing or disintegrating zone with return of oversize material to crushing or disintegrating zone
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
    • B02C23/08—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/02—Plant or installations having external electricity supply
    • B03C3/04—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type
    • B03C3/14—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type characterised by the additional use of mechanical effects, e.g. gravity
    • B03C3/15—Centrifugal forces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C7/00—Separating solids from solids by electrostatic effect
    • B03C7/006—Charging without electricity supply, e.g. by tribo-electricity, pyroelectricity

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and apparatus for producing disperse mineral products.
  • Naturally occurring deposits of mineral raw materials consist of a mixture of different substances.
  • the minerals extracted for a given application are normally contaminated by a number of different minerals.
  • the comminuted mineral raw material is enriched and purified in an aqueous suspension by flotation, by magnetic separation or by density sorting. After cleaning, the mineral filler is finely ground in aqueous suspension and sold as a suspension, so-called "slurry".
  • slurry dry powder could also be produced from a wet-processed mineral substance, the substance would have to be dehydrated and thermally dried, but this is very energy-intensive and expensive.
  • treatment processes are generally used in which the mineral raw material is comminuted and classified by dry grinding and sifting.
  • flow classifiers are used to classify mineral products.
  • the particles produced in the milling must be dispersed in air and separated to obtain an efficient classification in the flow classifier.
  • the products produced by the flow classifier are separated from the air in downstream dedusting plants. In plants for grinding and classifying mineral substances, a complete particle disposition and dedusting system is thus installed.
  • the raw material can not be cleaned or only very inefficient. Therefore, for the production of high quality disperse mineral products, especially fillers, only very pure and high quality raw materials are used, but are available only to a limited extent.
  • the tribo-charging unit particles Due to the electric field between the differently charged plates, the previously differently charged in the tribo-charging unit particles, namely carbon on the one hand and fly ash on the other hand, separated from each other. By means of cyclones, the separated particles are separated from the gas and collected in containers.
  • Plastic waste is electrostatically separated.
  • a mixture of plastic particles in air in a rotating drum is electrostatically charged and passed through sieve holes on the circumference of the drum into a chute in which both sides of the fall plus / minus electrodes for the electrostatic separation of the particles are provided according to their different charge.
  • AU 674 011 B2 refers to a unitary unit for crushing lump coal to coal powder and supplying it in the form of a coal powder-air mixture to the burner of a coal-fired power boiler.
  • the charcoal is fed through a downpipe to a coal mill.
  • the mill has two horizontal discs with intermeshing rings. Coal and air flow radially outward through these rings. On the outer circumference of the mill a Querstromsichtung is provided. The carbon particles are triboelectrically charged in the mill.
  • the air-carbon particle ring leaving the mill is blown from below through a sight ring, the finer particles are discharged via a channel, and the coarse particles, namely pyrite impurities, fall down and thus participate a split ring / separating ring separated.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a system in which the mineral raw material is efficiently cleaned from the foreign particles, so that less pure starting raw materials can be used for the production of high quality disperse mineral products, especially fillers.
  • the system according to the invention comprises the features of claim 1.
  • Advantageous embodiments of the invention are characterized in the subclaims.
  • the charging of the particles is based on the triboelectric charging resulting from the intensive friction of the solid particles on each other and on the parts of the classifier, in particular the rotor and stator parts of a centrifugal force separator, whereupon the charged particle dispersion for the electrostatic separation of the impurities is passed from the value particles through an electrostatic separation chamber, which is switched between Strömungsklassierer and Heilabscheidesystem in the process.
  • connection pipe between the flow classifier and the electrostatic separation chamber may consist of or be lined with electrically conductive material and the electrically conductive parts may be connected to a pole of a DC voltage source.
  • the electrostatic separation chamber may be inserted into the fines stream or into the coarse material stream of the flow classifier. Apart from the subsequent electrostatic sorting the electrostatic charge is already advantageous even for the viewing process itself, since the electrostatically charged particles distribute more evenly in the air flow.
  • one or more moving or static parts of the flow classifier may be made of or coated with special materials.
  • the choice of material depends on the electron work function of the mineral components to be separated and may include materials such as steel, copper, brass, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl chloride, aluminum or ceramics.
  • the electron work function is the work required to remove an electron from the top energy band of a solid state atom; it is equal to the difference of the potential energies of an electron between the vacuum level u. the Fermi level.
  • the vacuum level here is equal to the energy of a resting electron at a great distance from the surface / the Fermi level is the electrochemical potential of the electrons in the solid state.
  • the rotor of the classifier may consist of Steel, copper or brass, because the quartz is negatively charged due to its higher work function when frictionally contacting with steel, copper or brass, and on the other hand, the calcium carbonate is positively charged due to its lower electron work on frictional contact with steel, copper or brass.
  • the crusher is preferably a ball mill, but a rod mill, autogenous mill, semi-autogenous mill, bowl mill, pin mill, impact mill, hammer mill, vibrating mill, jet mill, agitator mill, or any other suitable crusher may also be provided.
  • a centrifugal separator is preferably provided, but it can also be any other type of flow classifier can be used, for example: Querstromsichter, zigzag sifter, scattering disc air classifier, Aufstromsichter, Spiralwindsichter.
  • the solid particles to be separated can be any type, contour, size and source, as long as they are small enough to be registered in a flow classifier and classified therein and charged triboelectrically.
  • the separable solid particles should have a particle size range of less than 10 mm, wherein preferably the mean particle size should be in the range between greater than 2 microns to less than 1 mm.
  • the mineral powder to be separated can be composed of any number and in any mixture of different mineral components (valuable substances and impurities).
  • the plant after Fig. 1 contains a ball mill 1 for crushing and digestion of the mineral raw material and as a flow classifier a centrifugal separator 2, which also serves for the classification according to the invention at the same time for the triboelectric charging of the minced mineral particles.
  • the rotor shaft 25 is coated in the region of the passage through the fine material outlet pipe 14 with the sleeve 22 of electrically non-conductive material.
  • the fine material outlet pipe is protected by the electrical insulation layer 37 from uncontrolled voltage transitions.
  • the rotor shaft 25 which is under DC voltage is separated from the drive motor 18 by the electrically insulated coupling 19 and the electrical insulation layer 36.
  • the live components in the storage of the rotor shaft 25 and the slip ring 20 are separated by an electrically non-conductive protective housing 21 from the environment.
  • the fine material outlet pipe 14 of the classifier is likewise insulated from the classifier housing 23 by an electrically non-conductive insulating layer 29.
  • the classifying air is introduced through the sighting air inlet 16 and the crushed mineral powder 26 through the feed opening 27 into the viewing space and dispersed through the turbulent air flow 25 prevailing in the viewing space.
  • the particles dispersed in the air follow the air flow in the viewing space and must flow through the quickly rotating sifting basket 15. This leads to intensive contact and friction of the particles on the lamellae of the classifier basket 15 and thus to a tribo-electrostatic charge of the mineral powder. Coarse mineral particles can not flow through the classifier basket 15 but are rejected by it. This also leads to intensive contact and friction with the classifier basket 15 and the classifier housing 23 and thus also for the triboelectric charging of the coarse mineral particles 24, which are discharged through the coarse material outlet 28 from the classifier.
  • the material particles and the contaminants of the sifting basket 15 are coated with a material whose electron work function lies between the electron work function of the valuable substance and the contaminant to reinforce the triboelectric charging.
  • the fine material outlet pipe 14 may be made of a material whose electron work function lies between the electron work function of the valuable material and the contaminant.
  • connecting tube 11 between the centrifugal force separator 2 and the separation chamber 3 may be connected to the pole of a DC voltage source 10.
  • the charged fine material stream 32 passes into a preferably vertically oriented electrostatic separation chamber 3, which is equipped with separation electrodes 4, 4a.
  • the charged fines dispersion is separated into a dispersion stream 30 containing the purified product and a dispersion stream 31 containing the precipitated foreign particles.
  • the two separate dispersion streams 30 and 31 are passed through a respective system for separating the air.
  • These two air separation systems consist for example of separation cyclone 7 and / or dust filter 8 and fan 9, which by negative pressure, the required air flow to disperse and transport the mineral particles through the Flow classifier and the separation chamber generated.
  • the purified mineral powder passes into container 12, and the separated foreign particle powder passes into another container 13.
  • Fig. 4 shows an embodiment in which the fine material flow of the centrifugal separator 2 is the final product, while the coarse material flow 24 of the centrifugal separator is passed under supply of the required air 33 in an electrostatic separation chamber 3.
  • the coarse material dispersion is thus divided into two sub-streams, of which one sub-stream 34 containing the value particles, is returned to the entrance of the mill, while the foreign particles containing other sub-stream 35 - after deposition of the dispersion air - as waste or by-product is further treated.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
  • Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
  • Colloid Chemistry (AREA)
  • Extraction Or Liquid Replacement (AREA)
  • Compounds Of Alkaline-Earth Elements, Aluminum Or Rare-Earth Metals (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung disperser mineralischer Produkte.The invention relates to a method and apparatus for producing disperse mineral products.

Natürlich vorkommende Lagerstätten mineralischer Rohstoffe bestehen aus einer Mischung verschiedener Stoffe. Der für eine bestimmte Anwendung abgebaute mineralische Rohstoff ist im Normalfall durch eine Anzahl unterschiedlicher Begleitminerale verunreinigt.Naturally occurring deposits of mineral raw materials consist of a mixture of different substances. The minerals extracted for a given application are normally contaminated by a number of different minerals.

Zur Nutzbarmachung der mineralischen Rohstoffe müssen diese bergtechnisch gewonnen und die Wertminerale durch verschiedene aufbereitungstechnische Prozesse angereichert und gereinigt werden.For the utilization of the mineral raw materials, these must be obtained by mining technology and the valuable minerals enriched and purified by various treatment technology processes.

Je höher die Anreicherung und die Reinheit des Wertstoffes in einem mineralischen Produkt sind, umso wertvoller ist es. Dies gilt besonders für den Einsatz von mineralischen Rohstoffen als hochwertige Füllstoffe in der Papier-, Farben,- Lacke-, Kunststoff- und pharmazeutischen Industrie. Die Qualität von mineralischen Füllstoffen in diesen Anwendungsgebieten richtet sich in erster Linie nach der chemischen und mineralogischen Reinheit des Produktes. Dementsprechend können entweder nur sehr reine Lagerstätten mineralischer Rohstoffe zur Herstellung von Füllstoffen eingesetzt werden, oder es müssen entsprechend aufwendige aufbereitungstechnische Verfahren zur Anreicherung und Reinigung der Rohstoffe eingesetzt werden.The higher the enrichment and the purity of the valuable substance in a mineral product, the more valuable it is. This applies in particular to the use of mineral raw materials as high-quality fillers in the paper, paint, coatings, plastics and pharmaceutical industries. The quality of mineral fillers in these fields of application depends primarily on the chemical and mineralogical purity of the product. Accordingly, either only very pure deposits of mineral raw materials for the production of fillers can be used, or it must be used according to elaborate processing technology for enrichment and purification of raw materials.

Wird ein nasstechnisches Aufbereitungsverfahren eingesetzt, so wird der zerkleinerte mineralische Rohstoff in wässriger Suspension durch Flotation, durch Magnetscheidung oder mittels Dichtesortierung angereichert und gereinigt. Nach erfolgter Reinigung wird der mineralische Füllstoff in wässriger Suspension fein vermählen und als Suspension, sogenannter "Slurry", verkauft. Aus einem nassaufbereiteten mineralischen Stoff könnte zwar auch Trockenpulver hergestellt werden, dazu müsste der Stoff aber entwässert und thermisch getrocknet werden, dies ist jedoch sehr energieintensiv und teuer.If a wet processing method is used, the comminuted mineral raw material is enriched and purified in an aqueous suspension by flotation, by magnetic separation or by density sorting. After cleaning, the mineral filler is finely ground in aqueous suspension and sold as a suspension, so-called "slurry". Although dry powder could also be produced from a wet-processed mineral substance, the substance would have to be dehydrated and thermally dried, but this is very energy-intensive and expensive.

Zur Herstellung von trockenen, dispersen mineralischer Produkte werden daher im allgemeinen Aufbereitungsverfahren eingesetzt, bei welchen der mineralische Rohstoff durch trockene Mahlung und Sichtung zerkleinert und klassiert wird.For the production of dry, disperse mineral products, therefore, treatment processes are generally used in which the mineral raw material is comminuted and classified by dry grinding and sifting.

In den Mahl-Sichtkreisläufen werden Strömungsklassierer zur Klassierung von mineralischen Produkten eingesetzt. Zur Klassierung müssen die in der Mahlung erzeugten Partikel in Luft dispergiert und vereinzelt werden, um im Strömungklassierer eine effiziente Klassierung zu erhalten. Die vom Strömungsklassierer erzeugten Produkte werden in nachgeschalteten Entstaubungsanlagen von der Luft abgetrennt. In Anlagen zur Mahlung und Klassierung von mineralischen Stoffen ist somit ein komplettes Partikeldispegierungs- und Entstaubungssystem installiert.In the grinding-sighting cycles, flow classifiers are used to classify mineral products. For classification, the particles produced in the milling must be dispersed in air and separated to obtain an efficient classification in the flow classifier. The products produced by the flow classifier are separated from the air in downstream dedusting plants. In plants for grinding and classifying mineral substances, a complete particle disposition and dedusting system is thus installed.

Hierbei kann aber der Rohstoff bisher nicht oder nur sehr uneffizient gereinigt werden. Daher können zur Herstellung von hochqualitativen dispersen mineralischen Produkten, insbesondere von Füllstoffen, nur sehr reine und hochwertige Ausgangs-Rohstoffe verwendet werden, die aber nur im begrenzten Umfang zur Verfügung stehen .Here, however, the raw material can not be cleaned or only very inefficient. Therefore, for the production of high quality disperse mineral products, especially fillers, only very pure and high quality raw materials are used, but are available only to a limited extent.

In anderem Zusammenhang, bei anderen Stoffen und Zwecken, ist die elektrostatische Trennung an sich schon bekannt. In Patent US 5 885 330 wird ein Verfahren zur Abtrennung von unverbranntem Kohlenstoff aus Flugasche beschrieben. Danach werden mittels eines Zentrifugalkraftsichters Grobpartikel aus der Flugasche abgeschieden und in einem getrennten Behälter aufgefangen. Der Feingutstrom wird in eine separate Tribo-Aufladeeinheit geleitet, welche verschieden aufgebaut sein kann, aber jedenfalls die Kohlenstoffpartikel und Flugaschepartikel unterschiedlich auflädt. Diese Dispersion mit den unterschiedlich aufgeladenen Partikeln fällt in einem Fallschacht zwischen einer negativ geladenen Kupferplatte und einer positiv geladenen Kupferplatte. Durch das elektrische Feld zwischen den unterschiedlich geladenen Platten werden die zuvor in der Tribo-Aufladeeinheit unterschiedlich geladenen Partikel, nämlich Kohlenstoff einerseits und Flugasche andererseits, von einander getrennt. Mittels Zyklonen werden die getrennten Partikel aus dem Gas abgetrennt und in Behältern aufgefangen.In other context, in other substances and purposes, the electrostatic separation is already known per se. In patent US 5,885,330 describes a process for the separation of unburned carbon from fly ash. Thereafter, coarse particles are separated from the fly ash by means of a centrifugal separator and collected in a separate container. The fines stream is directed into a separate tribo-charging unit, which may be of different construction, but in any case charges the carbon particles and fly ash particles differently. This dispersion with the differently charged particles falls in a chute between a negatively charged copper plate and a positively charged copper plate. Due to the electric field between the differently charged plates, the previously differently charged in the tribo-charging unit particles, namely carbon on the one hand and fly ash on the other hand, separated from each other. By means of cyclones, the separated particles are separated from the gas and collected in containers.

Gemäß EP 1,251,964 = WO 01/52998 wird Plastikabfall elektrostatisch getrennt. Dabei wird eine Mischung von Plastikteilchen in Luft in einer drehenden Trommel elektrostatisch aufgeladen und durch Sieblöcher am Umfang der Trommel hindurch in einen Fallschacht gegeben, in dem beiderseits des Fallweges Plus/ Minuselektroden zur elektrostatischen Trennung der Partikel nach ihrer unterschiedlichen Ladung vorgesehen sind.According to EP 1,251,964 = WO 01/52998 Plastic waste is electrostatically separated. In this case, a mixture of plastic particles in air in a rotating drum is electrostatically charged and passed through sieve holes on the circumference of the drum into a chute in which both sides of the fall plus / minus electrodes for the electrostatic separation of the particles are provided according to their different charge.

Bei beiden vorgenannten Patenten ist im Anschluss an die Zerkleinerung jeweils eine besondere, zusätzliche Vorrichtung zur elektrostatischen Aufladung erforderlich. Außerdem handelt es sich um ganz andere Materialien.In the case of both aforementioned patents, a special, additional device for electrostatic charging is required in each case following comminution. Moreover, they are completely different materials.

AU 674 011 B2 bezieht sich auf ein einheitliches Aggregat zum Zerkleinern von Stückkohle zu Kohlepulver und Zufuhr in Form eines Kohlepulver-Luftgemischs zum Brenner eines Kohlekraftwerkkessels. Die Stückkohle wird durch ein Fallrohr einer Kohlemühle zugeführt. Die Mühle weist zwei horizontale Scheiben mit ineinandergreifenden Ringen auf. Mäanderförmig strömen Kohle und Luft durch diese Ringe radial nach außen. Am Außenumfang der Mühle ist eine Querstromsichtung vorgesehen. In der Mühle werden die Kohlepartikel triboelektrisch aufgeladen Der aus der Mühle horizontal austretende Luftkohlepartikelring wird von unten durch einen Sichtluftring angeblasen, die feineren Partikel werden über einen Kanal abgeführt, und die groben Partikel, nämlich Pyrit-Verunreinigungen, fallen nach unten und werden somit unter Mitwirkung eines Splitterrings/Trennrings abgetrennt. AU 674 011 B2 refers to a unitary unit for crushing lump coal to coal powder and supplying it in the form of a coal powder-air mixture to the burner of a coal-fired power boiler. The charcoal is fed through a downpipe to a coal mill. The mill has two horizontal discs with intermeshing rings. Coal and air flow radially outward through these rings. On the outer circumference of the mill a Querstromsichtung is provided. The carbon particles are triboelectrically charged in the mill. The air-carbon particle ring leaving the mill is blown from below through a sight ring, the finer particles are discharged via a channel, and the coarse particles, namely pyrite impurities, fall down and thus participate a split ring / separating ring separated.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Anlage zu schaffen, in der der mineralische Rohstoff effizient von den Fremdteilchen gereinigt wird, so dass zur Herstellung von hochqualitativen dispersen mineralischen Produkten, insbesondere von Füllstoffen, auch weniger reine Ausgangs-Rohstoffe verwendet werden können.The invention has for its object to provide a system in which the mineral raw material is efficiently cleaned from the foreign particles, so that less pure starting raw materials can be used for the production of high quality disperse mineral products, especially fillers.

Dazu umfasst die erfindungsgmäße Anlage die Merkmale von Anspruch 1. Vorteilhafte Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen charakterisiert,
Bei der erfindungsgemässen Anlage dagegen wird zur Aufladung der Teilchen die sich aus der intensiven Reibung der Feststoffteilchen an einander und an den Teilen des Klassierers, insbesondere den Rotorund Statorteilen eines Zentrifugalkraftsichter, ergebende triboelektrische Aufladung ausgenutzt, worauf die aufgeladene Teilchen-Dispersion zur elektrostatischen Trennung der Verunreinigungen von den Wert-Teilchen durch eine elektrostatische Trennkammer hindurchgeführt wird, die zwischen Strömungsklassierer und Luftabscheidesystem in den Verfahrensgang eingeschaltet ist.For this purpose, the system according to the invention comprises the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are characterized in the subclaims,
In contrast, in the system according to the invention, the charging of the particles is based on the triboelectric charging resulting from the intensive friction of the solid particles on each other and on the parts of the classifier, in particular the rotor and stator parts of a centrifugal force separator, whereupon the charged particle dispersion for the electrostatic separation of the impurities is passed from the value particles through an electrostatic separation chamber, which is switched between Strömungsklassierer and Luftabscheidesystem in the process.

Darüber hinaus können zur Verstärkung der Aufladung unterschiedliche Bauteile des Klassierers, insbesondere Gehäuseteile einerseits und der Rotor andererseits, an unterschiedliche Pole einer Gleichspannungsquelle angeschlossen sein.In addition, to increase the charge different components of the classifier, in particular housing parts on the one hand and the rotor on the other hand, to different poles of a DC voltage source to be connected.

Ferner kann das Verbindungsrohr zwischen dem Strömungsklassierer und der elektrostatischen Trennkammer aus elektrisch leitendem Material bestehen oder mit diesem ausgekleidet bzw. beschichtet sein und die elektrisch leitenden Teile an einen Pol einer Gleichspannungsquelle angeschlossen sein.Further, the connection pipe between the flow classifier and the electrostatic separation chamber may consist of or be lined with electrically conductive material and the electrically conductive parts may be connected to a pole of a DC voltage source.

Die elektrostatische Trennkammer kann in den Feingutstrom oder in den Grobgutstrom des Strömungsklassierers eingefügt sein. Abgesehen von der nachfolgenden elektrostatischen Sortierung ist die elektrostatische Aufladung auch bereits für den Sichtvorgang selbst vorteilhaft, da sich die elektrostatisch geladenen Teilchen gleichmässiger in dem Luftstrom verteilen.The electrostatic separation chamber may be inserted into the fines stream or into the coarse material stream of the flow classifier. Apart from the subsequent electrostatic sorting the electrostatic charge is already advantageous even for the viewing process itself, since the electrostatically charged particles distribute more evenly in the air flow.

Zur weiteren Verbesserung der selektiven Aufladung der einzelnen Komponenten des Mineralstoffgemisches, kann ein Teil bzw. können mehrere bewegte oder statische Teile des Strömungsklassierers aus speziellen Werkstoffen hergestellt oder mit diesen beschichtet sein.To further improve the selective charging of the individual components of the mineral mixture, one or more moving or static parts of the flow classifier may be made of or coated with special materials.

Die Wahl des Werkstoffes hängt von der Elektronenaustrittsarbeit der zu trennenden Mineralstoffkomponenten ab und kann Werkstoffe wie Stahl, Kupfer, Messing, Polytetrafluorethylen, Polyvynilchlorid, Aluminium oder keramischer Werkstoffe umfassen.The choice of material depends on the electron work function of the mineral components to be separated and may include materials such as steel, copper, brass, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl chloride, aluminum or ceramics.

Die Elektronenaustrittsarbeit ist die Arbeit, die erforderlich ist um ein Elektron aus dem obersten Energieband eines Festkörperatoms zu entfernen; sie ist gleich der Differenz der potentiellen Energien eines Elektrons zwischen dem Vakuumniveau u. dem Ferminiveau.The electron work function is the work required to remove an electron from the top energy band of a solid state atom; it is equal to the difference of the potential energies of an electron between the vacuum level u. the Fermi level.

Das Vakuumniveau ist hierbei gleich der Energie eines ruhenden Elektrons in grosser Entfernung von der Oberfläche/ das Ferminiveau ist das elektrochemische Potential der Elektronen im Festkörper.The vacuum level here is equal to the energy of a resting electron at a great distance from the surface / the Fermi level is the electrochemical potential of the electrons in the solid state.

Beim Kontakt zweier Stoffe mit unterschiedlicher Elektronenaustrittsarbeit wird immer der Stoff mit der höheren Elektronenaustrittsarbeit (Akzeptor) negativ geladen, und der Stoff mit der geringeren Elektronenaustrittsarbeit (Donator) positiv geladen. Somit können zum Zwecke der selektiven Ladungserzeugung an unterschiedlichen Teilchen eines mineralischen Rohstoffgemisches gezielt Werkstoffe mit höherer oder geringerer Elektronenaustrittsarbeit eingesetzt werden.When two substances come into contact with different electron work function, the substance with the higher electron work function (acceptor) is always negatively charged, and the substance with the lower electron work function (donor) is positively charged. Thus, for the purpose of selective charge generation on different particles of a mineral mixture of raw materials specifically materials with higher or lower electron work function can be used.

Zum Beispiel kann für die Abtrennung von Quarz aus Kalzium Karbonat der Rotor des Klassierers aus Stahl, Kupfer oder Messing sein, da der Quarz aufgrund seiner hö- heren Elektronenaustrittsarbeit beim Reibungskontakt mit Stahl, Kupfer oder Messing negativ geladen wird, und andererseits das KalziumKarbonat aufgrund seiner niedrigeren Elektronenaustrittsarbeit beim Reibungskontakt mit Stahl, Kupfer oder Messing positiv geladen wird.For example, for the separation of quartz from calcium carbonate, the rotor of the classifier may consist of Steel, copper or brass, because the quartz is negatively charged due to its higher work function when frictionally contacting with steel, copper or brass, and on the other hand, the calcium carbonate is positively charged due to its lower electron work on frictional contact with steel, copper or brass.

Die Zerkleinerungsmaschine ist vorzugsweise eine Kugelmühle, es kann aber auch eine Stabmühle, Autogenmühle, Semiautogenmühle, Walzenschüsselmühle, Stiftmühle, Prallmühle, Hammermühle, Schwingmühle, Strahlmühle, Rührwerksmühle oder jede andere entsprechenden Zerkleinerungsmaschine vorgesehen sein.The crusher is preferably a ball mill, but a rod mill, autogenous mill, semi-autogenous mill, bowl mill, pin mill, impact mill, hammer mill, vibrating mill, jet mill, agitator mill, or any other suitable crusher may also be provided.

Für die Klassierung und triboelektrische Aufladung, der zerkleinerten Mineralstoffpartikel ist vorzugsweise ein Zentrifugalkraft-Sichter vorgesehen, es kann aber auch jede andere Art von Strömungsklassierer eingesetzt werden, beispielweise: Querstromsichter, Zick-Zacksichter, Streutellerwindsichter, Aufstromsichter, Spiralwindsichter.For the classification and triboelectric charging, the minced mineral particles, a centrifugal separator is preferably provided, but it can also be any other type of flow classifier can be used, for example: Querstromsichter, zigzag sifter, scattering disc air classifier, Aufstromsichter, Spiralwindsichter.

Die zu trennenden Feststoffteilchen können dabei beliebiger Art, Kontur, Größe und Quelle sein, solange sie klein genug sind in einem Strömungsklassierer eingetragen und darin klassiert und triboelektisch aufgeladen zu werden. Die trennbaren Feststoffteilchen sollten einen Korngrössenbereich von kleiner 10 mm aufweisen, wobei vorzugsweise die mittlere Korngrösse im Bereich zwischen grösser 2 µm bis kleiner 1 mm liegen sollte.The solid particles to be separated can be any type, contour, size and source, as long as they are small enough to be registered in a flow classifier and classified therein and charged triboelectrically. The separable solid particles should have a particle size range of less than 10 mm, wherein preferably the mean particle size should be in the range between greater than 2 microns to less than 1 mm.

Das zu trennende Mineralstoffpulver kann aus einer beliebigen Anzahl und in beliebiger Mischung unterschiedlicher Mineralstoffkomponenten (Wertstoffe und Verunreinigungen) zusammengesetzt sein.The mineral powder to be separated can be composed of any number and in any mixture of different mineral components (valuable substances and impurities).

Die Erfindung ist im Folgenden anhand von zwei Ausführungsbeispielen von Anlagen in Verbindung mit den Zeichnungen noch näher erläutert:

  • Fig. 1 zeigt ein Ausführungsbeispiel, bei dem die elektrostatische Trennkammer in den Feingutstrom des Strömungsklassierers implementiert ist und der Grobgutstrom in den Einlass der Mühle zurückgeführt ist.
  • Fig. 2 zeigt anhand des vergrößerten Ausschnitts II aus Fig. 1 einen Sichter, der zur Verstärkung der Aufladung an eine Gleichspannungsquelle angeschlossen ist.
  • Fig. 3 ist eine Vergrößerung von Fig. 2 und zeigt deutlicher einige Isolierteile.
  • Fig. 4 zeigt ein Ausführungsbeispiel, bei dem die Trennkammer in den Grobgutstrom des Strömungsklassierers implementiert ist.
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to two embodiments of systems in conjunction with the drawings:
  • Fig. 1 shows an embodiment in which the electrostatic separation chamber is implemented in the fines stream of the flow classifier and the coarse material stream is returned to the inlet of the mill.
  • Fig. 2 shows on the basis of the enlarged section II Fig. 1 a separator, which is connected to a DC voltage source to boost the charge.
  • Fig. 3 is an enlargement of Fig. 2 and shows more clearly some insulating parts.
  • Fig. 4 shows an embodiment in which the separation chamber is implemented in the coarse flow of the Strömungsklassierers.

Die Anlage nach Fig. 1 enthält eine Kugelmühle 1 zur Zerkleinerung und zum Aufschluss des mineralischen Rohstoffs und als Strömungsklassierer einen Zentrifugalkraftsichter 2, welcher außer zur Klassierung erfindungsgemäss gleichzeitig zur triboelektrischen Aufladung der zerkleinerten Mineralstoffteilchen dient.The plant after Fig. 1 contains a ball mill 1 for crushing and digestion of the mineral raw material and as a flow classifier a centrifugal separator 2, which also serves for the classification according to the invention at the same time for the triboelectric charging of the minced mineral particles.

Zur Erzielung einer besseren triboelektrostatischen Aufladung und einer höheren Ladungsdichte der den Zentrifugalkraftsichter 2 durchströmenden Teilchen kann eine externe elektrische Gleichspannung 10 an einen oder mehrere rotierende oder feststehende Teile des Zentrifugalkraftsichters 2 angeschlossen werden. In Fig. 2 und Fig. 3 ist dies näher dargestellt:

  • Der Sichterkorb 15 ist mittels Rotorwelle 25 und Kupplung 19 mit dem Antriebsmotor 18 verbunden. An der Rotorwelle 25 ist ein Schleifring 20 angebracht, welcher über zwei Kohlebürsten 17 mit einem Pol einer Gleichspannungsquelle 10 verbunden ist, während der andere Pol geerdet ist. Die von der Gleichspannungsquelle 10 abgegebene elektrische Spannung wird über die Kohlebürsten 17 und den Schleifring 20 auf die aus elektrisch leitendem Werkstoff bestehende Rotorwelle 25 und weiter auf den leitend an der Rotorwelle angebrachten Sichterkorb 15 übertragen.
To achieve a better triboelectrostatic charge and a higher charge density of the particles flowing through the centrifugal separator 2, an external DC electrical voltage 10 can be connected to one or more rotating or stationary parts of the centrifugal separator 2. In Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 this is shown in more detail:
  • The classifier basket 15 is connected to the drive motor 18 by means of the rotor shaft 25 and coupling 19. On the rotor shaft 25, a slip ring 20 is attached, which is connected via two carbon brushes 17 to one pole of a DC voltage source 10, while the other pole is grounded. The electrical voltage delivered by the DC voltage source 10 is transmitted via the carbon brushes 17 and the slip ring 20 to the existing of electrically conductive material rotor shaft 25 and further on the conductive mounted on the rotor shaft 15 sorter basket.

Zur Vermeidung einer unkontrollierten Spannungsübertragung von der Rotorwelle 25 auf das Feingutaustrittsrohr 14 ist die Rotorwelle 25 im Bereich der Durchführung durch das Feingutaustrittsrohr 14 mit der Hülse 22 aus elektrisch nicht leitendem Material überzogen.To avoid uncontrolled transmission of voltage from the rotor shaft 25 to the fine material outlet pipe 14, the rotor shaft 25 is coated in the region of the passage through the fine material outlet pipe 14 with the sleeve 22 of electrically non-conductive material.

Weiters ist das Feingutaustrittsrohr durch die elektrisehe Isolationsschicht 37 von vor unkontrollierten Spannungsübergängen geschützt.Furthermore, the fine material outlet pipe is protected by the electrical insulation layer 37 from uncontrolled voltage transitions.

Motorseitig ist die unter Gleichspannung stehende Rotorwelle 25 durch die elektrisch isolierte Kupplung 19 und die elektrische Isolationsschicht 36 vom Antriebsmotor 18 getrennt.On the motor side, the rotor shaft 25 which is under DC voltage is separated from the drive motor 18 by the electrically insulated coupling 19 and the electrical insulation layer 36.

Die spannungsführenden Bauteile im Bereich der Lagerung der Rotorwelle 25 und des Schleifringes 20 sind durch ein elektrisch nicht leitendes Schutzgehäuse 21 von der Umwelt getrennt.The live components in the storage of the rotor shaft 25 and the slip ring 20 are separated by an electrically non-conductive protective housing 21 from the environment.

Das Feingutaustrittsrohr 14 des Sichters ist ebenfalls durch eine elektrisch nicht leitende Isolationsschicht 29 vom Sichtergehäuse 23 isoliert.The fine material outlet pipe 14 of the classifier is likewise insulated from the classifier housing 23 by an electrically non-conductive insulating layer 29.

Die Sichtluft wird durch den Sichtlufteinlass 16 und das zerkleinerte Mineralpulver 26 wird durch die Aufgabeöffnung 27 in den Sichtraum eingebracht und durch die im Sichtraum herrschende, turbulente Luftströmung 25 dispergiert.The classifying air is introduced through the sighting air inlet 16 and the crushed mineral powder 26 through the feed opening 27 into the viewing space and dispersed through the turbulent air flow 25 prevailing in the viewing space.

Die in der Luft dispergierten Partikel folgen der Luftströmung im Sichtraum und müssen den sich schnell drehenden Sichterkorb 15 durchströmen. Dabei kommt es zu intensivem Kontakt und Reibung der Partikel an den Lamellen des Sichterkorbs 15 und somit zu einer triboelektrostatischen Aufladung des Mineralstoffpulvers. Grobe Mineralstoffpartikel können den Sichterkorb 15 nicht durchströmen sondern werden von diesem abgewiesen. Hierbei kommt es ebenfalls zu intensivem Kontakt und Reibung mit dem Sichterkorb 15 und dem Sichterghäuse 23 und somit auch zur triboelektrischen Aufladung der groben Mineralstoffpartikel 24, welche durch den Grobgutaustritt 28 aus dem Sichter ausgetragen werden.The particles dispersed in the air follow the air flow in the viewing space and must flow through the quickly rotating sifting basket 15. This leads to intensive contact and friction of the particles on the lamellae of the classifier basket 15 and thus to a tribo-electrostatic charge of the mineral powder. Coarse mineral particles can not flow through the classifier basket 15 but are rejected by it. This also leads to intensive contact and friction with the classifier basket 15 and the classifier housing 23 and thus also for the triboelectric charging of the coarse mineral particles 24, which are discharged through the coarse material outlet 28 from the classifier.

In einem weiteren (hier nicht gezeigten) Ausführungsbeispiel ist zur Verstärkung der triboelektrischen Aufladung der Wertstoffpartikeln und der Verunreinigungen der Sichterkorb 15 mit einem Werkstoff beschichtet, dessen Elektronenaustrittsarbeit zwischen der Elektronenaustrittsarbeit des Wertstoffes und der Verunreinigung liegt. In gleicher Weise kann das Feingutaustrittsrohr 14 aus einem Werkstoff gefertigt sein, dessen Elektronenaustrittsarbeit zwischen der Elektronenaustrittsarbeit des Wertstoffes und der Verunreinigung liegt.In another embodiment (not shown here), the material particles and the contaminants of the sifting basket 15 are coated with a material whose electron work function lies between the electron work function of the valuable substance and the contaminant to reinforce the triboelectric charging. In the same way, the fine material outlet pipe 14 may be made of a material whose electron work function lies between the electron work function of the valuable material and the contaminant.

Ferner kann auch das Verbindungsrohr 11 zwischen Zentrifugalkraftsichter 2 und Separationskammer 3 mit dem Pol einer Gleichspannungsquelle 10 verbunden sein.Furthermore, the connecting tube 11 between the centrifugal force separator 2 and the separation chamber 3 may be connected to the pole of a DC voltage source 10.

Der aufgeladene Feingutstrom 32 gelangt in eine vorzugsweise vertikal ausgerichtete elektrostatische Trennkammer 3, welche mit Abscheideelektroden 4, 4a ausgestattet ist.
In der elektrostatischen Trennkammer 3 wird die aufgeladene Feingut-Dispersion getrennt in einen Dispersions-Strom 30, der das gereinigte Produkt enthält, und einen Dispersions-Strom 31, der die ausgeschiedenen Fremdteilchen enthält. Die beiden getrennten Dispersions-Ströme 30 und 31 werden durch je ein System zur Abscheidung der Luft geleitet. Diese beiden Luft-Trennsysteme bestehen zum Beispiel aus Abscheidezyklon 7 und / oder Staubfilter 8 und Lüfter 9, welcher durch Unterdruck die benötigte Luftströmung zur Dispergierung und Transport der Mineralstoffteilchen durch den Strömungsklassierer und die Separationskammer erzeugt.The charged fine material stream 32 passes into a preferably vertically oriented electrostatic separation chamber 3, which is equipped with separation electrodes 4, 4a.
In the electrostatic separation chamber 3, the charged fines dispersion is separated into a dispersion stream 30 containing the purified product and a dispersion stream 31 containing the precipitated foreign particles. The two separate dispersion streams 30 and 31 are passed through a respective system for separating the air. These two air separation systems consist for example of separation cyclone 7 and / or dust filter 8 and fan 9, which by negative pressure, the required air flow to disperse and transport the mineral particles through the Flow classifier and the separation chamber generated.

Das gereinigte Mineralpulver gelangt in Behälter 12, das abgetrennte Fremdteilchenpulver gelangt in einen anderen Behälter 13.The purified mineral powder passes into container 12, and the separated foreign particle powder passes into another container 13.

Fig. 4 zeigt ein Ausführungsbeispiel, bei dem der Feingutstrom des Zentrifugalkraftsichters 2 das Endprodukt ist, während der Grobgutstrom 24 des Zentrifugalkraftsichters unter Zuführung der erforderlichen Luft 33 in eine elektrostatische Trennkammer 3 geleitet wird. Fig. 4 shows an embodiment in which the fine material flow of the centrifugal separator 2 is the final product, while the coarse material flow 24 of the centrifugal separator is passed under supply of the required air 33 in an electrostatic separation chamber 3.

Die Grobgut-Dispersion wird hierbei also in zwei Teilströme aufgeteilt, von denen der eine Teilstrom 34, der die Wert-Teilchen enthält, in den Eingang der Mühle zurückgeführt wird, während der die Fremdteilchen enthaltende andere Teilstrom 35 - nach Abscheidung der Dispersionsluft - als Abfall oder Beiprodukt weiter behandelt wird.The coarse material dispersion is thus divided into two sub-streams, of which one sub-stream 34 containing the value particles, is returned to the entrance of the mill, while the foreign particles containing other sub-stream 35 - after deposition of the dispersion air - as waste or by-product is further treated.

Ansonsten entspricht Fig. 4 im Wesentlichen der Fig. 1, gleiche Teile sind mit gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen.Otherwise corresponds Fig. 4 essentially the Fig. 1 , like parts are given the same reference numerals.

Claims (9)

  1. Installation for manufacturing disperse mineral products comprising a mill (1) for milling a mineral raw material into mineral particles, a device for triboelectrically charging the mineral particles and a flow classifier (2) for classifying the mineral particles in a mechanical way and by electrostatic separation of the triboelectrically charged mineral particles,
    characterized in that
    (a) the flow classifier is a separator (2) connected to the mill (1) in the separator housing (23) of which a turbulent flow is present which separator is configured to electrostatically charge the mineral particles on top of classifying the mineral particles that
    (b) an electrostatic separation chamber (3) is provided connected to the separator (2) for separating the foreign particles triboelectrically charged in the separator (2) which chamber is configured to pick up a charged fine material dispersion output from the separator (2) into a first dispersion flow (30) which contains the purified product, and a second dispersion flow (31) which contains the foreign particles to be separated; and that
    (c) an air separation system (7, 8, 9) for separating dispersion air from the dispersion flows (30, 31) output from the separation chamber (3), are connected to the separation chamber (3), wherein the separation chamber (3) is arranged between the separator (2) and the air separation system (7, 8, 9).
  2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the separation chamber (3) is connected to the separator (2) for taking up a fine material flow of the separator (2).
  3. Installation according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that one air separation system each is provided for inducing the dispersion flows (30, 31).
  4. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the separation chamber (3) is connected to the separator (2) for taking up the course material flows (24) of the separator (2), that an air separation system for taking up the fine material flow of the separator (2) is provided, and that with the separation chamber (3) a first aeration system (7, 8, 9) is connected for taking up a first particle stream (34) which contains valued particles, and a second aeration system (7, 8, 9) for taking up a second particle stream (35) which contains foreign particles.
  5. Installation according to claim 4, characterized in that the separation chamber (3) is connected to the input of the separator (2) for returning the first particle flow (34).
  6. Installation according to one of the proceeding claims, characterized in that containers (12,13) for taking up purified mineral powder or the foreign particle powder, respectively, are connected to the air separation system (7, 8, 9).
  7. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that, for amplifying the triboelectrical charging of the mineral particles, at least one element of the separator (2) is connected to a pole of a direct current source (10).
  8. Installation according to claim 7 in which the separator is a centrifugal force separator, characterized in that for amplifying the charching, at least one rotor part of the centrifugal force separator (2) and/or at least a stator part of the centrifugal force separator is/are connected to a pole of a direct current source (10).
  9. Installation according to one of the claims 1, 7 and 8, characterized in that a connecting tube (11) between the separator (2) and the electrostatic separation chamber (3) consists out of an electrically conductive material or is lined or coated (29) respectively therewith and that the electrically conductive parts are connected to the pole of a direct current source (10).
EP06755254.7A 2005-05-20 2006-05-18 Device for manufacturing dispersed mineral products Not-in-force EP1888243B1 (en)

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DE102005023950A DE102005023950B4 (en) 2005-05-20 2005-05-20 Plant for the production of disperse mineral products
PCT/EP2006/062425 WO2006122967A2 (en) 2005-05-20 2006-05-18 Method and device for manufacturing dispersed mineral products

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US20090032628A1 (en) 2009-02-05
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UA92172C2 (en) 2010-10-11
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BRPI0610793A2 (en) 2010-11-03
JP2008540112A (en) 2008-11-20
JO3198B1 (en) 2018-03-08
PL1888243T3 (en) 2017-03-31
KR101304000B1 (en) 2013-09-04
PT1888243T (en) 2016-10-24
WO2006122967A3 (en) 2007-01-18
US20120056023A1 (en) 2012-03-08
MA29545B1 (en) 2008-06-02
AR053472A1 (en) 2007-05-09
US8177150B2 (en) 2012-05-15

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