EP1873393A1 - Injecteur - Google Patents
Injecteur Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1873393A1 EP1873393A1 EP07107391A EP07107391A EP1873393A1 EP 1873393 A1 EP1873393 A1 EP 1873393A1 EP 07107391 A EP07107391 A EP 07107391A EP 07107391 A EP07107391 A EP 07107391A EP 1873393 A1 EP1873393 A1 EP 1873393A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- nozzle needle
- needle
- injector
- control
- control chamber
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M47/00—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
- F02M47/02—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure of accumulator-injector type, i.e. having fuel pressure of accumulator tending to open, and fuel pressure in other chamber tending to close, injection valves and having means for periodically releasing that closing pressure
- F02M47/027—Electrically actuated valves draining the chamber to release the closing pressure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
- F02M61/04—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series
- F02M61/10—Other injectors with elongated valve bodies, i.e. of needle-valve type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
- F02M61/04—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series
- F02M61/10—Other injectors with elongated valve bodies, i.e. of needle-valve type
- F02M61/12—Other injectors with elongated valve bodies, i.e. of needle-valve type characterised by the provision of guiding or centring means for valve bodies
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
- F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
- F02M61/167—Means for compensating clearance or thermal expansion
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
- F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
- F02M61/168—Assembling; Disassembling; Manufacturing; Adjusting
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
- F02M2200/26—Fuel-injection apparatus with elastically deformable elements other than coil springs
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M2547/00—Special features for fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
- F02M2547/001—Control chambers formed by movable sleeves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
- F02M63/0012—Valves
- F02M63/0014—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means
- F02M63/0015—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means electrical, e.g. using solenoid
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
- F02M63/0012—Valves
- F02M63/0014—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means
- F02M63/0015—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means electrical, e.g. using solenoid
- F02M63/0026—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means electrical, e.g. using solenoid using piezoelectric or magnetostrictive actuators
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an injector of a fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine, in particular in a motor vehicle, having the features of the preamble of claim 1.
- an injector which has an injector body, a nozzle needle and a control device.
- the injector body has at least one injection hole and contains a feed path for supplying the at least one injection hole with fuel under injection pressure.
- the nozzle needle is mounted in an adjustable stroke in the injector body and has a needle tip for controlling an injection of fuel through the at least one injection hole.
- the control device is used to control the pressure in a control chamber, and the nozzle needle has a control area axially limiting control surface.
- a hydraulic force acting in the closing direction of the nozzle needle acts on the control surface such that a pressure drop in the control chamber activates the nozzle needle for opening.
- the nozzle needle comprises a needle body equipped with the needle tip, and two sleeve-shaped piston bodies which bear against one another axially, contain a low-pressure space in their interior and are supported axially on the needle body.
- the control device is designed as a solenoid valve whose valve member controls an end opening of the sleeve body of the body remote from the needle body, which connects the control chamber with said low-pressure space.
- Of the Feed path is passed in the injector body to a needle chamber in which at least the sleeve-shaped piston body of the nozzle needle are housed.
- the injector according to the invention with the features of claim 1 has the advantage that the nozzle needle can be built comparatively long, without causing the risk of leakage generally occurs. This is achieved by means of at least one joint portion within the nozzle needle, whereby the nozzle needle in said joint portion with respect to bending loads, which are oriented transversely to the longitudinal center axis of the nozzle needle, flexurally designed as adjoining sections of the nozzle needle. Due to the increased flexibility or flexibility of the nozzle needle in the respective joint section, transverse loads in the nozzle needle in the region of axial guides can be reduced. In particular, this allows positional tolerances between the nozzle needle and its respective axial guidance to be compensated, thereby reducing lateral loads and wear.
- At least one of the joint sections can have at least one rectilinear web, wherein the web extends radially with respect to a longitudinal center axis of the nozzle needle and wherein the web connects axially adjacent axial sections of the nozzle needle.
- the bendability or flexibility of the nozzle needle is greatly increased in the joint section by a bending axis defined by the longitudinal direction of the web.
- the respective joint section has at least two such webs, which are axially spaced from each other and offset by 90 ° from one another about the longitudinal center axis of the nozzle needle.
- the nozzle needle can be made in one piece and in one piece, which can reduce tolerance chains. It is also possible to assemble the nozzle needle of a plurality of components, which are firmly connected to each other at least in the axial direction. In any case, the nozzle needle can be designed leak-free, so that it is virtually insensitive to attacking pressures. Furthermore, a leak-free design of the nozzle needle allows the accommodation of the nozzle needle in a needle chamber through which the feed path is passed. As a result, the nozzle needle is arranged in the fuel under high pressure, which greatly simplifies the fuel supply within the injector.
- an injector 1 comprises an injector body 2, which consists for example of a control section 3 and a needle section 4.
- Control section 3 and needle section 4 can be fastened to each other, for example via a connection sleeve, not shown, in the manner of a union nut.
- the injector body 2 contains in its needle section 4 at least one injection hole 5, by an injection of fuel in an injection chamber 6 is feasible.
- the injector body 2 contains a feed path 7, which supplies the at least one injection hole 5 with fuel under injection pressure.
- the injector 1 is connected via the feed path 7 to a high-pressure fuel line 8.
- injector 1 is a part of a fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine, not shown otherwise, which can be arranged in particular in a motor vehicle. In a so-called common rail system, several injectors 1 are connected to the same off high pressure line 8.
- the injector 1 also has a nozzle needle 9, which is mounted in a manner adjustable in stroke in the injector body 2.
- the stroke direction is oriented parallel to a longitudinal central axis 10 of the nozzle needle 9.
- the nozzle needle 9 has a needle tip 11 which cooperates with a needle seat 12 formed on the injector body 2 or on the needle section 4 thereof.
- the needle tip 11 serves to control an injection of fuel through the at least one spray hole 5.
- the needle tip 11 sits in the needle seat 12 and thereby separates the at least one spray hole 5 from the feed path 7.
- the needle tip lifts 11 from the needle seat 12 and thereby connects the at least one injection hole 5 with the feed path 7, whereby fuel passes through the at least one injection hole 5 in the injection chamber 6.
- the injector 1 also comprises a control device 13, which is designed to control the pressure in a control chamber 38.
- the control device 13 can - as in the embodiments shown here - be equipped with a solenoid valve 14, the valve member 15 by means of an electromagnetic actuator 16 is actuated.
- a solenoid valve 14 is comparatively inexpensive to implement.
- the control device 13 may also be equipped with a piezo actuator.
- the nozzle needle 9 has on its side remote from the needle tip 11 end face on a control surface 17 which limits the control chamber 38 axially.
- the pressure prevailing in the control chamber 38 causes a hydraulic force to be introduced into the control surface 17, specifically in the closing direction of the nozzle needle 9.
- a pressure drop in the control chamber 38 thus reduces the closing surface on the control surface 17 attacking hydraulic forces and thus can control the nozzle needle 9 to open.
- the nozzle needle 9 is designed in one piece in the preferred example shown here and is made from the needle tip 11 to the control surface 17 in one piece.
- the nozzle needle 9 as such leakage is free, since it contains in particular no low-pressure space.
- Particularly advantageous in the one-piece nozzle needle 9 is that it can be arranged in a needle chamber 18 of the injector body 2, through which the feed path 7 is passed.
- the nozzle needle 9 is surrounded or lapped by the fuel under high pressure. Since the nozzle needle 9 is made in one piece, its functionality can be ensured even in this high-pressure environment.
- the individual components are firmly connected together in the assembled state, at least in the axial direction. Even with this design, it is in principle possible to design the multi-part nozzle needle 9 leak-free, whereby it can be used without further in a high-pressure environment.
- the nozzle shell 19 is in each case equipped with at least one joint section 19.
- a hinge portion 19 is characterized in that the nozzle needle 9 in him an increased flexibility or elasticity, whereby the nozzle needle 9 in the hinge portion 19 with respect to bending loads, which are oriented transversely to the longitudinal central axis 10 of the nozzle needle 9, more flexible than in adjacent thereto
- a hinge portion 19 may be formed by a constriction or taper in the diameter of the nozzle needle 9.
- each hinge section 19 has at least one straight web 20 is preferred.
- the respective web 20 extends radially with respect to the longitudinal central axis 10.
- the respective web connects 20 axially adjacent thereto axial sections of the nozzle needle 9 with each other.
- the respective joint section 19 has two such webs 20.
- the webs 20 are axial Positioned spaced apart and oriented around the longitudinal central axis 10 offset by 90 ° to each other.
- the webs 20 can be produced for example by the fact that on the nozzle needle 9 in the region of the respective joint portion 19 on diametrically opposite sides two recesses 21 are incorporated, which are separated from each other by the respective web 20.
- the recesses 21 are then arranged mirror-symmetrically with respect to a plane of symmetry in which the longitudinal center axis 10 and the respective web 20 are located.
- the respective web 20 preferably extends over the entire diameter of the nozzle needle 9 in the region of the respective joint portion 19.
- the nozzle needle 9 has increased flexibility with respect to bending stresses about bending axes, which are defined by the longitudinal axes of the webs 20 , As a result, the nozzle needle 9 in the respective hinge portion 19 bendable about said bending axes.
- the nozzle needle 9 can compensate for positional tolerances between the nozzle needle 9 and an axial guidance of the nozzle needle 9, thereby reducing lateral loads and wear in the region of the axial guidance.
- such an axial guide 22 is formed, via which the nozzle needle 9 is mounted in the injector body 2 in the region of an end section 23 having the needle tip 11.
- the nozzle needle 9 may be provided in said end portion 23 within the axial guide 22 with corresponding clearance surfaces 24, which are indicated in Fig. 2.
- the nozzle needle 9 is also mounted in the region of an end portion 25 having the control surface 17 in a guide sleeve 26 by means of an axial guide 27.
- Said guide sleeve 26 forms a radial boundary of the control chamber 38 and is fixedly arranged on an intermediate plate 28, for. B. welded thereto or integrally formed thereon.
- the intermediate plate 28 forms an axial boundary of the control chamber 38 lying opposite the control surface 17.
- the intermediate plate 28 limits a coupling space 29 in the axial direction. Coupling space 29 and control chamber 38 are hydraulically coupled to each other through the intermediate plate 28 via a connection path 30, for example in the form of a throttled bore.
- the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 has exactly two hinge portions 19.
- the one hinge portion 19 is formed in the needle tip 11 associated end portion 23, while the other hinge portion 19 in the control surface 17 associated end portion 25 is formed.
- 19 position tolerances between the axial guide 27 of the guide sleeve 26 on the one hand and the axial guide 22 of the needle portion 4 on the other hand can be compensated on the hinge portions 19 in order to reduce the transverse forces occurring therein and the associated wear.
- a sealing sleeve 31 is axially adjustably mounted on the nozzle needle 9 in the control surface 17 associated end portion 25, wherein also between the nozzle needle 9 and sealing sleeve 31 again an axial guide 32 is formed.
- the sealing sleeve 31 forms a radial boundary of the control chamber 38.
- the sealing sleeve 31 abuts axially on an intermediate plate 28, which also here on the one hand the control chamber 38 and on the other hand, a coupling space 29 axially limited. Again, there is a connection path 30 for hydraulic coupling between the coupling chamber 29 and the control chamber 38, which is passed through the intermediate plate 28.
- the nozzle needle 9 is provided with only one hinge portion 19 which is formed in the needle tip 11 associated end portion 23.
- An alignment between the nozzle needle 9 and the sealing sleeve 31 in the region of the control surface 17 associated end portion 25 is effected by the mobility of the sealing sleeve 31 transversely to the longitudinal center axis 10 along the intermediate plate 28 on which it rests.
- the injector 1 is also equipped with a closing compression spring 33.
- this is based on the guide sleeve 26 and on the embodiment shown in FIG the sealing sleeve 31.
- the closing compression spring 33 With the help of the closing compression spring 33, the nozzle needle 9 is biased in the closing direction.
- the control device 13 is configured to control the pressure in the coupling space 29.
- the coupling chamber 29 is connected to a relatively unpressurized return line 35, wherein a connection between the coupling chamber 29 and return 35 through the respective control device 13, for example by the valve member between coupling space 29 and control chamber 38 15, is controlled.
- the nozzle needle 9 and closed connection between coupling space 29 and return 35 prevails in the coupling chamber 29 as well as in the control chamber 38, the same pressure as in the needle chamber 18, so the injection pressure of Zurawpfads 7.
- the control chamber 38 via a corresponding connection path 36, the z , B.
- the coupling space 29 via a corresponding connection path 37th , z. B. in the form of a throttled bore also communicate directly with the needle chamber 18, so with the Zuglasspfad 7.
- the connection between the coupling chamber 29 and return line 35 is opened, resulting in a pressure drop in the coupling space 29.
- the opening of said connection is effected by a corresponding actuation of the control device 13, thus in particular by a corresponding control of the solenoid valve 14, ie in particular by a corresponding stroke of the valve member 15.
- the pressure drop entering in the coupling chamber 29 propagates into the control chamber 38 and leads there a decrease in the control surface 17 acting on closing forces.
- acting on the nozzle needle 9, acting in the closing direction forces are greatly reduced, whereby the forces acting on the nozzle needle 9, acting in the opening direction of hydraulic forces predominate.
- the nozzle needle 9 lifts out of the needle seat 12 and the injection process begins.
- connection between the coupling chamber 29 and return 35 is again blocked by a corresponding actuation of the control device 13 or by a corresponding control of the solenoid valve 14.
- About the connection paths 30, 36 and 37 may be in the control chamber 38 and in the coupling space 29 rebuild the injection pressure, so that the effective in the closing direction hydraulic Forces on the control surface 17 increase again and drive the nozzle needle 9 in the closing direction.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE200610029392 DE102006029392A1 (de) | 2006-06-27 | 2006-06-27 | Injektor |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1873393A1 true EP1873393A1 (fr) | 2008-01-02 |
Family
ID=38543771
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP07107391A Withdrawn EP1873393A1 (fr) | 2006-06-27 | 2007-05-03 | Injecteur |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1873393A1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE102006029392A1 (fr) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2008110408A1 (fr) * | 2007-03-09 | 2008-09-18 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Injecteur de carburant à soupape de commande améliorée |
WO2009132878A1 (fr) * | 2008-04-28 | 2009-11-05 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Systèmes d'injection de carburant à alimentation en carburant non étranglée vers les injecteurs |
WO2011023472A1 (fr) * | 2009-08-28 | 2011-03-03 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Injecteur de carburant |
GB2625123A (en) * | 2022-12-07 | 2024-06-12 | Phinia Delphi Luxembourg Sarl | Fuel injector |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19936668A1 (de) * | 1999-08-04 | 2001-02-22 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Common-Rail-Injektor |
EP1088985A2 (fr) * | 1999-09-29 | 2001-04-04 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Injecteur de carburant pour injection directe dans un moteur à combustion interne |
DE19919432C2 (de) | 1999-04-29 | 2002-07-04 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Common Rail Injektor |
EP1433951A1 (fr) * | 2002-12-23 | 2004-06-30 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Injecteur de carburant de moteur à combustion interne |
US20050242211A1 (en) * | 2004-04-30 | 2005-11-03 | Denso Corporation | Injector having structure for controlling nozzle needle |
WO2005116442A1 (fr) * | 2004-05-28 | 2005-12-08 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Soupape d'injection et son procede de production |
WO2006108309A1 (fr) * | 2005-04-14 | 2006-10-19 | Ganser-Hydromag Ag | Injecteur de carburant |
-
2006
- 2006-06-27 DE DE200610029392 patent/DE102006029392A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2007
- 2007-05-03 EP EP07107391A patent/EP1873393A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19919432C2 (de) | 1999-04-29 | 2002-07-04 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Common Rail Injektor |
DE19936668A1 (de) * | 1999-08-04 | 2001-02-22 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Common-Rail-Injektor |
EP1088985A2 (fr) * | 1999-09-29 | 2001-04-04 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Injecteur de carburant pour injection directe dans un moteur à combustion interne |
EP1433951A1 (fr) * | 2002-12-23 | 2004-06-30 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Injecteur de carburant de moteur à combustion interne |
US20050242211A1 (en) * | 2004-04-30 | 2005-11-03 | Denso Corporation | Injector having structure for controlling nozzle needle |
WO2005116442A1 (fr) * | 2004-05-28 | 2005-12-08 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Soupape d'injection et son procede de production |
WO2006108309A1 (fr) * | 2005-04-14 | 2006-10-19 | Ganser-Hydromag Ag | Injecteur de carburant |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2008110408A1 (fr) * | 2007-03-09 | 2008-09-18 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Injecteur de carburant à soupape de commande améliorée |
WO2009132878A1 (fr) * | 2008-04-28 | 2009-11-05 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Systèmes d'injection de carburant à alimentation en carburant non étranglée vers les injecteurs |
WO2011023472A1 (fr) * | 2009-08-28 | 2011-03-03 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Injecteur de carburant |
GB2625123A (en) * | 2022-12-07 | 2024-06-12 | Phinia Delphi Luxembourg Sarl | Fuel injector |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102006029392A1 (de) | 2008-01-03 |
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