EP1856927A2 - Systemes et dispositif de communication sans fil; procedes et protocoles d'utilisation - Google Patents

Systemes et dispositif de communication sans fil; procedes et protocoles d'utilisation

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Publication number
EP1856927A2
EP1856927A2 EP06721138A EP06721138A EP1856927A2 EP 1856927 A2 EP1856927 A2 EP 1856927A2 EP 06721138 A EP06721138 A EP 06721138A EP 06721138 A EP06721138 A EP 06721138A EP 1856927 A2 EP1856927 A2 EP 1856927A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wlan
cell
communication system
control channel
tetra
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP06721138A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1856927A4 (fr
Inventor
Apostolis Salkintzis
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Motorola Solutions Inc
Original Assignee
Motorola Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Motorola Inc filed Critical Motorola Inc
Publication of EP1856927A2 publication Critical patent/EP1856927A2/fr
Publication of EP1856927A4 publication Critical patent/EP1856927A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W92/00—Interfaces specially adapted for wireless communication networks
    • H04W92/02—Inter-networking arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
    • H04W84/10—Small scale networks; Flat hierarchical networks
    • H04W84/12—WLAN [Wireless Local Area Networks]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/66—Arrangements for connecting between networks having differing types of switching systems, e.g. gateways
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
    • H04L63/04—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for providing a confidential data exchange among entities communicating through data packet networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
    • H04L63/08—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for authentication of entities
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/06—Selective distribution of broadcast services, e.g. multimedia broadcast multicast service [MBMS]; Services to user groups; One-way selective calling services
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W8/00—Network data management
    • H04W8/26—Network addressing or numbering for mobility support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
    • H04W84/04—Large scale networks; Deep hierarchical networks
    • H04W84/042—Public Land Mobile systems, e.g. cellular systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/02—Terminal devices
    • H04W88/06—Terminal devices adapted for operation in multiple networks or having at least two operational modes, e.g. multi-mode terminals

Definitions

  • This invention relates to wireless communication systems and apparatus and methods for use therein.
  • the invention relates to utilising a control channel over a wireless local area network (WLAN) .
  • WLAN wireless local area network
  • the invention is applicable to, but not limited to, facilitating and supporting control channel features, such as group calls over a WLAN.
  • WLANs Wireless Local Area Networks
  • WLANs have been targeted to provide wireless connectivity at bit rates higher than 100 Mbps .
  • WLANs also offer the opportunity of enhanced security, enhanced mobility management, inter-working with cellular networks, etc.
  • WLAN technology is anticipated as playing a key role in the wireless data market for many years to come .
  • WLANs are currently being enhanced to provide a guaranteed quality of service (QoS) , as can be seen in IEEE Std. 802. lle/D8.0, "Part 11: Wireless Medium
  • MAC Medium Access Control
  • PHY Physical layer
  • Wireless communication ' systems typically provide for radio telecommunication links to be arranged between a system infrastructure including a plurality of base transceiver stations (BTSs) and a plurality of subscriber units or terminals, often termed mobile stations (MSs) .
  • BTSs base transceiver stations
  • MSs mobile stations
  • An example of a zone/cell-based wireless communication system is a TETRA (TErrestrial Trunked Radio) system, which is a system operating according to TETRA standards and protocols as defined by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) .
  • ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute
  • a primary focus for TETRA equipment is use by the emergency services, as TETRA provides dispatch and control services.
  • the system infrastructure in a TETRA system is generally referred to as a switching and management infrastructure (SwMI) , which substantially contains all of the communication elements apart from the MSs.
  • SwMI switching and management infrastructure
  • cellular systems such as the global system for mobile communications (GSM) , are also based on a cell-based methodology.
  • GSM global system for mobile communications
  • Communication over such wireless communication systems is typically performed over two types of logical channel - one or more traffic channels carrying data to/from the MS, and one or more control channels, carrying information relating to usage of the communication system, such as signalling information, available frequency information, timing information, etc. Different channels may be used for communication of the different forms of information.
  • information may represent speech, sound, data, picture or video information.
  • Data information is usually digital information representing written words, numbers etc, i.e. the type of user information processed in a personal computer.
  • signalling messages are communicated. These are messages relating to the communication system itself, e.g. to control the manner in which user information is communicated in compliance with the selected industry protocol such as TETRA.
  • IP Internet Protocol
  • the Internet Protocol adds a data header on to the information passed from the transport layer.
  • the resultant data packet is known as an Internet datagram.
  • the header of the datagram contains information such as destination and source IP addresses, the version number of the IP protocol etc.
  • Each exchange of data typically consists of sending one or more data packets on an uplink channel and one or more data packets on a downlink channel.
  • a Packet Data CHannel (PDCH) in a TETRA network can serve several MSs at the same time. In this regard, the resources of the PDCH are then shared between the MSs on the channel on a statistical multiplex basis. This enables the air interface resources to be used in an optimal manner.
  • PDCH Packet Data CHannel
  • the TETRA known signalling procedure used for accessing the PDCH, requires a MS firstly to request access to the PDCH via the main control channel (MCCH) on which control signalling messages are mainly sent. Following access approval by the SwMI and sending of an appropriate signalling message to the MS, the MS is then moved by receipt of the signalling message to the PDCH, where data packets are exchanged.
  • MCCH main control channel
  • TETRA packet data communication In TETRA packet data communication, physical data channels carry both system control signalling and data payload (user communicated information) . These two types of traffic may be given different priorities, with control signalling usually being allocated a higher priority. TETRA packet data communication currently operates at a maximum of 28.8kbits/sec, which is significantly less than some other wireless communication technologies, such as WLAN.
  • WLAN Wireless Local Area Network
  • the inventor has recognised therefore that a need exists for an improved mechanism and associated apparatuses, methods and communication protocols in order to facilitate cell-based communication over a WLAN system, wherein the abovementioned disadvantages/ limitations may be alleviated.
  • the wireless communication system comprises a wireless local area network (WLAN) operably coupled to a cell-based communication system and arranged such that the WLAN supports the use of one or more control channels .
  • WLAN wireless local area network
  • WLAN wireless local area network
  • IWF InterWorking Function
  • WLAN wireless local area network
  • a wireless cell-based system such as a private mobile radio system or a cellular phone system.
  • a protocol for facilitating the aforementioned communications between a wireless local area network (WLAN) and a wireless cell-based system there is provided a protocol for facilitating the aforementioned communications between a wireless local area network (WLAN) and a wireless cell-based system.
  • WLAN wireless local area network
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic block diagram of a WLAN inter-operating with a TETRA Switching and Management Infrastructure (SwMI) adapted in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a further schematic block diagram of a WLAN inter-operating with a TETRA Switching and Management Infrastructure (SwMI) , which contains the various logical interfaces;
  • SwMI TETRA Switching and Management Infrastructure
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a mechanism to support main control channel (MCCH) traffic in a WLAN, in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a protocol architecture of a ToW
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a preferred packet structure employed in the TETRA over WLAN architecture
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a preferred packet structure of a control-plane packet transmitted by an IWF that contains a D-SETUP message
  • FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 illustrate example signalling flows of TETRA over WLAN system, according to the preferred embodiments of the present invention.
  • the preferred embodiment of the present invention proposes to integrate WLAN technology with a wireless cell-based communication system and utilise a control channel to control communication therebetween.
  • the preferred embodiment of the present invention is described with reference to utilising a control channel between a WLAN and a private mobile radio system, such as a TErrestrial Trunked RAdio system, as defined by the European Telecommunication Standards Institute (ETSI) .
  • ETSI European Telecommunication Standards Institute
  • a proposed system configuration of both a WLAN inter- operating with a TETRA switching and management infrastructure (SwMI) is illustrated in the schematic block diagram of FIG. 1.
  • SwMI TETRA switching and management infrastructure
  • the preferred embodiment of the present invention proposes a dual-mode wireless communication unit.
  • the dual-mode operation utilises a first private (or public) mobile radio technology, such as TETRA, and a second WLAN technology.
  • the wireless communication terminals hereinafter referred to as a TETRA over WLAN (ToW) terminal 112, 116, interface with the TETRA Switching and Management Infrastructure (SwMI) 160 over a WLAN radio interface 115.
  • This is in contrast to a conventional TETRA terminal 132 interfacing with the TETRA SwMI 160 via a conventional TETRA enhanced base transceiver station (EBTS) 134 over a conventional TETRA radio interface and communication link 135.
  • EBTS TETRA enhanced base transceiver station
  • a Tetra-over- WLAN (ToW) terminal 112, 116 is any WLAN terminal that is configured to be able to interface with the TETRA SwMI
  • ToW terminals 112, 116 preferably associate with the WLAN by using a special Service Set IDentifier (SSID) .
  • SSID Service Set IDentifier
  • SSID is described in IEEE standard 802.11, edition 1999, titled “Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and
  • the WLAN 110 preferably implements a special routeing enforcement policy for ToW terminals 112, 116. That is, the WLAN tunnels uplink packets from all ToW terminals 112, 116 to an Interworking function (IWF) 150 over a Ft tunnel.
  • IWF Interworking function
  • a Ft interface preferably operates between the WAG 142 and the IWF 150, and is used to implement a tunnelling scheme that tunnels IP packets through an IP network 140 between the WAG 142 and the IWF 150.
  • the preferred embodiment utilises a 'Ft Tunnel', it is envisaged that any possible tunnelling scheme could be used, e.g. IP encapsulation, GRE, etc.
  • tunnelling can be eliminated.
  • packets originating from any ToW terminal 112, 116 are routed to the IWF 150 via the Ft tunnel.
  • Every ToW terminal preferably implements the protocol architecture and the procedures specified below, in order to support TETRA services over WLAN.
  • a ToW 112, 116 may be any kind of wireless communication device with a WLAN interface, namely, a personal computer (PC) , laptop, PDA, dual-mode WLAN/TETRA terminal, etc.
  • ToW terminals 112, 116 may be considered as any TETRA terminal. That is, ToW terminals 112, 116 are preferably assigned a TETRA Individual Short Subscriber Identity (ISSI) , and thus able to initiate and participate in group calls, able to receive/send Short Data Service (SDS) messages, and, in general, able to utilise all authorized services provided by the TETRA SwMI 160.
  • ISSI TETRA Individual Short Subscriber Identity
  • SDS Short Data Service
  • a ToW terminal 112, 116 is therefore able to communicate with other ToW terminals, with conventional
  • TETRA terminals with dispatchers, PSTN users, and other TETRA entities in accordance with their subscription profile in the SwMI 160.
  • the ToW terminals 112, 116 preferably employ all of the known TETRA services, including group calls, short data service (SDS) messaging, packet services, etc. From a SwMI perspective, the ToW terminal 112, 116 is no different to any other conventional TETRA terminal 132.
  • SDS short data service
  • the characteristics of the WLAN radio interface 115 enable extended capabilities and new features, such as high-speed data services, simultaneous voice and data, improved voice quality, reduced call setup and voice transmission delays, simultaneous reception of many group calls, monitoring of Main Control Channel (MCCH) traffic while receiving voice and/or data, etc.
  • TETRA terminals e.g. ToW terminals 112, 116
  • MCCH Main Control Channel
  • the ToW terminals 112, 116 operate on a WLAN site, which can be considered as a geographical area wherein WLAN coverage is provided and it is controlled by a single WLAN Access Gateway 142.
  • a WLAN site typically comprises one or more APs.
  • the ToW terminals 112, 116 have a wireless interface to a WLAN access point 114.
  • the WLAN Access Point 114 interfaces with WLAN terminals over any kind of WLAN interface, for example using IEEE 802.11 WLAN technology, as published by IEEE in the document titled "Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specification", IEEE standard 802.11, edition 1999.
  • the WLAN access point has an interface 115 to the Internet Protocol (IP) network 140 via one or more WLAN Access Gateways 142.
  • the IP network 140 is operably coupled to the TETRA SwMI 160 via key component of the proposed system, i.e. the Interworking Function (IWF) 150.
  • IWF Interworking Function
  • the IWF 150 is configured to interface 155 to the SwMI in a similar manner to a TETRA conventional base station 134.
  • the IWF 150 interfaces also with one or more WLAN Access Gateways (WAGs) 142.
  • WAGs WLAN Access Gateways
  • the WAG 142 is a router, or a combination of router and Ethernet Switches to control a single WLAN site.
  • the WAG interfaces with one or more APs 114 typically through an Ethernet 100BaseT medium.
  • one WAG is assigned for each WLAN site.
  • the WAG 142 is preferably creating a Ft tunnel with the IWF 150 when there are ToW terminals in its WLAN site. It is envisaged that any known tunnel establishment protocol can be used, e.g. PPTP, L2TP, IPsec .
  • the WAG 142 then applies the appropriate routeing enforcement policy.
  • the WAG 142 is preferably releasing the Ft tunnel when there are no ToW terminals in its WLAN site, in order to free up capacity. It is envisaged that there may also be a static Ft tunnel that is not created/released dynamically.
  • both WAG and AP are off-the-shelf devices and their configuration is typical to known WAGs and APs, save for a signal processing function that has been adapted to support TETRA SSIDs, and route such TETRA communication according to a determination of the SSID.
  • the IWF 150 uses known IP multicasting technology to transfer control packet data units (PDUs) and voice packets to the TETRA-over-WLAN (ToW) terminals 112, 116.
  • PDUs packet data units
  • ToW TETRA-over-WLAN
  • the ToW terminals 112, 116 are able to access the typical services provided by the TETRA SwMI 160 by means of a WLAN network interface 115 and corresponding software drivers and applications, as will be appreciated by a skilled artisan.
  • the ToW terminals 112, 116 re-use the majority of TETRA air interface protocols, as illustrated in the European Telecommunication Standards Institute's (ETSI) document - EN 300 392-2 v2.3.10, "Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA); Voice plus Data (V+D) ; Part 2: Air Interface (AI)", ETSI, June 2003.
  • ETSI European Telecommunication Standards Institute's
  • TETRA Transmission Control Protocol
  • V+D Voice plus Data
  • AI Air Interface
  • the TETRA SwMI 160 is preferably built on IP multicast and Voice-over-IP (VoIP) technologies, such that interfacing with IWF 150 is relatively straightforward, as will also be appreciated by a skilled artisan.
  • the InterWorking Function (IWF) 150 is a key functional element that interfaces with the TETRA SwMI 160 over any suitable interface, such as a proprietary interface, and also interfaces with one or more WAGs 142 over the Ft interface. Notably, one function of the IWF 150 is to hide from the SwMI 160 the peculiarities of the WLANs, and thus make it easier to integrate them with the SwMI 160.
  • the preferred embodiment of the present invention proposes to integrate WLAN technology with a wireless cell-based coi ⁇ munication system (e.g. a
  • PMR system such as TETRA
  • TETRA TETRA
  • the utilisation of a control channel between the WLAN and a TETRA system is described in greater detail below.
  • FIG. 2 a further schematic block diagram of a WLAN inter-operating with a TETRA Switching and Management Infrastructure (SwMI) is illustrated, which contains the logical interfaces of the system of FIG. 1.
  • SwMI TETRA Switching and Management Infrastructure
  • the WLAN preferably implements a special routeing enforcement policy for ToW terminals by tunnelling uplink packets from all ToW terminals to an Interworking function (IWF) 150 over, preferably, a Ft tunnel.
  • IWF Interworking function
  • a Ft interface preferably operates between the WAG 142, 225 and the IWF 150.
  • a proprietary interface 155 is illustrated between the TETRA SwMI 160 and the IWF 150.
  • the IWF 150 may also employ a logical link to ToW terminals 112, 116 over an Ut interface 210, 215.
  • the Ut interface 210, 215 supports the protocols and procedures that govern the communication between a ToW 112, 116 and the IWF 150. As discussed later, a new protocol operates on this logical interface 210, 215.
  • logical interface Wt is applied to the communication link between the WAG 142, 225 and the ToW terminals.
  • the Wt interface supports the protocols and procedures that govern the co ⁇ imunication between a ToW terminal (fixed or mobile) and an AP.
  • This interface is preferably compliant with the IEEE 802.11 basic specification.
  • MCCH main control channel
  • EBTS serving base transceiver station
  • the MCCH 360 is preferably used to carry mobility management signalling, authentication and key management signalling, call control signalling, short message signalling, and part of the packet data control signalling.
  • This broadcast information is significant for cell re-selection purposes .
  • IWF Interworking Function
  • a ToW terminal 112, 116 is associated with an Access Point (AP) 114 and is assigned an IP address, it receives and processes the multicast traffic transmitted on this socket defined by the (MCCH- mcast, MCCH-port) pair. This processing is performed by a new protocol layer, referred to as the Adaptation Layer. In this manner, the ToW terminal 112, 116 receives the information normally broadcast on the downlink of the conventional MCCH channel 360.
  • AP Access Point
  • This information helps the terminal recognize the identity of the WLAN site 110 that provides the cell- based service and determines whether it should register to this service or not. This information also helps the ToW terminal 112, 116 identify potential neighbour sites (implemented on either WLAN or conventional TETRA technologies) and monitor these sites in the context of its standard cell re-selection process.
  • the same (MCCH-mcast, MCCH-port) are employed.
  • every ToW terminal 112, 116 wishing to transmit uplink MCCH traffic 320 (e.g. a request for a new group call, or a request for a new short message) transmits a special message to the pre-defined (MCCH-mcast, MCCH-port) socket.
  • This message (similar to all uplink TETRA specific messages) will be routed by the , WLAN infrastructure 114, 142, 140 to the IWF 150.
  • the IWF 150 also listens on the (MCCH- mcast, MCCH-port) socket and processes incoming traffic on this socket. Therefore, with IP multicasting and a pre-defined multicast socket, the functionality of the conventional MCCH channel is supported over a WLAN network .
  • the MCCH is implemented as a fixed TDMA channel.
  • its capacity is limited (the overall bit rate is 7.2 kbps) .
  • additional TDMA channels can be configured as Secondary Control Channels (SCCH) , which supplement the operation of the MCCH.
  • SCCH Secondary Control Channels
  • the capacity supported by the multicast channel (MCCH- mcast, MCCH-port) used to carry normal MCCH traffic can be very high and there is no need for provisioning of secondary multicast channels.
  • control plane 410 information comprises SNDCP 415, mobility management (MM) 420 and a call management control entity (CMCE) 425.
  • CMCE call management control entity
  • MLE mobile link entity
  • LLC logical link control
  • the Real Time Protocol (RTP) or the Compressed RTP protocol 450 is used to transport TETRA adaptive code excited linear predicted (ACELP) encoded voice blocks 445 according to ETS 300 395, between the ToW and the IWF. Normally, one voice block is generated every 30 msec.
  • RTP Real Time Protocol
  • ACELP adaptive code excited linear predicted
  • all TETRA air interface protocols are re-used, except the TETRA MAC and Physical layer protocols, which are not applicable to a WLAN radio access.
  • the LLC layer supports both the Basic Link services and the Advanced Link services, as described in ETSI, EN 300 392-2 v2.3.10, "Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA); Voice plus Data (V+D) ; Part 2: Air Interface (AI)", ETSI, June 2003.
  • the LLC layer runs in the ToW and in the IWF (or partially in the SwMI) .
  • a new layer of communication is specified in a TETRA over WLAN system, namely, an Adaptation Layer 460.
  • the Adaptation Layer 460 provides the necessary adaptation functionality required to operate the TETRA air interface protocols over a WLAN.
  • the Adaptation Layer 460 is implemented in a ToW and in an IWF and provides services that include a subset of the services provided by the TETRA MAC layer. In particular, it supports TETRA-compliant encryption and addressing using TETRA SSIs.
  • the Adaptation Layer interfaces with the UDP layer through a Control-Plane-Service Access Point (CP-SAP) 465 and one or more User-Plane-Service Access Points (UP- SAPs) 470.
  • CP-SAP Control-Plane-Service Access Point
  • UP- SAPs User-Plane-Service Access Points
  • the CP-SAP 465 is always present and is used to carry control-plane traffic that is not associated with an ongoing call, i.e. control traffic normally transmitted on a TETRA MCCH or SCCH.
  • an adaptation of multicast IP addresses and Port numbers referred to as MCCH-multicast and MCCH-port and as described above with respect to FIG. 3, respectively, are used to transport such kind of traffic .
  • UP-SAP 470 User plane traffic is carried on a UP-SAP 470.
  • a new UP-SAP 470 instance is created to support that particular call.
  • a UP-SAP 470 instance is using a dynamically assigned multicast IP address and port number. As discussed below, this multicast IP address and port number are assigned by the IWF and are communicated to the ToW in the packet that signals the start of the new call .
  • a UP- SAP 470 is dynamically created to support user data, traffic and call associated control traffic.
  • the UP-SAP 470 also supports control-plane traffic 410 that is associated with an ongoing call (e.g. a D-TX- CEASED PDU) .
  • the Adaptation Layer is used to differentiate between the user-plane traffic and the call-associate control traffic on the same UP-SAP.
  • the Adaptation Layer 460 in the ToW analyses every received packet and. identifies (based on the indicated SSI) if it should further be processed or be dropped. If it requires further processing, the Adaptation layer dictates whether decryption should be applied (i.e. if the received message is encrypted) and, if it was received over a UP-SAP, it forwards it either to an LLC entity or to an RTP entity.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates further aspects of the protocol architecture of a ToW terminal.
  • the WLAN Physical layer 490 and WLAN MAC layer 485 are used for establishing wideband wireless connectivity with an AP. These layers are preferably compliant with the IEEE 802.11 specification, as described in the document titled:
  • QoS Quality of Service
  • MAC Medium Access Control
  • PHY Physical layer
  • MAC physical layer Control
  • PHY physical layer
  • MAC Medium Access Control
  • Connectivity with the IWF is provided with the IP layer, by means of its routing and addressing services, as described in J. Postel's paper, titled “Internet Protocol”, and published in RFC 791 in September 1981.
  • the UDP layer provides error detection and multiplexing services, as specified in J. Postel's paper, titled “User Datagram Protocol”, and published in RFC 0768, 1980.
  • the IP layer is implemented in the ToW terminal, the IWF and the intermediate IP Network (as shown FIG. 1) .
  • the IP layer ensures that all IP datagrams from/to ToWs are routed to/from the IWF. If necessary, it may also enable different quality of service (QoS) routing to different kinds of IP datagrams, according to the Type of Service (ToS) field in their respective IP headers.
  • QoS quality of service
  • Such QoS services may be required to provide preferential transportation services to IP datagrams carrying voice packets .
  • FIG. 5 a preferred packet structure 500 employed in the TETRA over WLAN architecture is illustrated.
  • the general format of control- plane 510 and user-plane 550 packets exchanged over the Ut interface i.e. transmitted between the IWF and the ToW terminals are illustrated.
  • the control-plane packets 510 carry normal TETRA LLC PDUs 530 encapsulated into IP/UDP.
  • the structure of the Adaptation Layer header is a key component of the inventive concepts herein described.
  • the structure of all other protocol fields (e.g. IP 515, UDP 520, RTP, LLC, CMCE, MLE, MM, SNDCP 535) is designed to comply with known protocol specifications.
  • TETRA Transaction Trunked Radio
  • V+D Voice plus Data
  • AI Air Interface
  • the IP protocol field is described further in the document by J. Postel, "Internet Protocol", RFC 791, Sep. 1981.
  • the UDP protocol field is described further in the document by J. Postel, "User Datagram Protocol", and RFC 0768, 1980.
  • CCK Common Cipher Key
  • SCK Static Cipher Key
  • the Adaptation Layer header 525, 565 is populated with critical information that is normally included in the TETRA MAC header. More specifically, the Adaptation Layer header 525, 565 preferably includes a TETRA SSI and an Encryption Mode field, which indicates whether the embedded LLC or RTP PDU is encrypted or not. In a downlink direction the TETRA SSI identifies the TETRA address of the packet recipient (s) , whereas in the uplink direction, it identifies the TETRA address of the packet originator.
  • the Adaptation Layer 525, 565 preferably includes more information in packets that signal the origination of a new call (of any kind) .
  • the Adaptation Layer 525, 565 preferably includes also the Multicast address and the Port Number that are used to transport the voice packets of the upcoming call .
  • the Adaptation Layer header 525, 565 preferably includes an information field that indicates if there is an LLC PDU or an RTP PDU encapsulated in the packet .
  • FIG. 6 an example of how the various headers are populated in a packet 600 carrying a known TETRA D-SETUP message is illustrated.
  • a packet 610 is, for example, sent by the IWF.
  • the IP address 615 of IWF is x.y.z.w and the multicast address and port corresponding to the well-known MCCH address and MCCH port 620, are designated as MCCH-mcast and MCCH-port, respectively.
  • the new UP-SAP of the adaptation layer header 620 is bound to the multicast address gl.g2.g3.g4 and port Gp.
  • a packet 650 is, for example, sent by a ToW.
  • the IP address 655 of the ToW is designated as a.b.c.d. It is noteworthy that in this packet 650, the Adaptation Layer 665 does not include a multicast IP address and port pair, since the packet does not originate a new call.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a signalling flow 700 comprising a WLAN association and location update.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates the typical message sequence 700 that takes place between a ToW terminal 710, an AP and WAG of a WLAN 715 and an IWF 720.
  • all the control signalling takes place over a WLAN radio network, instead of the conventional TDMA channel that carries MCCH signalling.
  • the WLAN preferably acknowledges the request in step 730.
  • the WAG 715 creates an Ft tunnel with the predefined address of the IWF 720, if there is no such tunnel already in place.
  • the WAG 715 also sets up its forwarding function in order to forward subsequent packets from the ToW 710 to the IWF 720 via the Ft tunnel.
  • the ToW 710 initiates a DCHP procedure to obtain an IP address, as shown in step 740 and step 745.
  • This IP address is typically assigned in step 745 by the IWF 720, using an internal DCHP server or possibly an external DHCP server.
  • the ToW 710 starts receiving packets with destination IP equal to MCCH-multleast and UPD port equal to MCCH-port.
  • the values of MCCH-multicast and MCCH-port are assumed to be pre-configured in the ToW 710. However, it is envisaged that other means could also be developed for sending these parameters to the ToW 710, if necessary.
  • the Adaptation Layer in the ToW 710 starts receiving and transmitting packets 755, 760, 765, 770, 772, 775 that include TETRA traffic normally transmitted on the MCCH channel.
  • any packet received by IWF 720 on socket (MCCH-mcast, MCCH- port) is transmitted by an individual ToW 710 and contains information normally transmitted on the TETRA uplink MCCH, such as location registration requests, call control messages, etc.
  • the ToW 710 determines the identity of the TETRA network and the cell identity corresponding to the WLAN 715, and decides to register with this cell. Consequently, the ToW 710 sends to the IWF 720 a U- LOCATION-UPDATE-DEMAND PDU 760 in order to request the SwMI to register/update its new location and to update its affiliation to a specific TETRA talkgroup . As mentioned previously, this PDU 760 is transmitted with destination IP address equal to MCCH-mcast and destination UDP port equal to MCCH-port.
  • the IWF 720 determines the TETRA identity of the ToW 710 by inspecting the SSI field.
  • the subsequent messages D-AUTHENTICATION-DEMAND 765, U- AUTHENTICATION-RESPONSE 770, and D-AUTHENTICATION-RESULT 772, are used for authenticating the ToW 710 and deriving dynamic encryption keys in a way that conforms to the TETRA security specification. Assuming the authentication is successful all messages following U- AUTHENTICATION-RESPONSE 770 are transmitted with encryption enabled.
  • the IWF 720 acknowledges the acceptance of the ToW 710 previous request to update its location and its affiliation to a specific TETRA talkgroup 760.
  • the SwMI network will forward all further traffic for this ToW 710 to the WLAN 715 through the IWF 720.
  • This traffic includes both control-plane messages, such as requests for private or group calls, requests for short messages, etc., as well as user-plane messages, such as voice blocks.
  • the above message sequence conforms to the message sequence specified in TETRA specifications for authentication and location management.
  • the above message sequence can be adapted to any message sequence adopted by a cell-based communication system, such as a cellular communication system or another PMR network, such as Project 25 (see TIA/EIA-102.BAAA, "Project 25 FDMA Common Air Interface", May 1998) .
  • FIG. 7 represents only a simple example of an association request and location update message, and does not aim to show every possible communication.
  • the signalling flow 800 comprising a message sequence for group call initiation and participation is illustrated.
  • the signalling flow 800 illustrates communication between a ToW terminal 805, an AP and WAG of a WLAN 810 and an IWF 815.
  • An indication of a new Group call 820 is received at IWF 815, for ToW terminals affiliated to group X 8388888'.
  • the destination multicast address of a packet 825 and the destination UDP port are the well-known MCCH-mcast and MCCH-port, respectively.
  • the Adaptation Layer header in this packet indicates that the new call will use an IP multicast address gl.g2.g3.g4 and the UDP port Gp. This is illustrated in the MCCH D-SETUP message 825 transmitted from the IWF 815 to the ToW terminal 805. All ToW terminals in the WLAN area of the IWF receive this packet, irrespective of whether they are engaged in a call or not.
  • ToW terminals affiliated to group '8388888' and willing to participate in this group call will create a new UP-SAP instance and will bind it to the designated multicast address and UDP port (i.e. gl.g2.g3.g4/Gp) .
  • ToW terminal 805, with SSI '9O', receives this group call .
  • a series of IP multicast datagrams are transmitted from the IWF 815 to the ToW 805.
  • Each datagram 830, 835 carries a voice packet from the originator.
  • Datagram message 840 is a call-associated control packet, carrying a D-TX Ceased PDU.
  • the Adaptation Layer in the ToW 805 understands that this carries an LLC PDU (as opposed to an RTP PDU) and thus forwards it to the LLC layer as indicated in the Info field.
  • the considered ToW 805 decides to take control of the group call and thus sends an uplink call- associated control packet 845.
  • the uplink call- associated control packet 845 carries a U-TX Request PDU that requests from the SwMI permission to transmit.
  • the SwMI grants transmit permission to ToW 805 with a D-Tx Granted message 850.
  • the ToW 805 transmits a series of user-plane packet that contain encrypted RTP PDUs .
  • security and authentication procedures can be readily incorporated into the TETRA over WLAN system.
  • the authentication procedure can be readily supported by exchanging the appropriate layer-3 messages between the ToW and the IWF, e.g. a D-AUTHENTICATION DEMAND and a U- /D-AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE, as described in ETSI, EN 300 392-7 v2.1.1, "Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA); Voice plus Data (V+D) ; Part 7: Security", Feb. 2001.
  • the Adaptation Layer in the ToW is responsible to run the appropriate security algorithms and create a Derived Ciphering Key (DCK) .
  • DCK Derived Ciphering Key
  • the CCK is generated by the SwMI to protect group addressed signalling and traffic, as well as also protecting SSI identities.
  • a yet further enhanced embodiment of the present invention will support individual and telephone interconnect calls in a similar manner to the signalling flow for group calls described above.
  • a skilled artisan will appreciate that other procedures and corresponding MCCH signalling flows, e.g. for SDS and packet data transmission/reception, can be easily adapted and incorporated using the principles and the protocols hereinbefore described.
  • a specific set of multicast IP address and port number (designated as PDCH-mcast and PDCH-port, respectively) could be assigned by the IWF and communicated over the control channel when a ToW requests access to a packet data channel.
  • the inventive concept has proposed a mechanism for utilising a control channel when communicating between a WLAN and a cell-based communication system such as a TETRA network.
  • Control traffic normally transmitted on the cell-based MCCH can now be received while there are voice and/or data sessions active.
  • a terminal in a voice session cannot also receive the control traffic on a main control channel (MCCH) , because voice and MCCH traffic are transmitted on different channels.
  • MCCH main control channel
  • WLANs feature large air interface capacity and can therefore support many simultaneous cell-based voice/data calls in an efficient and cost effective manner .
  • Supplementary cell-based features e.g. Late Entry, Dynamic Regrouping, etc
  • SwMI processing or intervention e.g. Priority Monitoring
  • Cell-based terminals can participate simultaneously in group call(s), data session(s) and also receive information normally sent on MCCH. This creates new capabilities not available on conventional cell-based radio systems .
  • the preferred architecture has minimum impact on the TETRA SwMI.
  • the IWF can be considered as a special kind of cell-based Base Station, which can easily interface with the SwMI core.
  • a wireless communication system a wireless local area network (WLAN) access gateway (WAG) , an InterWorking Function (IWF) and a wireless terminal adapted to facilitate control channel communication between a cell- based communication system and the wireless local area network (WLAN) have been described. Furthermore, a method of communicating between a wireless local area network (WLAN) , a cell-based communication system and a protocol therefor, have been described.
  • WLAN wireless local area network
  • IWF InterWorking Function

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Abstract

Système de communication sans fil (100, 200, 300) comprenant un réseau local sans fil (WLAN) couplé fonctionnel à un système de radiocommunication cellulaire (160). Le réseau local sans fil est conçu pour mettre en oeuvre un canal de commande (360) pour les communications à destination ou en provenance du système de radiocommunication cellulaire (160). On trouve de préférence une unité de communication sans fil double mode (112, 116) conçue pour communiquer à la fois avec le réseau sans fil et avec le système de radiocommunication cellulaire (160), de sorte qu'une adresse multidiffusion (MCCH-mcast) spécifique et un numéro de port (MCCH-port) sont utilisés sur le canal de commande (360) pour des communications sur ce canal par l'unité de communication sans fil double mode (112, 116). Ainsi, la communication par canal de commande est mise en oeuvre sur le réseau WLAN, ce qui offre toute une palette de possibilités et d'avantages supplémentaires et nouveaux pour les utilisateurs d'unités compatibles avec le réseau WLAN.
EP06721138.3A 2005-03-01 2006-02-28 Systemes et dispositif de communication sans fil; procedes et protocoles d'utilisation Withdrawn EP1856927A4 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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GB0504146A GB2423887B (en) 2005-03-01 2005-03-01 Wireless communication systems and apparatus and methods and protocols for use therein
PCT/US2006/007354 WO2006094087A2 (fr) 2005-03-01 2006-02-28 Systemes et dispositif de communication sans fil; procedes et protocoles d'utilisation

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EP1856927A4 EP1856927A4 (fr) 2014-01-15

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WO2006094087A2 (fr) 2006-09-08
CA2599015A1 (fr) 2006-09-08
KR100927321B1 (ko) 2009-11-19
GB0504146D0 (en) 2005-04-06
KR20070112229A (ko) 2007-11-22
WO2006094087A3 (fr) 2007-03-29
GB2423887B (en) 2007-05-30
CN101164353A (zh) 2008-04-16
GB2423887A (en) 2006-09-06
EP1856927A4 (fr) 2014-01-15

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