EP1864382A1 - Procede et dispositif de decodage de codes a roulettes - Google Patents
Procede et dispositif de decodage de codes a roulettesInfo
- Publication number
- EP1864382A1 EP1864382A1 EP06726232A EP06726232A EP1864382A1 EP 1864382 A1 EP1864382 A1 EP 1864382A1 EP 06726232 A EP06726232 A EP 06726232A EP 06726232 A EP06726232 A EP 06726232A EP 1864382 A1 EP1864382 A1 EP 1864382A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- decoder
- symbols
- frame
- information symbols
- decoding
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 230000015654 memory Effects 0.000 claims description 69
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000334993 Parma Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000012804 iterative process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
- H03M13/00—Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correction; Coding theory basic assumptions; Coding bounds; Error probability evaluation methods; Channel models; Simulation or testing of codes
- H03M13/29—Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correction; Coding theory basic assumptions; Coding bounds; Error probability evaluation methods; Channel models; Simulation or testing of codes combining two or more codes or code structures, e.g. product codes, generalised product codes, concatenated codes, inner and outer codes
- H03M13/2957—Turbo codes and decoding
- H03M13/2978—Particular arrangement of the component decoders
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
- H03M13/00—Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correction; Coding theory basic assumptions; Coding bounds; Error probability evaluation methods; Channel models; Simulation or testing of codes
- H03M13/03—Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words
- H03M13/23—Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words using convolutional codes, e.g. unit memory codes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
- H03M13/00—Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correction; Coding theory basic assumptions; Coding bounds; Error probability evaluation methods; Channel models; Simulation or testing of codes
- H03M13/27—Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correction; Coding theory basic assumptions; Coding bounds; Error probability evaluation methods; Channel models; Simulation or testing of codes using interleaving techniques
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
- H03M13/00—Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correction; Coding theory basic assumptions; Coding bounds; Error probability evaluation methods; Channel models; Simulation or testing of codes
- H03M13/65—Purpose and implementation aspects
- H03M13/6597—Implementations using analogue techniques for coding or decoding, e.g. analogue Viterbi decoder
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of telecommunications. Within this field, the invention relates more particularly to so-called digital communications.
- Digital communications include in particular wireless communications whose channel of transmission is the air channel as well as wired communications.
- Digital communications increasingly use more or less sophisticated channel coding.
- the principle of channel coding consists of adding to the information symbols a controlled redundancy which will enable the receiver to detect the presence of transmission errors and possibly to correct them.
- the existing codes there is more particularly the wheeled codes whose principle is illustrated in Figure 1.
- This turbo-encoder comprises an interleaver 3 and two identical encoders 2 1 and 2 2 typically performing a convolutional systematic recursive circular coding, abbreviated to CRSC.
- Each sub-frame has k information symbols and 2 x ⁇ n -k) redundancy symbols from both encoders.
- the encoder 2 ⁇ code successively by the block of k symbols kx p information symbols of the current frame as input.
- Encoder 2 2 encodes sequentially in blocks of k symbols the k ⁇ p information symbols of Ia input current frame which has been fully interlaced.
- a turbo-encoder For a turbo coding p rollers, a turbo-encoder successively performs 2 xp coding operations, each taking into account k information symbols.
- the output frame is composed of a first subframe comprising Systj, Yn and Y 2 1 and a second subframe comprising Sys 2, Y; 2 and Y 22 .
- the first encoder 2. performs in a first step the encoding of k information symbols Systi and in a second step the encoding of the following information symbols k SySt 2 .
- the complete frame of size 2 ⁇ k composed of SySt 1 and SySt 2 is interleaved 3 whose output feeds the second encoder 2 2 .
- the latter performs in a first step the encoding of the first k information symbols and in a second step the encoding of the following k information symbols from the interleaving.
- a description of a wheeled coding is given in the article by D.Gnaedig, E.Boutillon, MJezequel and V.Gaudet entitled "Multiple Slice Turbo Codes" and for reference. 3rd International Symposium On Turbo Codes & Related Topics , Brest, France, 1-5 September, 2003, p.343-346.
- the invention relates to decoding techniques.
- the decoding adapted for wheeled coding consists in using a decoder with a turbo structure.
- a decoder is described in the article by M.Arzel, C.Lahuec, MJézéquel and F.Seguin having the title "Analogue Decoding of Duo-Binary Codes" and for reference International Symposium on Information Theory and its Applications, ISITA2004, Parma , Italy, October 10-13, 2004.
- the decoder 4 adapted and illustrated in FIG. 2 comprises four independent elementary decoders 5n, 5 ] 2 , 5 21 , 5 22 , ie two by roulette.
- the technical problem to be solved by the object of the present invention is to propose a method and a decoding device adapted to a coding on wheels which do not have the disadvantage of known methods and devices and which, consequently, allow analog decoding at a lower cost by reducing the area of occupied silicon.
- a solution to the technical problem posed, according to the present invention in that said method is an iterative analog decoding method of a frame which can be decomposed into p in frames each composed of k information symbols, of first n - k redundancy symbols and n -k last redundancy symbols, with n and k two specific numbers.
- This process is for an iteration to perform a succession of steps such that for a step i, 1 varying between 1 and maximum p, the method consists in: decoding by a first decoder the k information symbols Syst, of the ith sub-frame and the n -k first redundancy symbols Y 1 , of this same subframe, for producing k extrinsic information symbols Extri ,, to be stored by a first analog memory at a memory location dependent on step i, the k symbols for extrinsic information ExIr 11 above , - to interleave all the data stored in the first memory, to inject at the input of a second decoder the interleaved data to refine its decoding, and, in parallel, to interleave the symbols together of information of all the subframes SySt 1 , Syst 2 , ..., Syst p , to decode by the second decoder the k information symbols
- FI (SySt) 1 from the interleaving and positioned from the (i -l) xk + lth position and the last n -k redundancy symbols Y 2 , from the ith sub-frame, to produce k symbols of extrinsic information to memorize by a second memory at a memory location dependent on step i, the k extra extrinsic information symbols Extr 2 , produced by the second decoder, to deinterlace all the data stored in the second memory, to inject the data deinterleaved, at the input of the first decoder to refine its decoding.
- the subject of the invention is an analogue decoding device for a frame that can be decomposed into p in frames each composed of k information symbols, n -k first redundancy symbols and n -k last symbols. of redundancy, with n and k two given numbers.
- the device comprises: a first decoder for decoding the k information symbols of the ith sub-frame and the n -k first redundancy symbols of the same sub-frame, i varying between 1 and at most p.
- the decoding implements only two elementary decoders regardless of the number of rollers used during the coding of the frames. This therefore limits the silicon area occupied by the decoder.
- the invention further relates to a data receiver comprising an analog decoding device of a frame according to a previous object, and a transmission system comprising at least one such receiver.
- Figure 1 is a diagram of the principle of a wheeled coding as explained in the presentation of the field of the invention.
- Figure 2 is a diagram of the principle of a decoder known from the prior art and adapted to a wheeled coding.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram of the principle of a decoding according to the invention.
- Figure 4 is a diagram of the principle of a decoder according to the invention.
- a decoding according to the invention is described with reference to FIG. 3.
- the decoding according to a method 10 according to the invention is carried out in several iterations j.
- the number of iterations j depends on the desired decoding precision. Each iteration breaks down into different stages i.
- the frame is decomposed into p in frames each composed of k information symbols and 2 ⁇ (n -k) redundancy symbols, n and k are fixed numbers.
- n is the frame size encoded by a wheel, i.e., the number of symbols output
- k is the number of input symbols d a roulette.
- Each wheel produces frames composed of k information symbols and ⁇ n -k) redundancy symbols.
- steps i as subframes in the received frame.
- the method may be limited to a number of steps less than p, for example in a degraded version of implementation of the method.
- the method consists in: decoding 11 by a first decoder the k information symbols of the ith sub-frame and the n -k first redundancy symbols of this same sub-frame.
- Decoding 11 provides k extrinsic information symbols. 13 to memorize in a first analog memory at a memory location dependent on step i, the k EXTX 1 extraneous information symbols, produced by the first decoder, to interleave all the data stored in the first memory, to injecting at input of a second decoder the interleaved data in order to refine its decoding 12.
- the method consists in parallel: to interleave together the information symbols of all the subframes SySt 1 , SySt 2 , ..., Systp, to decode 12 by the second decoder the k information symbols from the interleaving and positioned from the (i - 1) xk + 1 th position and to decode 12 the last n - k redundancy symbols of the ith sub-frame.
- the second decoder decodes the first k symbols resulting from the interleaving.
- Decoding 12 provides k extrinsic information symbols Extr 21 .
- FIG 4 is a diagram of the principle of a decoder 20 according to the invention.
- the decoder 20 comprises a first elementary decoder 21, a first interleaving means 22, a second elementary decoder 23 independent of the first elementary decoder 21, a first analog memory 24, a second interleaving means 25, a second analog memory 26, means 27 further comprises a first multiplexing means 31, 32 and a second multiplexing means 33, 34.
- the first multiplexing means 31, 32 and a second multiplexing means 33, 34.
- the decoder 20 further comprises means 41 for multiplexing at the output of the first elementary decoder 21, means 42 for multiplexing at the output of the second elementary decoder 23, means 43 for multiplexing at the output of the second interleaving means 25 and means 44. multiplexing at the output of the means 27 deinterlacemcnt.
- the first input multiplexer 31 of the first decoder 21 the information symbols (SySt 1 ), i p subframe by subframe.
- the first elementary decoder 21 simultaneously decodes k information symbols Syst, a sub-frame i and the n -k redundancy symbols Yu of the same sub-frame i.
- the first elementary decoder 21 produces k extrinsic information symbols Extri ,.
- the first memory 24 stores the k extra extrinsic information symbols provided by the first elementary decoder 21.
- the second interleaving means 25 interleaves the stored data present at the output of the first analog memory 24.
- the result of the interleaving is, via the multiplexing means 43, injected at the input of the second elementary decoder 23 to refine its decoding.
- the first interleaving means 22 intertwines the information symbols of all the subframes (SySt 1 ) ⁇ 1 p .
- the first input multiplexer 33 of the second decoder 23 k information symbols ⁇ (Syst), from the first interleaving means 22.
- the second input multiplexer 34 of the second decoder 23 the last n -k redundancy symbols Y 2 , sub-frame by sub-frame and in relation with the first multiplexer 33 and the first multiplexing means 31, 32: for a given subframe i, the information symbols Sys, and the corresponding redundancy symbols Yi 1 are present simultaneously at the input of the first decoder 21 and the information symbols IF (SySt) 1 and the symbols of redundancy
- the second elementary decoder 23 simultaneously decodes k information symbols Il (Syst), originating from the first interleaving means 22 and the last n -k redundancy symbols Y 2 , a subframe i.
- the second elementary decoder 23 produces k extrinsic information symbols ExIx 2 I.
- the second memory 26 stores the k extrinsic information symbols Extr 2 i provided by the second elementary decoder 23.
- the deinterleaver 27 deinterleaves the stored data present at the output of the second analog memory 26.
- the deinterleaving result is, via the multiplexing means 44, injected at the input of the first elementary decoder 21 to refine its decoding.
- the example adopted to illustrate the decoding performed by the decoder 20 assumes that the received frame has a structure identical to that of a frame produced by channel coding implementing a CRSC coding with two wheels. This coding leads to the development of two subframes:
- Each sub-frame corresponds to a step of a decoding method according to the invention.
- Step 1 In a typical initialization phase, and before starting the first iteration, the first and second memories 24, 26 are previously filled with equiprobable values. Step 1.
- the first multiplexer 31 and the second multiplexer 32 of the first multiplexing means select and present Systi and Yn at the input of the first decoder 21.
- This first decoder 21 outputs the information.
- extrinsic Extra (indication of the reliability of the received Systi data).
- These Extrn extrinsic information is loaded into a first portion of the first memory 24.
- the size of this first memory 24 is proportional to the size of total systematic data Syst] and SySt 2.
- the first part is typically the first half of the memory. Consequently, part of the first memory 24 remains filled by the equiprobable values previously entered. According to the example, this part corresponds to the second half of the memory.
- the set of stored data, Extru and remaining equiprobable values, is present at the output of the first memory 24 and is interlaced by the second interleaving means 25.
- the multiplexing means 43 selects the first half of the extrinsic information interleaved (some are information is currently being computed, others are fixed at equiprobable values) and presents them at the input of the second decoder 23.
- the first multiplexer 33 and the second multiplexer 34 of the second multiplexing means select and present ⁇ (Syst) i and Y 2 i at the input of the second decoder 23.
- the continuous exchanges take place between the first and second decoders 21, 23. There is convergence and stabilization of the extrinsic information. This phenomenon is specific to an analog turbo decoder structure. Once the convergence is established, extrinsic information Extrn and ExIx 2 I remain stored in a portion of the first and second memories 24, 26, respectively. Step 2 can then begin. i The first multiplexer 31 and the second multiplexer 32 of the first multiplexing means switch to select SySt 2 and Yi 2 and present them at the input of the first decoder 21.
- the first multiplexer 33 and the second multiplexer 34 of the second multiplexing means select and present IT (SySt) 2 and Y 22 as input of the second decoder 23.
- the second decoder 23 provides extrinsic information Extr 22 which are loaded in the second half of the second memory 26.
- the set of data stored, ExIr 22 and Extr 2 i (ExIx 21 resulting from the previous step and stored in a portion of the memory), is present at the output of the second memory 26 and is deinterleaved by the deinterleaving means 27.
- the multiplexing means 44 selects the second half of the de-interleaved extrinsic information and presents them at the input of the first decoder 21.
- the complete frame was decoded in two stages by an analog turbo decoder device.
- the operations performed during the second stage benefited from the results obtained from the first step (thanks to the extrinsic information stored in the memories).
- the operations carried out during the first stage have not benefited from the results obtained from the second step since the content of the memories is initialized to equiprobable values. It is generally appropriate to start a second iteration so that, in particular, during step 1, the second decoder 23 can benefit at the input of the extrinsic information Extr ⁇ of the second iteration and extrinsic information Extri 2 of step 2 of the first iteration via the second interleaving means 25.
- the decoder 21 provides as many binary decisions as systematic symbols received.
- k binary decisions are produced and constitute the block Deq which is provided to a next stage of a receiver, for example a digital memory which stores the decided frame. p .
- a decoder according to the invention can be easily adapted to decode frames resulting from a coding with p casters of different sizes. It is then necessary to adapt the size of the multiplexers 31, 32, 33, 34, 41, 42, 43, 44, the size of the memories 24, 26 and the size of the decoders 21, 23, to the larger wheel.
- the size of the analog memories must be proportional to the number of extrinsic information and therefore to the number of systematic symbols in the complete frame.
- An iteration breaks down into p steps. During each step, a portion of the data associated with a roulette wheel is processed by the turbo analog architecture. The sizes of the decoders 21, 23, of 'between! 25, and 27, are then adapted to the size of the roulette being processed.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Probability & Statistics with Applications (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Error Detection And Correction (AREA)
- Detection And Prevention Of Errors In Transmission (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0502447A FR2883121B1 (fr) | 2005-03-11 | 2005-03-11 | Procede et dispositif de decodage de codes a roulettes |
| PCT/FR2006/050208 WO2006095115A1 (fr) | 2005-03-11 | 2006-03-10 | Procede et dispositif de decodage de codes a roulettes |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1864382A1 true EP1864382A1 (fr) | 2007-12-12 |
Family
ID=35589582
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP06726232A Withdrawn EP1864382A1 (fr) | 2005-03-11 | 2006-03-10 | Procede et dispositif de decodage de codes a roulettes |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8009769B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP1864382A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2883121B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2006095115A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101409599B (zh) * | 2007-10-11 | 2011-07-13 | 电信科学技术研究院 | 一种Turbo码译码装置及方法 |
| TW201037529A (en) | 2009-03-02 | 2010-10-16 | David Reynolds | Belief propagation processor |
| US8458114B2 (en) | 2009-03-02 | 2013-06-04 | Analog Devices, Inc. | Analog computation using numerical representations with uncertainty |
| TWI424445B (zh) * | 2009-12-29 | 2014-01-21 | Macronix Int Co Ltd | 指令解碼電路及其方法 |
| WO2011085355A1 (fr) | 2010-01-11 | 2011-07-14 | David Reynolds | Processeur de propagation de croyance |
| CN103188040B (zh) * | 2011-12-31 | 2018-04-06 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Turbo均衡及其帧间、帧内相关预测的方法和装置 |
| EP3001585B1 (fr) * | 2014-09-29 | 2017-07-12 | Alcatel Lucent | Récepteur optique cohérent avec correction d'erreur sans voie de retour and décodage en parallèle |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4547882A (en) * | 1983-03-01 | 1985-10-15 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Jr. University | Error detecting and correcting memories |
| EP1039646A1 (fr) * | 1999-03-05 | 2000-09-27 | Mitsubishi Electric France | Dispositif et méthode d'entrelacement pour entrelacer un jeu de données |
| FR2838581B1 (fr) * | 2002-04-16 | 2005-07-08 | Universit De Bretagne Sud | Procede de codage et/ou de decodage de codes correcteurs d'erreurs, dispositifs et signal correspondants |
| US7769798B2 (en) * | 2004-04-27 | 2010-08-03 | Amir Banihashemi | Full CMOS min-sum analog iterative decoders |
-
2005
- 2005-03-11 FR FR0502447A patent/FR2883121B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2006
- 2006-03-10 WO PCT/FR2006/050208 patent/WO2006095115A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2006-03-10 US US11/885,978 patent/US8009769B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-03-10 EP EP06726232A patent/EP1864382A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2006095115A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20080285688A1 (en) | 2008-11-20 |
| US8009769B2 (en) | 2011-08-30 |
| FR2883121A1 (fr) | 2006-09-15 |
| FR2883121B1 (fr) | 2007-04-27 |
| WO2006095115A1 (fr) | 2006-09-14 |
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