EP1863628A2

EP1863628A2 - Support arrangement for an extrusion tool and extrusion tool for moulding an object

Info

Publication number: EP1863628A2
Application number: EP06704750A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Reinhold Kössl
Original assignee: Greiner Extrusionstechnik GmbH
Current assignee: Greiner Tool Tec GmbH
Priority date: 2005-03-16
Filing date: 2006-03-16
Publication date: 2007-12-12
Anticipated expiration: 2026-03-16
Also published as: WO2006096898A3; US7878792B2; ATE528120T1; WO2006096898A2; US20090026653A1; EP1863628B1; AT507973B1; AT507973A5

Abstract

The invention relates to a support arrangement for retaining several calibration tools (10 to 12) serially arranged in the direction of extrusion, of a calibration device (8) on a calibration table (21) of an extrusion unit (1). The support arrangement comprises a support plate (55) and a housing plate (56) separate from the above. A joint arrangement (60) is provided between the support plate (55) and the housing plate (56), by means of which the support plate (55) is embodied such as to be spatially adjustable relative to the housing plate (56).

Description

Support arrangement for an extrusion tool and extrusion tool for shaping an object

The invention relates to a support arrangement for holding a plurality of in the extrusion direction successively arranged calibration of a calibration on a calibration table of an extrusion plant according to claim 1. Furthermore, the invention also relates to an extrusion die, in particular an extrusion die, for shaping an article, in particular a Holilprofils for window or door construction, from a plastic, formed from a melt of a plasticized plastic mass, with a plurality in the extrusion direction immediately behind one another and adjoining nozzle plates, which define a channel for the plastic mass in the extrusion direction between an inlet region and an outlet region and the individual nozzle plates are delimited by faces which are distanced from each other in the extrusion direction, as stated in claim 22.

In previously known extrusion systems, the problem of unequal cooling of hollow profiles with Vollprofü sections arranged thereon was solved in that the faster cooled solid profile section after calibration or the cooling chambers for post-treatment has been assigned an additional heater, as described in DE 198 15 276 Al is described. As a result, the straightness of the profile to be produced was improved, the mechanical complexity and the energy used were very high. Also could not be achieved in all applications, a sufficient straightness.

In other known types of extrusion dies, so-called mandrel-holding tools, the tool was delivered from the extruder in a circular flow channel

Melt stream from the mandrel transformed into an expanding annular gap flow. In this case, the melt is divided into several partial flows only in the mandrel holding area and flows around the mandrel holding webs arranged there, via which the displacement body is fixed in the flow channel. In the subsequent tapered flow channel, the partial streams are already brought together again to form a common melt stream. This is followed by a mouthpiece with parallel channel walls.

The present invention is based on the object, a support assembly for mounting to create calibration tools, with which the straightness of hollow sections can be improved without high mechanical complexity. Another object of the invention is to provide an extrusion tool for an extrusion line, which can be easily and inexpensively manufactured, and the geometry of the counterweight to be produced can be easily tuned, and nevertheless the shaping of the article takes place with high accuracy.

This object of the invention is achieved in that the support assembly comprises a support plate and a receiving plate separate therefrom and between the support plate and the receiving plate, a hinge assembly is provided, with which the support plate relative to the receiving plate is spatially adjustable relative thereto. Due to the relative adjustment possibility of the support plate relative to the receiving plate, a mutual, spatial displacement of the insertion direction openings arranged in the specialization direction directly in succession, arranged in the Kalibrierwerkzeugen for calibration of the object is created in an advantageous manner. As a result, after a short cooling and solidification of profile sections or profile parts of the object, a targeted pre-stretching or stretching of sections sections or profile sections which are not completely cooled is enabled compared to profile sections or profile sections which have already cooled down more. Thus, even after a short start-up time and, above all, with little effort, a mutual relative placement of the calibration tools arranged one behind the other can be carried out by the support arrangement by means of the joint arrangement. At the same time, the relative displacement of the calibrating table or of the entire clamping devices relative to the stationary extruding tool, namely the extrusion die on the extruder, can thus also take place. Thus, the displacement of the first calibration tool (s) can be performed relative to the immediately following calibration tool as well as with respect to the extrusion tool upstream of the extrusion direction. Thus, a high energy consumption can be saved because the adaptation of the relative position of the entire support assembly to each other is done only with simple mechanical means.

A further embodiment according to Ansprach 2 is also advantageous, since in this way a certain cooling can already take place in the first or in the first calibration tools and thus in the crossing region between the further directly adjacent calibration tool, the predeterminable elongation or stretching of the object to achieve the radheit takes place. Furthermore, a simple adjustment of the first, arranged on the support plate calibration tools is also achieved relative to the following calibration tools.

Also advantageous is an embodiment according to claim 3, as a load transfer of the tensile forces, which arise in the calibration by sucking the profile walls to the forming surfaces of the calibration and the parallel withdrawal movement of the object can be done without additional high effort in the calibration. This not only creates a simple Verstellmöglicli-keit, but also achieved without additional mechanical engineering effort sufficient stable storage.

Due to the construction according to claim 4, it is possible, using simple means, such as adjusting screws to perform the horizontal and vertical adjustment of the support plate relative to the receiving plate. Furthermore, the accessibility and the user-friendliness are significantly increased.

According to another embodiment according to claim 5, at least one secure and firm support of the receiving plate of the support assembly is achieved at the calibration table. As a result, the simplicity of assembly can be further improved.

Also advantageous is a development according to claim 6, since thereby cooperating components are provided on the support plate and the Aufhahmeplatte which allows a clearly predeterminable and especially stable stable support of the mutually engaged components.

In the embodiment according to claim 7 it is advantageous that a hinge assembly for adjustment in all spatial directions has been created thereby with a small footprint.

Through the development according to claim 8 it is achieved that at the zuwendbaren the calibration tool bearing surface, a planar transition can be created.

Due to the construction according to claim 9, the relative displacement possibility of the support plate relative to the receiving plate is determined and thereby the mutual contact minimized areas.

Also advantageous is an embodiment according to claim 10, since thereby the notch effect and concomitant damage to the cooperating support surfaces are reduced.

Through the development according to claim 11, a connection possibility with the subsequent receiving plate is created. Furthermore, the holding of the support plate on the receiving plate can be achieved in the narrowest spaces.

According to one embodiment, as described in claim 12, a mutual tilting of the support plate relative to the fixed Aufhahmeplatte is prevented, without affecting the spatial adjustment is impaired.

In this case, an embodiment according to claim 13 proves advantageous because it provides sufficient space for receiving the support bar between the directly successively arranged support plate and mounting plate.

According to an advantageous embodiment according to claim 14, a mutual planar alignment of the provided for receiving the calibration tools bearing surfaces is created with parallel alignment of the bearing surfaces. As a result, a recording level is created which allows a simple production of the calibration tools and thus, starting from this central recording level, the mutual spatial adjustment of the successively arranged calibration tools can be done via the support plate.

Through the development according to claim 15, a pivoting possibility of the connecting element is made possible together with the support plate relative to the Aufhahmeplatte. In cooperation with the connecting element, a single-acting joint arrangement is created, which still allows a spatial Liehe Relatiwerstellung with high mutual positional stability.

Of advantage, however, is an embodiment according to claim 16, as a result of sufficient stability, a low overall height of the joint arrangement can be achieved. According to Speech 17 a simple Abstützmöglichkeit the occurring in the extrusion direction and introduced by the feeding through the calibration tools feeding object tensile forces is achieved. By this support can be dispensed with relative to the calibration table on additional holding or fastening means of the support plate relative. In addition, the adjustment mechanism of the support plate can be kept very simple.

However, it is also advantageous training according to spoke 18, since in spite of the mutual support a sufficient adjustment support plate is created relative to the receiving plate.

In the training according to Speech 19 advantageously acting in a small space hinge assembly is created, which still allows a spatial adjustment with the simplest structure.

It is also possible training to address 20, as a hinge assembly has been created by the simplest means, which allows for sufficient adjustment high reliability and this in the smallest spaces.

In this case, training according to spoke 21 proves to be advantageous because it is a clear investment of the support plate on the support bar of the receiving plate can be achieved while the spatial pivoting of the support plate relative to the receiving plate is given in a predeterminable angular range.

Regardless, however, the object of the invention can be achieved in that the channel is divided starting from the inlet region to the outlet region within the nozzle plates in each spaced apart and separate sub-channels and in the exit region, the individual sub-channels to a common contiguous profile cross-section of the article to each other lead. It is advantageous that the output from the extruder uniform coherent melt flow is already expanded within a first section or flow path within the extruder nozzle to a cross-sectional shape, which corresponds in the broadest sense already a full scale enlargement of the outer profile contour of the cross section to be produced. The selected form of the widening and still contiguous channel crossover is It is responsible for the fact that a sufficient amount of treated melt is always available for passage in the subsequently arranged, separated and distanced subchannels. As a result, the individual sub-channels are reproduced in their outer outline or cross-sectional shape of subregions or subsections of the article to be produced, whereby a sufficient amount of processed melt can always be subsequently conveyed for the production of the individual profile sections. Due to the separate and split channel management until just before the exit of the melt from the extrusion tool, possible reworking of individual profile sections are greatly facilitated, as always only individual sections of the sub-channels are to be reworked and the remaining, distanced sub-channels are not affected by this change. Furthermore, this also makes it possible to pass between the individual sub-channels arranged for the start-up process media, such as air, through the extrusion die, so as to facilitate the erection of the profile. In addition, the spaced-apart passage of the individual sub-channels allows a special treatment of individual partial streams in the sub-channels. This may for example relate to the partial cooling and / or heating of surface portions of the sub-channels. At the end of the extrusion nozzle, the individual partial flows of the sub-channels are brought together again to form a common and contiguous profile cross-section, wherein the connection of the individual sub-streams at the joints by the inherent properties of the material is easy and safe to achieve.

Also advantageous is a further embodiment according to claim 23, as this is always a short flow path within the first nozzle plate for each profile cross section to be produced in the subsequently arranged sub-channels is always a sufficient amount of processed melt to form the article available.

The embodiment according to claim 24, depending on the predetermined, distanced channel distribution of the sub-channels, a uniform feed of the same with processed plastic melt. The length and width dimensions of the sub-channels in the transverse direction to the extrusion direction correspond to a cross-sectional broadening of the profile parts to be produced later.

According to another embodiment according to claim 25 or 26 on the one hand a allows easy processing of the individual sub-channels and on the other hand, the formation of complicated thorns within the extrusion die to form the Forniflächen the sub-channels avoided. This achieves a simpler construction of the extrusion tool.

Also advantageous is a development according to claim 27, as this is always a sufficient amount for passing and subsequent formation of the corresponding profile section of the article is available. In this enlargement of the cross-sectional area, starting from the finished profile section to be produced over the circumference of the individual profile sections, a corresponding addition is selected.

In the embodiment according to claim 28, it is advantageous that, shortly after the cross-sectional enlargement of the common, contiguous channel, the individual sub-channels already correspond approximately to the outer contour or cross-sectional shape of individual subregions or subsections of the article to be produced, and thereby within the extrusion tool no additional transformations are necessary. This can be performed by a predetermined reduction in cross-section of the melt flow towards the profile cross section to be produced, without affecting adjacent partial flows.

The embodiment according to claim 29 makes it possible to dispense with additional guide elements within the extrusion tool. Nevertheless, a uniform distribution of the melt flow to the individual sub-channels takes place.

An embodiment according to claim 30 is also advantageous, since it is possible to act on the plastic melt passing through in the individual subchannels in exactly predetermined surface sections. This can be done by appropriate cooling, heating, irradiation or vibration generation. In this case, however, the necessary operating medium, such as, for example, cooling water, electrical energy or the like, can be added or removed correspondingly, since there is sufficient space between the mutually distanced partial channels.

Finally, can be achieved by the embodiment according to claim 31 or 32 with advantage that, despite the previously separate from each other passage of the individual sub-channels a coherent profile cross-section is created, can be largely dispensed with the complicated training of thorns and their attachment.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the exemplary embodiments illustrated in the drawings.

Show it:

1 shows an extrusion system with a shaping device according to the invention, in a side view and a greatly simplified, schematic representation;

FIG. 2 a side view of a possible embodiment of an extrusion tool of the shaping device and simplified schematic representation; FIG.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a portion of the extrusion die of FIG. 2, taken along lines III-III in FIG. 2; FIG.

Fig. 4 is a sectional view of another portion of the extrusion die of Figure 2, taken along the lines IV - IV in Fig. 2.

5 shows another embodiment of the shaping device in the area of the calibration tools, in a side view and in a simplified schematic representation;

6 shows the shaping device according to FIG. 5, in plan view and simplified schematic representation;

7 shows a possible cross-section of an article with a solid profile section and at least one hollow profile section for alignment in the shaping device according to FIGS. 5 and 6;

8 shows a treatment device for the article emerging from the extrusion die, cut in side view and schematically simplified illustration; FIG. 9 shows the extrusion tool according to FIG. 8 in a view, with a schematically indicated treatment device; FIG.

10 shows a further possible embodiment of the extrusion tool, in plan view and with the cover plate removed;

FIG. 11 shows the extrusion tool according to FIG. 10 cut away in a view according to the lines XI-XI in FIG. 10;

12 shows a caliber plate of the extrusion die according to FIGS. 10 and 11, cut in plan view according to the lines XII-XII in FIG. 11;

Fig. 13 shows another embodiment of an extrusion die cut in side view and schematically simplified representation;

FIG. 14 shows a possible channel formation in the entry region of the extrusion tool according to FIG. 13, cut in a view according to the lines XIV-XIV in FIG. 13;

15 shows the channel formation of the extrusion die according to FIGS. 13 and 14, as seen in FIG. 13, cut along the lines XV-XV in FIG.

FIG. 16 shows the channel formation of the extrusion die according to FIGS. 13 to 15, cut in a view according to the lines XVI-XVI in FIG. 13;

FIG. 17 shows the extrusion tool according to FIGS. 13 to 16, in a view according to arrow XVII in FIG. 13;

18 shows another embodiment of an extrusion tool with two extruders opening into it, in a simplified perspective view;

19 shows a possible cross section of an article to be produced with the extrusion tool according to FIG. 18; FIG. 20 shows another possible embodiment of an extrusion tool cut in side view and schematically simplified representation; FIG.

21 shows an extrusion system with an additional device for applying a band-shaped element to the object to be produced, in side view and in a greatly simplified, schematic representation;

FIG. 22 shows a further possible embodiment of a support arrangement for calibration tools according to FIGS. 5 to 7, in diagrammatic and simplified representation;

FIG. 23 shows a partial region of the support arrangement according to FIG. 22 in a position of the joint arrangement distanced from one another, in a view and simplified schematic representation;

FIG. 24 shows a partial region of the support arrangement according to FIGS. 22 and 23 in a position of the joint arrangement distanced from one another, in plan view and in an enlarged schematic representation;

FIG. 25 shows a partial region of the support arrangement according to FIGS. 22 to 24 in the region of the joint arrangement in a position of the joint arrangement distanced from one another, in FIG

View, partially cut and enlarged view;

Fig. 26, the joint assembly of the support assembly of FIG. 25 in the assembled

Condition, in view and enlarged view;

27 shows a possible embodiment of a fitting and centering element between directly adjacent components of an extrusion tool in a separate position of the individual components, cut in view;

Fig. 28 shows another possible embodiment of a fitting and centering between immediately adjacent components of an extrusion die in a separate position of the individual components, cut in view. By way of introduction, it should be noted that in the differently described embodiments, the same parts are provided with the same reference numerals or the same component names, wherein the disclosures contained in the entire description can be mutatis mutandis to the same parts with the same reference numerals or component names. Also, the position information selected in the description, such as top, bottom, side, etc. related to the immediately described and illustrated figure and are to be transferred to a new position analogous to the new situation. Furthermore, individual features or combinations of features from the various exemplary embodiments shown and described can also represent separate, inventive or inventive solutions.

In Fig. 1, an extrusion plant 1 is shown, which consists of an extruder 2, a downstream shaping device 3 and a downstream of this caterpillar 4 for an extruded article 5. The caterpillar take-off 4 serves to pull the article 5, for example a profile, in particular a hollow profile made of plastic, for the window and / or door construction in the extrusion direction 6, starting from the extruder 2, through the entire shaping device 3. In this exemplary embodiment, the shaping device 3 comprises an extrusion tool 7 associated with the extruder 2, a calibration device 8 comprising at least one, but preferably several calibration tools 9 to 13 and at least one, but preferably a plurality of cooling chambers 14 to 16 in which a plurality of calibration blades 17 are arranged , However, individual ones of the calibration orifices 17 can also be configured as support diaphragms for the article 5 only for the support function.

In the area of the extruder 2 is a receiving container 18, in which a material, such as a mixture or granules for forming a plastic, is stored, which is supplied with at least one screw conveyor in the extruder 2 to the extrusion die 7. Furthermore, the extruder 2 also comprises a plasticizing unit, through which the material is heated and plasticized according to the inherent properties under pressure and optionally the supply of heat during the passage of the material by means of the screw conveyor and optionally additional heating and promoted in the direction of the extrusion die 7 , Before entering the extrusion die 7, the mass flow from the plasticized material into transition zones can be led to the desired profile cross-section, but in most cases a rod-shaped melt strand from the plastifϊzierten plastic in the form of a plastic mass exiting the extruder 2 and the extrusion tool 7 is fed. This melt strand preferably has a circular cross-section, the deformation of which takes place within the extrusion tool 7 towards the desired profile geometry of the article 5 to be produced, as will be described in detail below.

The extrusion tool 7, the plasticizing unit and the receptacle 18 are supported on a machine bed 19, the machine bed 19 being set up on a flat footprint 20, such as a flat hall floor.

The entire calibration device 8 is arranged or held in this embodiment on a calibration table 21, wherein the calibration table 21 is supported by rollers 22 on one or more mounted on the footprint 20 rails 23. This storage of the calibration table 21 on the rollers 22 on the rails 23 serves to the entire calibration table 21 with the inputs or devices arranged thereon in the extrusion direction 6 - according to registered arrow - to proceed from or to the extrusion die 7. To perform this adjustment easier and more accurate, the calibration table 21, for example, a not-shown positioning drive assigned, which allows a targeted and controlled longitudinal movement of the calibration 21 toward the extruder 2 or away from the extruder 2. For the drive and the control of this

Traversing drive can be used any known from the prior art solutions and aggregates.

The calibration tools 9 to 13 of the calibration device 8 are here supported on a mounting plate and formed, for example, as a vacuum calibration, wherein the calibration of the extruded article 5 within the individual shaping and calibration tools 9 to 13 takes place. In addition, the arrangement of the vacuum slots, the cooling sections and the flow channels or cooling holes and their connections and supply can be made according to the known prior art. Likewise, one, but also several of the calibration tools 9 to 13 may be formed of individual successive and immediately adjacent calibration diaphragms, as has already been described in detail in AT 003 321 Ul. This calibration can include, for example, a combination of dry and wet calibration or only a complete dry calibration. Furthermore, an access of ambient air at least between the extrusion die 7 and the first calibration tool 9 and / or at least between the first calibration tool 9 and other calibration tools 10 to 13 can be completely prevented. Of course, it is also possible, at least in some areas between the individual calibration tools 9 to 13 to allow access of ambient air to the object 5 or to arrange water baths.

The cooling chamber 14 to 16 is formed here by a simplified illustrated housing, being divided into its interior by therein arranged and simplified illustrated calibration aperture 17 in immediately successive areas. For rapid heat removal from the article 5, the interior of the cooling chamber 14 to 16 is at least partially filled with a cooling medium, wherein the cooling medium can be both liquid and gaseous. Of course, the same cooling medium but also be present in different states of aggregation in the cooling chamber 14 to 16. But it is also additionally possible to lower the interior of the cooling chamber 14 to 16 to a lower pressure relative to the atmospheric air pressure, which can then also speak of a vacuum tank.

After exiting the extrusion die 7, the article 5 has a predetermined cross-sectional shape which is sufficiently calibrated and / or cooled in the subsequent calibration tools 9 to 13 until the viscous article 5 is superficially or in the edge or cladding region thereof has cooled so far that its outer shape is stable and designed in accordance with their dimensions. Subsequent to the calibration tools 9 to 13, the article 5 passes through the cooling chambers 14 to 16, in order to achieve a further heat dissipation and associated cooling and optionally calibration and support and so dissipate the residual heat contained in the article 5.

For the operation of the extrusion system 1, in particular the arranged or supported on the calibration table 21 inputs or devices these are connectable to a supply device, not shown, with which the most diverse aggregates, for example wise with a liquid cooling medium, with electrical energy, with compressed air and with a vacuum, can be acted upon. The most diverse energy sources can be freely selected and used as needed.

For passing the article 5 through the individual calibration apertures 17, these have at least one calibration opening 24 or an opening, wherein individual molding surfaces 25, 26 of the calibration opening 24 at least partially delimit or delimit an outer profile cross section 27 of the object 5 which can be passed through. As described above, the object 5 is cooled down during the passage through the individual calibration dies 9 to 13 in the region of its outer walls or of its shell while the softened plastic material solidified sufficiently that the ^* outer profile sections of the hollow profile already a certain Eigensteifϊgkeit or Have strength. In order to completely dissipate the residual heat still present in the profile interior, in particular in the region of the hollow chambers and the webs arranged therein, the vacuum tanks 14 to 16 with the calibration orifices 17 arranged therein are provided in this exemplary embodiment.

During this further cooling and solidification process, it is due to the different heat dissipation over the cross section to build up internal stresses in the region of the profile cross-section, whereby the article 5 is to lead at predeterminable points of its cross-section such that the required dimensional stability, in particular in the range of Connection dimensions, sealing grooves, etc. can be achieved in sufficient accuracy. In the area of such guiding or contact points, starting from the object 5 towards the calibration orifices 17, high pressure and thus associated frictional forces occur, whereby at these predeterminable points an increased wear and, subsequently, an increasingly strong one Dimensional deviation occurs. Due to this over the cross section temporally offset cooling and the consequent solidification of the plastic mass also leads to displacements of the entire profile geometry, whereby reworking individual mold surfaces 25 and 26 of the librieröffnung 24 are necessary to ensure the required dimensional stability of the manufactured article 5 to be able to.

Furthermore, at the first cooling chamber 14 immediately upstream calibration tool 13 shows in simplified form that this is made up of a plurality of calibration apertures or calibration plates 27 arranged directly one behind the other and at least partially adjacent to one another, wherein the calibration plates 27 are aligned with their thickness or thickness in the direction of the extrusion direction 6.

2 to 4, the extrusion die 7 of the shaping device 3 is simplified and shown schematically, wherein the extrusion die 7 can also be referred to as a so-called extrusion die 28. In this case, the extrusion die 7 here has a plurality of elements 29 to 31 arranged directly one after the other in the direction of extrusion 6, which for the plastic mass, in particular the melt of a plasticized plastic, in the extrusion direction 6 between an inlet region 32 and an outlet region 33 at least one channel "34 limit.

Between the inlet region 32 and the outlet region 33 extends a longitudinal axis 35, which is aligned parallel to the extrusion direction 6. The individual, consecutively arranged elements 29 to 31 for forming the extrusion die 7 have an overall length 36 in the extrusion direction 6. The channel 34 shown here extends, as already described above, between the inlet region 32 and the outlet region 33 and is aligned over a predominant longitudinal section 37 between the inlet region 32 and the outlet region 33, also running parallel to the extrusion direction. This longitudinal section 37 of the parallel alignment extends, starting from the outlet region 33 toward the inlet region 32 and ends at a short distance 38 in front of it.

In this case, the entire channel 34 between the inlet region 32 and the outlet region 33 is divided in its longitudinal course into a plurality of, in cross section to each other, different channel sections 39 to 42, as indicated by simplified dimension lines. The first channel section 39 here forms a transition from a full channel cross section 43 to a jacket-shaped, further channel cross-section 44, the second channel section 40 beginning in the region of the channel cross-section 44. This man-shaped channel cross-section 44 is also shown in simplified form in FIG.

It should be noted that this cross-sectional shape shown here has been chosen only as an example for a variety of possible profile cross-sections. The channel 44 is within the Extrusion tool 7 in the section of its outer jacket-shaped training over a majority of its longitudinal extent between the inlet region 32 and outlet region 33 by inner or outer channel walls 45, 46 limited, which are aligned parallel to each other. Furthermore, it can be seen from the illustration of FIG. 2 that the channel 34 has a channel cross-section which is designed to decrease over its longitudinal course or its longitudinal extent in the direction of the specialization 6.

As already described above, the extrusion tool 7 is connected directly to the extruder 2, wherein it has an outlet opening which has a full, preferably circular cross-section. Through this opening, the prepared in the extruder extrudate is forwarded or passed to the special tools tool 7 and is transformed in this of the full melt strand towards the profile geometry of the article 5 to be produced. For the sake of simplicity and clarity, the depiction of the melt strand within the extrusion tool 7 in FIGS. 2 to 4 has been dispensed with.

The second channel section 40 adjoining the first channel section 39 is likewise arranged in the first element 29 of the extra-power tool 7 and has the channel cross-section 44 formed in the manner of a jacket. This is aligned over its longitudinal extension parallel to the Extraionsrichtung 6 extending. Likewise, the channel cross-section 44 in the second channel portion 40 is formed over its longitudinal extent or longitudinal extension in its size constant.

As can further be seen from a synopsis of FIGS. 2 to 4, at least one additional, further channel 47 is arranged at least in the second channel section 40 within the jacket-shaped channel cross section 44 of the first channel 34, the additional further channel 47 extending as far as the exit zone 33 extends and serves for forming within the shell of the article 5 arranged webs. In this case, the additional, further channel 47 opens into the jacket-shaped channel cross-section 44 of the first channel 34, preferably at both transversely to the Extraionsrichtung arranged end portions, which thus takes place in a known manner connecting the webs with the jacket. At the end of the first element 29 of the extrusion die 7, the transition of the channels 34, 47 into the second element 30 of the extrusion die 7 represented here takes place.

The third channel section 41 adjoining the second channel section 40 is arranged at the end of the second element in the transition region towards the third element 30 and has the channel cross-section 48 formed decreasing from the channel cross-section 44 in the extra-ion direction 6. The decrease of the channel cross section 44 towards the small channel cross section 48 is preferably continuous and symmetrical to the extrusion direction 6.

As shown in simplified fashion in this transition region between the two channel sections 40, 41 in FIG. 2, the channel cross section 44 decreases centrally towards a channel means 49 towards the small channel cross section 48 in the third channel section 41. With its reduced channel cross section 48 at the end of the third channel section 41 or at the beginning of the fourth channel section 42, the channel 34 already has the profile geometry of the article 5 to be produced. The fourth channel section 42 adjoining the third channel section 41 is likewise in turn aligned parallel to the extra direction 6, in which fourth channel section 42 the channel-shaped channel cross-section 48 has the same length over its longitudinal course and already the profile geometry of the article to be produced 5 corresponds. This also applies analogously to the further channels 47 arranged within the channel cross sections 44, 48 for forming the webs, as is likewise indicated in a simplified manner in the transition region between the first element 29 and second element 30.

The Extrasionswerkzeug 7 is simplified here formed by the three consecutively arranged elements 29 to 31, which limit the channel 34 at least at its outer periphery. Thus, in this exemplary embodiment, the first channel section 39 and the second channel section 40 are arranged in the first element 29. Furthermore, the third and partly the fourth channel section 41, 42 is arranged in the second element 30. Finally, the remaining, fourth channel section 42 is arranged in the third element 31, this having the advantage that corrections of the profile geometry are only to be performed in the relatively thin third element 31. By means of this special arrangement of the individual channel sections 39 to 42 in the elements 29 to 31 arranged one behind the other and adjoining one another, a simple machining of the channels can be achieved, whereby substantially shorter rer time an extrusion die 7 can be created for hollow sections with inner webs.

Preferably, the individual elements 29 to 31 are formed from a round material, in which case, depending on the size of the profile geometry to be produced, for example, an outer diameter of 180 mm can be used. This outer diameter is dependent on the liier not shown heating elements for temperature control of the extrusion die 7 and can be freely selected according to the known prior art. The total length 36 of the individual elements 29 to 31 may be, for example, 205 mm, the first element 29 having a thickness of 120 mm in the extrusion direction 6, the second element 30 having a thickness of 55 mm and finally the third element 31 having a thickness of 30 mm can.

As already briefly described above, the channel 34 has the two limiting, inner or outer channel walls 45, 46, wherein the inner channel walls 45 are used for the inner boundary of the jacket-shaped channel cross-section 44, 48 and are arranged on at least one mandrel 50. This mandrel 50 is arranged in this embodiment as a fixed mandrel in the second element 30, which is connected via a plurality, not shown here, parallel to the extrusion direction 6 extending webs or ribs with the second element 30. These ribs or webs cut through the passage of material passing through the channel 34, which is then combined in the third element 31 of the extrusion die 7 again to a continuous over the circumference or cross-section melt strand. The thus formed element 30 can then also be referred to as a so-called Dornlialteplatte, as is customary in extrusion technology.

In order to limit the channel cross section 44 in the first element 29, a mandrel part 51, which can also be referred to as a tip, is arranged at least in regions within the jacket-shaped channel cross-section 44 in the extrusion direction 6 and from the end of the second channel section 40 against the extrusion direction 6 in the direction on the inlet region 32 protrudes. In this case, the mandrel part 51 is seen opposite to the extrusion direction 6, at the end facing the inlet region 32 converging. As a result, a simpler division of the full melt strand towards the jacket-shaped channel cross-section 44 can be effected. This mandrel part 51 can be supported on or connected to the mandrel 50 of the second element 30. This is an exact one Position positioning and holding the same to limit the channel 34 perfectly possible.

As can further be seen from a synopsis of FIGS. 2 and 4, the channels 34 and 47 in the region of the third element 31 are delimited by a spike attachment 52 which projects from the spike 50 of the second element 30 in the direction of extrusion 6 and into the third Protrudes element 31. In this case, this Dornaufsatz 52 may be formed of a plurality of Dornaufsatzteilen 53, which depends on the number of webs within the profile shell.

Furthermore, it is possible that a plurality of fitting elements 54 are arranged between the individual elements 29 to 31, as shown between the second element 30 and third element 31 in the upper right corner of FIG. 2. These fitting elements 54 serve to precisely align and position the individual elements 29 to 31 relative to one another, wherein the positioning against each other can be carried out on each other to form the extrusion tool 7, for example by screwing, etc.

FIGS. 5 to 7 illustrate a further, possible and optionally independent embodiment of the shaping device 3 in the region of the successively arranged calibration tools 10 to 12, wherein again the same reference numerals and component designations for the same parts, as in the preceding FIGS. 1 to 4 are used. Likewise, to avoid unnecessary repetition, reference is made to the detailed description in the preceding Figs.

At the calibration table 21 shown here in a schematically simplified manner, the calibration tools 10 to 12 arranged downstream of the extrusion tool 7 in the extrusion direction 6 are shown simplified in dashed lines, whereby the object 5 passing through them has also been simplified. The first in the extrusion direction 6 arranged calibration tool 10 is arranged on a support plate 55 shown in simplified form or held on this. The other calibration tools 11 and 12 shown here are arranged or supported on a separate, separate from the support plate 55 receiving plate 56, wherein the support plate 55 seen in the extrusion direction 6, the receiving plate 56 is arranged upstream. The receiving plate 56 is on additional spacer or support elements 57 on the calibration table 21 supported or supported. This support member 57 may also be formed as a support rail, whereby it is possible to move the receiving plate 56 according to registered double arrow 58 parallel to a longitudinal axis 59 of the calibration 21 transverse to the extrusion direction 6 relative thereto. Preferably, the receiving plate 56 is integrally formed, which then also carries successively arranged thereon the calibration tools 11, 12 and possibly also via this plate, the supply of the calibration tools 11, 12 can be done with cooling medium, vacuum and other energy sources.

Furthermore, in the region between the support plate 55 and the receiving plate 56, a simplified illustrated hinge assembly 60 is shown, with which it is possible to spatially displace the support plate 55 relative to the receiving plate 56, this being due to the support on the support plate 55 in two Spatial directions. This joint arrangement 60 can be designed such that essentially the support plate 55 is supported on the receiving plate 56 in the extrusion direction 6, whereby the tensile forces introduced by the article 5 during passage of the calibration tool 10 in connection with the caterpillar take-off 4 are in the range the hinge assembly 60 can be removed to the receiving plate 56 and subsequently to the calibration table 21. The spatial adjustment can take place both in a vertical direction - according to double arrow 61 in FIG. 5 - as well as in a horizontal plane - according to double arrow 62 in FIG. 6 - and thereby also be superimposed. This makes it possible, as shown in simplified form in FIG. 6, a calibration axis 63 of the calibration tool 10 as a result of Schwenkbzw. Rotating possibility to the hinge assembly 60 relative to the longitudinal axis 59 of the calibration table 21 and a further calibration axis 64 of the other calibration tools 11 and 12 to relocate. These calibration axes 63, 64 are defined by the calibration openings 65 passing through the individual calibration tools 10 to 12. This relative displacement of the successively arranged calibration openings 65 with their Kalibrierachsen 63, 64 serves to achieve sufficient straightness of the article 5 in its cooled or solidified state - ie after cooling.

In the case of the object 5 shown in simplified form in FIG. 7, the latter has a first partial section 66 with a hollow chamber and a further partial section 67 made of a solid profile. In this embodiment, the entire cross-section of the article 5 is made up of at least the first section 66 and at least tied, further or second section 67 together. Due to the extrusion process, the article 5 has approximately the same temperature during its exit from the extrusion die 7, not shown in detail here, in particular the extrusion die 28, seen over its cross section. However, this changes immediately after the entry into the calibrating device 8 with its calibration tools 10 to 12, in which the additional portion 67 is deprived of a higher amount of heat than the first portion 66 with the hollow chamber (s) due to the possibility of cooling on all sides. This first section 66 can be well cooled in the calibration tools 10 to 12 only in the region of its outer side and thus only a sufficient amount of heat can be withdrawn in the jacket area.

Due to the spatial displacement of the support plate 55 and subsequently arranged thereon first calibration tool 10 with its Kalibrierachse 63 with respect to the subsequent Kalibrierwerkzeugen 11 and 12, with the other Kalibrierachse 64 can depending on the relative position of the formed as a hollow section portion 66 and as Solid profile trained, further section 67 already in the inlet of the article 5 in the calibration device 8 alignment with respect to the straightness of the article 5 can be achieved.

7, in which the partial section 67 of the solid material is arranged above the partial section 66 with the hollow chamber, the support plate 55 is, according to the double arrow 61 shown in FIG in the opposite direction to the footprint 20, so to pivot upwards. This results in a longitudinal expansion or minimum extension of the hollow first section 66, whereby the object 5 rectilinearly aligned after further cooling in the subsequent calibration tools 11, 12

Calbrier 8 leaves and is further cooled in the following in Fig. 1 subsequently shown cooling chambers 14 to 16. Due to the angular adjustment of the hollow portion 66 formed before the final cooling against the fully formed portion 67 is stretched or extended to later shrink during cooling can.

For adjustment from the horizontal plane-according to the double arrow 61-the support plate 55 is shown schematically simplified on the side facing away from the joint arrangement 60. provided adjuster 68 associated, which may be formed for example by a screw or Spmdelanordnung. With this adjusting device 68, the support plate 55 is thus displaced in the vertical direction with respect to the extrusion direction 6 and also fixed in the set position.

6, the support plate 55 is associated with a further adjustment device 69 on the side remote from the joint arrangement 60 for displacement thereof in a horizontal plane, which can be arranged transversely to the extrusion direction 6 acting, for example, on the calibration table 21. This adjusting device 69 can again be formed by a screw or spindle arrangement or the like, with which a fixing or

Holder relative to the following calibration tools 11, 12 and the calibration table 21 takes place.

It should only be mentioned that the adjusting devices 68, 69 shown here have been shown only by way of example for a multiplicity of possible exemplary embodiments, wherein a support or fixing is always essential after the adjustment or displacement of the support plate 55 about the hinge arrangement 60 is. A displacement of the support plate 55 seen in the extrusion direction 6, is not provided here.

Likewise, it should also be mentioned that the hinge assembly 60 shown here has also been chosen only as an example for a variety of possible embodiments and is formed in this embodiment by a spherically shaped intermediate element and correspondingly opposite recesses formed in the support plate 55 and receiving plate 56. But it would also be other joint arrangements 60, such as e.g. Cardan joints, elastic support elements or dgi., Possible. Another possible embodiment of the hinge arrangement 60 is shown in FIGS. 22 to 26.

Angular ranges of the respective pivoting angle for the adjustments according to the double arrows 61 and 62 are provided starting from the rectilinear or aligned alignment of the calibration axes 63, 64 to each other up to 10 ° in the two spatial directions. This is dependent on the extent of the deviation of the object 5 from the straightness to be achieved, wherein here also preferably smaller angular ranges between 1 ° and 5 ° may be sufficient. It should also be mentioned that the arrangement of the joint arrangement 60 between the support plate 55 and the receiving plate 56 is not limited exclusively between the first calibration tool 10 here in the extrusion direction 6 and the immediately following further calibration tool 11, but can also be arranged between further directly adjacent calibration tools 11, 12, etc., as shown in FIG dashed lines in Fig. 5 is indicated. It is only important that the support plate 55 is formed with respect to the subsequent Aufhahmeplatte 56 spatially to this displaceable. The arrangement of the support elements is to be adapted accordingly.

FIGS. 8 and 9 show a further possible and optionally independent embodiment of the shaping device 3, again using the same reference numerals or component designations for the same parts as in the preceding FIGS. 1 to 7. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, reference is made to the detailed description in the preceding Figs. 1 to 7 or reference.

This partial region of the shaping device 3 shown here is the extrusion die 8, in particular the extrusion die 28, and the first calibration die 10 following in the extrusion direction 6. The article 5 to be produced is likewise shown in a simplified form and exits from the extrusion die 28 in the region of an end face 70 from the extrusion tool 8. The channel 34 within the extrusion nozzle 28 is also simplified and serves to form the article 5, which in turn comprises a hollow profile with a circumferential jacket 71 and optionally arranged in a profile chamber 72 webs 73. It should be noted that the profile cross-section of the article 5 has been selected and shown only as an example for a variety of possible cross-sectional shapes.

The article 5 emerging from the extrusion nozzle 28 is assigned a treatment device 75 in the region of the end face 70 at least in regions in the section of its outer surface 74.

This treatment device 75 serves to supply a pre-definable amount of heat to a predeterminable portion of the outer surface 74 of the article 5 while treating the surface 74. This can, depending on the choice of temperature, lead to an increase of the gliding wheel, and associated with a reduction of the surface roughness. The treatment medium used is preferably a gaseous medium, in particular air, which is removed by means of a blower, for example from the ambient air, and supplied to the surface 74 via a flow channel 77. In this case, within the flow channel 77 a schematically simplified tempering element 78 is arranged, which tempered the medium flowing through the flow channel 77 subsequent to the fan 76 to a presettable value. However, it would also be possible to supply already preheated medium to the flow channel 77 and to carry out the exact temperature control by the tempering element 78.

Regardless, it would also be possible not to remove the gaseous medium, as shown here, the ambient air, but to take from its own reservoir, not shown, and so via the flow channel 77 of the surface 74 for the treatment of the article 5 zuzuleiten. If the gaseous medium is under pressure, the blower 76 can be dispensed with and a corresponding pressure and / or quantity control for the gaseous medium must be provided.

The flow channel 77 opens into a deflection channel 79 which is recessed in the end face 70 and which is provided in the extrusion nozzle 28 at least in the area of the surface 74 to be treated. However, this deflection channel 79 preferably extends on both sides-depending on the profile geometry-up to the lateral edge region of the extrusion nozzle 28. This deflection channel 79 is arranged in the section of the surface 74 to be treated directly adjacent to the channel wall 46 of the channel 34, wherein a distance A between the channel wall 46 delimiting the channel 34 and a channel side wall 80 which is preferably parallel thereto is selected to be relatively small so as to achieve a directed, uniform flow of the tempering medium after passing through the deflection channel 79 onto the surface 74 of the article 5 to be treated. The distance A is between 0.5 mm and 3.0 mm. The cross section of the Umlenkkanals 79 viewed in the direction perpendicular to the extrusion direction 6, can be formed most diverse and depends on the amount flowing through the treatment medium, the deflection of the treatment medium and the temperature provided for the treatment. The aim is in the outflow from the deflection conduit 79, a temperature between 180 ° C and 300 ⁰ C, preferably between 190 ⁰ C and 250 ⁰ C have the treatment medium. In this embodiment shown here, the flow channel 77 is limited in the region of the end face 70 by a guide element 81 which is preferably oriented parallel thereto, which is arranged at a distance from the end face 70 and in that region in which no treatment is provided or an exit of the treatment medium is prevented should, formed adjacent to the end face 70. As a result, part of the flow channel 77 forms between the end face 70 and the guide element 81. This opens, as already described above, in the deflection channel 79, in which case the guide element 81 has a projection 82 projecting in the direction of the deflection channel 79. Starting from the guide element 81, this projection 82 projects in the direction of the end face 70 of the extrusion nozzle 28 and, if necessary, can also protrude into the deflection channel 79 at least in regions. In the transition region between the guide element 81 and the projection 82 can be arranged or provided to improve the flow angularly aligned to the flow direction guide surfaces, so as to favor the deflection of the treatment medium in the deflection channel 79 and turn out of this.

The deflection channel 79 in cooperation with the projection 82 of the guide element 81 forms a deflection device for the volume flow of the treatment medium. The treatment medium is guided in the region of the flow channel 77 parallel to the end face 70 as far as the projection 82 or deflecting channel 79, here first a deflection of the flow movement counter to the extrusion direction 6 and then again in the extrusion direction 6. By this deflection, a flow movement of the treatment medium in the outlet region of the deflection channel 79 is achieved at a predeterminable angle to the extrusion direction 6. It is essential that the treatment medium, after passing through the deflection channel 79, is directed away from the extrusion tool 8 in the extrusion direction 6 to the downstream calibration tool 10, thereby avoiding disadvantageous temperature influencing of the extrusion nozzle 28. With sufficient temperature control of the treatment medium by the tempering 78 an unwanted cooling of the extrusion nozzle 28 is avoided in the region of the treatment device 75, whereby no additional heating elements are provided here.

FIGS. 10 to 12 show in simplified form a possible and optionally independent embodiment of one of the calibration tools-in the present case, of the calibration tool 13-again with the same reference numerals and component parts being used for the same parts. drawings, as used in the preceding Figs. 1 to 9. To avoid unnecessary repetition, reference is made to the detailed description in the preceding Figs. 1 to 9 or reference.

The calibration tool 13 is selected only as an example for the arrangement according to the representation in FIG. 1, but also the calibration tools 10 to 12 shown there may be similarly designed, like the calibration tool 13 shown and described here. The individual caliber plates arranged one behind the other 27 form one of the calibration tools as an assembled unit and define at least one calibration opening 65 for the object 5 to be passed through. This calibration opening 65 has a plurality of mold surfaces 83 to 86, illustrated schematically simplified, for applying at least one object 5 to be guided through.

Furthermore, the individual calibration plates 27 have normal to the forming surfaces 83 to 86 and in the extrusion direction 6 spaced apart, mutually parallel aligned end surfaces 87, 88 and between these extending side surfaces 89 to 92. In this embodiment shown here, the two mutually opposite side surfaces 89, 90 on both sides of the calibration 65 and the other side surfaces 91, 92 arranged on the top or bottom of the calibration plates 27. As a result of the selected representation for the extrusion direction 6, in this exemplary embodiment the first end face 87 faces an entry region 93 and the second or further end face 88 faces an exit region 94 for the object 5 to be guided through.

As can be seen in particular from the representations of FIGS. 10 and 12, at least one cavity 95 is formed between at least two immediately adjacent calibration plates 27 and the mutually facing end faces 87, 88, which starting from the calibration opening 65 or the latter surrounding forming surfaces 83 to 86 extends to a channel 96, 97 and opens into this. However, it would also be possible to assign only one of the channels 96, 97 to the cavity 95, wherein the number of channels can be freely selected depending on the negative pressure to be built up in the cavity 95. The two channels 96, 97 are preferably recessed in a cover or base plate 98, 99, wherein schematically indicated that at least one of the channels 96, 97 via a connection with an intake 100 with a suction device, not shown here, in particular a vacuum generator connected.

The individual successively arranged, successively arranged caliber plates 27 of the calibration tool 13 shown here in simplified form are in the region of their end faces 87, 88 formed so that they abut each other at the facing end faces 87, 88 and so an almost complete seal by the planar contact surface is achievable. The same also applies to the contact surfaces of the cover or base plate 98, 99 in the contact area on the side surfaces 91, 92, whereby a sufficient sealing effect can be achieved here and due to the suction with the channel 96, 91 in connection with a suction against the outer ambient pressure reduced pressure over the entire cavity 95 can be built up.

As can be seen now from a combination of FIGS. 11 and 12, the cavity 95 or the cavities are open over a predominant part of the circumference of the calibration opening 65 in the direction of the calibration opening 65 delimited by the shaping surfaces 83 to 86. Thus, it is now possible to subject the object to be passed 5 in the region of its outer surfaces, ie those which are facing the mold surfaces 83 to 86, almost completely with a relative to the outer air pressure lowered air pressure, whereby in the hollow chambers of the article 5, the ambient pressure increasingly comes into effect and a pressure difference between the hollow chambers of the article 5 and the outer surface of the article 5 can be built up. By this at least partially over the circumference of the Kalibrieröffhung 65 constructed pressure difference is a suction of the still viscous object 5 to the forming surfaces 83 to 86, whereby on the one hand comes to rest the outer surface of the article 5 on the forming surfaces 83 to 86 and on the other hand, conditionally by the additional cooling - described in more detail later - the object 6 is again deprived of the amount of heat supplied during the extrusion process and the desired cross-sectional shape of the object 5 is determined.

Here, in this exemplary embodiment, the cavity 95, starting from the mold surfaces 83 to 86, measured in the direction parallel to the mold surfaces 83 to 86, a different width 101 to 103, wherein this with increasing distance from the mold surface 83 to 86 in the extrusion direction. 6 increases. As can best be seen from FIG. 12, the cavity 95, between the caliber plates 27 shown here, in the region of the mutually facing end faces 87, 88 over a first distance 104 of 0.3 mm to 5.0 mm, is preferred from 0.5 mm to 2.0 mm, starting from one of the forming surfaces 83 to 86 in the direction perpendicular to this the width 101, between 0.2 mm and 3.0 mm, preferably between 0.4 mm and 1.0 mm , on, wherein in this area on the calibration plate 27 first part end surfaces 105 are formed. In this case, the cavity 95 over the length of the first partial end face 105, ie in the direction of the first distance 104, formed in a gap shape, wherein the first width 101 depending on the profile shape of the calibrated article 5 or due to the pressure difference to be established between the cavity 95 and the hollow chambers of the article 5 can be selected in the specified dimensions.

Following the first distance 104, the cavity 95, starting from this first distance 104, over a further distance 106 of 6.0 mm to 20 mm also in the direction perpendicular to the forming surfaces 83 to 86, the width 102 between 1.0 mm and 2.5 mm, wherein again on the caliber plate 27 second partial end surfaces 107 are formed. Subsequent to the second distance 106, the cavity 95 has the width 103, between 2.5 mm and 10.0 mm, wherein third partial end surfaces 108 are formed on the calibration plate 27. The indicated widths 101 to 103 each extend from the front surface 88 of the upstream calibration plate 27 to the individual partial end surfaces 105, 107 and 108.

In this embodiment shown here, the partial end faces 105, 107 and 108 are aligned parallel to the end faces 87, 88, but spaced therefrom by the widths 101 to 103. Due to the different widths 101 to 103, the volume of the cavity 95 is increased with increasing distance or distance from the calibration opening 65, whereby flow losses during the build-up of the negative pressure in the cavity 95 can be compensated even over longer flow paths up to the area of the first partial end faces 105 and so over the circumference of the calibration 65 almost a uniform vacuum can be built up. This makes it possible to build a uniform pressure difference between the outside and the hollow chamber of the article 5 over almost the entire circumference of the article 5 to be cooled. For example, to suspend different wall thicknesses of the article 5 a negative pressure and thereby build up intended pressure differences over the circumference, but it is also possible, the width 101 between the first part end face 105 and the associated end face 88 of the directly upstream caliber plate 27 over the circumference of Calibration opening 65 different form. It should be noted that the negative pressure in the region of the cavity 95 is selected such that the built-up pressure difference between the hollow chambers of the article 5 and the cavity 95 is adapted to the degree of cooling of the article 5. If the object to be cooled 5 still has a relative softness, ie it is still countable, the pressure difference should be less than in that region in which the article 5 has already cooled further and the outer jacket forming the article 5 already has a certain degree Has inherent rigidity. If the pressure difference were to be selected too high, a positive connection may occur in the region between the first partial end face 105 and the further end face 88 of the immediately preceding calibration plate 27, and this would lead to damage of the article 5 to be cooled. In this case, the outer surface of the article 5 would be at least partially sucked into the gap between the first part of the end face 105, whereby at least partially a positive connection occurs over the circumference of the article 5. In order to improve the inlet of the object to be cooled 5 in the individual caliber plates 27, it is advantageous if in the transition region between the forming surfaces 83 to 86 and the immediately adjacent first part end faces 105, a radius 109 is arranged, which has a size between 0.1 mm and 1.0 mm. But it would also be possible to choose any other larger dimensions for the radius 109.

The cavity 95 is limited in the region of the two opposite side surface 89, 90, which are vertically aligned in this exemplary embodiment, on the side facing away from the Kalibrieröffhung 65 by at least two strip-shaped components 110, as in the left portion of FIG. 12 schematically a dash-dotted line is indicated. However, it would also be possible to connect the strip-shaped component 110 in one piece with the caliber plates 27, whereby the individual caliber plates 27 are integrally formed. This is the case when the cavity 95 is formed by an introduced recess in one of the end faces 87, 88 of the caliber plates 27. This recess can be produced, for example, by milling, the depth of the cutout being determined by milling. speaking width 101 to 103 corresponds to the formation of the cavity 95. 11, it is shown that the cavity 95 opens into at least one of the channels 96, 97 in the region of the further, mutually opposite side surfaces 91, 92. In the exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIG.

In this Ausruhrungsbeispiel shown here, the individual partial end faces 105, 107 and 108 facing the inlet region 93 of the article 5 to be fed through the calibration device 8. However, it would also be possible to arrange the individual partial end faces 105, 107 and 108 in the region of the further end face 88 facing away from it - ie the exit region 94 -.

By the arrangement of the cavity 95 over almost the entire circumference of the article 5, it is possible to assign the calibration opening 65 in the individual caliber plates 27 immediately adjacent to this, several Durchströmöffhungen 111 for a temperature control medium not shown here, said Durchströmöffhungen 111 over the circumference the Kalibrieröffhung 65 are arranged almost uniformly distributed, whereby a uniform heat removal over the entire outer surface of the molding surfaces 83 to 86 adjacent and sliding along the object 5 can be achieved.

The individual Durchströmöffhungen 111 pass through the caliber plates 27 in parallel alignment with the forming surfaces 83 to 86 and are further aligned normal to the end faces 87, 88. To achieve identically designed caliber plates 27, it is advantageous if, in the immediately adjacent caliber plates 27, the flow openings 111 are each aligned in alignment with one another and they pass through the caliber plates 27 in the region of the second partial end face 107. By this arrangement, it is possible that the tempering medium, in particular a cooling medium, passed through the flow-through opening 111 can be felt close to the shaping surfaces 83 to 86 so as to achieve efficient heat extraction.

By distancing the second partial end faces 107 from the further end face 88 facing the latter, a sealed transition of the throughflow openings 111 between the calibration plates 27 arranged directly behind one another is to be formed. In mutually aligned or successively arranged Durchströmöffhungen 111 in the individual Caliber plates 27 is in the region of the second partial end face 107 a projecting toward the here upstream end face 88 projection 112 formed on the caliber plate 27, which is preferably integrally formed from the caliber plate 27. This can be done for example by appropriate removal of the material on the end face 87, wherein in each case in the center of the neck 112, the Durchströmöffhung 111 is formed. The lugs 112 are arranged centrically to the Durchströmöffhung 111 and project beyond the end face 87 by a minimum amount 113, whereby the projection 112 forms a metallic sealing ring with the upstream end face 88 in the adjacent state. This extent 113 can be between 0.005 mm and 0.1 mm, preferably between 0.01 mm and 0.03 mm. The projecting projection 112 thus forms on its end face a sealing surface 114, which leads to a continuous sealing of the flow-through opening 11 when the caliber plates 27 are arranged one behind the other. Thus, starting from the entry region 93 toward the exit region 94, the cooling medium can be felt through the flow-through opening 111. But it would also be an opposite flow direction possible. It is essential that the immediately successively arranged Durchströmöffhungen 111 in the respective crossing region between the individual caliber plates 27 in the region of the sealing surfaces 114 and optionally the end faces 87 a liquid-tight seal and thus leakage of the cooling medium is secured prevented. This ensures that no additional sealing means or devices have to be provided in order to connect the successively arranged throughflow openings 111 in a sealing manner with each other for the passage of the cooling medium therethrough.

Due to the above-described slight projection of the projection 112 on the end face 87 - which has been exaggerated for clarity - can by elastic or plastic deformation of the adjoining Kalibierplatten 27 also in the region of the cavity 95 a, if not quite complete seal between the facing end surfaces 87, 88 can be achieved. Remains here a minimum gap between the end faces 87, 88, only a small proportion of external air is sucked into the cavity 95 from the outside environment, and this for the passing through the calibration 65 object 5 substantially less or no negative effects Sequence has as if a cooling medium would escape in the region of Durchströmöffhungen 111. FIGS. 13 to 17 show a further possible and optionally independent embodiment of the extrusion die 7 of the shaping device 3, again using the same reference numerals or component designations for the same parts as in the preceding FIGS. 1 to 12. To avoid unnecessary repetition, reference is made to the detailed description in the preceding Figs. 1 to 12 or reference.

The extrusion die 7, which can also be referred to as the extrusion die 28, has in the embodiment shown here-in particular FIG. 13-in the extrusion direction 6 a plurality of nozzle plates 115 to 118 arranged one behind the other and abutting one another. It should be noted that the number of nozzle plates 115 to 118 shown here has been chosen only as an example, the number may for example be between three and seven nozzle plates.

The first nozzle plate 115 in the extrusion direction 6 forms the inlet region 32 for the melt strand exiting from the extruder 2 (not shown here) and delimits the channel 34. In the inlet region 32, the channel 34 has the channel cross section 43, which is viewed from the center in the direction of extrusion 6 is formed widening.

The nozzle plate 115 has in each case vertical or normal to the longitudinal axis 35 aligned and spaced in the extrusion direction 6 end faces 119, 120, which limit the nozzle plate 115 and thus also the channel 34 seen in the extrusion direction 6. The nozzle plate 116 immediately following or abutting thereon likewise has further end faces 121, 122 oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 35, which thus delimit the nozzle plate 116 in the direction of the longitudinal axis 35. The further nozzle plates 117, 118 in turn also have end faces 123 to 126 aligned perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 35. Here, the end face 126 faces the outlet region 33 for the plastic melt passing through the extrusion nozzle 28 and forms a so-called die lip for it. It should be noted that in the region of the end face 126 of the nozzle plate 118 of the manufactured article 5 is already formed in its coarse cross-sectional shape so far that in the subsequent system parts, such as the calibration device 8 not shown here with the Kalibrierwerkzeugen 9 to 13 and optionally the cooling chambers 14 to 16, the final fixing and shaping or solidification of the article 5 takes place.

In the region of the further nozzle plate 116 directly adjoining the first nozzle plate 115, it is shown in simplified form that the common channel 34 arranged in the nozzle plate 115 is subdivided or divided into a plurality of subchannels 127, 128. In the subsequent, further nozzle plates 117, 118, a reduction of the outer dimensions of the sub-channels 127, 128 takes place, in which case a merging of the individual, separate sub-channels 127, 128 takes place towards Profϊlgeometrie of the article 5 to be produced.

FIGS. 14 to 17 illustrate, with reference to a possible exemplary embodiment, the so-called extended channel guidance within the extrusion nozzle 28, which, starting from the first channel cross-section 43, which is preferably circular and depends on the mouthpiece or connecting piece of the extruder, is enlarged in its cross-section or . is widened. Following this, the common is broadened in its cross section

Channel 34 and thus also the plastic melt passing through this divided into a plurality of individual sub-channels 127, 28 and then in the direction of the outlet region 33, the individual sub-channels 127, 28 reduced in cross-section, and are brought together again in their relative position. The first nozzle plate 115 in the extrusion direction has, as briefly described above, in the inlet region 32 the preferably circular channel cross section 43, which forms an extended and contiguous channel cross section 129 in the region of the further end face 120. The selected shape of the channel cross-section 129 is dependent on the profile geometry of the article 5 to be manufactured, in which case a uniform division of the melt stream from the common channel 34 to the sub-channels 127, 28 must be considered.

The further nozzle plate 116 with its end face 122 and the sub-channels 127, 28 arranged therein is shown in simplified form in FIG. 15, wherein it should be mentioned that the sub-channels 127, 128 shown here in a simplified manner have been selected for a multiplicity of possibilities and depends on the profile geometry to be produced. In this case, the individual sub-channels 127, 28 pass through the nozzle plate 116 parallel to the longitudinal axis 35 and perpendicular to the end faces 121, 122. Furthermore, in the region of the arranged at the periphery or the periphery of the article 5 to be manufactured sub-channels of the channel cross-section 129, which is arranged in the region of the end face 120 of the nozzle plate 115, indicated in dash-dotted lines. From this it can be seen that approximately in the middle region of the extrusion nozzle 28-here in the region of the nozzle plate 116-the individual sub-channels 127, 128 are reproduced in their outer contour or cross-sectional shape of subregions or subsections of the article 5 to be produced, wherein, however the individual sub-channels 127, 128 separated from each other or in the direction perpendicular to the extrusion direction 6 distanced from each other, the nozzle plate 116 prevail. Furthermore, the partial channel 127, 128 in the second nozzle plate 116 has a constant channel cross section between the two mutually spaced end faces 121, 122, wherein the channel cross section of the partial channel 127, 128 in its cross-sectional area with respect to the cross-sectional area of the manufactured portion of the article 5 is greater is trained.

Due to the spaced apart or separate passage of the sub-channels 127, 128, it is possible to arrange between the individual sub-channels 127, 128 most diverse, but not shown here for clarity better treatment devices for passing through the sub-channels 127, 128 plastic melt. These treatment devices can be added to the following enumerated and with each other combinable interaction, such. cooling, heating, irradiation, vibration generation serve. For this purpose, it is also possible here to provide supply and discharge lines or further channels (not shown) in order to be able to supply the treatment devices with a wide variety of operating media, such as, for example, cooling water, electrical energy, temperature control medium, etc.

Another advantage of the separate and extended channel management within the nozzle plate 116 is that only corrections to the profile geometry of the article 5 only individual sections of the sub-channels 127, 128 can be reworked and not whole nozzle plates must be replaced. The outer envelope of the sub-channels 127, 128 in the second nozzle plate 116 corresponds to the channel cross-section 129 of the common upstream channel 34 in the first nozzle plate 115. This ensures that all sub-channels 127, 128 within the nozzle plate 116 sufficient with ready-processed plastic melt can be charged during the extrusion process.

16, the individual sub-channels 127, 128 are each in the region of the two, in extruded sion direction 6 spaced from each other end faces 123, 124 of the nozzle plate 117. The contours of the sub-channels 127, 128 in the region of the first end face 123, which is the immediately upstream nozzle plate 116 is facing with its end face 122, shown in dashed lines and the contours of the sub-channels 127, 128 in the region of the other end face 124 in thin solid lines , On the representation of the sub-channel lines between the two spaced-apart end faces 123, 124 has been omitted for the sake of clarity. Thus, the arrangement of the sub-channels 127, 128 corresponds in the region of the first end face 123 of the nozzle plate 117 that arrangement of the sub-channels 127, 28, as in the region of the end face 122 of the directly upstream nozzle plate 116. Thus, in FIG. 16, the approximate outline of the can already be seen approximately from the drawn in thin solid lines sub-channels 127, 128, which can clearly be seen that both the individual sub-channels 127 between the two spaced-apart end faces 123, 124 are formed decreasing in their channel cross-section, as well as in their relative position to each other, are aligned closer together next to each other.

Finally, in FIG. 17, the final merging and the merging of the individual sub-channels 127, 128 into a common profile cross-section for the article 5 to be produced is shown.

By this special extended and separate channel management of the individual sub-channels 127, 128 following the common channel 34 in the region of the first nozzle plate 115, the first contiguous melt stream is divided into several melt sub-streams, in the individual sub-channels 127, 128 separated from each other via a front - Pre-determined distance preformed by the extrusion nozzle 28 in sections and passed through this, and then combined into a common and in turn related profile cross-section. In this case, the individual nozzle plates 115 to 118 or the channel 34 or the sub-channels 127, 128 arranged in the latter form in the extrusion direction 6, ie in the direction of the longitudinal axis 35, channel sections 130 to 133. Due to the division of the extrusion nozzle 28 into a plurality of nozzle plates 115 to 118 arranged one behind the other, the processing of the individual nozzle plates 115 to 118 with the channel 34 or the sub-channels 127, 128 arranged therein can be carried out relatively simply, this being done, for example, by wire and / or die-sinking is possible. FIGS. 18 and 19 show a further possible and optionally independent embodiment of the extrusion tool 7 of the shaping device 3, again using the same reference numerals or component designations for the same parts as in the preceding FIGS. 1 to 17. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, reference is made to the detailed description in the preceding FIGS. 1 to 17, in particular to the channel guidance of the sub-channels 127, 128 within the extrusion nozzle 28, which is expanded in FIGS. 13 to 17.

As shown schematically in simplified form in FIG. 18, the extrusion die 7, in particular the extrusion die 8, has two separate connections or inlet regions 134, 135, to which separate extruders 2 are assigned. The individual melt strands emerging from the two extruders 2 are in the respective inlet region. 134, 135 of the extrusion nozzle 28 and supplied within these pre-definable sub-channels 127, 128, as has been previously described in detail in Figs. 13 to 17 is the. This makes it possible, a division or allocation of the individual melt strands - here in the present embodiment two - make on individual profile sections or sections of the article to be manufactured 5, as has been simplified, for example, in FIG. 19 by differently selected hatching directions. In this case, the division of the individual melt strands into the subchannels 127, 128, which are not shown here in detail, can take place analogously to that embodiment, as has already been shown and described in detail in FIGS. 13 to 17. The only difference is that in the case of the extrusion nozzle 28 shown in simplified form in FIG. 18, a plurality, preferably two, spatially separate inlet regions 134, 135 are provided opposite the single inlet region 32 according to FIG.

By using a plurality of extruders 2 arranged separately from one another, it is possible to process both primary material and regeneration material separately therefrom and for the time being to supply them separately to the common extrusion nozzle 28. Thus, in FIG. 19, the reference numeral 136 denotes a first plastic material and 137 another plastic material, the second plastic material 137 being, for example, the plastic material obtained in the profile and window production, and thus the material recovered therefrom The extrusion process can be recycled and thus recycled. The first plastic material 136 may also be formed from a higher quality material and form, for example, the visible side of the article 5.

During the passage of the mutually different melt strands through the extrusion die 28, these are again separated from each other in the individual sub-channels 127, 128 passed close to the common outlet region 33 and before exiting to a common connected melt strand - so the product to be manufactured 5 - merged and the melt strands are connected to one another at the surface areas facing one another. As a result, articles 5 can be produced in a simple manner from interconnectable, but different quality starting materials. Furthermore, this can also save raw material costs, as it is already possible to reuse extruded plastic material.

FIG. 20 shows a further possible and optionally independent embodiment of the extrusion die 7, in particular of the extrusion die 28, again using the same component designations or reference numerals for the same parts, as in FIGS. 1 to 19 above become. To avoid unnecessary repetition, reference is made to the detailed description in the preceding Figs. 1 to 19 or reference.

Thus, the extrusion nozzle 28 in the extrusion direction 6 on the inlet region 32 and the outlet region 33 for the melt to be passed through or the melt strand to be passed, which is fed from an extruder 2 not shown here the inlet region 32.

The extrusion tool 7 is used here mainly for the production of profile patterns with less effort according to customer requirements, which apply to the profile accuracy extended tolerance information. Basically, it should be dispensed with much, which unnecessarily burdens the manufacturing costs.

For the sake of simplicity, the extrusion nozzle 28 has a plurality of nozzle plates 138 to 140 arranged one behind the other, wherein the first nozzle plate 138 in the extrusion direction 6 has a predefined inlet with the channel cross section 43, which is preferably circular, in Depending on the required plastic melt for the production of the article 5 or depending on the connection geometry of the extruder 2. The channel cross section 43 represents the beginning of the common channel 34, which is conically tapered in this embodiment. At the section 34, which adjoins the extrusion direction 6 from the channel 34 or at the channel cross-section 43, a centering projection 141 can be provided, which serves to support the extruder 2, which is not shown here.

The first nozzle plate 138 here can have, for example, a thickness in the direction of extrusion 6 of 70 mm, wherein the channel cross section 43 can have a size of 60 mm in diameter, which decreases over the longitudinal extent of the channel 34 in its cross section towards a diameter of, for example, 15 mm.

In this first nozzle plate 139, the further nozzle plate 139 is used here, said nozzle plate 139 is a so-called distributor plate. This nozzle plate 139 may have a thickness of, for example, 20 mm in the extrusion direction 6, the two faces of the further nozzle plate 140 facing each other being planar. As a result, a full investment of the other nozzle plate 140 is possible, which may also be referred to as exit plate. In this nozzle plate 140, which represents the last nozzle plate in the extrusion direction 6, the shaping of the profile contour takes place. This again takes place in subchannels 127, 128 arranged differently from one another, which in the exit region 33 have reshaped the passing melt strand to the finished profile geometry. The corresponding division of the melt stream takes place in the nozzle plate 139 which is arranged between the two nozzle plates 138, 140 and which, starting from the tapered channel 34, distributes the melt stream to the individual sub-channels 127, 128 depending on the profile geometry.

The reduced passage cross-section of the channel 34 between the first nozzle plate 138 and the integrated therein another nozzle plate 139 is extended accordingly in the region of the here middle nozzle plate 139 according to the desired profile geometry, so as to be able to supply sufficient plastic material to the sub-channels 127, 128 can. This is profile-dependent so far that the extended distribution channel already corresponds in its outer contour shape almost the profile geometry of the object 5 to be produced. It would also be possible to arrange the here middle nozzle plate 139 between the end faces of the first and last nozzle plate 138, 140, as indicated by dashed lines simplified.

Because of this simple arrangement of the individual nozzle plates 138 to 140, the first nozzle plate 138 can be used again and it is only the two nozzle plates 139 and 140 profile-dependent to manufacture new. The extrusion nozzle 28 and the calibration device 8 with the calibration tools 9 to 13 can be operated closed, which means that a gap is provided between these individual system parts, which, however, is sealed in operation against the external environment, ie the ambient pressure and this cavity surrounding the object to be passed 5 can additionally be lowered to a lower pressure than the atmospheric pressure. As a result, an access of ambient air and ambient pressure is prevented and thus a build-up of a pressure difference between the or the hollow chambers of the article 5 and its outer surface when passing or when crossing between the extrusion nozzle 28 and / or the Kalibrierwerkzeugen 9 to 13 of the calibration 8 possible.

The heating or temperature control of the nozzle can be carried out according to the known prior art and will therefore not be discussed here.

FIG. 21 shows a further possible additional device for the extrusion installation 1, again using the same reference numerals or component designations for the same parts as in the preceding FIGS. 1 to 20. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, reference is made to the detailed description in the preceding FIGS. 1 to 20 or reference.

The extrusion plant 1 shown in FIG. 21 again comprises the extruder 2, the shaping device 3 arranged subsequently thereon, and the caterpillar take-off 4, with which the object 5 can be pulled off or drawn through from the extruder 2 through the shaping device 3 in the direction of extrusion 6. In the area of the extruder 2, in turn, the extrusion die 7 for shaping the article 5 is arranged. Furthermore, the shaping device 3 in turn comprises the calibration device 8, which comprises a plurality of calibration tools 9 to 13 and a plurality of cooling chambers 14 to 16 can be formed.

In the intermediate region between the Kalibrierwerkzeugen 9 to 13 and the cooling chambers 14 to 16 a simplified illustrated holding device 142 is arranged, on which preferably a band-shaped element 143, for example in the form of a roll, stored stored. This band-shaped element 143 can be applied as a protective film at least partially on the outer surface of the article to be produced 5, so as to protect, for example, the later visible side of the article 5 from surface damage during passage through the cooling chambers 14 to 16 and optionally by the caterpillar hood 4 , By the continuous withdrawal movement of the article 5 in the extrusion direction 6, for example, arranged in the cooling chambers 14 to 16 Stützbzw. Calibration diaphragms Insert longitudinal scores or scratch marks into the not yet completely cooled surface of the object and thus lead to a reduction in quality.

In previously known systems, the element 143 was applied as a so-called protective film after the caterpillar 4 at least partially on an outer surface of the article 5 and then separated with a separating device not shown here, the extruded endless strand of the article 5 to bar stock. By now applying the band-shaped element 143 immediately after the calibrating shaping in the area of the calibration tools 9 to 13 - here in the present case at the end of the last calibration 13 - and even before entering the first cooling chamber 14 is already a high protection for the Surface of the article 5 scored in this area. This is advantageous because, as is known, the article 5 is surrounded by a liquid coolant not shown here within the cooling chambers 14 to 16 and thus the possibility exists that impurities within the coolant between the outer surface of the article 5 and the calibration holes 24 in the support or Kalibrierblenden 17 are drawn in and this can lead to additional damage to the surface of the article 5.

In this embodiment shown here, the band-shaped element 143 is formed, for example, as a roll and removably adhering to the object 5. Thus, even during the production of windows or doors from the object 5 of the protected area, especially the visible side, the same from damage and protected can be deducted, for example, only after installation.

Irrespective of this, however, it would also be possible to lift the applied band-shaped element 143 over the partial paths between the application to the surface and the separation device from the surface of the article 5, in this region to guide the element 143 separately from the article 5 and then again onto the surface applied. Likewise, it would also be possible to strip the band-shaped element 143 before the separating device from the surface of the object 5 to be protected and to reuse it again. This could e.g. take place in that the band-shaped element 143 either withdrawn before the separation of the article 5 and wound up accordingly or is returned in the form of an endless belt back into the region of the holding device 142, in which case the holding device 142 is formed as a deflection or supply device.

Further simplified in FIG. 21, at the end of the last cooling chamber 16, that the band-shaped element 143 is designed, for example, as an endless belt and only serves to protect the object 5 during its passage through the cooling chambers 14 to 16. In this case, in the end region of the last cooling chamber 16, a simplified deflecting device 144 is provided for the band-shaped element 143 indicated by dashed lines, with which it is lifted off the last cooling chamber 16 after the article 5 has exited and without any contact in the region of the holding device 142. that is, separated from the object 5, is returned, in which case the holding device 142 is also formed as a deflecting device 144. On the presentation of fixtures or latches for the element 143 has been omitted for the sake of clarity.

A possible embodiment of the joint arrangement 60 is shown in FIGS. 23 to 26, as has already been indicated by way of example in FIGS. 5 to 7. In this case, the same reference numerals or component designations are again used for the same parts, as in the preceding FIGS. 1 to 22. To avoid unnecessary repetition, reference is made to the detailed description in the preceding Figs. 1 to 22 or referenced. The support plate 55 and the Aufhahmeplatte 56 for the extrusion in succession arranged calibration tools 10 to 12 form a support assembly 145. The hinge assembly 60 shown here comprises in this embodiment shown here on facing end faces 146, 147 of the support plate 55 and the receiving plate 56 each one, the end face 146 and 147 superior support bar 148 and support bar 149. The support plate 55 and the Aufhahmeplatte 56 in turn in each case on the calibration tools 10 to 12 to be recorded facing bearing surfaces 150, 151. Furthermore, the support plate 55 and the receiving plate 56 each preferably have a same thickness 152, 153.

The arranged on the support plate 55 on the end face 46 support bar 148 extends over a portion of the thickness 152 of the support plate 55 and has in the same direction to a lower thickness 154. In this case, the support bar 148 on the side facing the support surface 150 is preferably aligned with the support surface 150 accommodating the calibration tools 10 to 12 and facing them. The support bar 148 has on the side facing away from the support surface 150 transverse to the longitudinal extension of the support plate 55 and transverse to the extrusion direction 6 and parallel to the support surface 150, each other in a V-shape in the direction away from the support surface 150 inclined converging boundary surfaces 155, 156 on , To avoid a linear support of the V-shaped boundary surfaces 155, 156 converging towards one another, a first support surface 157 oriented parallel to the support surface 150 can be arranged between them in the region of the boundary surfaces 155, 156 which run in the shape of a V, which extend in the extrusion direction is kept very low. Furthermore, but also the arrangement of a transition radius would be possible, whereby in the relative pivoting a simple adjustment with gentle contact with the counter surface can be achieved.

Furthermore, it can still be seen from a synopsis of FIGS. 24 and 25 that in the support bar 148, in a point of intersection between the longitudinal axis 59 of the support plate 55 and the V-shaped boundary surfaces 155, 156 aligned in a vertical direction relative to the support surface 150 Internal thread 158 is arranged therein, which preferably completely passes through the support bar 148. However, it would also be possible to make the internal thread 158 closed in the area of the upper surface facing the support surface 150. The supporting plate 149 facing the support plate 55 and arranged on the end face 147 of the receiving plate 56 has, on the side facing the bearing surface 151, a further support surface 159 formed planar. This further support surface 159 on the support strip 149 serves to support the first support surface 157 on the support bar 148. It should be noted that the arranged on the support bar 148 support surface 157 viewed in the longitudinal extension of the support plate 55 has only a small width or formed by a transition radius is to avoid a blade-shaped attachment and thus possible indentations on this facing support surface 159 of the support bar 149.

The further support surface 159 on the support strip 149 is offset relative to the support surface 151 in the direction perpendicular to this. The extent of displacement of the further support surface 159 of the support strip 149 relative to the support surface 151 of the thickness 154 of the support bar 148 in the vertical direction with respect to the two bearing surfaces 150, 151. This ensures that with cooperating support surfaces 157, 159, the two bearing surfaces 150, 151 are aligned planar with each other in parallel alignment. Thus, the calibration tools 10 to 12 to be arranged thereon can be arranged on the support plate 55 as well as the receiving plate 56 without any vertical offset.

Also, the support bar 149 may on the side facing away from the support surface 151 transverse to the longitudinal extent of the receiving plate 56 and parallel to the support surface 151 seen in V-shape in the direction away from the support surface 151 inclined converging further boundary surfaces 160, 161 have. Starting from the support surface 159, the support strip 149 in the direction perpendicular to the support surface 151 up to the intersection of the two boundary surfaces 160, 161 has a thickness 162. In this case, a sum of the thickness 154 of the support strip 148 plus the thickness 162 of the support strip 149 is less than the thickness 152 or 153 of the support plate 55 and receiving plate 56th

For mutual support of the support plate 55 on the receiving plate 56 in the extrusion direction 6 it is now provided that this takes place between the end face 146 of the support plate 55 and one of these facing end face 163 on the support strip 149.

In order to facilitate a pivoting movement of the support plate 55 in the position shown here horizontally. tiv towards the receiving plate 56, the support plate 55 facing the end face 163 of the support bar 149 seen in the vertical direction on the support surface 151 at least in the region of the longitudinal axis 59 V-shaped towards the support plate 55 formed tapered towards each other. In the region of the intersecting end faces 163, a transition radius can be arranged so as to avoid damage to the end face 146 cooperating therewith on the support plate 55.

Furthermore, it can be seen from a combination of FIGS. 24 and 25 that in the support strip 149 in an intersection between the longitudinal axis 59 of the receiving plate 56 and the V-shaped converging further boundary surfaces 160, 161 in a vertical

Direction with respect to the support surface 151 aligned opening 164, in particular a bore is arranged.

FIG. 26 shows the assembled position of the joint arrangement 60 between the support plate 55 and the receiving plate 56. In this case, the opening 164 of a connecting element 165, in particular a screw or the like., Interspersed and this engages in the internal thread 158 in the support bar 148 a.

In the assembled state, the first support surface 157 of the support bar 148 is supported on the further support surface 159 of the support bar 149. By the V-shaped converging boundary surfaces 155, 156 on the support bar 148, it is possible to vertically adjust the support plate 55 on the side facing away from the hinge assembly 60 side with the adjusting device 68 described above. In this case, the possible adjustment path depends on the angles of inclination of the boundary surfaces 155, 156 with respect to the support surface 159. Similarly, with appropriate adjustment of the support plate 55 and the connecting member 165 associated therewith mitverschwenkt. The appropriate release for the pivoting movement is ensured by the also inclined to each other further boundary surfaces 160, 161 on the support bar 149. The thereby necessary Verschwenkweg of the connecting element 165 is additionally ensured by the created by the opening 164 space within the support bar 149.

To enable the pivoting movement in the horizontal direction here of the support plate 55 relative to the receiving plate 56, a width 166 of the support bar 149 in the region of Longitudinal axis 59 and in the same direction greater than a width 167 of the support bar 148 in the same area and the same direction. For a clear mutual support of the receiving plate 56 in the extrusion direction 6 upstream support plate 55 is ensured at the mutually facing end surfaces 146 of the support plate 55 and the end face 163 on the support bar 149.

FIGS. 27 and 28 show further possible and optionally separate embodiments for the fitting element 54, as shown already in FIG. 2 in the right upper part of the extrusion die 7 in the form of an extrusion die 28. Again, the same reference numerals or component designations are used for the same parts as in the preceding FIGS. 1 to 26. To avoid unnecessary repetition, reference is made to the detailed description in the preceding Figs. 1 to 26 or reference.

The fitting element 54 shown in FIG. 27 serves for mutually exact positional centering of the elements 30, 31 shown in still separate positions, as is the case, for example, with nozzle plates. The fitting element 54 has on the side facing the element 30 a projection 168, which is preferably cylindrical. This approach 168 is inserted into a receiving opening 169 with a corresponding mutual choice of pass. For fixing the position of the projection 168 in the Aufhahmeöffhung 169 a groove-shaped recess 170 is provided in the extension 168, which formed circumferentially around the circumference and in which a clamping ring 171 is inserted. This has in its untensioned state a larger outer dimension or a larger outer diameter than the projection 168 and is deformed when inserting the projection 168 in the receiving opening 169 elastically in its circumferential dimension. So it rests against the inner surface of Aufhahmeöffhung 169. As a result, the fitting element 54, which may also be referred to as a centering element, is held in the inserted position of the projection 168 in the receiving opening 169, so that falling out of the fitting element 54 from the receiving opening 169 is prevented.

Subsequent to the projection 168 in the direction of the further element 31, the fitting element 54 has an all-round collar 172 projecting beyond the projection 168. In the inserted state is a the element 30 facing collar surface 173 at this facing end face of the element 30 at. The collar 172 has a thickness 175 in the direction of its longitudinal central axis 174. Subsequent to the collar 172, the fitting element 54 has a frustoconical surface 176, which is tapered in the direction away from the projection 168. In this case, the largest diameter of the truncated cone surface 176 is smaller than the outer dimension of the collar 172.

In the further element 31, which is to be centered with respect to the upstream in the extrusion direction 6 element 30, this has a counter to the frustoconical surface 176 formed centering surface 177 on. For receiving the collar 172, the element 31 further comprises a recess 178, which seen in the direction of the longitudinal central axis 74 has a depth 179 which is equal to, but preferably greater, than the thickness 175 of the collar 172. The outer dimension or the diameter the recess 178 is selected to insert the collar 172 preferably larger than this.

Due to the preferably greater selected depth 179 of the recesses 178 relative to the thickness 175 of the collar 172, it is possible to regrind the face or end face of the element 31 facing the fitting element 54 in the event of leakage of the adjoining elements 30, 31 without the centering effect of the Pass element 54 is lost.

FIG. 28 shows a similar embodiment of the fitting element 54 as shown in FIG. 27, only the differences relative to the embodiment illustrated and described in FIG. 27 being explained here. The fitting element 54 is here on the collar surface 173 facing side of the collar 172, a spring element 180, such as a plate spring assigned. When installed, the spring element 180 is supported with its outer, larger diameter or its larger dimension on the end face of the upstream direction in the extrusion direction 6 element 30 from. The support of the collar 172 with its collar surface 173 takes place in the region of the smaller dimension of the spring element 180. Further downstream in the extrusion direction 6 element 31 a preferably circular recess 181 is provided, which is selected in its depth 182 such that at at the end faces together lying elements 30, 31, the frustoconical surface 176 of the fitting element 54 is always pressed by the bias of the spring member 180 to the centering surface 177 automatically. With appropriate choice of the dimensions and the bias of the spring member 180 may also be a regrinding of the facing end faces of the element 30 and / or 31, but always in the assembled state, an engagement of the cooperating frustoconical surface 176 of the fitting element 54 with the centering 177 in the element 31st preserved.

The embodiments show possible embodiments of an extrusion system 1 with a variety of system parts, it being noted at this point that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiment variants thereof shown, but also various combinations of the individual embodiments are mutually possible and this variation possibility due to the teaching technical action by objective invention in the skill of working in this technical field expert. There are therefore also all possible embodiments, which are possible by combinations of individual details of the illustrated and described embodiment, the scope of protection.

For the sake of order, it should finally be pointed out that, for a better understanding of the structure of the extrusion plant 1, these or their components have been shown partially unevenly and / or enlarged and / or reduced in size.

Above all, the individual in Figs. 1; 2, 3, 4; 5, 6, 7; 8, 9; 10, 11, 12; 13, 14, 15, 16, 17; 18, 19; 20; 21; 22, 23, 24, 25, 26; 27; 28 embodiments form the subject of independent solutions according to the invention. The relevant objects and solutions according to the invention can be found in the detailed descriptions of these figures.

S u b e c o m e n c e m e n t i o n s

1 extrusion line 41 channel section 2 extruder 42 channel section

3 shaping device 43 channel cross section

4 caterpillar take-off 44 channel cross-section

5 Subject 45 Channel wall 6 Extrusion direction 46 Channel wall

7 extrusion tool 47 channel

8 Calibration device 48 Channel cross-section

9 Calibration tool 49 Channel center

10 Calibration tool 50 mandrel

11 Kalibrierwerlczeug 51 Dornteil

12 Calibration tool 52 Dorn attachment

13 Calibration tool 53 Spike attachment

14 cooling chamber 54 fitting element 15 cooling chamber 55 support plate

16 cooling chamber 56 receiving plate

17 Calibration orifice 57 Supporting element

18 receptacle 58 double arrow 19 machine bed 59 longitudinal axis

20 footprint 60 hinge assembly

21 Calibration table 61 Double-headed arrow

22 Roller 62 Double arrow 23 Travel rail 63 Calibration axis

24 calibration opening 64 calibration axis

25 Shaping area 65 Calibration opening

26 forming surface 66 dividing section 27 calibration plate 67 partial section

28 Extrusion nozzle 68 Adjustment device

29 Element 69 Adjusting device

30 Element 70 Face 31 Element 71 Sheath

32 inlet area 72 profile chamber

33 exit area 73 bridge

34 channel 74 surface

35 longitudinal axis 75 treatment device

36 total length 76 housing

37 longitudinal section 77 flow channel

38 Distance 78 tempering element

39 Channel section 79 Deflection channel 40 Channel section 80 Channel side wall 81 guide element 121 end face

82 nose 122 face

83 Form surface 123 End face

84 forming surface 124 end face

85 forming surface 125 end face

86 forming surface 126 end face

87 face 127 subchannel

88 face 128 subchannel

89 side surface 129 channel cross section

90 side surface 130 channel section

91 side surface 131 duct section

92 side surface 132 channel section

93 entry area 133 passage section

94 inlet area 134 inlet area

95 cavity 135 inlet area

96 channel 136 plastic material

97 channel 137 plastic material

98 cover plate 138 nozzle plate

99 Base plate 139 Nozzle plate

100 output line 140 nozzle plate

101 Width 141 Centering shoulder

102 width 142 holding device

103 width 143 element

104 Distance 144 deflection device

105 partial end face 145 support arrangement

106 distance 146 face

107 Partial end face 147 End face

108 Partial end face 148 Supporting bar

109 Radius 149 Support bar

110 component 150 bearing surface

111 flow-through opening 151 bearing surface

112 approach 152 thickness

113 Extent 153 Thickness

114 sealing surface 154 thickness

115 nozzle plate 155 boundary surface

116 nozzle plate 156 boundary surface

117 nozzle plate 157 support surface

118 Nozzle plate 158 internal thread

119 end face 159 support surface

120 face 160 boundary surface 161 boundary surface

162 strength

163 face

164 Breakthrough 165 Connecting element

166 width

167 width

168 Approach 169 receiving opening

170 deepening

171 tension ring

172 waistband 173 waistband

174 longitudinal central axis

175 strength

176 Frustoconical surface 177 Centering surface

178 recess

179 depth

180 spring element 181 recess

182 depth

Claims

Patent claim

1. support assembly (145) for holding a plurality of in the extrusion direction (6) successively arranged calibration tools (10 to 12) of a calibration device (8) on a calibration table (21) of an extrusion plant (1), characterized in that the support assembly is a support plate ( 55) and a separate from this Aurhahmeplatte (56) and between the support plate (55) and the receiving plate (56) has a hinge assembly (60) is provided with which the support plate (55) relative to the receiving plate (56) relative to spatially adjustable is trained.

Second support assembly (145) according to claim 1, characterized in that the support plate (55) in the extrusion direction (6) seen the Aurhahmeplatte (56) is arranged upstream.

3. support assembly (145) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the support plate (55) via the hinge assembly (60) on the receiving plate (56) is supported.

4. support assembly (145) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support plate (55) on the side facing away from the hinge assembly (60) side for horizontal and vertical adjustment in each case at least one adjusting device (68, 69) is assigned.

5. Support arrangement (145) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the receiving plate (56) distance or support elements (57) are assigned, via which the receiving plate (56) on the calibration table (21) can be supported.

6. Supporting arrangement (145) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the joint arrangement (60) on mutually facing end faces (146, 147) of the support plate (55) and the receiving plate (56) in each case one the end face (146, 147) superior support bar (148) and support strip (149).

7. support assembly (145) according to claim 6, characterized in that the support strip (148) over a portion of a thickness (152) of the support plate (55).

8. Support arrangement (145) according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the support strip (148) is aligned planar to a calibration tool (10 to 12) zuwendbaren bearing surface (150).

9. support assembly (145) according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the support bar (148) on the side facing away from the support surface (150) side transverse to the longitudinal extension of the support plate (55) and parallel to the support surface (150) to each other Having in a V-shape in the direction away from the support surface (150) direction inclined converging boundary surfaces (155, 156).

10. Support arrangement (145) according to claim 9, characterized in that in the region of the successive V-shaped converging boundary surfaces (155, 156) between these a parallel to the support surface (150) aligned first support surface (157) is arranged.

11. Support arrangement (145) according to one of claims 6 to 10, characterized in that in the support strip (148) in an intersection between a longitudinal axis (59) of the support plate (55) and the V-shaped converging boundary surfaces (155, 156 ) is arranged in a vertical direction with respect to the support surface (150) aligned internal thread (158).

12. Support arrangement (145) according to any one of claims 6 to 11, characterized in that the support strip (149) on the support surface (151) facing side has a planar surface formed further support surface (159).

13. Support arrangement (145) according to claim 12, characterized in that the further support surface (159) of the support strip (149) with respect to the support surface (151) is arranged offset in the direction perpendicular to this.

14. Support arrangement (145) according to claim 13, characterized in that the displacement of the further support surface (159) of the support strip (149) relative to the support surface (151) of a thickness (154) of the support strip (148) in the vertical direction with respect Support surface (150, 151) corresponds.

15. Support arrangement (145) according to one of claims 6 to 14, characterized in that the support strip (149) on the side facing away from the support surface (151) side transverse to the longitudinal extension of the receiving plate (56) and parallel to the support surface (151) to each other Having a V-shaped in the direction away from the support surface (151) facing away merging further boundary surfaces (160, 161).

16. Support arrangement (145) according to one of claims 6 to 15, characterized in that the thickness (154, 162) of the support strip (148) and the support strip (149) in total is less than the thickness (152, 153) of the Carrying or receiving plate (55, 56).

17. Support arrangement (145) according to one of claims 6 to 16, characterized in that the end face (146) of the support plate (55) on one of these facing end face (163) of the support strip (149) is supported.

18. Support arrangement (145) according to claim 17, characterized in that the support plate (55) facing end face (163) of the support strip (149) seen in the vertical direction on the support surface (151) at least in the region of the longitudinal axis (59) V- shaped toward towards the support plate (55) is formed tapering towards each other.

19. A support assembly (145) according to any one of claims 6 to 18, characterized in that in the support strip (149) in an intersection between the longitudinal axis (59) of the receiving plate (56) and the V-shaped converging further boundary surfaces (160, 161) is arranged in a vertical direction with respect to the support surface (151) aligned opening (164), in particular a bore.

20. Support arrangement (145) according to one of claims 6 to 19, characterized in that the opening (164) of a connecting element (165), in particular a screw is penetrated, and in the internal thread (158) of the support bar (148) engages.

21. Carrying assembly (145) according to any one of claims 6 to 20, characterized in that a width (166) of the support strip (149) in the region of the longitudinal axis (59) and in the same direction is greater than a width (167) of the support strip (167). 148) in the same area as well as the same direction.

22. Extrusion tool (7), in particular extrusion nozzle (28), for shaping an object (5), in particular a hollow profile for the window or door construction, from a plastic, formed from a melt of a plasticized plastic mass, with several in Extrasionsrichtung ( 6) directly behind one another and adjoining nozzle plates (115 to 118), for the plastic mass in Extraionsrichtung (6) between an inlet region (32) and an outlet region (33) define a channel (34) and the individual nozzle plates (115 to 118) are delimited by end faces (119 to 126) distanced from one another in the direction of extrusion (6), characterized in that the channel (34), starting from the inlet region (32) to the outlet region (33) within the nozzle plates (115 to 118), is divided into individual spaced apart and separated from each other sub-channels (127, 128) is divided and in the exit region (33) the individual Teilk channels (127, 128) open into a common contiguous profile cross section of the article (5) to be produced.

23. Extrusion die (7) according to claim 22, characterized in that the first nozzle plate (115) in the extrusion direction has a preferably circular channel cross-section (43) on the first end face (119) of the inlet region (32) and the channel (34) In the region of the further end face (120) distanced therefrom, a channel cross-section (129) which is widened and connected with respect to the channel cross-section (43) is provided.

24. Extrasionswerkzeug (7) after spoke 22 or 23, characterized in that the channel (34) with its extended channel cross-section (129) arranged in the directly in the first nozzle plate (115) downstream second nozzle plate (116) sub-channels (127, 128) opens.

25. Extrusion tool (7) according to one of claims 22 to 24, characterized in that the individual sub-channels (127, 128) pass through the second nozzle plate (116) in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis (35) of the special tool (7).

26. Extrasionswerkzeug (7) according to any one of claims 22 to 25, characterized in that the partial channel (127, 128) in the second nozzle plate (116) between the two spaced-apart end faces (121, 122) has a constant channel cross-section.

27. Extrasionswerkzeug (7) according to any one of claims 22 to 26, characterized in that the channel cross-section of the sub-channel (127, 128) in its cross-sectional area with respect to the cross-sectional area of the manufactured portion of the article (5) is formed larger.

28. Extrusion tool (7) according to any one of claims 22 to 27, characterized in that the individual sub-channels (127, 128) in their outer contour or cross-sectional shape subregions or subsections of the article to be produced (5) are modeled.

29. Extrusion tool (7) according to any one of claims 22 to 28, characterized in that an outer envelope of the sub-channels (127, 128) in the second nozzle plate (116) the extended channel cross-section (129) of the upstream in the direction of Extraionsrichtung (6) channel ( 34).

30. Extrasionswerkzeug (7) according to any one of claims 22 to 29, characterized in that between the sub-channels (127, 128) a treatment device for through the sub-channels (127, 128) passing through plastic mass is arranged.

31 Extrasionswerkzeug (7) according to any one of claims 22 to 30, marked thereby, that the channel cross-section of the individual sub-channels (127, 128) towards the exit region (33) is formed decreasing.

32. Extrusion die (7) according to any one of claims 22 to 31, characterized in that the individual mutually distanced and separate from each other sub-channels (127, 128) following the second nozzle plate (116) are aligned in their relative position to each other.