EP1856171A1 - Pigments that are at least partially sheathed in radiation-curable polyurethane, their production and use - Google Patents
Pigments that are at least partially sheathed in radiation-curable polyurethane, their production and useInfo
- Publication number
- EP1856171A1 EP1856171A1 EP06708483A EP06708483A EP1856171A1 EP 1856171 A1 EP1856171 A1 EP 1856171A1 EP 06708483 A EP06708483 A EP 06708483A EP 06708483 A EP06708483 A EP 06708483A EP 1856171 A1 EP1856171 A1 EP 1856171A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- radiation
- compound
- pigment
- average
- diisocyanate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 157
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 125000005442 diisocyanate group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- AVWRKZWQTYIKIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea-1-carboxylic acid Chemical group NC(=O)NC(O)=O AVWRKZWQTYIKIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 claims description 73
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 72
- -1 ammonium ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 50
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims 3
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 45
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 16
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 15
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 14
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 13
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 10
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000005057 Hexamethylene diisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 9
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylene diisocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCN=C=O RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical group C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 8
- UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L [dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 7
- ISAOCJYIOMOJEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoin Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(O)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ISAOCJYIOMOJEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000012965 benzophenone Substances 0.000 description 7
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 7
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 7
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 7
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 7
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 7
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VVBLNCFGVYUYGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Bis(dimethylamino)benzophenone Chemical compound C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(N(C)C)C=C1 VVBLNCFGVYUYGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000001972 isopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229920000909 polytetrahydrofuran Polymers 0.000 description 6
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 150000004056 anthraquinones Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- DMSMPAJRVJJAGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzo[d]isothiazol-3-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)NSC2=C1 DMSMPAJRVJJAGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 5
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000019241 carbon black Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 5
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 5
- NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophorone diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N=C=O)CC(C)(CN=C=O)C1 NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- ZFPGARUNNKGOBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone Chemical compound CCN1CCCC1=O ZFPGARUNNKGOBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 244000299507 Gossypium hirsutum Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 4
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZUQAPLKKNAQJAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylenediol Chemical class OC#CO ZUQAPLKKNAQJAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 4
- RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzophenone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCCCO YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 4
- KWVGIHKZDCUPEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(OC)(OC)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KWVGIHKZDCUPEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound OCCOC(=O)C=C OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NJWGQARXZDRHCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylanthraquinone Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC(C)=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 NJWGQARXZDRHCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000003542 3-methylbutan-2-yl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SJRJJKPEHAURKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylmorpholine Chemical compound CN1CCOCC1 SJRJJKPEHAURKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910018557 Si O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 244000028419 Styrax benzoin Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000000126 Styrax benzoin Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000008411 Sumatra benzointree Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthraquinone Natural products CCC(=O)c1c(O)c2C(=O)C3C(C=CC=C3O)C(=O)c2cc1CC(=O)OC PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960002130 benzoin Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 150000008366 benzophenones Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 159000000006 cesium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 description 3
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019382 gum benzoic Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCO XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004491 isohexyl group Chemical group C(CCC(C)C)* 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000003136 n-heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 125000001280 n-hexyl group Chemical group C(CCCCC)* 0.000 description 3
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000001971 neopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000003548 sec-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Inorganic materials [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 3
- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VUIMBZIZZFSQEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(1h-indol-3-yl)ethanone Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C(=O)C)=CNC2=C1 VUIMBZIZZFSQEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WDQFELCEOPFLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)pyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound OCCN1CCCC1=O WDQFELCEOPFLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XHLHPRDBBAGVEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-tetralone Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)CCCC2=C1 XHLHPRDBBAGVEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RKMGAJGJIURJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine Chemical compound CC1(C)CCCC(C)(C)N1 RKMGAJGJIURJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HLFNUPJVFUAPLD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2-ethylhexanoate;2-hydroxypropyl(trimethyl)azanium Chemical compound CC(O)C[N+](C)(C)C.CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O HLFNUPJVFUAPLD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- HYFFNAVAMIJUIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol Chemical compound CCC(CO)CO HYFFNAVAMIJUIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QOXOZONBQWIKDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxypropyl Chemical group [CH2]CCO QOXOZONBQWIKDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UGVRJVHOJNYEHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-chlorobenzophenone Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 UGVRJVHOJNYEHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NTPLXRHDUXRPNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methoxyacetophenone Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C(C)=O)C=C1 NTPLXRHDUXRPNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetophenone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QSJXEFYPDANLFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diacetyl Chemical compound CC(=O)C(C)=O QSJXEFYPDANLFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylamine Chemical compound CNC ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylamine Chemical compound CCN QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005058 Isophorone diisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 2
- BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylamine Chemical compound NC BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UEEJHVSXFDXPFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-dimethylaminoethanol Chemical compound CN(C)CCO UEEJHVSXFDXPFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FZERHIULMFGESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-phenylacetamide Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 FZERHIULMFGESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylamine Chemical compound CCCCN(CCCC)CCCC IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- KJPJZBYFYBYKPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N vat yellow 1 Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C2=CC=C3N=C4C5=CC=CC=C5C(=O)C5=C4C4=C3C2=C1N=C4C=C5 KJPJZBYFYBYKPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N xylitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- NDKWCCLKSWNDBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;dioxido(dioxo)chromium Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O NDKWCCLKSWNDBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
- C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
- C08G18/77—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates having heteroatoms in addition to the isocyanate or isothiocyanate nitrogen and oxygen or sulfur
- C08G18/78—Nitrogen
- C08G18/7806—Nitrogen containing -N-C=0 groups
- C08G18/7818—Nitrogen containing -N-C=0 groups containing ureum or ureum derivative groups
- C08G18/7837—Nitrogen containing -N-C=0 groups containing ureum or ureum derivative groups containing allophanate groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/42—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain
- C08G18/4205—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain containing cyclic groups
- C08G18/4208—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain containing cyclic groups containing aromatic groups
- C08G18/4211—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain containing cyclic groups containing aromatic groups derived from aromatic dicarboxylic acids and dialcohols
- C08G18/4216—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain containing cyclic groups containing aromatic groups derived from aromatic dicarboxylic acids and dialcohols from mixtures or combinations of aromatic dicarboxylic acids and aliphatic dicarboxylic acids and dialcohols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/65—Low-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen with high-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/66—Compounds of groups C08G18/42, C08G18/48, or C08G18/52
- C08G18/6633—Compounds of group C08G18/42
- C08G18/6659—Compounds of group C08G18/42 with compounds of group C08G18/34
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/67—Unsaturated compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/671—Unsaturated compounds having only one group containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/672—Esters of acrylic or alkyl acrylic acid having only one group containing active hydrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D11/00—Inks
- C09D11/02—Printing inks
- C09D11/10—Printing inks based on artificial resins
- C09D11/101—Inks specially adapted for printing processes involving curing by wave energy or particle radiation, e.g. with UV-curing following the printing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D175/00—Coating compositions based on polyureas or polyurethanes; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D175/04—Polyurethanes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D175/00—Coating compositions based on polyureas or polyurethanes; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D175/04—Polyurethanes
- C09D175/14—Polyurethanes having carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C09D175/16—Polyurethanes having carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds having terminal carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24802—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
Definitions
- At least partially coated with radiation-curable polyurethane pigments their preparation and use
- the present invention relates to an aqueous dispersion containing an at least partially coated with at least one radiation-curable polyurethane (A) pigment (B), wherein at least one radiation-curable polyurethane (A) is obtainable by reacting
- the present invention relates to at least partially coated pigments prepared by dispersing at least one pigment (B) and at least one radiation-curable polyurethane (A), wherein radiation-curable polyurethane (A) is obtainable by reacting
- the present invention relates to the preparation of at least partially coated pigments according to the invention and aqueous dispersions according to the invention and to their use.
- Thermal Ink Jet Piezo Ink Jet, Continuous Inkjet, Valve Jet, Transfer Printing
- They must be suitable for printing suitable viscosity and surface tension, they must be storage stable, ie, they should not coagulate or flocculate, and they must not lead to clogging of the printer nozzle, which may be particularly problematic for dispersed, so not dissolved colorant particles containing inks.
- the storage stability requirements of these recording fluids, and in particular inks include dispersing do not deposit the colorant particles.
- the inks must be stable to the addition of conductive salts and should show no tendency to flocculate when the ion content is increased.
- the prints obtained must meet the coloristic requirements, ie show high brilliance and color depth, and have good fastness properties, for example rub fastness, light fastness, waterfastness and wet rub fastness, optionally after aftertreatment such as fixation, and good drying behavior.
- good fastness properties for example rub fastness, light fastness, waterfastness and wet rub fastness, optionally after aftertreatment such as fixation, and good drying behavior.
- prints can be fixed by so-called radiation curing.
- radiation-curable inks s.
- Radiation curable ink jet inks typically contain a material that can be cured by exposure to actinic radiation.
- radiation-curable ink-jet inks can be accompanied by a photoinitiator.
- Radiation-curable di- and polyurethanes are known, for example from EP-B 1 144 476 and EP 1 118 627.
- the radiation-curable polyurethanes described in the references cited above can be used, for example, for painting furniture or cars. For many applications, however, their performance characteristics are still to be improved.
- the object was therefore the object to provide aqueous dispersions of pigments. It was a further object to provide inks for the ink-jet process, which can be cured particularly well by the action of actinic radiation. A further object was to provide processes for the production of inks for the ink-jet process. Finally, the object was to provide printed substrates and in particular printed textile substrates which have a particularly good feel and good fastness properties.
- polyurethanes are understood to mean not only those polymers which are linked exclusively by urethane groups but, in a more general sense, polymers which can be obtained by reacting di- or polyisocyanates with compounds which are active hydrogen atoms contain.
- Polyurethanes for the purposes of the present invention may thus contain, in addition to urethane groups, urea, allophanate, biuret, carbodiimide, amide, ester, ether, uretoneimine, uretdione, isocyanurate or oxazolidine groups.
- An overview may be mentioned by way of example: Kunststoffhandbuch / Saechtling, 26th edition, Carl-Hanser-Verlag, Kunststoff 1995, page 491 ff.
- polyurethanes in the context of the present invention contain allophanate groups.
- radiation-curable polyurethane (A) is not hyperbranched polyurethane.
- Hyperbranched polyurethanes are known as such and described, for example, in J.M.S. - Rev. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 1997, C37 (3), 555.
- Aqueous dispersions of the invention contain at least one pigment (B) at least partially coated with at least one radiation-curable polyurethane (A).
- pigment enveloped at least partially with at least one radiation-curable polyurethane is understood to mean pigment in particulate form whose outer surface is completely or partially covered by radiation-curable polyurethane, or mixtures of pigment in particulate form, in which a certain percentage the pigment particle is not coated with radiation-curable poly-urethane and in which the outer surface of the remaining pigment particles are completely or partially covered by radiation-curable polyurethane, fall under the definition of "pigment at least partially coated with at least one radiation-curable polyurethane".
- At least 10%, preferably at least 20% and particularly preferably at least 30% of the outer surface are covered with radiation-curable polyurethane in pigment enveloped at least partially with at least one radiation-curable polyurethane.
- the degree of cladding can be determined, for example, by measuring the zeta potential, by microscopic methods such as light microscopy or electron microscopy methods (TEM, cryo-TEM, SEM) and more particularly by means of freeze-fracture preparation, NMR spectroscopy or photoelectron spectroscopy determine at least partially coated pigment.
- at least partially enveloping pigments (B) are obtained by at least partial coating of water-insoluble finely divided organic or inorganic colorants as defined in DIN 55944. Preference is given to the preparation of aqueous dispersions of organic pigments according to the invention, wherein carbon black is included. The following are examples of particularly suitable pigments (B).
- Anthraquinone pigments Cl. Pigment Yellow 147 and 177; Cl. Pigment Violet 31;
- Anthraquinone pigments Cl. Pigment Yellow 147 and 177; Cl. Pigment Violet 31;
- Anthrapyrimidine pigments Cl. Pigment Yellow 108 (CI Vat Yellow 20); - Quinacridone pigments: Cl. Pigment Red 122, 202 and 206;
- Flavanthrone pigments Cl. Pigment Yellow 24 (CI Vat Yellow 1); - Indanthrone pigments: Cl. Pigment Blue 60 (Cl Vat Blue 4) and 64
- Isoindoline pigments Cl. Pigment Orange 69; Cl. Pigment Red 260;
- Isoviolanthrone pigments Cl. Pigment Violet 31 (Cl. Vat Violet 1);
- Phthalocyanine pigments Cl. Pigment Blue 15, 15: 1, 15: 2, 15: 3, 15: 4, 15: 6 and 16;
- Triaryl carbonium pigments Cl. Pigment Blue 1, 61 and 62; Cl. Pigment Green 1;
- titanium dioxide CI Pigment White 6
- zinc white color zinc oxide
- barium sulfate zinc sulfide
- lithopone lithopone
- White lead
- Black pigments iron oxide black (CI Pigment Black 11), iron manganese black, spinel black (CI Pigment Black 27); Carbon black (CI Pigment Black 7);
- Iron oxide brown, mixed brown, spinel and corundum phases (CI Pigment Brown 24, 29 and 31), chrome orange;
- Iron oxide yellow (CI Pigment Yellow 42); Nickel titanium yellow (CI Pigment Yellow 53, CI Pigment Yellow 157 and 164); Chromium titanium yellow; Cadmium sulfide and cadmium zinc sulfide (CI Pigment Yellow 37 and 35); Chrome yellow (CI Pigment Yellow 34), zinc yellow, alkaline earth dichromates; Naples yellow; Bismuth vanadate (CI Pigment Yellow 184); Interference pigments: metallic effect pigments based on coated metal flakes; Pearlescent pigments based on metal oxide-coated mica platelets; Liquid crystal pigments.
- Preferred pigments (B) are monoazo pigments (in particular laked BONS pigments, naphthol AS pigments), disazo pigments (in particular diaryl yellow pigments, bisacetacetic acid acetanilide pigments, disazopyrazolone pigments), quinacridone pigments, quinophthalone pigments, perinone pigments, phthalocyanine pigments, triarylcarbonium pigments (alkali lake pigments, laked rhodamines, dye salts with complex anions), isoindoline pigments and carbon blacks.
- monoazo pigments in particular laked BONS pigments, naphthol AS pigments
- disazo pigments in particular diaryl yellow pigments, bisacetacetic acid acetanilide pigments, disazopyrazolone pigments
- quinacridone pigments quinophthalone pigments, perinone pigments, phthalocyanine pigments, triarylcarbonium pigments (alkali lake pigments, laked rhodamines,
- pigments (B) are: carbon black, Cl. Pigment Yellow 138, Cl. Pigment Red 122 and 146, Cl. Pigment Violet 19, CI. Pigment Blue 15: 3 and 15: 4, CI. Pigment Black 7, Cl. Pigment Orange 5, 38 and 43 and Cl. Pigment Green 7.
- Radiation-curable polyurethanes (A) in the context of the present invention can be obtained by reacting
- R 1 , R 2 are identical or different and are independently selected from hydrogen and C 1 -C 10 -alkyl, such as, for example, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, iso-pentyl, sec-pentyl, neo-pentyl, 1, 2-dimethylpropyl, iso-amyl, n-hexyl, iso-hexyl, sec-hexyl, n-heptyl, n Octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl; particularly preferably C r C 4 -alkyl, such as
- X 1 selected from oxygen and NR 3 ,
- -OC r C 4 alkyl for example, -0-CH3, -0-C 2 H 5, -OnC 3 H 7, -O-CH (CH 3) z, -OnC 4 H 9, -O-iso- C 4 H 9, -O-sec-C 4 H 9, -0-C (CHa) 3, substituted C r C 20 alkylene which may be mentioned -CH (CH 3) -, -CH (C 2 H 5 ) -, -CH (C 6 H 5) -, - CH 2 -CH (CH 3) -, cis- and trans-CH (CH 3) -CH (CH 3) -, - (CH 2) -C ( CH 3 ) 2 -CH 2 -, -CH 2 -CH (C 2 H 5 ) -,
- one or more non-adjacent CH 2 groups may be replaced by oxygen, examples game, -CH 2 -O-CH 2 -, - (CH 2) ZO- (CHz) 2 -, - [(CH 2 J 2 -O] 2 - (CH 2 ) Z-,
- X 2 selected from NH-R 3 and preferably oxygen
- R 3 is different or preferably the same and selected from hydrogen, phenyl and
- C 1 -C 10 -alkyl for example methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, sec-pentyl, neo -Pentyl, 1, 2-dimethylpropyl, iso-amyl, n-hexyl, iso -hexyl, sec-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl; particularly preferably C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl, in particular methyl.
- Very particularly preferred compounds of the general formula I are 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate and 3-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate. It is possible to prepare radiation-curable polyurethane in the absence or preferably in the presence of at least one catalyst.
- Suitable catalysts are, for example, all catalysts customarily used in polyurethane chemistry.
- Catalysts commonly used in polyurethane chemistry are preferably organic amines, especially tertiary aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic amines, and Lewis acidic organic metal compounds.
- Tin compounds such as tin (II) salts of organic carboxylic acids, e.g. Tin (II) acetate, tin (II) octoate, tin (II) ethyl hexoate and tin (II) laurate and the dialkyltin (IV) derivatives of organic carboxylic acids, eg dimethyl tin diacetate, dibutyltin diacetate, dibutyltin dibutyrate, dibutyltin bis (2-ethylhexanoate), dibutyltin dilaurate, dibutyltin maleate, dioctyltin dilaurate and dioctyltin diacetate.
- tin (II) salts of organic carboxylic acids e.g. Tin (II) acetate, tin (II) octoate, tin (II) ethyl hexoate
- Metal complexes such as acetylacetonates of iron, titanium, aluminum, zirconium, manganese, nickel and cobalt are also possible.
- Other suitable metal compounds are described by Blank et al. in Progress in Organic Coatings, 1999, 35, 19 et seq.
- Preferred Lewis-acidic organic metal compounds are dimethyltin diacetate, dibutyltin dibutyrate, dibutyltin bis (2-ethylhexanoate), dibutyltin dilaurate, diocytotin dilaurate, zirconium acetylacetonate and zirconium 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3, 5-heptanedionate.
- Suitable cesium salts are those compounds in which the following anions are used: F “ , CP, CIO “ , CIO 3 “ , CIO 4 “ , Br, J “ , JO 3 -, CN “ , OCN “ , NO 2 “ , NO 3 -, HCO 3 -, CO 3 2 -, S 2 ⁇ , SH “ , HSO 3 “ , SO 3 2 " HSO 4 -, SO 4 2” , S 2 O 2 2 " , S 2 O 4 2 “ S 2 O 5 2 -, S 2 O 6 2” , S 2 O 7 2 -, S 2 O 8 2 " , H 2 PO 2 -, H 2 PO 4 -, HPO 4 2 - PO 4 3 - , P 2 O 7 4 -, (OC n H 2n + 1 ) " , (C n H 2n ⁇ O 2 ) -, (
- cesium carboxylates in which the anion (C n + 1 H 2 ⁇ _ 2 O 4) of formulas (C n H 2n .-] 0 2) ⁇ as well as 2 -, obeys with n equal to 1 through twentieth
- Particularly preferred cesium salts have as anions monocarboxylates of the general formula
- customary organic amines are: triethylamine, 1,4-diazabicyclo [2,2,2] octane, tributylamine, dimethylbenzylamine, N, N, N ', N'-tetramethylethylenediamine, N, N, N ', N'-tetramethylbutane-1,4-diamine, N, N, N', N'-tetramethylhexane-1,6-diamine, dimethylcyclohexylamine, dimethyldodecylamine, pentamethyldipropylenetriamine amine, pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, 3-methyl-6-dimethylamino-3-azapentol, dimethylaminopropylamine, 1,3-bisdimethylaminobutane, bis (2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether, N-ethylmorpholine, N-methylmorpholine, N-cyclohexylmorpholine,
- Preferred organic amines are trialkylamines having, independently of one another, two C 1 - to C 4 -alkyl radicals and one alkyl or cycloalkyl radical having from 4 to 20 carbon atoms, for example dimethyl-C 4 -C 15 -alkylamine, such as dimethyldodecylamine or dimethyl-C 3 -C 8 -cycloalkylamine.
- Also preferred organic amines are bicyclic amines, which may optionally contain another heteroatom such as oxygen or nitrogen, such as 1, 4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane.
- ammonium acetate or triethylamine and very particularly preferably N, N, N-trimethyl-N- (2-hydroxypropyl) ammonium 2-ethylhexanoate.
- mixtures of two or more of the abovementioned compounds can also be used as catalysts.
- catalysts selected from the abovementioned compounds which are soluble in organic solvents such as acetone, tetrahydrofuran (THF), N-methylpyrrolidone and / or N-ethylpyrrolidone.
- Catalyst is preferably used in an amount of 0.0001 to 10 wt .-%, more preferably in an amount of 0.001 to 5 wt .-%, based on diisocyanate (a1).
- Suitable solvents are water-immiscible solvents such as aromatic or aliphatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, ethyl acetate, hexane and cyclohexane and carboxylic acid esters such as ethyl acetate, further suitable solvents are acetone, THF and N-methylpyrrolidone and N-ethylpyrrolidone.
- the one or more catalysts in solid or liquid form and especially preferably dissolved in organic solvents such as acetone, tetrahydrofuran (THF), N-methylpyrrolidone or N-ethylpyrrolidone to.
- organic solvents such as acetone, tetrahydrofuran (THF), N-methylpyrrolidone or N-ethylpyrrolidone to.
- Diisocyanate (a1) is selected, for example, from aliphatic, aromatic and cycloaliphatic diisocyanates.
- aromatic diisocyanates are: 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate (2,4-TDI), 2,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (2,4'-MDI) and so-called TDI mixtures (mixtures of 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate and 2, 6-toluene diisocyanate).
- aliphatic diisocyanates are exemplified: 1, 4-butylene diisocyanate, 1, 12-dodecamethylene diisocyanate, 1, 10-decamethylene diisocyanate, 2-butyl-2-ethyl-pentamethylene diisocyanate, 2,4,4- or 2,2,4-trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate and especially hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI).
- cycloaliphatic diisocyanates examples include isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), 2-isocyanatopropylcyclohexyl isocyanate, 2,4'-methylenebis (cyclohexyl) diisocyanate and 4-methylcyclohexane-1,3-diisocyanate (H-TDI).
- IPDI isophorone diisocyanate
- 2,4'-methylenebis (cyclohexyl) diisocyanate 2,4'-methylenebis (cyclohexyl) diisocyanate
- H-TDI 4-methylcyclohexane-1,3-diisocyanate
- isocyanates having groups of different reactivity are 1,3-phenylene diisocyanate, 1,4-phenylene diisocyanate, 1,5-naphthylene diisocyanate, diphenyl diisocyanate, tolidine diisocyanate and 2,6-toluene diisocyanate.
- Diisocyanate (a1) and compound (a2) can be used in molar ratios of, for example, 10: 1 to 1: 1, preferably 5: 1 to 5: 4.
- diisocyanate (a1) and compound (a2) zen implementation with each other at temperatures ranging from 20 0 C to 150 0 C, preferably 50 to 130 0 C.
- diisocyanate (a1) and compound (a2) can be reacted in a solvent, preferably in an organic solvent or a mixture of organic solvents such as toluene, acetone or tetrahydrofuran or mixtures of the abovementioned solvents.
- a solvent preferably in an organic solvent or a mixture of organic solvents such as toluene, acetone or tetrahydrofuran or mixtures of the abovementioned solvents.
- the use of solvent is dispensed with in the reaction of diisocyanate (a1) with compound (a2).
- the reaction conditions for example the molar ratios of diisocyanate (a1) and compound (a2), are chosen such that diisocyanate (a) 2 isocyanate groups and 1 to 10 allophanate groups and 1 to 10 CC double bonds, but no O-CO-NH groups has.
- the reaction conditions for example, the molar ratios of diisocyanate (a1) and compound (a2), are such that diisocyanate (a) 2 isocyanate groups and 1 to 9 allophanate groups and 1 to 9 CC double bonds and also has one or more O-CO-NH groups.
- diisocyanate (a1) After completion of the reaction of diisocyanate (a1) with compound (a2), it is possible to isolate di- or polyisocyanate (a), for example by separating unreacted starting materials, such as diisocyanate (a1) or compound (a2).
- a suitable method of separating unreacted starting materials, such as diisocyanate (a1) and compound (a2), is distilling off, preferably at reduced pressure. Especially suitable are thin-film evaporators. Preference is given to the distilling off unreacted diisocyanate (a1).
- di- or polyisocyanate (a) has a dynamic viscosity at 23 ° in the range of 500 to 2000 mPa ⁇ s, preferably 600 to 1800 mPa ⁇ s, most preferably 700 to 1500 mPa ⁇ s.
- di- or polyisocyanate (a) has an NCO content in the range of 8 to 20% by weight, preferably 12 to 17% by weight, determinable for example by titration.
- di- or polyisocyanate (a) is reacted with at least one further diisocyanate (b).
- Diisocyanate (b) can be selected from the abovementioned aliphatic, aromatic and cycloaliphatic diisocyanates. Diisocyanate (b) is different from diisocyanate (a) and is therefore referred to in the context of the present invention as "further diisocyanate".
- diisocyanate (b) is selected to be different from diisocyanate (a1).
- diisocyanate (b) is chosen to be equal to diisocyanate (a1).
- the procedure is to select diisocyanate (b) equal to diisocyanate (a1) by not separating from unused diisocyanate (a1) after the preparation of diisocyanate (a) has ended.
- the reaction is furthermore carried out with at least one compound having at least two isocyanate-reactive groups (c), which in the context of the present invention are also used as compound (c).
- c isocyanate-reactive groups
- the SH group, the hydroxyl group, the NH 2 group and the NHR 3 group in which R 3 is defined as mentioned above are particularly well-suited for reaction with isocyanate groups.
- Compound (c) may be hydrophilic or hydrophobic.
- At least one compound (c) is selected from
- 1,1,1-trimethylol-C 1 -C -alkylcarboxylic acids for example 1,1,1-trimethylolacetic acid, 1,1,1-trimethylolpropanoic acid, 1,1,1-trimethylolbutyric acid, citric acid,
- 1,1-dimethylol-C 1 -C 4 -alkylcarboxylic acids for example 1,1-dimethylolacetic acid
- Poly-C 2 -C 3 -alkylene glycols having on average 3 to 300 alkylene oxide units per molecule, in particular polyethylene glycol having an average (number average) 3 to 300 ethylene oxide units per molecule and polyaddition products of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide with an average (number average) 3 to 300 Ethylene oxide units per molecule and a molar proportion of ethylene oxide which is higher than the proportion of propylene oxide;
- hydrophilic diamines with COOM or SO 3 M groups for example
- M is selected in each case from alkali metal ions, in particular Na + , and ammonium ions,
- Polyester diols which are produced by polycondensation of
- At least one aliphatic or cycloaliphatic diol preferably ethylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, cis- and trans-1,4-cyclohexanediol, cis- and trans-1,4-dihydroxymethylcyclohexane (cyclohexanedimethanol), with at least one aliphatic, aromatic or cycloaliphatic dicarboxylic acid, for example succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, cyclohexane-1, 4-dicarboxylic acid, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid.
- succinic acid for example succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, cyclohexane-1, 4-dicarboxylic acid, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid.
- At least two dicarboxylic acids are used to prepare polyester diol, one being aromatic and the other aliphatic, for example succinic and isophthalic, glutaric and isophthalic, adipic and isophthalic, succinic and terephthalic, glutaric and terephthalic acids , Adipic acid and terephthalic acid.
- succinic and isophthalic glutaric and isophthalic
- adipic and isophthalic succinic and terephthalic
- glutaric and terephthalic acids Adipic acid and terephthalic acid.
- Adipic acid and terephthalic acid Adipic acid and terephthalic acid.
- a molar ratio in the range from 10: 1 to 1:10 is preferred, in particular a molar ratio in the range from 1.5: 1 to 1: 1.5.
- polyester diols used as compound (c) have a hydroxyl number in the range of 20 to 200 mg KOH / g, preferably 50 to 180 very particularly preferably 100 to 160 mg KOH / g, determined according to DIN 53240.
- polyester diols used as compound (c) have a molecular weight M w in the range from 500 to 100,000 g / mol, preferably 700 to 50,000 g / mol, particularly preferably up to 30,000 g / mol.
- suitable compounds (b) are ethanolamine, diethanolamine, neopentyl glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,1-dimethylolpropane.
- At least two compounds (c) are reacted, one of which is selected from ethanolamine, diethanolamine, neopentyl glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,1-dimethylolpropane.
- the synthesis of radiation-curable polyurethane (A) can be carried out.
- compound (d) of the general formula I another compound of the general formula I than for the preparation of diisocyanate or polyisocyanate (a) containing on average from 1 to 10 allophanate groups and on average from 1 to 10 carbon double bonds per molecule contains, used.
- compound (d) and compound (a2) are identical.
- di- or polyisocyanate (a), further diisocyanate (b) and compound (c) and optionally further compound of the general formula I (d) can be used in the following weight ratios, in each case based on the total radiation-curable polyurethane (A):
- wt .-% preferably 1 to 6 wt .-% di- or polyisocyanate (a), 20 to 60 wt .-%, preferably 30 to 55 wt .-% further diisocyanate (b), 3 bis 20 wt .-%, preferably 5 to 15 wt .-% of compound (c), 0 to 20 wt .-%, preferably 5 to 15 wt .-% compound of general formula I (d).
- Data in% by weight are in each case based on the total of the radiation-curable polyurethane (A) to be synthesized.
- the preparation of radiation-curable polyisocyanate (A) is also used with at least one nucleophilic alcohol or amine, preferably monoalcohol or monoamine, which can also serve as a stopper and is referred to below as stopper (e).
- suitable stoppers (e) are mono- and di-C 1 -C 4 -alkylamines, in particular diethylamine. It is possible to use up to 10% by weight of stopper (s), based on radiation-curable polyurethane (A) to be synthesized.
- radiation-curable polyurethane (A) from di- or polyisocyanate (a), further diisocyanate (b), compound (c) and optionally further compound of general formula I (d) and optionally stopper (e) in one stage or in several stages.
- di- or polyisocyanate (a), further diisocyanate (b) and compound (c) in a first stage, preferably by using a catalyst, stopping the reaction and then again diisocyanate (b) and compound of the general formula I ( d) and optionally stopper (e).
- di- or polyisocyanate (a), further diisocyanate (b), compound (c) and optionally further compound of general formula I (d) and optionally stopper (s) in solvent preferably in an organic Solvent or a mixture of organic Solvents such as toluene, acetone or tetrahydrofuran or mixtures of the aforementioned solvents.
- solvent preferably in an organic Solvent or a mixture of organic Solvents such as toluene, acetone or tetrahydrofuran or mixtures of the aforementioned solvents.
- the reaction of di- or polyisocyanate (a), further diisocyanate (b), compound (c) and optionally further compound of the general formula I (d) and optionally stopper (e) is dispensed with. on the use of solvents.
- di- or polyisocyanate (a), further diisocyanate (b) and compound (c) and optionally further compounds of the general formula I (d) and optionally stopper (e) at temperatures in the range of 2O 0 C to 150 0 C with each other, preferably 20 to 80 0 C.
- the molecular weight M w of the radiation-curable polyurethanes (A) to be used for the present invention may be, for example, 500 to at most 50,000 g / mol, preferably 1,000 to 30,000 g / mol, more preferably 2,000 to 25,000 g / mol, and most preferably at least 2,000 g / mol, determined for example by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
- GPC gel permeation chromatography
- radiation-curable polyurethane (A) contains no free NCO groups.
- further diisocyanate (b) and compound (c) and optionally (d) and optionally stopper (s) can be added to water, for example in a weight ratio of radiation-curable polyurethane (A) to water in Range from 1: 1 to 1:10.
- further diisocyanate (b) and compound (c) and optionally (d) and stopper (s) can be groups which have sufficiently acidic H atoms, by treatment with bases in convert the corresponding salts.
- suitable bases are hydroxides and bicarbonates of alkali metals or alkaline earth metals or the carbonates of alkali metals.
- Suitable bases are volatile amines, ie amines having a boiling point up to 180 ° C. at atmospheric pressure, for example ammonia, methylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, ethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, ethanolamine or N-methyldiethanolamine.
- volatile amines ie amines having a boiling point up to 180 ° C. at atmospheric pressure
- ammonia methylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, ethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, ethanolamine or N-methyldiethanolamine.
- basic groups with acids such as .alpha.-hydroxycarboxylic acids or .alpha.-amino acids or else .alpha.-hydroxysulfonic acids can be converted into the corresponding salts.
- one or more pigments (B) and optionally water are added.
- the weight ratio of radiation-curable polyurethane (A) to pigment (B) can be varied within wide limits.
- the weight ratio of radiation-curable polyurethane (A) to pigment (B) is in the range from 5: 1 to 1: 3, preferably 3: 1 to 1: 2, more preferably 2: 1 to 2: 3 ,
- radiation-curable polyurethane (A) and pigment (B) are dispersed.
- the dispersion can be carried out in any suitable apparatus for dispersing.
- shaking apparatuses such as e.g. called the company Skandex.
- Radiation-curable polyurethane (A) and pigment (B) are preferably dispersed, for example, in ultrasound apparatuses, high-pressure homogenizers, 2-, 3-, 4- or 5-roller mills, mini-mills, Henschel mixers, shaking mills, angle mills, tooth mills, bead mills, wet mills, sand mills, attritors , Colloid mills, ultrasound homogenizers, with Ultra-Turrax stirrer and in particular by grinding, for example in 2, 3, 4 or 5 roll mills, mini mills, shaking mills, Angmühlen, tooth mills, bead mills, wet mills, sand mills, colloid mills, ball mills , especially agitator ball mills.
- 10 minutes to 48 hours have been found to be a suitable period for dispersing, although a longer period is also conceivable.
- a dispersing time of from 15 minutes to 24 hours is preferred.
- Pressure and temperature conditions during dispersion are generally not critical, for example, normal pressure has proven to be suitable.
- temperatures for example temperatures in the range of 10 0 C to 100 0 C have proven to be suitable, preferably to 80 ° C.
- aqueous dispersions according to the invention have a solids content in the range from 3 to 40%, preferably to 35%, particularly preferably 5 to 30%.
- the average diameter of at least partially coated with radiation-curable polyurethane (A) pigment (B) is usually in the range of 20 nm to 1.5 microns, preferably in the range of 60 to 500 nm, more preferably in the range of 60 to 350 after dispersion nm and in the context of the present invention generally designates the volume average.
- Suitable measuring instruments for determining the mean particle diameter are, for example, Coulter Counter, e.g. Coulter LS 230.
- the particle diameter refers to the mean diameter of the primary particles.
- Novel aqueous dispersions do not contain a thermal initiator, ie, no compound which has a half-life at least at 6O 0 C for one hour and thereby decomposes into free radicals, such as peroxides, hydroperoxides, hydrogen peroxide, persulfates, azo compounds such as azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) or water-soluble AIBN derivatives, highly substituted, in particular hexa-substituted, ethane derivatives or redox catalysts.
- a thermal initiator ie, no compound which has a half-life at least at 6O 0 C for one hour and thereby decomposes into free radicals, such as peroxides, hydroperoxides, hydrogen peroxide, persulfates, azo compounds such as azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) or water-soluble AIBN derivatives, highly substituted, in particular hexa-substituted, ethane derivative
- aqueous dispersions according to the invention comprise at least one polyurethane (C).
- Polyurethane (C) is obtainable, for example, by reacting diisocyanate (b) with compound (c), but preferably contains no allophanate groups.
- pigment (B) is at least partially coated not only with radiation-curable polyurethane (A), but also with polyurethane (C).
- aqueous dispersions according to the invention comprise radiation-curable polyurethane (A) and polyurethane (C) in the range from 10: 1 to 1: 2, preferably in the range from 8: 1 to 1: 1 (weight ratio).
- aqueous dispersions according to the invention comprise at least one photoinitiator (D). Photoinitiator (D) can be added either before dispersing or after dispersing.
- Suitable photoinitiators (D) may be, for example, photoinitiators known to those skilled in the art, e.g. those in "Advances in Polymer Science", Volume 14, Springer Berlin 1974 or in K.K. Dietliker, Chemistry and Technology of UV and EB Formulation for Coatings, Inks and Paints, Volume 3; Photoinitiators for Free Radical and Cationic Polymerization, P.K.T. Oldring (Eds), SITA Technology Ltd, London.
- EP-A 0 007 508 EP-A 0 057 474, DE-A 196 18 720, EP-A 0 495 751 and
- EP-A 0 615 980 for example 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide, ethyl 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphenylphosphinate, bis (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) -phenylphosphine oxide, benzophenone, hydroxyacetophenone, Phenylglyoxylkla- re and their derivatives or mixtures of the above photoinitiators.
- Examples which may be mentioned are benzophenone, acetophenone, acetonaphthoquinone, methyl ethyl ketone, valerophenone, hexanophenone, ⁇ -phenylbutyrophenone, p-morpholinopropiophenone, dibenzosuberone, 4-morpholinobenzophenone, 4-morpholinodeoxybenzene, p-diacetylbenzene, 4-aminobenzophenone, 4 ' -Methoxyacetophenone, ⁇ -methylanthraquinone, terf-butylanthraquinone, anthraquinone carboxylic acid ester, benzaldehyde, ⁇ -tetralone, 9-acetylphenanthrene, 2-acetylphenanthrene, 10-thioxanthenone, 3-acetylphenanthrene, 3-acetylindole, 9-fluorenone, 1-indanone
- Non-yellowing or slightly yellowing photoinitiators of the phenylglyoxalic acid ester type are, for example, those photoinitiators which decompose upon activation, so-called ⁇ -decayers, such as, for example, benzildialkyl ketal-type photoinitiators, such as, for example, benzil dimethyl ketal.
- Suitable ⁇ -disintegrators are derivatives of benzoin, isobutylbenzoin ethers, phosphine oxides, in particular mono- and bisacylphosphine oxides, for example benzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide, 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide, ⁇ -hydroxyalkylacetophenones, for example 2-hydroxy-2-methylphenylpropanone (D. 1),
- preferred photoinitiators (D) are hydrogen-abstracting photoinitiators, for example of the type of optionally substituted acetophenones, anthraquinones, thioxanthones, benzoic esters or the optionally substituted benzophenones.
- Particularly preferred examples are isopropylthioxanthone, benzophenone, phenylbenzyl ketone, 4-methylbenzophenone, halomethylated benzophenones, anthrone, Michler's ketone (4,4'-bis-N, N-dimethylaminobenzophenone), 4-chlorobenzophenone, 4,4'-dichlorobenzophenone, anthraquinone.
- aqueous dispersions according to the invention are added so much photoinitiator (D) that the weight ratio of radiation-curable polyurethane (A) to photoinitiator (D) in a range from 3: 1 to 10,000: 1, preferably from 5: 1 to 5,000: 1, most preferably in a weight ratio of 10: 1 to 1000: 1.
- the effectiveness of photoinitiators (D) in aqueous dispersions (A) according to the invention can, if desired, be increased by the addition of at least one synergist, for example of at least one amine, in particular of at least one tertiary amine.
- suitable amines are triethylamine, N, N-dimethylethanolamine, N-methylethanolamine, triethanolamine, aminoacrylates, such as, for example, amine-modified polyether acrylates. If one has used amines such as tertiary amines as a catalyst in the synthesis of radiation-curable polyurethane (A) and not separated after the synthesis, as a catalyst used tertiary amine can act as a synergist.
- UV absorbers convert UV radiation into heat energy.
- Suitable UV absorbers are e.g. Oxanilides, triazines and benzotriazole (the latter being available as Tinuvin® grades from Ciba Specialty Chemicals), benzophenones, hydroxybenzophenones, hydroquinone, hydroquinone monoalkyl ethers, such as. Hydroquinone monomethyl ether.
- Radical scavengers bind intermediately formed radicals.
- Suitable radical scavengers are, for example, sterically hindered amines, which are known as HALS (hindered amine light stabilizers). Examples of these are 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 2,6-di-tert-butylpiperidine or derivatives thereof, eg. Bis- (2,2,6,6-tetra-methyl-4-piperidyl) sebacinate.
- HALS hindered amine light stabilizers
- polymerization inhibitor (E) can be added, more preferably up to 0.5% by weight.
- Dispersions according to the invention can be added to one or more further compounds having CC double bonds (F), also referred to below as unsaturated compounds (F).
- unsaturated compounds (F) are, for example, compounds of the general formula I.
- Further particularly suitable unsaturated compounds (F) are those of the general formula F.1.
- R 1, R 2 are identical or different and are independently selected from hydrogen and C r Ci 0 alkyl
- n is an integer from 0 to 2, preferably 1;
- R 8 is selected from C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, such as, for example, nC 4 Hg, nC 3 H 7 , isoC 3 H 7 and preferably C 2 H 5 and CH 3 , or phenyl,
- a 3 , A 4 , A 5 are the same or different and selected from
- C 1 -C 20 -alkylene such as -CH 2 -, -CH (CH 3 ) -, -CH (C 2 H 5 ) -,
- C atoms are replaced by oxygen, such as -CH 2 -O-CH 2 -, - (CHz) 2 -O-CH 2 -, - (CH 2 ) 2 -O- (CH 2 ) 2 -,
- Ci-C 20 -alkylene substituted with up to 4 hydroxyl groups, wherein in
- C r C 20 alkylene are replaced by one to seven each non-adjacent carbon atoms by oxygen, such as -CH 2 -O-CH 2 -CH (OH) - CH 2 -, -CH 2 -O- [CH 2 -CH (OH) -CH 2 1 Z-, -CH 2 -O- [CH 2 -CH (OH) -CH 2 ] 3 -;
- Particularly preferred examples of compounds of the formula F1 are trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, tri (meth) acrylate of triethoxylated tetramethylolpropane, pentaerythritol tri (meth) acrylate and pentaerythritol tetra (meth) acrylate.
- unsaturated compounds (F) are ethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, diethylene glycol (meth) acrylate, triethylene glycol (meth) acrylate, propylene glycol (meth) acrylate, dipropylene glycol di (meth) acrylate and tripropylene glycol di (meth) acrylate.
- unsaturated compounds (F) are partially or exhaustively (meth) acrylated polyols such as partially or exhaustively (meth) acrylated dimeric trimethylolpropane, partially or exhaustively (meth) acrylated dimeric trimethylolethane, partially or exhaustively (meth) acrylated dimer pentaerythritol.
- a total of up to 100% by weight, based on the sum of (A) and (B), of unsaturated compound (F) may be added, preferably up to 50% by weight and more preferably up to 25% by weight. %.
- Aqueous dispersions according to the invention can be used well as or for the preparation of formulations for dyeing or printing substrates, for example for the production of dyeing liquors for pigment dyeing or for the production of printing pastes for pigment printing.
- An object of the present invention is therefore the use of aqueous dispersions of the invention as or for the preparation of formulations for dyeing or printing substrates.
- a process for dyeing or printing substrates using at least one aqueous dispersion according to the invention is provided by the present invention.
- Suitable substrates are:
- cellulosic materials such as paper, paperboard, cardboard, wood and wood-based materials, which may also be painted or otherwise coated, metallic materials such as foils, sheets or workpieces of aluminum, iron, copper, silver, gold, zinc or alloys of these metals which are lacquered or silicate materials such as glass, porcelain and ceramics which may be coated, polymeric materials of all types such as polystyrene, polyamides, polyesters, polyethylene, polypropylene, melamine resins, polyacrylates, polyacrylonitrile, polyurethanes, polycarbonates, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl acetates, Polyvinylpyrrolidones and corresponding copolymers and block copolymers, biodegradable polymers and natural polymers such as gelatin, Leather, both natural leather and artificial leather, as smooth, nappa or suede, food and cosmetics, and in particular
- textile substrates such as fibers, yarns, threads, knits, woven fabrics, non-wovens and made-up articles of polyester, modified polyester, polyester blends, cellulosic materials such as cotton, blended cotton, jute, flax, hemp and ramie, viscose, wool, silk, polyamide, Polyamide blends, polyacrylonitrile, triacetate, acetate, polycarbonate, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, blended fabrics such as polyester / polyurethane blends (eg Lycra®), polyethylene-polypropylene blends, polyester microfibers, and glass fiber fabrics.
- polyester / polyurethane blends eg Lycra®
- polyethylene-polypropylene blends polyester microfibers, and glass fiber fabrics.
- Aqueous dispersions according to the invention are particularly suitable as or for the production of inks for the ink-jet process, in particular of aqueous inks for the ink-jet process.
- Very particularly good aqueous dispersions according to the invention can be used for the preparation of pigment-containing aqueous inks for the ink-jet process.
- Another object of the present invention is thus the use of aqueous dispersions of the invention for the production of inks for the ink-jet process.
- Another object of the present invention is a process for the preparation of inks for the ink-jet process using twistedg of at least one aqueous dispersion according to the invention.
- inks for the ink-jet process are also referred to as ink-jet inks or in short as inks.
- inkjet inks according to the invention contain
- aqueous dispersion according to the invention From 1 to 40% by weight, preferably from 2 to 35% by weight, of aqueous dispersion according to the invention, details in% by weight being based in each case on the total weight of the relevant ink according to the invention.
- aqueous dispersions according to the invention directly as ink-jet inks.
- Inks according to the invention for the ink-jet process may in another embodiment contain at least one additive (G).
- ink-jet inks according to the invention are prepared by diluting waterborne dispersion according to the invention with water and optionally mixing it with one or more additives (G).
- the solids content of ink jet inks according to the invention is adjusted to be in the range from 5 to 40%, preferably to 35%, particularly preferably 10 to 30%.
- inks according to the invention for the ink-jet process may contain one or more organic solvents.
- Low molecular weight polytetrahydrofuran (polyTHF) is a preferred additive (G), it can be used as the sole or preferably in admixture with one or more poorly water-soluble, water-soluble or water-miscible organic solvents.
- Preferably used low molecular weight polytetrahydrofuran usually has an average molecular weight M w of 150 to 500 g / mol, preferably from 200 to 300 g / mol and particularly preferably about 250 g / mol (corresponding to a molecular weight distribution).
- Polytetrahydrofuran can be prepared in a known manner via cationic polymerization of tetrahydrofuran. This produces linear polytetramethylene glycols.
- organic solvents which are generally difficult to evaporate (ie generally have a boiling point> 100 ° C. at atmospheric pressure) and thus have a water-retaining effect are used soluble or miscible with water.
- Suitable solvents are polyhydric alcohols, preferably unbranched and branched polyhydric alcohols having 2 to 8, in particular 3 to 6, carbon atoms, such as ethylene glycol, 1, 2- and 1, 3-propylene glycol, glycerol, erythritol, pentaerythritol, pentitols such as arabitol, adonite and xylitol and hexitols such as sorbitol, mannitol and dulcitol.
- polyhydric alcohols preferably unbranched and branched polyhydric alcohols having 2 to 8, in particular 3 to 6, carbon atoms, such as ethylene glycol, 1, 2- and 1, 3-propylene glycol, glycerol, erythritol, pentaerythritol, pentitols such as arabitol, adonite and xylitol and hexitols such as sorbitol, manni
- polyethylene and polypropylene glycols which are to be understood as including the lower polymers (di-, tri- and tetramers), and their mono- (especially C 1 -C 6 -, in particular C r C 4 -) alkyl ethers.
- Examples are di-, tri- and tetraethylene glycol, diethylene glycol monomethyl, -ethyl, -n-, isopropyl-propyl and -n-butyl ether, triethylene glycol monomethyl, -ethyl, -n-propyl-, iso-propyl and n-butyl ethers, di-, tri- and tetra-1, 2- and -1, 3-propylene glycol and di-, tri- and tetra-1, 2- and -1, 3-propylene glycol monomethyl , -ethyl, -n-propyl, -iso-propyl and -n-butyl ether.
- pyrrolidone and N-alkylpyrrolidones whose alkyl chain preferably contains 1 to 4, especially 1 to 2, carbon atoms.
- alkylpyrrolidones include N-methylpyrrolidone, N-ethylpyrrolidone and N- (2-hydroxyethyl) pyrrolidone.
- solvents 1, 2 and 1, 3-propylene glycol, glycerol, sorbitol, diethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol (M w 300 to 500 g / mol), diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, triethylene glycol monobutyl ether, pyrrolidone, N-methyl-pyrrolidone and N - (2-hydroxyethyl) pyrrolidone.
- Polytetrahydrofuran may also be mixed with one or more (e.g., two, three or four) of the solvents listed above.
- inks for the ink-jet process according to the invention may be 0.1 to 80% by weight, preferably 2 to 60% by weight, more preferably 5 to 50% by weight and most preferably 10 to 40 wt .-%, non-aqueous solvent.
- Non-aqueous solvents as additives (G), in particular also the abovementioned particularly preferred solvent combinations, can advantageously be supplemented by urea (generally from 0.5 to 3% by weight, based on the weight of the colorant preparation), which contains the water-retaining effect of the solvent mixture still reinforced.
- urea generally from 0.5 to 3% by weight, based on the weight of the colorant preparation
- Inventive inks for the ink-jet process may contain further additives (G), as are customary in particular for aqueous ink-jet inks and in the printing and coating industry.
- preservatives such as, for example, 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one (available commercially as Proxel brands from Avecia Lim.) And its alkali metal salts, glutaric dialdehyde and / or tetramethylolacetylenediurea, Protectole®, antioxidants, degasifier / Defoamers such as acetylenediols and ethoxylated acetylenediols, which usually contain 20 to 40 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of acetylenediol and at the same time can also have a dispersing effect, viscosity regulators, leveling agents, wetting agents (eg wetting surfactants based on ethoxylated or propoxylated fatty acid or
- these agents are constituents of inks according to the invention for the ink-jet process, their total amount is generally 2% by weight, in particular 1% by weight, based on the weight of the colorant preparations according to the invention and in particular of the inks according to the invention for the inkjet process. jet process.
- AO represents identical or different alkylene oxide units, for example propylene oxide units, butylene oxide units and in particular ethylene oxide units,
- R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 are each the same or different and selected from C 1 -C 10 -alkyl, unbranched or branched, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, iso-pentyl, sec-pentyl, neo-pentyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl, iso-amyl, n-hexyl, iso-hexyl, sec.
- b is the same or different and selected from integers in the range of 0 to 50, preferably 0 or 1 to 30 and more preferably 3 to 20.
- R 5 or R 7 are methyl.
- R 5 and R 7 are methyl, and R 4 and R 6 are isobutyl.
- variable b is as defined above.
- Inks according to the invention for the ink-jet process may furthermore comprise a further photoinitiator which is not equal to the photoinitiator (D) which can be used in the preparation of aqueous dispersion according to the invention but which is chosen from the abovementioned photoinitiators.
- D photoinitiator
- inks for the ink-jet process according to the invention have a dynamic viscosity in the range from 2 to 80 mPa.s, preferably from 3 to 40 mPa.s, particularly preferably to 25 mPa.s, measured at 23 ° C. according to DIN 53018.
- the surface tension of inks according to the invention for the ink-jet process is 24 to 70 mN / m, in particular 25 to 60 mN / m, measured at 25 ° C. according to DIN 53993.
- the pH of inks according to the invention for the ink-jet process is from 5 to 10, preferably from 7 to 9.
- Ink-jet inks according to the invention show advantageous overall application properties, in particular good write-on behavior and good continuous writing behavior (kogation), and, especially when using the particularly preferred solvent combination, good drying behavior, and result in high-quality printed images, i. high brilliance and color depth and high friction, light, water and wet rub fastness. They are particularly suitable for printing on coated and uncoated paper and textile.
- Another aspect of the present invention is a process for the preparation of inks for the ink-jet process according to the invention.
- the process according to the invention for the production of inks for the ink-jet process is characterized in that at least one aqueous dispersion according to the invention, water and optionally at least one additive (G) are mixed with one another, for example in one or more steps.
- inventive aqueous dispersion water, optionally (C), optionally (D), optionally (E), optionally (F) and optionally (G) is not critical per se.
- At least one radiation-curable polyurethane (A) and at least one polyurethane (C) are synthesized, then dispersed with (B), diluted with water and mixed with one or more of the desired additives (D) , (E), (F) and / or (G).
- At least one radiation-curable polyurethane (A) is synthesized and then dispersed with pigment (B) and at least one of the desired additives (C), (D), (E), (F) and (G).
- At least one radiation-curable polyurethane (A) and at least one polyurethane (C) are synthesized and then dispersed with pigment (B) and at least one of the desired additives (D), (E), (F) and ( G).
- a further aspect of the present invention is a process for printing flat or three-dimensional substrates by the ink-jet process using at least one ink according to the invention for the ink-jet process, also referred to below as printing process according to the invention.
- at least one ink-jet ink according to the invention is printed onto a substrate.
- at least one ink-jet ink according to the invention is printed on a substrate and then treated with actinic radiation.
- the ink-jet process the usually aqueous inks are sprayed in small droplets directly onto the substrate.
- pressure is applied to the ink system either via a piezoelectric crystal or a heated cannula (bubble or thermo-jet method), thus ejecting an ink drop.
- Such procedures are in text. Chem. Color, Vol. 19 (8), pp. 23-29, 1987, and Vol. 21 (6) pp. 27-32, 1989.
- the inks according to the invention for the bubble jet process and for the process by means of a piezoelectric crystal.
- Inventive inks for the inkjet process can be cured by actinic radiation, for example, actinic radiation having a wavelength range of 200 nm to 450 nm is suitable.
- actinic radiation having an energy in the range from 70 mJ / cm 2 to 2000 mJ / cm 2 is suitable.
- Actinic radiation can be useful to introduce, for example, continuously or in the form of lightning.
- temperatures in the range from 30 to 120 ° C. over a period of time in the range from 10 seconds to 24 hours, preferably one to 30 minutes, particularly preferably up to 5 minutes, are suitable.
- IR radiation in a wavelength range above 800 nm is suitable as IR radiation.
- Suitable devices for intermediate drying are, for example, drying ovens or vacuum drying ovens for intermediate thermal drying, furthermore IR lamps.
- the heat developed by the action of actinic radiation can also have an inter-drying effect.
- a further embodiment of the present invention are substrates, in particular textile substrates, which have been printed according to one of the abovementioned printing methods according to the invention and are distinguished by particularly sharply printed images or drawings and by an excellent grip.
- printed substrates according to the invention have few "soft spots”.
- Another object of the present invention are at least partially coated pigments prepared by dispersing at least one pigment (B) and at least one radiation-curable polyurethane (A), wherein radiation-curable poly urethane (A) is obtainable by reacting (a) at least one di- or polyisocyanate which contains on average from 1 to 10 allophanate groups and on average from 1 to 10 C-C double bonds per molecule
- a special object of the present invention are at least partially coated pigments described above, characterized in that di- or polyisocyanate (a) is prepared by reacting at least one di- or polyisocyanate (a1) with at least one compound of general formula I.
- R 1, R 2 are identical or different and are independently selected from hydrogen and C 1 -C 0 -alkyl, X 1 is selected from oxygen and NR 3,
- X 2 selected from hydroxyl and NH-R 3 ,
- R 3 is identical or different and selected from hydrogen, C 1 -C 10 -AlkVl and phenyl.
- a special object of the present invention are at least partially coated pigment, characterized in that radiation-curable polyurethane (A) is prepared by reacting
- R 1 , R 2 are identical or different and independently of one another selected from hydrogen and C 1 -C 10 -alkyl
- X 1 selected from oxygen and NR 3 ,
- X 2 selected from hydroxyl and NH-R 3 ,
- R 3 is identical or different and selected from hydrogen, C 1 -C 10 -alkyl and
- Inventive at least partially coated pigments can be obtained, for example, from aqueous dispersions according to the invention by removing the water, for example by drying, freeze-drying, filtering or a combination of the abovementioned measures.
- At least partially coated pigments according to the invention are particularly suitable for the production of inks for the ink-jet process.
- Another object of the present invention are radiation-curable polyurethanes, prepared by reaction of
- radiation-curable polyurethane (A) according to the invention has a double bond density of 0.1 to 5 mol / kg (A) 1, preferably 0.2 to 3 mol / kg (A), very particularly preferably 0.3 to 2 mol / kg (A), tunable, for example, by determination of the hydrogenation iodine number and by 1 H NMR spectroscopy.
- Radiation-curable polyurethanes according to the invention are particularly suitable for the production of ink-jet inks according to the invention and for the preparation of aqueous dispersions according to the invention.
- the degree of coating of pigments according to the invention was determined by transmission electron microscopy using a freeze-fracture technique. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) was dried by distillation over Na / benzophenone before use. Solids content: The percentages in the context of the present invention always refer to% by weight. Solid contents are always determined in the context of the present invention by drying at 150 ° C. for 30 minutes.
- the reaction was stopped by adding 250 ppm by weight of di- (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate, based on (a.1.1).
- the mixture thus obtained was subsequently freed of unreacted HDI in a thin-layer evaporator at 135 ° C. and 2.5 mbar.
- the diisocyanate (a.1) obtainable in this way had an NCO content of 15% by weight and a dynamic viscosity of 1200 mPa.s at 23 ° C.
- the residual HDI content was below 0.5% by weight.
- the CC double bond density was 2 CC double bonds per
- IPDI isophorone diisocyanate
- IPDI isophorone diisocyanate
- inventive radiation-curable polyurethane (A.3) with an average particle diameter of 30 nm, measured with dynamic light scattering.
- Aqueous dispersions of the invention were prepared on a shaking apparatus (Skandex) with 60 g of glass beads (diameter 0.25-0.5 mm). The
- Table 1 Ingredients and recipe parameters for aqueous dispersions WD.2.1 to WD.2.3 according to the invention
- Biocide 1 20 wt .-% solution of 1, 2-Benziso-thiazolin-3-one in propylene glycol
- the inventive ink T2.1.1 had a pH of 7.5 and a dynamic viscosity of 4.2 mPa-s.
- the ink T2.1.2 according to the invention had a pH of 7.5 and a dynamic viscosity of 4.2 mPa.s. III. Printing tests with inks according to the invention for the ink-jet process
- the ink T2.1.1 or T2.1.2 according to the invention was filled in in each case a cartridge and printed on paper with a printer Mimaki TX2 720 at 720 dpi.
- a printer Mimaki TX2 720 at 720 dpi One received 5 DIN A4 sides without blockage of nozzles. The rubbing fastness tests gave good values.
- the ink according to the invention T2.1.1 or T2.1.2 was printed with a printer Mimaki TX 2 720 at 720 dpi on cotton.
- variant 1 was a thermal drying with subsequent exposure
- variant 2 was an exposure to actinic radiation with subsequent thermal drying
- variant 3 was an exposure to actinic radiation without thermal drying.
- a UV irradiation device from the company IST was used with two different UV emitters: Eta Plus M-400-U2H, Eta Plus M-400-U2HC. It was exposed for 10 seconds and entered an energy of 1000 mJ / cm 2 .
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Abstract
The invention relates to an aqueous dispersion containing a pigment (B) that is at least partially sheathed in at least one radiation-curable polyurethane (A). Said radiation-curable polyurethane (A) is obtained by the reaction of (a) at least one di- or polyisocyanate, which on average contains between 1 and 10 allophanate groups and on average between 1 and 10 C-C double bonds per molecule with (b) at least one additional diisocyanate and (c) at least one compound comprising at least two groups that are capable of reacting with isocyanate.
Description
Mit strahlungshärtbarem Polyurethan zumindest partiell umhüllte Pigmente, ihre Herstellung und VerwendungAt least partially coated with radiation-curable polyurethane pigments, their preparation and use
Beschreibungdescription
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine wässrige Dispersion, enthaltend ein zumindest partiell mit mindestens einem strahlungshärtbaren Polyurethan (A) umhülltes Pigment (B), wobei mindestens ein strahlungshärtbares Polyurethan (A) erhältlich ist durch Umsetzung vonThe present invention relates to an aqueous dispersion containing an at least partially coated with at least one radiation-curable polyurethane (A) pigment (B), wherein at least one radiation-curable polyurethane (A) is obtainable by reacting
(a) mindestens einem Di- oder Polyisocyanat, das im Mittel 1 bis 10 Allophanatgrup- pen und im Mittel 1 bis 10 C-C-Doppelbindungen pro Molekül enthält, mit(a) at least one di- or polyisocyanate which contains on average from 1 to 10 allophanate groups and on average from 1 to 10 C-C double bonds per molecule
(b) mindestens einem weiteren Diisocyanat und(B) at least one further diisocyanate and
(c) mindestens einer Verbindung mit mindestens zwei mit Isocyanat zur Reaktion befähigten Gruppen.(c) at least one compound having at least two isocyanate-reactive groups.
Weiterhin betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung zumindest partiell umhüllte Pigmente, hergestellt durch Dispergieren von mindestens einem Pigment (B) und mindestens einem strahlungshärtbaren Polyurethan (A), wobei strahlungshärtbares Polyurethan (A) er- hältlich ist durch Umsetzung vonFurthermore, the present invention relates to at least partially coated pigments prepared by dispersing at least one pigment (B) and at least one radiation-curable polyurethane (A), wherein radiation-curable polyurethane (A) is obtainable by reacting
(a) mindestens einem Di- oder Polyisocyanat, das im Mittel 1 bis 10 Allophanatgrup- pen und im Mittel 1 bis 10 C-C-Doppelbindungen pro Molekül enthält, mit(a) at least one di- or polyisocyanate which contains on average from 1 to 10 allophanate groups and on average from 1 to 10 C-C double bonds per molecule
(b) mindestens einem weiteren Diisocyanat und (c) mindestens einer Verbindung mit mindestens zwei mit Isocyanat zur Reaktion befähigten Gruppen.(b) at least one further diisocyanate and (c) at least one compound having at least two isocyanate-reactive groups.
Weiterhin betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung die Herstellung von erfindungsgemäßen zumindest partiell umhüllten Pigmenten und erfindungsgemäßen wässrigen Dispersio- nen sowie ihre Verwendung.Furthermore, the present invention relates to the preparation of at least partially coated pigments according to the invention and aqueous dispersions according to the invention and to their use.
Häufig ist man vor die Aufgabe gestellt, Pigmente in flüssigem und insbesondere wäss- rigem Medium zu dispergieren, um sie beispielsweise zu Aufzeichnungsflüssigkeiten und insbesondere Tinten weiterzu verarbeiten. Besonders strenge Anforderungen stellt man dabei an Tinten, die beim Ink-Jet-Verfahren (Tintenstrahldruckverfahren wieIt is frequently the object to disperse pigments in liquid and in particular aqueous medium in order, for example, to further process them into recording liquids and in particular inks. Particularly strict requirements are made of inks used in the ink-jet process (inkjet printing process such as
Thermal Ink Jet, Piezo Ink Jet, Continuous Ink Jet, Valve Jet, Transferdruckverfahren) eingesetzt werden. Sie müssen zum Drucken geeignete Viskosität und Oberflächenspannung aufweisen, sie müssen lagerstabil sein, d.h., sie sollen nicht koagulieren oder flokulieren, und sie dürfen nicht zur Verstopfung der Druckerdüse führen, was insbesondere bei dispergierten, also nicht gelöste Farbmittelteilchen enthaltenden Tinten problematisch sein kann. Die Anforderungen an die Lagerstabilität dieser Aufzeichnungsflüssigkeiten und insbesondere Tinten beinhaltet zusätzlich, dass sich dispergier-
te Farbmittelteilchen nicht absetzen. Weiterhin müssen die Tinten im Falle des Conti- nuous Ink Jet stabil gegen den Zusatz von Leitsalzen sein und bei Erhöhung des Io- nengehaltes keine Tendenz zum Ausflocken zeigen. Außerdem müssen die erhaltenen Drucke den koloristischen Anforderungen genügen, d.h. hohe Brillanz und Farbtiefe zeigen, und gute Echtheiten, z.B. Reibechtheit, Lichtechtheit, Wasserechtheit und Nassreibechtheit, gegebenenfalls nach Nachbehandlung wie beispielsweise Fixierung, und gutes Trocknungsverhalten aufweisen.Thermal Ink Jet, Piezo Ink Jet, Continuous Inkjet, Valve Jet, Transfer Printing). They must be suitable for printing suitable viscosity and surface tension, they must be storage stable, ie, they should not coagulate or flocculate, and they must not lead to clogging of the printer nozzle, which may be particularly problematic for dispersed, so not dissolved colorant particles containing inks. In addition, the storage stability requirements of these recording fluids, and in particular inks, include dispersing do not deposit the colorant particles. Furthermore, in the case of the continuous ink jet, the inks must be stable to the addition of conductive salts and should show no tendency to flocculate when the ion content is increased. In addition, the prints obtained must meet the coloristic requirements, ie show high brilliance and color depth, and have good fastness properties, for example rub fastness, light fastness, waterfastness and wet rub fastness, optionally after aftertreatment such as fixation, and good drying behavior.
Um besonders gute Echtheiten wie beispielsweise Reibechtheit, Nassreibechtheit und Waschechtheit von bedruckten Substraten zu gewährleisten, kann man Drucke durch sogenannte Strahlungshärtung fixieren. Dazu kann man sogenannte strahlungshärtbare Tinten einsetzen, s. beispielsweise US 5,623,001 und EP 0 993 495. Strahlungshärtbare Ink-Jet-Tinten enthalten üblicherweise ein Material, das durch Einstrahlung von aktinischer Strahlung gehärtet werden kann. Außerdem kann man strahlungshärt- baren Ink-Jet-Tinten einen Photoinitiator beifügen.In order to ensure particularly good fastnesses such as, for example, rub fastness, wet rub fastness and washfastness of printed substrates, prints can be fixed by so-called radiation curing. For this you can use so-called radiation-curable inks, s. For example, US 5,623,001 and EP 0 993 495. Radiation curable ink jet inks typically contain a material that can be cured by exposure to actinic radiation. In addition, radiation-curable ink-jet inks can be accompanied by a photoinitiator.
Problematisch ist jedoch, dass in einigen Fällen die Strahlungshärtung nicht gleichmäßig über das bedruckte Substrat erfolgt. Man beobachtet eine sehr gute Aushärtung an einigen Stellen, während an anderen Stellen schlechte Aushärtung festzustellen ist, sogenannte „soft spots". Durch eine ungleichmäßige Aushärtung werden an einigen Stellen die Reibechtheiten verschlechtert, außerdem verschlechtert sich der Griff von bedruckten Substraten, was insbesondere bei bedruckten textilen Substraten unerwünscht ist. Gesucht sind also Tinten für das Ink-Jet-Verfahren, die sich besonders gleichmäßig aushärten lassen.The problem, however, is that in some cases the radiation curing is not uniform over the printed substrate. A very good curing is observed in some places, while other areas show poor curing, so-called "soft spots." Uneven curing will worsen the rubbing fastness in some places, and the feel of printed substrates will deteriorate We are therefore looking for inks for the ink-jet process, which can be cured evenly and uniformly.
Strahlungshärtbare Di- und Polyurethane sind bekannt, beispielsweise aus EP-B 1 144 476 und EP 1 118 627. Die in den vorstehend zitierten Literaturstellen beschriebenen strahlungshärtbaren Polyurethane lassen sich beispielsweise zur Lackierung von Möbeln oder Autos verwenden. Für zahlreiche Anwendungen sind ihre Gebrauchseigenschaften jedoch noch zu verbessern.Radiation-curable di- and polyurethanes are known, for example from EP-B 1 144 476 and EP 1 118 627. The radiation-curable polyurethanes described in the references cited above can be used, for example, for painting furniture or cars. For many applications, however, their performance characteristics are still to be improved.
Es bestand also die Aufgabe, wässrige Dispersionen von Pigmenten bereit zu stellen. Es bestand weiterhin die Aufgabe, Tinten für das Ink-Jet-Verfahren bereit zu stellen, die sich besonders gut durch Einwirkung aktinischer Strahlung aushärten lassen. Wei- terhin bestand die Aufgabe, Verfahren zur Herstellung von Tinten für das Ink-Jet- Verfahren bereit zu stellen. Schließlich bestand die Aufgabe, bedruckte Substrate und insbesondere bedruckte textile Substrate bereit zu stellen, die einen besonders guten Griff und gute Echtheiten aufweisen.It was therefore the object to provide aqueous dispersions of pigments. It was a further object to provide inks for the ink-jet process, which can be cured particularly well by the action of actinic radiation. A further object was to provide processes for the production of inks for the ink-jet process. Finally, the object was to provide printed substrates and in particular printed textile substrates which have a particularly good feel and good fastness properties.
Demgemäß wurden eingangs definierte wässrige Dispersionen gefunden.
Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung werden die Ausdrücke „Tinten für das Ink-Jet- Verfahren" und „Ink-Jet-Tinten" äquivalent verwendet.Accordingly, initially defined aqueous dispersions were found. In the context of the present invention, the terms "inks for the ink-jet process" and "ink-jet inks" are used equivalently.
Unter Polyurethanen sind im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung nicht nur solche Po- lymere zu verstehen, die ausschließlich durch Urethangruppen verknüpft sind, sondern in einem allgemeineren Sinne Polymere, die durch Umsetzung von Di- oder Polyisocy- anaten mit Verbindungen erhalten werden können, die aktive Wasserstoffatome enthalten. Polyurethane im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung können also neben Urethangruppen auch Harnstoff-, Allophanat-, Biuret-, Carbodiimid-, Amid-, Ester, Ether-, Ure- tonimin-, Uretdion-, Isocyanurat- oder Oxazolidingruppen enthalten. Als Übersicht sei beispielhaft genannt: Kunststoffhandbuch/Saechtling, 26. Auflage, Carl-Hanser-Verlag, München 1995, Seite 491 ff. Insbesondere enthalten Polyurethane im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung Allophanatgruppen.In the context of the present invention, polyurethanes are understood to mean not only those polymers which are linked exclusively by urethane groups but, in a more general sense, polymers which can be obtained by reacting di- or polyisocyanates with compounds which are active hydrogen atoms contain. Polyurethanes for the purposes of the present invention may thus contain, in addition to urethane groups, urea, allophanate, biuret, carbodiimide, amide, ester, ether, uretoneimine, uretdione, isocyanurate or oxazolidine groups. An overview may be mentioned by way of example: Kunststoffhandbuch / Saechtling, 26th edition, Carl-Hanser-Verlag, Munich 1995, page 491 ff. In particular, polyurethanes in the context of the present invention contain allophanate groups.
In einer Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung handelt es sich bei strahlungshärtbarem Polyurethan (A) nicht um hyperverzweigtes Polyurethan. Hyperverzweigte Polyurethane sind als solche bekannt und beispielsweise in J. M. S. - Rev. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 1997, C37(3), 555 beschrieben.In one embodiment of the present invention, radiation-curable polyurethane (A) is not hyperbranched polyurethane. Hyperbranched polyurethanes are known as such and described, for example, in J.M.S. - Rev. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 1997, C37 (3), 555.
Erfindungsgemäße wässrige Dispersionen enthalten mindestens ein zumindest partiell mit mindestens einem strahlungshärtbaren Polyurethan (A) umhülltes Pigment (B). Dabei wird im Folgenden unter „zumindest partiell mit mindestens einem strahlungshärtbaren Polyurethan umhülltem Pigment" solches Pigment in partikulärer Form verstanden, dessen äußere Oberfläche vollständig oder teilweise von strahlungshärtba- rem Polyurethan bedeckt ist. Auch Mischungen von Pigment in partikulärer Form, bei denen ein gewisser Prozentsatz der Pigmentpartikel nicht mit strahlungshärtbarem Poly-urethan umhüllt ist und bei denen die äußere Oberfläche der übrigen Pigmentpartikel vollständig oder teilweise von strahlungshärtbarem Polyurethan bedeckt sind, fallen unter die Definition von „zumindest partiell mit mindestens einem strahlungshärtba- ren Polyurethan umhülltem Pigment".Aqueous dispersions of the invention contain at least one pigment (B) at least partially coated with at least one radiation-curable polyurethane (A). In the following, "pigment enveloped at least partially with at least one radiation-curable polyurethane" is understood to mean pigment in particulate form whose outer surface is completely or partially covered by radiation-curable polyurethane, or mixtures of pigment in particulate form, in which a certain percentage the pigment particle is not coated with radiation-curable poly-urethane and in which the outer surface of the remaining pigment particles are completely or partially covered by radiation-curable polyurethane, fall under the definition of "pigment at least partially coated with at least one radiation-curable polyurethane".
In einer Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung sind in zumindest partiell mit mindestens einem strahlungshärtbaren Polyurethan umhülltem Pigment mindestens 10%, bevorzugt mindestens 20% und besonders bevorzugt mindestens 30% der äußeren Oberfläche mit strahlungshärtbarem Polyurethan bedeckt.In one embodiment of the present invention, at least 10%, preferably at least 20% and particularly preferably at least 30% of the outer surface are covered with radiation-curable polyurethane in pigment enveloped at least partially with at least one radiation-curable polyurethane.
Der Grad der Umhüllung lässt sich beispielsweise durch Messung des Zeta-Potenzials, durch mikroskopische Methoden wie beispielsweise Lichtmikroskopie oder Methoden der Elektronenmikroskopie (TEM, Kryo-TEM, SEM) und ganz speziell mit Hilfe der Ge- frierbruchpräparationstechnik, NMR-Spektroskopie oder Photoelektronenspektroskopie an getrocknetem zumindest partiell umhülltem Pigment bestimmen.
Zumindest partiell zu umhüllende Pigmente (B) erhält man im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung durch zumindest partielles Umhüllen von in Wasser praktisch nicht löslichen feinteiligen organischen oder anorganischen Farbmitteln gemäß der Definition in DIN 55944 zu verstehen. Bevorzugt geht man zur Herstellung von erfindungsgemäßen wässrigen Dispersionen von organischen Pigmenten aus, wobei Ruß mit umfasst ist. Im Folgenden sind Beispiele für besonders gut geeignete Pigmente (B) genannt.The degree of cladding can be determined, for example, by measuring the zeta potential, by microscopic methods such as light microscopy or electron microscopy methods (TEM, cryo-TEM, SEM) and more particularly by means of freeze-fracture preparation, NMR spectroscopy or photoelectron spectroscopy determine at least partially coated pigment. In the context of the present invention, at least partially enveloping pigments (B) are obtained by at least partial coating of water-insoluble finely divided organic or inorganic colorants as defined in DIN 55944. Preference is given to the preparation of aqueous dispersions of organic pigments according to the invention, wherein carbon black is included. The following are examples of particularly suitable pigments (B).
Organische Pigmente:Organic pigments:
- Monoazopigmente: Cl. Pigment Brown 25; Cl. Pigment Orange 5, 13, 36 und 67; Cl. Pigment Red 1 , 2, 3, 5, 8, 9, 12, 17, 22, 23, 31 , 48:1 , 48:2, 48:3, 48:4, 49, 49:1 , 52:1 , 52:2, 53, 53:1 , 53:3, 57:1, 63, 112, 146, 170, 184, 210, 245 und 251; Cl. Pigment Yellow 1 , 3, 73, 74, 65, 97, 151 und 183;- monoazo pigments: Cl. Pigment Brown 25; Cl. Pigment Orange 5, 13, 36 and 67; Cl. Pigment Red 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 9, 12, 17, 22, 23, 31, 48: 1, 48: 2, 48: 3, 48: 4, 49, 49: 1, 52: 1, 52: 2, 53, 53: 1, 53: 3, 57: 1, 63, 112, 146, 170, 184, 210, 245 and 251; Cl. Pigment Yellow 1, 3, 73, 74, 65, 97, 151 and 183;
- Disazopigmente: Cl. Pigment Orange 16, 34 und 44;- Disazo pigments: Cl. Pigment Orange 16, 34 and 44;
Cl. Pigment Red 144, 166, 214 und 242;Cl. Pigment Red 144, 166, 214 and 242;
Cl. Pigment Yellow 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 81, 83, 106, 113,Cl. Pigment Yellow 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 81, 83, 106, 113,
126, 127, 155, 174, 176 und 188;126, 127, 155, 174, 176 and 188;
- Anthanthronpigmente: Cl. Pigment Red 168 (Cl. Vat Orange 3);- Anthanthrone pigments: Cl. Pigment Red 168 (Cl. Vat Orange 3);
- Anthrachinonpigmente: Cl. Pigment Yellow 147 und 177; Cl. Pigment Violet 31 ;Anthraquinone pigments: Cl. Pigment Yellow 147 and 177; Cl. Pigment Violet 31;
- Anthrachinonpigmente: Cl. Pigment Yellow 147 und 177; Cl. Pigment Violet 31 ;Anthraquinone pigments: Cl. Pigment Yellow 147 and 177; Cl. Pigment Violet 31;
- Anthrapyrimidinpigmente: Cl. Pigment Yellow 108 (Cl. Vat Yellow 20); - Chinacridonpigmente: Cl. Pigment Red 122, 202 und 206;Anthrapyrimidine pigments: Cl. Pigment Yellow 108 (CI Vat Yellow 20); - Quinacridone pigments: Cl. Pigment Red 122, 202 and 206;
Cl. Pigment Violet 19;Cl. Pigment Violet 19;
- Chinophthalonpigmente: Cl. Pigment Yellow 138;- Quinophthalone pigments: Cl. Pigment Yellow 138;
- Dioxazinpigmente: CI. Pigment Violet 23 und 37;- Dioxazine pigments: CI. Pigment Violet 23 and 37;
- Flavanthronpigmente: Cl. Pigment Yellow 24 (Cl. Vat Yellow 1); - Indanthronpigmente: Cl. Pigment Blue 60 (Cl. Vat Blue 4) und 64Flavanthrone pigments: Cl. Pigment Yellow 24 (CI Vat Yellow 1); - Indanthrone pigments: Cl. Pigment Blue 60 (Cl Vat Blue 4) and 64
(Cl. Vat Blue 6);(Cl.Vat Blue 6);
- Isoindolinpigmente: Cl. Pigment Orange 69; Cl. Pigment Red 260;Isoindoline pigments: Cl. Pigment Orange 69; Cl. Pigment Red 260;
Cl. Pigment Yellow 139 und 185;Cl. Pigment Yellow 139 and 185;
- Isoindolinonpigmente: Cl. Pigment Orange 61 ; Cl. Pigment Red 257 und 260;- isoindolinone pigments: Cl. Pigment Orange 61; Cl. Pigment Red 257 and 260;
Cl. Pigment Yellow 109, 110, 173 und 185;Cl. Pigment Yellow 109, 110, 173 and 185;
- Isoviolanthronpigmente: Cl. Pigment Violet 31 (Cl. Vat Violet 1);Isoviolanthrone pigments: Cl. Pigment Violet 31 (Cl. Vat Violet 1);
- Metallkomplexpigmente: Cl. Pigment Yellow 117, 150 und 153;- metal complex pigments: Cl. Pigment Yellow 117, 150 and 153;
Cl. Pigment Green 8;Cl. Pigment Green 8;
- Perinonpigmente: Cl. Pigment Orange 43 (Cl. Vat Orange 7);- Perinone pigments: Cl. Pigment Orange 43 (Cl. Vat Orange 7);
Cl. Pigment Red 194 (Cl. Vat Red 15);Cl. Pigment Red 194 (Cl. Vat Red 15);
- Perylenpigmente: Cl. Pigment Black 31 und 32;- Perylene pigments: Cl. Pigment Black 31 and 32;
Cl. Pigment Red 123, 149, 178, 179
(Cl. Vat Red 23), 190 (CI. Vat Red 29) und 224; Cl. Pigment Violet 29;Cl. Pigment Red 123, 149, 178, 179 (Cl.Vat Red 23), 190 (CI., Vat Red 29) and 224; Cl. Pigment Violet 29;
- Phthalocyaninpigmente: Cl. Pigment Blue 15, 15:1 , 15:2, 15:3, 15:4, 15:6 und 16;Phthalocyanine pigments: Cl. Pigment Blue 15, 15: 1, 15: 2, 15: 3, 15: 4, 15: 6 and 16;
Cl. Pigment Green 7 und 36;Cl. Pigment Green 7 and 36;
- Pyranthronpigmente: Cl. Pigment Orange 51 ; Cl. Pigment Red 216- Pyranthrone pigments: Cl. Pigment Orange 51; Cl. Pigment Red 216
(Cl. Vat Orange 4);(Cl.Vat Orange 4);
- Thioindigopigmente: Cl. Pigment Red 88 und 181 (Cl. Vat Red 1);- thioindigo pigments: Cl. Pigment Red 88 and 181 (CI Vat Red 1);
Cl. Pigment Violet 38 (Cl. Vat Violet 3);Cl. Pigment Violet 38 (Cl. Vat Violet 3);
- Triarylcarboniumpigmente: Cl. Pigment Blue 1 , 61 und 62; Cl. Pigment Green 1 ;Triaryl carbonium pigments: Cl. Pigment Blue 1, 61 and 62; Cl. Pigment Green 1;
Cl. Pigment Red 81 , 81 :1 und 169; Cl. Pigment Violet 1 , 2, 3 und 27; Cl. Pigment Black 1 (Anilinschwarz); Cl. Pigment Yellow 101 (Aldazingelb); Cl. Pigment Brown 22.Cl. Pigment Red 81, 81: 1 and 169; Cl. Pigment Violet 1, 2, 3 and 27; Cl. Pigment Black 1 (aniline black); Cl. Pigment Yellow 101 (Aldazingelb); Cl. Pigment Brown 22.
Anorganische Pigmente:Inorganic pigments:
- Weißpigmente: Titandioxid (Cl. Pigment White 6), Zinkweiß, Farbenzin- koxid, Bariumsulfat, Zinksulfid, Lithopone; Bleiweiß;- white pigments: titanium dioxide (CI Pigment White 6), zinc white, color zinc oxide, barium sulfate, zinc sulfide, lithopone; White lead;
- Schwarzpigmente: Eisenoxidschwarz (Cl. Pigment Black 11), Eisen- Mangan-Schwarz, Spinellschwarz (Cl. Pigment Black 27); Ruß (Cl. Pigment Black 7);Black pigments: iron oxide black (CI Pigment Black 11), iron manganese black, spinel black (CI Pigment Black 27); Carbon black (CI Pigment Black 7);
- Buntpigmente: Chromoxid, Chromoxidhydratgrün; Chromgrün (Cl. Pigment Green 48); Cobaltgrün (Cl. Pigment Green 50); Ultramaringrün; Kobaltblau (Cl. Pigment Blue 28 und 36); Ultramarinblau; Eisenblau (Cl. Pigment Blue 27); Manganblau; Ultramarinviolett; Kobalt- und Manganviolett; Eisenoxidrot (Cl. Pigment Red 101); Cadmiumsulfose- lenid (Cl. Pigment Red 108); Molybdatrot (Cl. Pigment Red 104); Ultramarinrot;- colored pigments: chromium oxide, chromium oxide hydrate green; Chrome green (CI Pigment Green 48); Cobalt green (CI Pigment Green 50); Ultramarine green; Cobalt blue (CI Pigment Blue 28 and 36); Ultramarine blue; Iron blue (CI Pigment Blue 27); Manganese blue; Ultramarine violet; Cobalt and manganese violet; Iron oxide red (CI Pigment Red 101); Cadmium sulfoselenide (CI Pigment Red 108); Molybdate red (CI Pigment Red 104); ultramarine;
Eisenoxidbraun, Mischbraun, Spinell- und Korundphasen (Cl. Pigment Brown 24, 29 und 31), Chromorange;Iron oxide brown, mixed brown, spinel and corundum phases (CI Pigment Brown 24, 29 and 31), chrome orange;
Eisenoxidgelb (Cl. Pigment Yellow 42); Nickeltitangelb (Cl. Pigment Yellow 53; Cl. Pigment Yellow 157 und 164); Chromtitangelb; Cadmiumsulfid und Cadmiumzink- sulfid (Cl. Pigment Yellow 37 und 35); Chromgelb (Cl. Pigment Yellow 34), Zinkgelb, Erdalkalichromate; Neapelgelb; Bismutvanadat (Cl. Pigment Yellow 184);
- Interferenzpigmente: Metalleffektpigmente auf der Basis beschichteter Metall- plättchen; Perlglanzpigmente auf der Basis metalloxidbe- schichteter Glimmerplättchen; Flüssigkristallpigmente.Iron oxide yellow (CI Pigment Yellow 42); Nickel titanium yellow (CI Pigment Yellow 53, CI Pigment Yellow 157 and 164); Chromium titanium yellow; Cadmium sulfide and cadmium zinc sulfide (CI Pigment Yellow 37 and 35); Chrome yellow (CI Pigment Yellow 34), zinc yellow, alkaline earth dichromates; Naples yellow; Bismuth vanadate (CI Pigment Yellow 184); Interference pigments: metallic effect pigments based on coated metal flakes; Pearlescent pigments based on metal oxide-coated mica platelets; Liquid crystal pigments.
Als bevorzugte Pigmente (B) sind dabei Monoazopigmente (insbesondere verlackte BONS-Pigmente, Naphthol AS-Pigmente), Disazopigmente (insbesondere Diarylgelb- pigmente, Bisacetessigsäureacetanilidpigmente, Disazopyrazolonpigmente), Chinacri- donpigmente, Chinophthalonpigmente, Perinonpigmente, Phthalocyaninpigmente, Tria- rylcarboniumpigmente (Alkaliblaupigmente, verlackte Rhodamine, Farbstoffsalze mit komplexen Anionen), Isoindolinpigmente und Ruße zu nennen.Preferred pigments (B) are monoazo pigments (in particular laked BONS pigments, naphthol AS pigments), disazo pigments (in particular diaryl yellow pigments, bisacetacetic acid acetanilide pigments, disazopyrazolone pigments), quinacridone pigments, quinophthalone pigments, perinone pigments, phthalocyanine pigments, triarylcarbonium pigments (alkali lake pigments, laked rhodamines, dye salts with complex anions), isoindoline pigments and carbon blacks.
Beispiele für besonders bevorzugte Pigmente (B) sind im einzelnen: Ruß, Cl. Pigment Yellow 138, Cl. Pigment Red 122 und 146, Cl. Pigment Violet 19, CI. Pigment Blue 15:3 und 15:4, CI. Pigment Black 7, Cl. Pigment Orange 5, 38 und 43 und Cl. Pig- ment Green 7.Specific examples of particularly preferred pigments (B) are: carbon black, Cl. Pigment Yellow 138, Cl. Pigment Red 122 and 146, Cl. Pigment Violet 19, CI. Pigment Blue 15: 3 and 15: 4, CI. Pigment Black 7, Cl. Pigment Orange 5, 38 and 43 and Cl. Pigment Green 7.
Strahlungshärtbare Polyurethane (A) im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung sind erhältlich durch Umsetzung vonRadiation-curable polyurethanes (A) in the context of the present invention can be obtained by reacting
(a) mindestens einem Di- oder Polyisocyanat, das im Mittel 1 bis 10 Allophanatgrup- pen und im Mittel 1 bis 10 C-C-Doppelbindungen pro Molekül aufweist, wobei Mittelwerte sich vorzugsweise jeweils auf das Zahlenmittel beziehen, mit(a) at least one di- or polyisocyanate which has on average from 1 to 10 allophanate groups and on average from 1 to 10 C-C double bonds per molecule, with average values preferably relating in each case to the number average
(b) mindestens einem weiteren Diisocyanat und(B) at least one further diisocyanate and
(c) mindestens einer Verbindung mit mindestens zwei mit Isocyanat zur Reaktion befähigten Gruppen.(c) at least one compound having at least two isocyanate-reactive groups.
Bei mindestens einem Di- oder Polyisocyanat (a), das im Mittel 1 bis 10, bevorzugt bis 5 Allophanatgruppen und im Mittel pro Molekül 1 bis 10, bevorzugt bis 5 C-C-Doppelbindungen pro Molekül aufweist, wobei Mittelwerte sich jeweils auf das Gewichtsmittel und bevorzugt auf das Zahlenmittel beziehen, handelt es sich um eine Verbindung, die vorzugsweise in Gegenwart eines Katalysators hergestellt wird aus mindestens einem Diisocyanat (a1 ) mit mindestens einer Verbindung der allgemeinen Formel IAt least one di- or polyisocyanate (a), which has on average 1 to 10, preferably 5 allophanate groups and on average per molecule 1 to 10, preferably up to 5 CC double bonds per molecule, wherein averages are each based on the weight average and preferred refer to the number average, it is a compound which is preferably prepared in the presence of a catalyst from at least one diisocyanate (a1) with at least one compound of general formula I.
im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung auch kurz Verbindung (a2) genannt, wobei die Variablen wie folgt definiert sind:
R1, R2 gleich oder verschieden und unabhängig voneinander gewählt aus Wasserstoff und Ci-C-io-Alkyl, wie beispielsweise Methyl, Ethyl, n-Propyl, iso-Propyl, n-Butyl, iso-Butyl, sec.-Butyl, tert.-Butyl, n-Pentyl, iso-Pentyl, sec.-Pentyl, neo- Pentyl, 1 ,2-Dimethylpropyl, iso-Amyl, n-Hexyl, iso-Hexyl, sec.-Hexyl, n-Heptyl, n-Octyl, 2-Ethylhexyl, n-Nonyl, n-Decyl; besonders bevorzugt CrC4-Alkyl wiealso referred to in the context of the present invention as compound (a2), where the variables are defined as follows: R 1 , R 2 are identical or different and are independently selected from hydrogen and C 1 -C 10 -alkyl, such as, for example, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, iso-pentyl, sec-pentyl, neo-pentyl, 1, 2-dimethylpropyl, iso-amyl, n-hexyl, iso-hexyl, sec-hexyl, n-heptyl, n Octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl; particularly preferably C r C 4 -alkyl, such as
Methyl, Ethyl, n-Propyl, iso-Propyl, n-Butyl, iso-Butyl, sec.-Butyl und tert.-Butyl, insbesondere Methyl; X1 gewählt aus Sauerstoff und N-R3,Methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl, especially methyl; X 1 selected from oxygen and NR 3 ,
A1 gewählt aus C1-C2o-Alkylen, bevorzugt C2-C10-Alkylen, beispielsweise -CH2-, -(CHz)12-, -(CH2)14-, -(CHz)16-, -(CH2W-, bevorzugtA 1 selected from C 1 -C 2 o-alkylene, preferably C 2 -C 10 -alkylene, for example -CH 2 -, - (CHz) 12 -, - (CH 2 ) 14 -, - (CHz) 16 -, - (CH 2 W-, preferably
-(CH2)Z-, -(CHz)3-, -(CHz)4-, -(CHz)5-, -(CHz)6-, -(CH2)8-, -(CH2)10-, unsubstituiert oder ein- oder mehrfach substituiert mit CrC4-Alkyl, beispielsweise Methyl, Ethyl, n-Propyl, iso-Propyl, n-Butyl, iso-Butyl, sec.-Butyl oder tert.-Butyl, bevorzugt Methyl, Phenyl oder- (CH 2 ) Z-, - (CHz) 3 -, - (CHz) 4 -, - (CHz) 5 -, - (CHz) 6 -, - (CH 2 ) 8 -, - (CH 2 ) 10 -, unsubstituted or mono- or polysubstituted with C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, for example methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl or tert-butyl, preferably methyl, phenyl or
-O-CrC4-Alkyl, beispielsweise -0-CH3, -0-C2H5, -O-n-C3H7, -O-CH(CH3)z, -O-n-C4H9, -O-iso-C4H9, -O-sec-C4H9, -0-C(CHa)3, an substituiertem CrC20-Alkylen seien beispielsweise genannt -CH(CH3)-, -CH(C2H5)-, -CH(C6H5)-,-CH2-CH(CH3)-, eis- und trans-CH(CH3)-CH(CH3)-, -(CH2)-C(CH3)2-CH2-, -CH2-CH(C2H5)-,-OC r C 4 alkyl, for example, -0-CH3, -0-C 2 H 5, -OnC 3 H 7, -O-CH (CH 3) z, -OnC 4 H 9, -O-iso- C 4 H 9, -O-sec-C 4 H 9, -0-C (CHa) 3, substituted C r C 20 alkylene which may be mentioned -CH (CH 3) -, -CH (C 2 H 5 ) -, -CH (C 6 H 5) -, - CH 2 -CH (CH 3) -, cis- and trans-CH (CH 3) -CH (CH 3) -, - (CH 2) -C ( CH 3 ) 2 -CH 2 -, -CH 2 -CH (C 2 H 5 ) -,
-CH2-CH(n-C3H7)-, -CH2-CH(iso-C3H7)-,-CH 2 -CH (nC 3 H 7 ) -, -CH 2 -CH (iso-C 3 H 7 ) -,
wobei in unsubstituiertem oder substituiertem CrCzo-Alkylen eine oder mehrere nicht-benachbarte CH2-Gruppen durch Sauerstoff ersetzt sein können, bei- spielsweise -CH2-O-CH2-, -(CH2)Z-O-(CHz)2-, -[(CH2J2-O]2-(CH2)Z-,wherein in unsubstituted or substituted C r Czo-alkylene one or more non-adjacent CH 2 groups may be replaced by oxygen, examples game, -CH 2 -O-CH 2 -, - (CH 2) ZO- (CHz) 2 -, - [(CH 2 J 2 -O] 2 - (CH 2 ) Z-,
-[(CH2)2-O]3-(CH2)2-.- [(CH 2 ) 2 -O] 3 - (CH 2 ) 2 -.
X2 gewählt aus NH-R3 und bevorzugt Sauerstoff,X 2 selected from NH-R 3 and preferably oxygen,
R3 verschieden oder vorzugsweise gleich und gewählt aus Wasserstoff, Phenyl undR 3 is different or preferably the same and selected from hydrogen, phenyl and
CrC10-Alkyl wie beispielsweise Methyl, Ethyl, n-Propyl, iso-Propyl, n-Butyl, iso-Butyl, sec.-Butyl, tert.-Butyl, n-Pentyl, iso-Pentyl, sec.-Pentyl, neo-Pentyl, 1 ,2-Dimethylpropyl, iso-Amyl, n-Hexyl, iso-Hexyl, sec.-Hexyl, n-Heptyl, n-Oc- tyl, 2-Ethylhexyl, n-Nonyl, n-Decyl; besonders bevorzugt CrC4-Alkyl wie Methyl, Ethyl, n-Propyl, iso-Propyl, n-Butyl, iso-Butyl, sec.-Butyl und tert.-Butyl, insbesondere Methyl.C 1 -C 10 -alkyl, for example methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, sec-pentyl, neo -Pentyl, 1, 2-dimethylpropyl, iso-amyl, n-hexyl, iso -hexyl, sec-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl; particularly preferably C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl, in particular methyl.
Ganz besonders bevorzugte Verbindungen der allgemeinen Formel I sind 2-Hydroxy- ethyl(meth)acrylat und 3-Hydroxypropyl(meth)acrylat.
Man kann strahlungshärtbares Polyurethan in Abwesenheit oder vorzugsweise in Anwesenheit mindestens eines Katalysators herstellen.Very particularly preferred compounds of the general formula I are 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate and 3-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate. It is possible to prepare radiation-curable polyurethane in the absence or preferably in the presence of at least one catalyst.
Als Katalysatoren kommen beispielsweise alle in der Polyurethanchemie üblicherweise verwendeten Katalysatoren in Betracht.Suitable catalysts are, for example, all catalysts customarily used in polyurethane chemistry.
Üblicherweise in der Polyurethanchemie verwendete Katalysatoren sind bevorzugt organische Amine, insbesondere tertiäre aliphatische, cycloaliphatische oder aromatische Amine, und Lewis-saure organische Metallverbindungen.Catalysts commonly used in polyurethane chemistry are preferably organic amines, especially tertiary aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic amines, and Lewis acidic organic metal compounds.
Als Lewis-saure organische Metallverbindungen kommen z.B. Zinnverbindungen in Frage, wie beispielsweise Zinn-(ll)-salze von organischen Carbonsäuren, z.B. Zinn(ll)- acetat, Zinn(ll)-octoat, Zinn(ll)-ethylhexoat und Zinn(ll)-Iaurat und die Dialkylzinn(IV)- derivate von organischen Carbonsäuren, z.B.Dimethylzinn-diacetat, Dibutylzinn- diacetat, Dibutylzinn-dibutyrat, Dibutylzinn-bis(2-ethylhexanoat), Dibutylzinn-dilaurat, Dibutylzinn-maleat, Dioctylzinn-dilaurat und Dioctylzinn-diacetat. Auch Metallkomplexe wie Acetylacetonate des Eisens, Titans, Aluminiums, Zirkons, Mangans, Nickels und Cobalts sind möglich. Weitere geeignete Metallverbindungen werden von Blank et al. in Progress in Organic Coatings, 1999, 35, 19 ff. beschrieben.As the Lewis acidic organic metal compounds, e.g. Tin compounds, such as tin (II) salts of organic carboxylic acids, e.g. Tin (II) acetate, tin (II) octoate, tin (II) ethyl hexoate and tin (II) laurate and the dialkyltin (IV) derivatives of organic carboxylic acids, eg dimethyl tin diacetate, dibutyltin diacetate, dibutyltin dibutyrate, dibutyltin bis (2-ethylhexanoate), dibutyltin dilaurate, dibutyltin maleate, dioctyltin dilaurate and dioctyltin diacetate. Metal complexes such as acetylacetonates of iron, titanium, aluminum, zirconium, manganese, nickel and cobalt are also possible. Other suitable metal compounds are described by Blank et al. in Progress in Organic Coatings, 1999, 35, 19 et seq.
Bevorzugte Lewis-saure organische Metallverbindungen sind Dimethylzinn-diacetat, Dibutylzinn-dibutyrat, Dibutylzinn-bis(2-ethylhexanoat), Dibutylzinn-dilaurat, Diocytzinn- dilaurat, Zirkon-Acetylacetonat und Zirkon-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptandionat.Preferred Lewis-acidic organic metal compounds are dimethyltin diacetate, dibutyltin dibutyrate, dibutyltin bis (2-ethylhexanoate), dibutyltin dilaurate, diocytotin dilaurate, zirconium acetylacetonate and zirconium 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3, 5-heptanedionate.
Auch Wismut-und Cobaltkatalysatoren sowie Cäsiumsalze können als hydrophile Katalysatoren eingesetzt werden. Als Cäsiumsalze kommen dabei solche Verbindungen in Betracht, in denen folgende Anionen eingesetzt werden: F", CP, CIO", CIO3 ", CIO4 ", Br, J", JO3-, CN", OCN", NO2 ", NO3-, HCO3-, CO3 2-, S2~, SH", HSO3 ", SO3 2" HSO4-, SO4 2", S2O2 2", S2O4 2", S2O5 2-, S2O6 2", S2O7 2-, S2O8 2", H2PO2-, H2PO4-, HPO4 2- PO4 3-, P2O7 4-, (OCnH2n+1)", (CnH2n^O2)-, (CnH2n_3O2)- sowie (Cn+1H2π_2O4)2-, wobei n für die Zahlen 1 bis 20 steht.Also bismuth and cobalt catalysts and cesium salts can be used as hydrophilic catalysts. Suitable cesium salts are those compounds in which the following anions are used: F " , CP, CIO " , CIO 3 " , CIO 4 " , Br, J " , JO 3 -, CN " , OCN " , NO 2 " , NO 3 -, HCO 3 -, CO 3 2 -, S 2 ~ , SH " , HSO 3 " , SO 3 2 " HSO 4 -, SO 4 2" , S 2 O 2 2 " , S 2 O 4 2 " S 2 O 5 2 -, S 2 O 6 2" , S 2 O 7 2 -, S 2 O 8 2 " , H 2 PO 2 -, H 2 PO 4 -, HPO 4 2 - PO 4 3 - , P 2 O 7 4 -, (OC n H 2n + 1 ) " , (C n H 2n ^ O 2 ) -, (C n H 2n _ 3 O 2 ) -, and (C n + 1 H 2π _ 2 O 4 ) 2 -, where n is the numbers 1 to 20.
Bevorzugt sind dabei Cäsiumcarboxylate, bei denen das Anion den Formeln (CnH2n-.-] 02)~ sowie (Cn+1H2π_2O4)2- mit n gleich 1 bis 20, gehorcht. Besonders bevorzug- te Cäsiumsalze weisen als Anionen Monocarboxylate der allgemeinen FormelPreference is given to cesium carboxylates in which the anion (C n + 1 H 2π _ 2 O 4) of formulas (C n H 2n .-] 0 2) ~ as well as 2 -, obeys with n equal to 1 through twentieth Particularly preferred cesium salts have as anions monocarboxylates of the general formula
(CnH2n_i02)- auf, wobei n für die Zahlen 1 bis 20 steht. Hierbei sind insbesondere zu erwähnen Formiat, Acetat, Propionat, Hexanoat und 2-Ethylhexanoat.(C n H 2n _i0 2 ) -, where n is the numbers 1 to 20. Particular mention should be made here of formate, acetate, propionate, hexanoate and 2-ethylhexanoate.
Als übliche organische Amine seien beispielhaft genannt: Triethylamin, 1 ,4-Diazabi- cyclo-[2,2,2]-octan, Tributylamin, Dimethylbenzylamin, N,N,N',N'-Tetramethyl- ethylendiamin, N,N,N',N'-Tetramethylbutan-1 ,4-diamin, N,N,N',N'-Tetramethylhexan- 1 ,6-diamin, Dimethylcyclohexylamin, Dimethyldodecylamin, Pentamethyldipropylentri-
amin, Pentamethyldiethylentriamin, 3-Methyl-6-dimethylamino-3-azapentol, Dimethy- laminopropylamin, 1 ,3-Bisdimethylaminobutan, Bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)ether, N-E- thylmorpholin, N-Methylmorpholin, N-Cyclohexylmorpholin, 2-Dimethylaminoethoxy- ethanol, Dimethylethanolamin, Tetramethylhexamethylendiamin, Dimethylamino-N-me- thylethanolamin, N-Methylimidazol, N-Formyl-N,N'-dimethylbutylendiamin, N-Dimethyl- aminoethylmorpholin, 3,3'-Bis-dimethylamino-di-n-propylamin und/oder 2,2'-Dipipara- zindiisopropylether, Dimethylpiparazin, Tris-(N,N-dimethylaminopropyl)-s-hexahydro- triazin, Imidazole wie 1 ,2-Dimethylimidazol, 4-Chlor-2,5-dimethyl-1-(N-methylamino- ethyl)imidazol, 2-Aminopropyl-4,5-dimethoxy-1 -methylimidazol, 1 -Aminopropyl-2,4,5- tributylimidazol, 1-Aminoethyl-4-hexylimidazol, 1-Aminobutyl-2,5-dimethylimidazol, 1-(3-Aminopropyl)-2-ethyl-4-methylimidazol, 1-(3-Aminopropyl)imidazol und/oder 1-(3-Aminopropyl)-2-methylimidazol.Examples of customary organic amines are: triethylamine, 1,4-diazabicyclo [2,2,2] octane, tributylamine, dimethylbenzylamine, N, N, N ', N'-tetramethylethylenediamine, N, N, N ', N'-tetramethylbutane-1,4-diamine, N, N, N', N'-tetramethylhexane-1,6-diamine, dimethylcyclohexylamine, dimethyldodecylamine, pentamethyldipropylenetriamine amine, pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, 3-methyl-6-dimethylamino-3-azapentol, dimethylaminopropylamine, 1,3-bisdimethylaminobutane, bis (2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether, N-ethylmorpholine, N-methylmorpholine, N-cyclohexylmorpholine, 2-dimethylaminoethoxy ethanol, dimethylethanolamine, tetramethylhexamethylenediamine, dimethylamino-N-methylethanolamine, N-methylimidazole, N-formyl-N, N'-dimethylbutylenediamine, N-dimethylaminoethylmorpholine, 3,3'-bis-dimethylamino-di-n-propylamine and / or 2,2'-diproparaindiisopropyl ether, dimethylpiparazine, tris (N, N-dimethylaminopropyl) -s-hexahydro-triazine, imidazoles, such as 1,2-dimethylimidazole, 4-chloro-2,5-dimethyl-1- (N-methylaminoethyl) imidazole, 2-aminopropyl-4,5-dimethoxy-1-methylimidazole, 1-aminopropyl-2,4,5-tributylimidazole, 1-aminoethyl-4-hexylimidazole, 1-aminobutyl-2,5 dimethylimidazole, 1- (3-aminopropyl) -2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole, 1- (3-aminopropyl) imidazole and / or 1- (3-aminopropyl) -2-methylimidazole.
Bevorzugte organische Amine sind Trialkylamine mit unabhängig voneinander zwei C1- bis C4-Alkylresten und einem Alkyl- oder Cycloalkylrest mit 4 bis 20 Kohlenstoffatomen, beispielsweise Dimethyl-C4-C15-Alkylamin wie Dimethyldodecylamin oder Di- methyl-C3-C8-Cycloalkylamin. Ebenfalls bevorzugte organische Amine sind bicyclische Amine, die gegebenenfalls ein weiteres Heteroatom wie Sauerstoff oder Stickstoff enthalten können, wie beispielsweise 1 ,4-Diazabicyclo-[2,2,2]-octan.Preferred organic amines are trialkylamines having, independently of one another, two C 1 - to C 4 -alkyl radicals and one alkyl or cycloalkyl radical having from 4 to 20 carbon atoms, for example dimethyl-C 4 -C 15 -alkylamine, such as dimethyldodecylamine or dimethyl-C 3 -C 8 -cycloalkylamine. Also preferred organic amines are bicyclic amines, which may optionally contain another heteroatom such as oxygen or nitrogen, such as 1, 4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane.
Besonders bevorzugt setzt man Ammoniumacetat oder Triethylamin und ganz besonders bevorzugt N,N,N-Trimethyl-N-(2-hydroxypropyl)ammonium-2-ethylhexanoat ein.Particular preference is given to using ammonium acetate or triethylamine and very particularly preferably N, N, N-trimethyl-N- (2-hydroxypropyl) ammonium 2-ethylhexanoate.
Selbstverständlich können auch Gemische aus zwei oder mehreren der vorstehend genannten Verbindungen als Katalysatoren eingesetzt werden.Of course, mixtures of two or more of the abovementioned compounds can also be used as catalysts.
Besonders bevorzugt verwendet man solche Katalysatoren, gewählt aus den vorstehend genannten Verbindungen, welche in organischen Lösungsmitteln wie Aceton, Tetrahydrofuran (THF), N-Methylpyrrolidon und/oder N-Ethylpyrrolidon lösliche sind.Particular preference is given to using those catalysts selected from the abovementioned compounds which are soluble in organic solvents such as acetone, tetrahydrofuran (THF), N-methylpyrrolidone and / or N-ethylpyrrolidone.
Katalysator setzt man vorzugsweise in einer Menge von 0,0001 bis 10 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt in einer Menge von 0,001 bis 5 Gew.-% ein, bezogen auf Diisocya- nat (a1).Catalyst is preferably used in an amount of 0.0001 to 10 wt .-%, more preferably in an amount of 0.001 to 5 wt .-%, based on diisocyanate (a1).
Man kann - je nach Beschaffenheit des Katalysators oder der Katalysatoren - den oder die Katalysatoren in fester oder flüssiger Form oder gelöst zusetzen. Geeignete Lösemittel sind mit Wasser nicht mischbare Lösungsmittel wie aromatische oder ali- phatische Kohlenwasserstoffe wie beispielsweise Toluol, Ethylacetat, Hexan und Cy- clohexan sowie Carbonsäureester wie beispielsweise Ethylacetat, weiterhin geeignete Lösemittel sind Aceton, THF und N-Methylpyrrolidon und N-Ethylpyrrolidon. Bevorzugt setzt man den oder die Katalysatoren in fester oder flüssiger Form und ganz besonders
bevorzugt gelöst in organischen Lösungsmitteln wie Aceton, Tetrahydrofuran (THF), N-Methylpyrrolidon oder N-Ethylpyrrolidon zu.You can - depending on the nature of the catalyst or catalysts - add the catalyst or catalysts in solid or liquid form or dissolved. Suitable solvents are water-immiscible solvents such as aromatic or aliphatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, ethyl acetate, hexane and cyclohexane and carboxylic acid esters such as ethyl acetate, further suitable solvents are acetone, THF and N-methylpyrrolidone and N-ethylpyrrolidone. Preference is given to the one or more catalysts in solid or liquid form and especially preferably dissolved in organic solvents such as acetone, tetrahydrofuran (THF), N-methylpyrrolidone or N-ethylpyrrolidone to.
Diisocyanat (a1 ) wählt man beispielsweise aus aliphatischen, aromatischen und cycloaliphatischen Diisocyanaten. Für aromatische Diisocyanate sei beispielhaft genannt: 2,4-Toluylendiisocyanat (2,4-TDI), 2,4'-Diphenylmethandiisocyanat (2,4'-MDI) und sogenannte TDI-Gemische (Gemische von 2,4-Toluylendiisocyanat und 2,6-Tolu- ylendiisocyanat).Diisocyanate (a1) is selected, for example, from aliphatic, aromatic and cycloaliphatic diisocyanates. Examples of aromatic diisocyanates are: 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate (2,4-TDI), 2,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (2,4'-MDI) and so-called TDI mixtures (mixtures of 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate and 2, 6-toluene diisocyanate).
Als aliphatische Diisocyanate seien beispielhaft genannt: 1 ,4-Butylendiisocyanat, 1 ,12-Dodecamethylendiisocyanat, 1 ,10-Decamethylendiisocyanat, 2-Butyl-2-ethyl- pentamethylendiisocyanat, 2,4,4- oder 2,2,4-Trimethylhexamethylendiisocyanat und insbesondere Hexamethylendiisocyanat (HDI).As aliphatic diisocyanates are exemplified: 1, 4-butylene diisocyanate, 1, 12-dodecamethylene diisocyanate, 1, 10-decamethylene diisocyanate, 2-butyl-2-ethyl-pentamethylene diisocyanate, 2,4,4- or 2,2,4-trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate and especially hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI).
Als cycloaliphatische Diisocyanate seien beispielhaft genannt: Isophorondiisocyanat (IPDl), 2-lsocyanatopropylcyclohexylisocyanat, 2,4'-Methylenbis(cyclohexyl)-diiso- cyanat und 4-Methyl-cyclohexan-1 ,3-diisocyanat (H-TDI).Examples which may be mentioned as cycloaliphatic diisocyanates are isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), 2-isocyanatopropylcyclohexyl isocyanate, 2,4'-methylenebis (cyclohexyl) diisocyanate and 4-methylcyclohexane-1,3-diisocyanate (H-TDI).
Weitere Beispiele von Isocyanaten mit Gruppen unterschiedlicher Reaktivität sind 1,3-Phenylendiisocyanat, 1 ,4-Phenylendiisocyanat, 1 ,5-Naphthylendiisocyanat, Diphe- nyldiisocyanat, Tolidindiisocyanat und 2,6-Toluylendiisocyanat.Further examples of isocyanates having groups of different reactivity are 1,3-phenylene diisocyanate, 1,4-phenylene diisocyanate, 1,5-naphthylene diisocyanate, diphenyl diisocyanate, tolidine diisocyanate and 2,6-toluene diisocyanate.
Natürlich kann man Mischungen der vorstehend genannten Diisocyanate einsetzen.Of course, one can use mixtures of the above diisocyanates.
Diisocyanat (a1 ) und Verbindung (a2) kann man in Molverhältnissen von beispielsweise 10:1 bis 1 :1 , bevorzugt 5:1 bis 5:4 einsetzen.Diisocyanate (a1) and compound (a2) can be used in molar ratios of, for example, 10: 1 to 1: 1, preferably 5: 1 to 5: 4.
In einer Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung kann man Diisocyanat (a1) und Verbindung (a2) bei Temperaturen im Bereich von 200C bis 1500C miteinander umset- zen, bevorzugt 50 bis 1300C.In one embodiment of the present invention, diisocyanate (a1) and compound (a2) zen implementation with each other at temperatures ranging from 20 0 C to 150 0 C, preferably 50 to 130 0 C.
In einer Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung kann man Diisocyanat (a1 ) und Verbindung (a2) in Lösungsmittel, vorzugsweise in einem organischen Lösungsmittel oder einem Gemisch von organischen Lösungsmitteln wie beispielsweise Toluol, Ace- ton oder Tetrahydrofuran oder Mischungen der vorgenannten Lösungsmittel umsetzen. In einer anderen Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung verzichtet man bei der Umsetzung von Diisocyanat (a1 ) mit Verbindung (a2) auf den Einsatz von Lösungsmittel.In one embodiment of the present invention, diisocyanate (a1) and compound (a2) can be reacted in a solvent, preferably in an organic solvent or a mixture of organic solvents such as toluene, acetone or tetrahydrofuran or mixtures of the abovementioned solvents. In another embodiment of the present invention, the use of solvent is dispensed with in the reaction of diisocyanate (a1) with compound (a2).
In einer Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung wählt man bei der Umsetzung von Diisocyanat (a1 ) mit Verbindung (a2) die Reaktionsbedingungen, beispielsweise die Molverhältnisse von Diisocyanat (a1) und Verbindung (a2), so, dass Diisocyanat (a)
2 Isocyanatgruppen und 1 bis 10 Allophanatgruppen und 1 bis 10 C-C-Doppel- bindungen, aber keine O-CO-NH-Gruppen aufweist. In einer anderen Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung wählt man bei der Umsetzung von Diisocyanat (a1 ) mit Verbindung (a2) die Reaktionsbedingungen, beispielsweise die Molverhältnisse von Diisocyanat (a1 ) und Verbindung (a2), so, dass Diisocyanat (a) 2 Isocyanatgruppen und 1 bis 9 Allophanatgruppen und 1 bis 9 C-C-Doppelbindungen und außerdem eine oder mehrere O-CO-NH-Gruppen aufweist.In one embodiment of the present invention, in the reaction of diisocyanate (a1) with compound (a2), the reaction conditions, for example the molar ratios of diisocyanate (a1) and compound (a2), are chosen such that diisocyanate (a) 2 isocyanate groups and 1 to 10 allophanate groups and 1 to 10 CC double bonds, but no O-CO-NH groups has. In another embodiment of the present invention, in the reaction of diisocyanate (a1) with compound (a2), the reaction conditions, for example, the molar ratios of diisocyanate (a1) and compound (a2), are such that diisocyanate (a) 2 isocyanate groups and 1 to 9 allophanate groups and 1 to 9 CC double bonds and also has one or more O-CO-NH groups.
Man kann nach beendeter Umsetzung von Diisocyanat (a1 ) mit Verbindung (a2) Di- oder Polyisocyanat (a) isolieren, beispielsweise durch Abtrennen von nicht umgesetzten Ausgangsmaterialien wie Diisocyanat (a1 ) oder Verbindung (a2). Eine geeignete Methode der Abtrennung von nicht umgesetzten Ausgangsmaterialien wie Diisocyanat (a1 ) und Verbindung (a2) ist das Abdestillieren, vorzugsweise bei vermindertem Druck. Ganz besonders geeignet sind Dünnschichtverdampfer. Bevorzugt verzichtet man auf das Abdestillieren von nicht umgesetztem Diisocyanat (a1).After completion of the reaction of diisocyanate (a1) with compound (a2), it is possible to isolate di- or polyisocyanate (a), for example by separating unreacted starting materials, such as diisocyanate (a1) or compound (a2). A suitable method of separating unreacted starting materials, such as diisocyanate (a1) and compound (a2), is distilling off, preferably at reduced pressure. Especially suitable are thin-film evaporators. Preference is given to the distilling off unreacted diisocyanate (a1).
In einer Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung hat Di- oder Polyisocyanat (a) eine dynamische Viskosität bei 23° im Bereich von 500 bis 2000 mPa-s, bevorzugt 600 bis 1800 mPa-s, ganz besonders bevorzugt 700 bis 1500 mPa-s.In one embodiment of the present invention, di- or polyisocyanate (a) has a dynamic viscosity at 23 ° in the range of 500 to 2000 mPa · s, preferably 600 to 1800 mPa · s, most preferably 700 to 1500 mPa · s.
In einer Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung hat Di- oder Polyisocyanat (a) einen NCO-Gehalt im Bereich von 8 bis 20 Gew.-%, bevorzugt 12 bis 17 Gew.-%, bestimmbar beispielsweise durch Titration.In one embodiment of the present invention, di- or polyisocyanate (a) has an NCO content in the range of 8 to 20% by weight, preferably 12 to 17% by weight, determinable for example by titration.
Zur Darstellung von strahlungshärtbarem Polyurethan (A) setzt man Di- oder Polyisocyanat (a) mit mindestens einem weiteren Diisocyanat (b) um. Diisocyanat (b) kann man aus den oben genannten aliphatischen, aromatischen und cycloaliphatischen Dii- socyanaten wählen. Diisocyanat (b) ist von Diisocyanat (a) verschieden und wird im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung daher als „weiteres Diisocyanat" bezeichnet.To prepare radiation-curable polyurethane (A), di- or polyisocyanate (a) is reacted with at least one further diisocyanate (b). Diisocyanate (b) can be selected from the abovementioned aliphatic, aromatic and cycloaliphatic diisocyanates. Diisocyanate (b) is different from diisocyanate (a) and is therefore referred to in the context of the present invention as "further diisocyanate".
In einer Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung wählt man Diisocyanat (b) so, dass es von Diisocyanat (a1 ) verschieden ist.In one embodiment of the present invention, diisocyanate (b) is selected to be different from diisocyanate (a1).
In einer Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung wählt man Diisocyanat (b) so, dass es gleich Diisocyanat (a1 ) ist. In einer speziellen Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung geht man so vor, dass man Diisocyanat (b) gleich Diisocyanat (a1 ) wählt, indem man nach beendeter Herstellung von Diisocyanat (a) nicht von nicht verbrauchtem Diisocyanat (a1 ) abtrennt.In one embodiment of the present invention, diisocyanate (b) is chosen to be equal to diisocyanate (a1). In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the procedure is to select diisocyanate (b) equal to diisocyanate (a1) by not separating from unused diisocyanate (a1) after the preparation of diisocyanate (a) has ended.
Zur Darstellung von strahlungshärtbarem Polyurethan (A) setzt man weiterhin mit mindestens einer Verbindung mit mindestens zwei mit Isocyanat zur Reaktion befähigten Gruppen (c) um, die im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung auch als Verbindung (c)
bezeichnet wird. Besonders gut zur Reaktion mit Isocyanat befähigte Gruppen sind beispielsweise die SH-Gruppe, die Hydroxylgruppe, die NH2-Gruppe und die NHR3-Gruppe, in der R3 wie oben genannt definiert ist.For the preparation of radiation-curable polyurethane (A), the reaction is furthermore carried out with at least one compound having at least two isocyanate-reactive groups (c), which in the context of the present invention are also used as compound (c). referred to as. For example, the SH group, the hydroxyl group, the NH 2 group and the NHR 3 group in which R 3 is defined as mentioned above are particularly well-suited for reaction with isocyanate groups.
Verbindung (c) kann hydrophil oder hydrophob sein.Compound (c) may be hydrophilic or hydrophobic.
Vorzugsweise wählt man mindestens eine Verbindung (c) ausPreferably, at least one compound (c) is selected
1 ,1 ,1-Trimethylol-CrC^AIkylcarbonsäuren, beispielsweise 1 ,1 ,1-Trimethylolessig- säure, 1 ,1,1 -Trimethylolpropansäure, 1 ,1 ,1 -Trimethylolbuttersäure, Zitronensäure,1,1,1-trimethylol-C 1 -C -alkylcarboxylic acids, for example 1,1,1-trimethylolacetic acid, 1,1,1-trimethylolpropanoic acid, 1,1,1-trimethylolbutyric acid, citric acid,
1 , 1 -Dimethylol-CrC^Alkylcarbonsäuren, beispielsweise 1 , 1 -Dimethylolessigsäure,1,1-dimethylol-C 1 -C 4 -alkylcarboxylic acids, for example 1,1-dimethylolacetic acid,
1 ,1-Dimethylolpropansäure, 1 , 1-Dimethylolbuttersäure,1, 1-dimethylolpropanoic acid, 1, 1-dimethylol butyric acid,
1 ,1-DimethyIol-CrC4-Alkylsulfonsäuren,1, 1-DimethyIol-C r C 4 alkyl sulfonic acids,
Poly-C2-C3-alkylenglykolen mit im Mittel 3 bis 300 Alkylenoxideinheiten pro Molekül, insbesondere Polyethylenglykol mit im Mittel (Zahlenmittel) 3 bis 300 Ethylenoxidein- heiten pro Molekül und Polyadditionsprodukte von Ethylenoxid und Propylenoxid mit im Mittel (Zahlenmittel) 3 bis 300 Ethylenoxideinheiten pro Molekül und einem molaren Anteil von Ethylenoxid, der höher ist als er Anteil an Propylenoxid;Poly-C 2 -C 3 -alkylene glycols having on average 3 to 300 alkylene oxide units per molecule, in particular polyethylene glycol having an average (number average) 3 to 300 ethylene oxide units per molecule and polyaddition products of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide with an average (number average) 3 to 300 Ethylene oxide units per molecule and a molar proportion of ethylene oxide which is higher than the proportion of propylene oxide;
hydrophile Diamine mit COOM- oder SO3M-Gruppen, beispielsweisehydrophilic diamines with COOM or SO 3 M groups, for example
wobei M jeweils gewählt wird aus Alkalimetallionen, insbesondere Na+, und Ammo- niumionen,where M is selected in each case from alkali metal ions, in particular Na + , and ammonium ions,
Polyesterdiolen, die herstellbar sind durch Polykondensation vonPolyester diols, which are produced by polycondensation of
mindestens einem aliphatischen oder cycloaliphatischen Diol, bevorzugt Ethylenglykol, 1 ,4-Butandiol, 1 ,6-Hexandiol, eis- und trans-1 ,4-Cyclohexandiol, eis- und trans-1 ,4-Di- hydroxymethylcyclohexan (Cylohexandimethanol), mit mindestens einer aliphatischen, aromatischen oder cycloaliphatischen Dicarbon- säure, beispielsweise Bernsteinsäure, Glutarsäure, Adipinsäure, Cyclohexan-1 ,4-di- carbonsäure, Terephthalsäure, Isophthalsäure.at least one aliphatic or cycloaliphatic diol, preferably ethylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, cis- and trans-1,4-cyclohexanediol, cis- and trans-1,4-dihydroxymethylcyclohexane (cyclohexanedimethanol), with at least one aliphatic, aromatic or cycloaliphatic dicarboxylic acid, for example succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, cyclohexane-1, 4-dicarboxylic acid, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid.
In einer Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung wählt man mindestens zwei Di- carbonsäuren zur Herstellung von Polyesterdiol, von denen eine aromatisch und die andere aliphatisch ist, beispielsweise Bemsteinsäure und Isophthalsäure, Glutarsäure und Isophthalsäure, Adipinsäure und Isophthalsäure, Bernsteinsäure und Terephthal- säure, Glutarsäure und Terephthalsäure, Adipinsäure und Terephthalsäure.
Wünscht man zur Herstellung von Polyesterdiol zwei oder mehr Dicarbonsäuren einzusetzen, so kann man beliebige Molverhältnisse wählen. Wünscht man eine aromatische und eine aliphatische Dicarbonsäure einzusetzen, so ist ein Molverhältnis im Be- reich von 10 : 1 bis 1 : 10 bevorzugt, besonders ist ein Molverhältnis im Bereich von 1 ,5 : 1 bis 1 : 1 ,5.In one embodiment of the present invention, at least two dicarboxylic acids are used to prepare polyester diol, one being aromatic and the other aliphatic, for example succinic and isophthalic, glutaric and isophthalic, adipic and isophthalic, succinic and terephthalic, glutaric and terephthalic acids , Adipic acid and terephthalic acid. If it is desired to use two or more dicarboxylic acids for the preparation of polyesterdiol, then one can choose any desired molar ratios. If it is desired to use an aromatic and an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid, a molar ratio in the range from 10: 1 to 1:10 is preferred, in particular a molar ratio in the range from 1.5: 1 to 1: 1.5.
In einer Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung haben als Verbindung (c) eingesetzte Polyesterdiole eine Hydroxylzahl im Bereich von 20 bis 200 mg KOH/g, bevor- zugt 50 bis 180 ganz besonders bevorzugt 100 bis 160 mg KOH/g, bestimmt nach DIN 53240.In one embodiment of the present invention, polyester diols used as compound (c) have a hydroxyl number in the range of 20 to 200 mg KOH / g, preferably 50 to 180 very particularly preferably 100 to 160 mg KOH / g, determined according to DIN 53240.
In einer Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung haben als Verbindung (c) eingesetzte Polyesterdiole ein Molekulargewicht Mw im Bereich von 500 bis 100.000 g/mol, bevorzugt 700 bis 50.000 g/mol, besonders bevorzugt bis 30.000 g/mol.In one embodiment of the present invention, polyester diols used as compound (c) have a molecular weight M w in the range from 500 to 100,000 g / mol, preferably 700 to 50,000 g / mol, particularly preferably up to 30,000 g / mol.
Weitere geeignete Verbindungen (b) sind Ethanolamin, Diethanolamin, Neopentylgly- col, 1,4-Butandiol, 1,6-Hexandiol, 1,1-Dimethylolpropan.Further suitable compounds (b) are ethanolamine, diethanolamine, neopentyl glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,1-dimethylolpropane.
In einer Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung setzt man mit mindestens zwei Verbindungen (c) um, von denen eine gewählt wird aus Ethanolamin, Diethanolamin, Neopentylglycol, 1 ,4-Butandiol, 1 ,6-Hexandiol, 1 ,1-Dimethylolpropan.In one embodiment of the present invention, at least two compounds (c) are reacted, one of which is selected from ethanolamine, diethanolamine, neopentyl glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,1-dimethylolpropane.
In einer Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung kann man zur Synthese von strahlungshärtbarem Polyurethan (A)In one embodiment of the present invention, the synthesis of radiation-curable polyurethane (A) can be carried out.
(a) weiterhin mindestens eine Verbindung der allgemeinen Formel I zusetzen, und zwar bei der Umsetzung von(A) continue to add at least one compound of general formula I, in the implementation of
(b) mindestens einem Di- oder Polyisocyanat, das im Mittel 1 bis 10 Allophanatgrup- pen und im Mittel 1 bis 10 C-C-Doppelbindungen pro Molekül enthält, mit(B) at least one di- or polyisocyanate containing an average of 1 to 10 Allophanatgrup- pen and an average of 1 to 10 C-C double bonds per molecule, with
(c) mindestens einem weiteren Diisocyanat und(c) at least one further diisocyanate and
(d) mindestens einer Verbindung mit mindestens zwei mit Isocyanat zur Reaktion befähigten Gruppen.(d) at least one compound having at least two isocyanate-reactive groups.
Verbindungen der Formel I sind vorstehend beschrieben.Compounds of the formula I are described above.
Dabei kann man als Verbindung (d) der allgemeinen Formel I eine andere Verbindung der allgemeinen Formel I einsetzen als zur Herstellung von Di- oder Polyisocyanat (a), das im Mittel 1 bis 10 Allophanatgruppen und im Mittel 1 bis 10 C-C-Doppelbindungen pro Molekül enthält, eingesetzt. Vorzugsweise sind jedoch Verbindung (d) und Verbindung (a2) identisch.
Zur Durchführung der Synthese von strahlungshärtbarem Polyurethan (A) kann man nach an sich bekannten Methoden der Polyurethanchemie vorgehen.In this case, it is possible to use as compound (d) of the general formula I another compound of the general formula I than for the preparation of diisocyanate or polyisocyanate (a) containing on average from 1 to 10 allophanate groups and on average from 1 to 10 carbon double bonds per molecule contains, used. Preferably, however, compound (d) and compound (a2) are identical. To carry out the synthesis of radiation-curable polyurethane (A), it is possible to proceed according to methods of polyurethane chemistry known per se.
In einer Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung kann man Di- oder Polyisocyanat (a), weiteres Diisocyanat (b) und Verbindung (c) und gegebenenfalls weiterer Verbindung der allgemeinen Formel I (d) kann man in folgenden Gewichtsverhältnissen einsetzen, jeweils bezogen auf gesamtes strahlungshärtbares Polyurethan (A):In one embodiment of the present invention, di- or polyisocyanate (a), further diisocyanate (b) and compound (c) and optionally further compound of the general formula I (d) can be used in the following weight ratios, in each case based on the total radiation-curable polyurethane (A):
0,1 bis 10 Gew.-%, bevorzugt 1 bis 6 Gew.-% Di- oder Polyisocyanat (a), 20 bis 60 Gew.-%, bevorzugt 30 bis 55 Gew.-% weiteres Diisocyanat (b), 3 bis 20 Gew.-%, bevorzugt 5 bis 15 Gew.-% Verbindung (c), 0 bis 20 Gew.-%, bevorzugt 5 bis 15 Gew.-% Verbindung der allgemeinen Formel I (d).0.1 to 10 wt .-%, preferably 1 to 6 wt .-% di- or polyisocyanate (a), 20 to 60 wt .-%, preferably 30 to 55 wt .-% further diisocyanate (b), 3 bis 20 wt .-%, preferably 5 to 15 wt .-% of compound (c), 0 to 20 wt .-%, preferably 5 to 15 wt .-% compound of general formula I (d).
Dabei sind Angaben in Gew.-% jeweils auf gesamtes zu synthetisierendes strahlungs- härtbares Polyurethan (A) bezogen.Data in% by weight are in each case based on the total of the radiation-curable polyurethane (A) to be synthesized.
In einer bevorzugten Variante der vorliegenden Erfindung setzt man zur Herstellung von strahlungshärtbarem Polyisocyanat (A) neben Di- oder Polyisocyanat (a), weiterem Diisocyanat (b) und Verbindung (c) und gegebenenfalls weiterer Verbindung der allge- meinen Formel I (d) noch mit mindestens einem nucleophilen Alkohol oder Amin, vorzugsweise Monoalkohol oder Monoamin, um, das bzw. der auch als Stopper dienen kann und im Folgenden als Stopper (e) bezeichnet wird. Beispiele für geeignete Stopper (e) sind Mono- und Di-CrC4-alkylamine, insbesondere Diethylamin. Man kann bis zu 10 Gew.-% Stopper (e) einsetzen, bezogen auf zu synthetisierendes strahlungs- härtbares Polyurethan (A).In a preferred variant of the present invention, in addition to di- or polyisocyanate (a), further diisocyanate (b) and compound (c) and optionally further compound of general formula I (d), the preparation of radiation-curable polyisocyanate (A) is also used with at least one nucleophilic alcohol or amine, preferably monoalcohol or monoamine, which can also serve as a stopper and is referred to below as stopper (e). Examples of suitable stoppers (e) are mono- and di-C 1 -C 4 -alkylamines, in particular diethylamine. It is possible to use up to 10% by weight of stopper (s), based on radiation-curable polyurethane (A) to be synthesized.
Man kann die Herstellung von strahlungshärtbarem Polyurethan (A) aus Di- oder Polyisocyanat (a), weiterem Diisocyanat (b), Verbindung (c) und gegebenenfalls weiterer Verbindung der allgemeinen Formel I (d) und gegebenenfalls Stopper (e) in einer Stufe oder in mehreren Stufen durchführen. Beispielsweise kann man Di- oder Polyisocyanat (a), weiteres Diisocyanat (b) und Verbindung (c) in einer ersten Stufe umsetzen, vorzugsweise unter Verwendung eines Katalysators, die Reaktion abstoppen und danach erneut Diisocyanat (b) und Verbindung der allgemeinen Formel I (d) und gegebenenfalls Stopper (e) zugeben. Es ist beispielsweise auch möglich, Di- oder Polyisocyanat (a), weiteres Diisocyanat (b) und Verbindung (c) miteinander umzusetzen, wobei man einen Überschuss an weiterem Diisocyanat (b) wählt, und die Reaktion durch Zugabe von Stopper (e) zu stoppen.The preparation of radiation-curable polyurethane (A) from di- or polyisocyanate (a), further diisocyanate (b), compound (c) and optionally further compound of general formula I (d) and optionally stopper (e) in one stage or in several stages. For example, it is possible to react di- or polyisocyanate (a), further diisocyanate (b) and compound (c) in a first stage, preferably by using a catalyst, stopping the reaction and then again diisocyanate (b) and compound of the general formula I ( d) and optionally stopper (e). It is also possible, for example, to react di- or polyisocyanate (a), further diisocyanate (b) and compound (c) with one another, selecting an excess of further diisocyanate (b), and adding the reaction by adding stopper (e) to stop.
In einer Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung kann man Di- oder Polyisocyanat (a), weiteres Diisocyanat (b), Verbindung (c) und gegebenenfalls weitere Verbindung der allgemeinen Formel I (d) und gegebenenfalls Stopper (e) in Lösungsmittel, vorzugsweise in einem organischen Lösungsmittel oder einem Gemisch von organischen
Lösungsmitteln wie beispielsweise Toluol, Aceton oder Tetrahydrofuran oder Mischungen der vorgenannten Lösungsmittel. In einer anderen Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung verzichtet man bei der Umsetzung von Di- oder Polyisocyanat (a), weiterem Diisocyanat (b), Verbindung (c) und gegebenenfalls weiterer Verbindung der all- gemeinen Formel I (d) und gegebenenfalls Stopper (e) auf den Einsatz von Lösungsmittel.In one embodiment of the present invention can di- or polyisocyanate (a), further diisocyanate (b), compound (c) and optionally further compound of general formula I (d) and optionally stopper (s) in solvent, preferably in an organic Solvent or a mixture of organic Solvents such as toluene, acetone or tetrahydrofuran or mixtures of the aforementioned solvents. In another embodiment of the present invention, the reaction of di- or polyisocyanate (a), further diisocyanate (b), compound (c) and optionally further compound of the general formula I (d) and optionally stopper (e) is dispensed with. on the use of solvents.
In einer Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung kann man Di- oder Polyisocyanat (a), weiteres Diisocyanat (b) und Verbindung (c) und gegebenenfalls weiterer Verbin- düng der allgemeinen Formel I (d) und gegebenenfalls Stopper (e) bei Temperaturen im Bereich von 2O0C bis 1500C miteinander umsetzen, bevorzugt 20 bis 800C.In one embodiment of the present invention, di- or polyisocyanate (a), further diisocyanate (b) and compound (c) and optionally further compounds of the general formula I (d) and optionally stopper (e) at temperatures in the range of 2O 0 C to 150 0 C with each other, preferably 20 to 80 0 C.
Zur Beschleunigung der Umsetzung von Di- oder Polyisocyanat (a), weiterem Diisocyanat (b), Verbindung (c) und gegebenenfalls weiterer Verbindung der allgemeinen Formel I (d) und gegebenenfalls Stopper (e) kann man einen oder mehrere Katalysatoren einsetzen, den bzw. die man vorteilhaft aus den vorstehend genannten Katalysatoren wählt.To accelerate the reaction of di- or polyisocyanate (a), further diisocyanate (b), compound (c) and optionally further compound of the general formula I (d) and optionally stopper (e) it is possible to use one or more catalysts, the or which is advantageously selected from the catalysts mentioned above.
Man kann nach beendeter Umsetzung von Di- oder Polyisocyanat (a), weiterem Diiso- cyanat (b), Verbindung (c) und gegebenenfalls weiterer Verbindung der allgemeinen Formel I (d) und gegebenenfalls Stopper (e) strahlungshärtbares Polyurethan (A) isolieren, beispielsweise durch Abtrennen von nicht umgesetzten Ausgangsmaterialien wie Diisocyanat (b), Verbindung (c) und gegebenenfalls weiterer Verbindung der allgemeinen Formel I (d) und gegebenenfalls Stopper (e). Eine geeignete Methode der Abtrennung von nicht umgesetzten Ausgangsmaterialien wie (b) und (c) und gegebenenfalls (d) und (e) ist das Abdestillieren, vorzugsweise bei vermindertem Druck. Ganz besonders geeignet sind Dünnschichtverdampfer. Bevorzugt verzichtet man auf das Abdestillieren von nicht umgesetztem Diisocyanat (b).After completion of the reaction of di- or polyisocyanate (a), further diisocyanate (b), compound (c) and optionally further compound of general formula I (d) and optionally stopper (e), it is possible to isolate radiation-curable polyurethane (A), for example, by separating unreacted starting materials such as diisocyanate (b), compound (c) and optionally further compound of general formula I (d) and optionally stopper (s). A suitable method of separating unreacted starting materials such as (b) and (c) and optionally (d) and (e) is distilling off, preferably at reduced pressure. Especially suitable are thin-film evaporators. Preference is given to the distilling off unreacted diisocyanate (b).
Das Molekulargewicht Mw der für die vorliegende Erfindung zu verwendenden strahlungshärtbaren Polyurethane (A) kann beispielsweise 500 bis maximal 50.000 g/mol betragen, bevorzugt 1.000 bis 30.000 g/mol, besonders bevorzugt 2.000 bis 25.000 g/mol und ganz besonders bevorzugt mindestens 2.000 g/mol, bestimmt beispielsweise durch Gelpermeationschromatographie (GPC).The molecular weight M w of the radiation-curable polyurethanes (A) to be used for the present invention may be, for example, 500 to at most 50,000 g / mol, preferably 1,000 to 30,000 g / mol, more preferably 2,000 to 25,000 g / mol, and most preferably at least 2,000 g / mol, determined for example by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung enthält strahlungshärtbares Polyurethan (A) keine freien NCO-Gruppen.In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, radiation-curable polyurethane (A) contains no free NCO groups.
Nach erfolgter Umsetzung von Di- oder Polyisocyanat (a), weiterem Diisocyanat (b) und Verbindung (c) und gegebenenfalls (d) und gegebenenfalls Stopper (e) kann man Wasser zugeben, beispielsweise in einem Gewichtsverhältnis strahlungshärtbares Polyurethan (A) zu Wasser im Bereich von 1 : 1 bis 1 : 10.
Nach erfolgter Umsetzung von Di- oder Polyisocyanat (a), weiterem Diisocyanat (b) und Verbindung (c) und gegebenenfalls (d) und Stopper (e) kann man Gruppen, die über ausreichend acide H-Atome verfügen, durch Behandlung mit Basen in die entsprechenden Salze überführen. Gut geeignete Basen sind beispielsweise Hydroxide und Hydrogencarbonate von Alkalimetallen oder Erdalkalimetallen oder die Carbonate von Alkalimetallen. Weitere gut geeignete Basen sind flüchtige Amine, d.h. Amine mit einem Siedepunkt bis 1800C bei Atmosphärendruck, wie beispielsweise Ammoniak, Methylamin, Dimethylamin, Trimethylamin, Ethylamin, Diethylamin, Triethylamin, Etha- nolamin oder N-Methyldiethanolamin. Analog lassen sich basische Gruppen mit Säu- ren wie beispielsweise α-Hydroxycarbonsäuren oder α-Aminosäuren oder auch α-Hy- droxysulfonsäuren in die entsprechenden Salze überführen.After the reaction of di- or polyisocyanate (a), further diisocyanate (b) and compound (c) and optionally (d) and optionally stopper (s) can be added to water, for example in a weight ratio of radiation-curable polyurethane (A) to water in Range from 1: 1 to 1:10. After the reaction of di- or polyisocyanate (a), further diisocyanate (b) and compound (c) and optionally (d) and stopper (s) can be groups which have sufficiently acidic H atoms, by treatment with bases in convert the corresponding salts. Examples of suitable bases are hydroxides and bicarbonates of alkali metals or alkaline earth metals or the carbonates of alkali metals. Further suitable bases are volatile amines, ie amines having a boiling point up to 180 ° C. at atmospheric pressure, for example ammonia, methylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, ethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, ethanolamine or N-methyldiethanolamine. Analogously, basic groups with acids such as .alpha.-hydroxycarboxylic acids or .alpha.-amino acids or else .alpha.-hydroxysulfonic acids can be converted into the corresponding salts.
Nach erfolgter Umsetzung von Di- oder Polyisocyanat (a), weiterem Diisocyanat (b) und Verbindung (c) gegebenenfalls (d) und Stopper (e) kann man eventuell eingesetz- tes organisches Lösungsmittel abtrennen, beispielsweise durch Destillation.After the reaction of di- or polyisocyanate (a), further diisocyanate (b) and compound (c) optionally (d) and stopper (e) can be separated off any organic solvent used, for example by distillation.
Im Anschluss an die Herstellung von strahlungshärtbarem Polyurethan (A) gibt man ein oder mehrere Pigmente (B) und gegebenenfalls Wasser zu. Vorzugsweise stellt man einen Feststoffgehalt im Bereich von bis 3 bis 40%, bevorzugt bis 35%, besonders be- vorzugt 5 bis 30% ein.Following the preparation of radiation-curable polyurethane (A), one or more pigments (B) and optionally water are added. Preference is given to a solids content in the range of up to 3 to 40%, preferably up to 35%, particularly preferably 5 to 30%.
Das Gewichtsverhältnis von strahlungshärtbarem Polyurethan (A) zu Pigment (B) kann man in weiten Grenzen variieren. In einer Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt das Gewichtsverhältnis von strahlungshärtbarem Polyurethan (A) zu Pigment (B) in einem Bereich von 5:1 bis 1 :3, bevorzugt 3:1 bis 1 :2, besonders bevorzugt 2:1 bis 2:3.The weight ratio of radiation-curable polyurethane (A) to pigment (B) can be varied within wide limits. In one embodiment of the present invention, the weight ratio of radiation-curable polyurethane (A) to pigment (B) is in the range from 5: 1 to 1: 3, preferably 3: 1 to 1: 2, more preferably 2: 1 to 2: 3 ,
Anschließend dispergiert man strahlungshärtbares Polyurethan (A) und Pigment (B). Das Dispergieren kann man in beliebigen zum Dispergieren geeigneten Apparaten durchführen. Beispielhaft seien Schüttelapparaturen wie z.B. der Fa. Skandex genannt. Bevorzugt dispergiert strahlungshärtbares Polyurethan (A) und Pigment (B) beispielsweise in Ultraschallapparaturen, Hochdruckhomogenisatoren, 2-, 3-, 4- oder 5-Walzen- mühlen, Minimühlen, Henschelmischem, Schüttelmühlen, Angmühlen, Zahnmühlen, Perlmühlen, Nassmühlen, Sandmühlen, Attritoren, Kolloidmühlen, Ultraschallhomoge- nisatoren, mit Ultra-Turrax-Rührer und insbesondere durch Mahlung, beispielsweise in 2-, 3-, 4- oder 5-Walzenmühlen, Minimühlen, Schüttelmühlen, Angmühlen, Zahnmühlen, Perlmühlen, Nassmühlen, Sandmühlen, Kolloidmühlen, Kugelmühlen, speziell Rührwerkskugelmühlen.Subsequently, radiation-curable polyurethane (A) and pigment (B) are dispersed. The dispersion can be carried out in any suitable apparatus for dispersing. By way of example, shaking apparatuses such as e.g. called the company Skandex. Radiation-curable polyurethane (A) and pigment (B) are preferably dispersed, for example, in ultrasound apparatuses, high-pressure homogenizers, 2-, 3-, 4- or 5-roller mills, mini-mills, Henschel mixers, shaking mills, angle mills, tooth mills, bead mills, wet mills, sand mills, attritors , Colloid mills, ultrasound homogenizers, with Ultra-Turrax stirrer and in particular by grinding, for example in 2, 3, 4 or 5 roll mills, mini mills, shaking mills, Angmühlen, tooth mills, bead mills, wet mills, sand mills, colloid mills, ball mills , especially agitator ball mills.
Als geeignete Zeitdauer für das Dispergieren haben sich beispielsweise 10 Minuten bis 48 Stunden erwiesen, obwohl auch eine längere Zeitdauer denkbar ist. Bevorzugt ist eine Zeitdauer für das Dispergieren von 15 Minuten bis 24 Stunden.
Druck- und Temperaturbedingungen beim Dispergieren sind im Allgemeinen unkritisch, so hat sich beispielsweise Normaldruck als geeignet erwiesen. Als Temperaturen haben sich beispielsweise Temperaturen im Bereich von 100C bis 1000C als geeignet erwiesen, bevorzugt bis 80°C.For example, 10 minutes to 48 hours have been found to be a suitable period for dispersing, although a longer period is also conceivable. A dispersing time of from 15 minutes to 24 hours is preferred. Pressure and temperature conditions during dispersion are generally not critical, for example, normal pressure has proven to be suitable. As temperatures, for example temperatures in the range of 10 0 C to 100 0 C have proven to be suitable, preferably to 80 ° C.
Durch das Dispergieren erhält man erfindungsgemäße wässrige Dispersion. In einer Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung weisen erfindungsgemäße wässrige Dispersionen einen Feststoffgehalt im Bereich von 3 bis 40%, bevorzugt bis 35%, besonders bevorzugt 5 bis 30% auf.Dispersing gives aqueous dispersion according to the invention. In one embodiment of the present invention, aqueous dispersions according to the invention have a solids content in the range from 3 to 40%, preferably to 35%, particularly preferably 5 to 30%.
Während der Durchführung des Dispergierens kann man übliche Mahlhilfsmittel zusetzen.During the performance of the dispersion, it is possible to add conventional grinding aids.
Der mittlere Durchmesser von zumindest partiell mit strahlungshärtbarem Polyurethan (A) umhüllten Pigment (B) liegt nach dem Dispergieren üblicherweise im Bereich von 20 nm bis 1,5 μm, bevorzugt im Bereich von 60 bis 500 nm, besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 60 bis 350 nm und bezeichnet im Zusammenhang mit der vorliegenden Erfindung allgemein das Volumenmittel. Geeignete Messgeräte zur Bestimmung des mittleren Partikeldurchmessers sind beispielsweise Coulter Counter, z.B. Coulter LS 230.The average diameter of at least partially coated with radiation-curable polyurethane (A) pigment (B) is usually in the range of 20 nm to 1.5 microns, preferably in the range of 60 to 500 nm, more preferably in the range of 60 to 350 after dispersion nm and in the context of the present invention generally designates the volume average. Suitable measuring instruments for determining the mean particle diameter are, for example, Coulter Counter, e.g. Coulter LS 230.
Wünscht man Ruß erfindungsgemäß als Pigment (B) einzusetzen, so bezieht sich der Partikeldurchmesser auf den mittleren Durchmesser der Primärpartikel.If it is desired to use carbon black as pigment (B) according to the invention, the particle diameter refers to the mean diameter of the primary particles.
Erfindungsgemäße wässrige Dispersionen enthalten keinen thermischen Initiator, d.h. keine Verbindung, die bei 6O0C eine Halbwertszeit von mindestens einer Stunde aufweist und dabei in freie Radikale zerfällt, wie beispielsweise Peroxide, Hydroperoxide, Wasserstoffperoxid, Persulfate, Azoverbindungen wie beispielsweise Azobisisobutyro- nitril (AIBN) oder wasserlösliche AIBN-Derivate, hochsubstituierte, insbesondere hexa- substituierte Ethanderivate oder Redoxkatalysatoren.Novel aqueous dispersions do not contain a thermal initiator, ie, no compound which has a half-life at least at 6O 0 C for one hour and thereby decomposes into free radicals, such as peroxides, hydroperoxides, hydrogen peroxide, persulfates, azo compounds such as azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) or water-soluble AIBN derivatives, highly substituted, in particular hexa-substituted, ethane derivatives or redox catalysts.
In einer Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung enthalten erfindungsgemäße wässrige Dispersionen mindestens ein Polyurethan (C). Polyurethan (C) ist beispielsweise erhältlich durch Umsetzung von Diisocyanat (b) mit Verbindung (c), enthält aber vorzugsweise keine Allophanatgruppen. Besonders bevorzugt ist Pigment (B) nicht nur mit strahlungshärtbarem Polyurethan (A) zumindest partiell umhüllt, sondern auch mit Polyurethan (C).In one embodiment of the present invention, aqueous dispersions according to the invention comprise at least one polyurethane (C). Polyurethane (C) is obtainable, for example, by reacting diisocyanate (b) with compound (c), but preferably contains no allophanate groups. Particularly preferably, pigment (B) is at least partially coated not only with radiation-curable polyurethane (A), but also with polyurethane (C).
In einer Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung enthalten erfindungsgemäße wässrige Dispersionen strahlungshärtbares Polyurethan (A) und Polyurethan (C) im Bereich von 10 : 1 bis 1 : 2, bevorzugt im Bereich von 8 : 1 bis 1 : 1 (Gewichtsverhältnis).
In einer Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung enthalten erfindungsgemäße wässrige Dispersionen mindestens einen Photoinitiator (D). Photoinitiator (D) kann man entweder vor dem Dispergieren oder aber nach dem Dispergieren zusetzen.In one embodiment of the present invention, aqueous dispersions according to the invention comprise radiation-curable polyurethane (A) and polyurethane (C) in the range from 10: 1 to 1: 2, preferably in the range from 8: 1 to 1: 1 (weight ratio). In one embodiment of the present invention, aqueous dispersions according to the invention comprise at least one photoinitiator (D). Photoinitiator (D) can be added either before dispersing or after dispersing.
Geeignete Photoinitiatoren (D) können beispielsweise dem Fachmann bekannte Photoinitiatoren sein, z.B. solche in "Advances in Polymer Science", Volume 14, Springer Berlin 1974 oder in K. K. Dietliker, Chemistry and Technology of UV- and EB-Formu- lation for Coatings, Inks and Paints, Volume 3; Photoinitiators for Free Radical and Cationic Polymerization, P. K. T. Oldring (Eds), SITA Technology Ltd, London, genann- ten.Suitable photoinitiators (D) may be, for example, photoinitiators known to those skilled in the art, e.g. those in "Advances in Polymer Science", Volume 14, Springer Berlin 1974 or in K.K. Dietliker, Chemistry and Technology of UV and EB Formulation for Coatings, Inks and Paints, Volume 3; Photoinitiators for Free Radical and Cationic Polymerization, P.K.T. Oldring (Eds), SITA Technology Ltd, London.
In Betracht kommen z.B. Mono- oder Bisacylphosphinoxide, wie sie z.B. inConsider, for example, Mono or bisacyl phosphine oxides, as described e.g. in
EP-A 0 007 508, EP-A 0 057 474, DE-A 196 18 720, EP-A 0 495 751 undEP-A 0 007 508, EP-A 0 057 474, DE-A 196 18 720, EP-A 0 495 751 and
EP-A 0 615 980 beschrieben sind, beispielsweise 2,4,6-Trimethylbenzoyldiphenyl- phosphinoxid, Ethyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphenylphosphinat, Bis-(2,4,6-trimethyl- benzoyl)-phenylphosphinoxid, Benzophenon, Hydroxyacetophenon, Phenylglyoxylsäu- re und ihre Derivate oder Gemische der vorstehend genannten Photoinitiatoren. Als Beispiele seien genannt Benzophenon, Acetophenon, Acetonaphthochinon, Methyl- ethylketon, Valerophenon, Hexanophenon, α-Phenylbutyrophenon, p-Morpholin- opropiophenon, Dibenzosuberon, 4-Morpholinobenzophenon, 4-Morpholinodeoxy- benzoin, p-Diacetylbenzol, 4-Aminobenzophenon, 4'-Methoxyacetophenon, ß-Methyl- anthrachinon, terf-Butylanthrachinon, Anthrachinoncarbonysäureester, Benzaldehyd, α-Tetralon, 9-Acetylphenanthren, 2-Acetylphenanthren, 10-Thioxanthenon, 3-Acetyl- phenanthren, 3-Acetylindol, 9-Fluorenon, 1-lndanon, 1,3,4-Triacetylbenzol, Thioxan- then-9-on, Xanthen-9-on, 2,4-Dimethylthioxanthon, 2,4-Diethylthioxanthon, 2,4-Di-/so- propylthioxanthon, 2,4-Dichlorthioxanthon, Benzoin, Benzoin-/so-butylether, Chloro- xanthenon, Benzoin-tetrahydropyranylether, Benzoin-methylether, Benzoin-ethylether, Benzoin-butylether, Benzoin-/so-propylether, 7-H-Benzoin-methylether, Benz[de]anthracen-7-on, 1 -Naphthaldehyd, 4,4'-Bis(dimethylamino)benzophenon, 4-Phenylbenzophenon, 4-Chlorbenzophenon, Michlers Keton, 1-Acetonaphthon, 2-Acetonaphthon, 1 -Benzoylcyclohexan-1 -ol, 2-Hydroxy-2,2-dimethylacetophenon, 2,2-Dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenon, 2,2-Diethoxy-2-phenylacetophenon, 1 ,1-Dichlor- acetophenon, 1 -Hydroxyacetophenon, Acetophenondimethylketal, o-Methoxybenzo- phenon, Triphenylphosphin, Tri-o-Tolylphosphin, Benz[a]anthracen-7,12-dion, 2,2-Die- thoxyacetophenon, Benzilketale, wie Benzildimethylketal, 2-Methyl-1-[4-(methyl-thio)- phenyl]-2-morpholinopropan-1-on, Anthrachinone wie 2-Methylanthrachinon, 2-Ethyl- anthrachinon, 2-te/τf-Butylanthrachinon, 1-Chloranthrachinon, 2-Amylanthrachinon und 2,3-Butandion.EP-A 0 615 980, for example 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide, ethyl 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphenylphosphinate, bis (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) -phenylphosphine oxide, benzophenone, hydroxyacetophenone, Phenylglyoxylsäu- re and their derivatives or mixtures of the above photoinitiators. Examples which may be mentioned are benzophenone, acetophenone, acetonaphthoquinone, methyl ethyl ketone, valerophenone, hexanophenone, α-phenylbutyrophenone, p-morpholinopropiophenone, dibenzosuberone, 4-morpholinobenzophenone, 4-morpholinodeoxybenzene, p-diacetylbenzene, 4-aminobenzophenone, 4 ' -Methoxyacetophenone, β-methylanthraquinone, terf-butylanthraquinone, anthraquinone carboxylic acid ester, benzaldehyde, α-tetralone, 9-acetylphenanthrene, 2-acetylphenanthrene, 10-thioxanthenone, 3-acetylphenanthrene, 3-acetylindole, 9-fluorenone, 1-indanone , 1,3,4-triacetylbenzene, thioxanthen-9-one, xanthen-9-one, 2,4-dimethylthioxanthone, 2,4-diethylthioxanthone, 2,4-di- / propylthioxanthone, 2,4- Dichlorothioxanthone, benzoin, benzoin / so-butyl ether, chloroxanthenone, benzoin tetrahydropyranyl ether, benzoin methyl ether, benzoin ethyl ether, benzoin butyl ether, benzoin / so-propyl ether, 7-H-benzoin methyl ether, benz [en] anthracene-7-one, 1-naphthaldehyde, 4,4'-bis (dimethylamino) benzophenone, 4-phenylbenzophenone, 4-chlorobenzop henon, Michler's ketone, 1-acetonaphthone, 2-acetonaphthone, 1-benzoylcyclohexan-1-ol, 2-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylacetophenone, 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone, 2,2-diethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone , 1, 1-dichloroacetophenone, 1-hydroxyacetophenone, acetophenone dimethyl ketal, o-methoxybenzophenone, triphenylphosphine, tri-o-tolylphosphine, benz [a] anthracene-7,12-dione, 2,2-di- thoxyacetophenone, benzil ketals such as benzil dimethyl ketal, 2-methyl-1- [4- (methylthio) -phenyl] -2-morpholinopropan-1-one, anthraquinones such as 2-methylanthraquinone, 2-ethylanthraquinone, 2-tert.-butyl-anthraquinone, 1-chloroanthraquinone, 2-amylanthraquinone and 2,3-butanedione.
Geeignet sind auch nicht- oder wenig vergilbende Photoinitiatoren vom Phenylglyoxal- säureestertyp, wie in DE-A 198 26 712, DE-A 199 13 353 oder WO 98/33761 beschrieben.
Bevorzugte Photoinitiatoren (D) sind beispielsweise solche Photoinitiatoren, die bei Aktivierung zerfallen, sogenannte α-Zerfaller wie beispielsweise Photoinitiatoren vom Benzildialkylketal-Typ wie z.B. Benzildimethylketal. Weitere Beispiele für geeignete α-Zerfaller sind Derivate von Benzoin, Isobutylbenzoinether, Phosphinoxide, insbesondere Mono- und Bisacylphosphinoxide, z.B. Benzoyldiphenylphosphinoxid, 2,4,6-Tri- methylbenzoyldiphenylphosphinoxid, α-Hydroxyalkylacetophenone wie z.B. 2-Hydroxy- 2-methylphenylpropanon (D.1),Also suitable are non-yellowing or slightly yellowing photoinitiators of the phenylglyoxalic acid ester type, as described in DE-A 198 26 712, DE-A 199 13 353 or WO 98/33761. Preferred photoinitiators (D) are, for example, those photoinitiators which decompose upon activation, so-called α-decayers, such as, for example, benzildialkyl ketal-type photoinitiators, such as, for example, benzil dimethyl ketal. Further examples of suitable α-disintegrators are derivatives of benzoin, isobutylbenzoin ethers, phosphine oxides, in particular mono- and bisacylphosphine oxides, for example benzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide, 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide, α-hydroxyalkylacetophenones, for example 2-hydroxy-2-methylphenylpropanone (D. 1),
2-Hydroxy-1 -[-4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]-2-methyl-1 -propanon (D.2)2-Hydroxy-1 - [- 4- (2-hydroxyethoxy) phenyl] -2-methyl-1-propanone (D.2)
Phosphinsulfide und Ethyl-4-dimethylaminobenzoat sowie (D.3)Phosphine sulfides and ethyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate and (D.3)
Weitere Beispiele für bevorzugte Photoinitiatoren (D) sind Wasserstoff-abstrahierende Photoinitiatoren, beispielsweise vom Typ der gegebenenfalls substituierten Acetophe- none, Anthrachinone, Thioxanthone, Benzoesäureester oder der gegebenenfalls substituierten Benzophenone. Besonders bevorzugte Beispiele sind Isopropylthioxanthon, Benzophenon, Phenylbenzylketon, 4-Methylbenzophenon, halogenmethylierte Benzophenone, Anthron, Michlers Keton (4,4'-bis-N,N-dimethylaminobenzophenon), 4-Chlorbenzophenon, 4,4'-Dichlorbenzophenon, Anthrachinon.Further examples of preferred photoinitiators (D) are hydrogen-abstracting photoinitiators, for example of the type of optionally substituted acetophenones, anthraquinones, thioxanthones, benzoic esters or the optionally substituted benzophenones. Particularly preferred examples are isopropylthioxanthone, benzophenone, phenylbenzyl ketone, 4-methylbenzophenone, halomethylated benzophenones, anthrone, Michler's ketone (4,4'-bis-N, N-dimethylaminobenzophenone), 4-chlorobenzophenone, 4,4'-dichlorobenzophenone, anthraquinone.
In einer Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung setzt man erfindungsgemäßen wässrigen Dispersionen so viel Photoinitiator (D) zu, dass das Gewichtsverhältnis von
strahlungshärtbarem Polyurethan (A) zu Photoinitiator (D) in einem Bereich von 3 : 1 bis 10.000 : 1 , bevorzugt von 5 : 1 bis 5.000 : 1 , ganz besonders bevorzugt in einem Gewichtsverhältnis von 10 : 1 bis 1.000 : 1 liegt.In one embodiment of the present invention, aqueous dispersions according to the invention are added so much photoinitiator (D) that the weight ratio of radiation-curable polyurethane (A) to photoinitiator (D) in a range from 3: 1 to 10,000: 1, preferably from 5: 1 to 5,000: 1, most preferably in a weight ratio of 10: 1 to 1000: 1.
Die Wirksamkeit von Photoinitiatoren (D) in erfindungsgemäßen wässrigen Dispersionen (A) kann man, wenn es gewünscht wird, durch die Zugabe von mindestens einem Synergisten, beispielsweise von mindestens einem Amin, insbesondere von mindestens einem tertiärem Amin erhöhen. Geeignete Amine sind beispielsweise Triethyla- min, N,N-Dimethylethanolamin, N-Methylethanolamin, Triethanolamin, Aminoacrylate wie beispielsweise aminmodifizierte Polyetheracrylate. Wenn man Amine wie beispielsweise tertiäre Amine als Katalysator bei der Synthese von strahlungshärtbarem Polyurethan (A) eingesetzt und nach der Synthese nicht abgetrennt hat, so kann auch als Katalysator verwendetes tertiäres Amin als Synergist wirken. Weiterhin kann zur Neutralisation von sauren Gruppen wie beispielsweise COOH-Gruppen oder SO3H- Gruppen eingesetztes tertiäres Amin als Synergist wirken. Man kann bis zur doppelten molaren Menge Synergist zusetzen, bezogen auf eingesetzen Photoinitiator (A).The effectiveness of photoinitiators (D) in aqueous dispersions (A) according to the invention can, if desired, be increased by the addition of at least one synergist, for example of at least one amine, in particular of at least one tertiary amine. Examples of suitable amines are triethylamine, N, N-dimethylethanolamine, N-methylethanolamine, triethanolamine, aminoacrylates, such as, for example, amine-modified polyether acrylates. If one has used amines such as tertiary amines as a catalyst in the synthesis of radiation-curable polyurethane (A) and not separated after the synthesis, as a catalyst used tertiary amine can act as a synergist. Furthermore, for the neutralization of acidic groups such as COOH groups or SO 3 H groups used tertiary amine act as a synergist. It is possible to add up to twice the molar amount of synergist, based on the photoinitiator (A) used.
Man kann erfindungsgemäßen wässrigen Dispersionen mindestens einen Polymerisationsinhibitor (E) wie UV-Absorber und Radikalfänger zusetzen. UV Absorber wandeln UV-Strahlung in Wärmeenergie um. Geeignete UV-Absorber sind z.B. Oxanilide, Tria- zine und Benzotriazol (letztere erhältlich als Tinuvin® -Marken der Ciba-Spezialitäten- chemie), Benzophenone, Hydroxybenzophenone, Hydrochinon, Hydrochinonmonoalky- lether wie z.B. Hydroquinonmonomethylether. Radikalfänger binden intermedär gebildete Radikale. Geeignete Radikalfänger sind beispielsweise sterisch gehinderte Amine, welche als HALS (Hindered Amine Light Stabilizers) bekannt sind. Beispiele dafür sind 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidin, 2,6-Di-tert.-butylpiperidin oder deren Derivaten, z. B. Bis-(2,2,6,6-tetra-methyl-4-piperidyl)sebacinat.It is possible to add at least one polymerization inhibitor (E), such as UV absorbers and free-radical scavengers, to aqueous dispersions according to the invention. UV absorbers convert UV radiation into heat energy. Suitable UV absorbers are e.g. Oxanilides, triazines and benzotriazole (the latter being available as Tinuvin® grades from Ciba Specialty Chemicals), benzophenones, hydroxybenzophenones, hydroquinone, hydroquinone monoalkyl ethers, such as. Hydroquinone monomethyl ether. Radical scavengers bind intermediately formed radicals. Suitable radical scavengers are, for example, sterically hindered amines, which are known as HALS (hindered amine light stabilizers). Examples of these are 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 2,6-di-tert-butylpiperidine or derivatives thereof, eg. Bis- (2,2,6,6-tetra-methyl-4-piperidyl) sebacinate.
Beispielsweise kann man bis zu 5 Gew.-%, bezogen auf die Summe an (A) und (B), an Polymerisationsinhibitor (E) zusetzen, besonders bevorzugt bis zu 0,5 Gew.-%.For example, up to 5% by weight, based on the sum of (A) and (B), of polymerization inhibitor (E) can be added, more preferably up to 0.5% by weight.
Man kann erfindungsgemäßen Dispersionen eine oder mehrere weitere Verbindungen mit C-C-Doppelbindungen (F) zusetzen, im folgenden auch als ungesättigte Verbindungen (F) bezeichnet. Besonders geeignete ungesättigte Verbindungen (F) sind bei- spielsweise Verbindungen der allgemeinen Formel I. Weitere besonders geeignete ungesättigte Verbindungen (F) sind solche der allgemeinen Formel F.1.
Dispersions according to the invention can be added to one or more further compounds having CC double bonds (F), also referred to below as unsaturated compounds (F). Particularly suitable unsaturated compounds (F) are, for example, compounds of the general formula I. Further particularly suitable unsaturated compounds (F) are those of the general formula F.1.
Dabei sind die Variablen wie folgt definiert:The variables are defined as follows:
R1, R2 gleich oder verschieden und unabhängig voneinander gewählt aus Wasserstoff und CrCi0-Alkyl,R 1, R 2 are identical or different and are independently selected from hydrogen and C r Ci 0 alkyl,
m eine ganze Zahl von 0 bis 2, bevorzugt 1 ;m is an integer from 0 to 2, preferably 1;
A2 CH2 oder -CH2-CH2- oder R8-CH oder para-C6H4 für den Fall, dass m = 0, CH, C-OH, C-O-C(O)-CH=CH2, C-O-CO-C(CH3)=CH2, R8-C oder 1 ,3,5-A 2 CH 2 or -CH 2 -CH 2 - or R 8 -CH or para-C 6 H 4 in the event that m = 0, CH, C-OH, COC (O) -CH = CH 2 , CO -CO-C (CH 3 ) = CH 2 , R 8 -C or 1, 3,5-
C6H3 für den Fall, dass m = 1 , und Kohlenstoff für den Fall, dass m = 2; R8 gewählt aus C1-C4-AIkVl, wie beispielsweise n-C4Hg, n-C3H7, iso-C3H7 und vorzugsweise C2H5 und CH3, oder Phenyl,C 6 H 3 for the case that m = 1, and carbon for the case that m = 2; R 8 is selected from C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, such as, for example, nC 4 Hg, nC 3 H 7 , isoC 3 H 7 and preferably C 2 H 5 and CH 3 , or phenyl,
A3, A4, A5 gleich oder verschieden und gewählt ausA 3 , A 4 , A 5 are the same or different and selected from
Ci-C20-Alkylen, wie beispielsweise -CH2-, -CH(CH3)-, -CH(C2H5)-,C 1 -C 20 -alkylene, such as -CH 2 -, -CH (CH 3 ) -, -CH (C 2 H 5 ) -,
-CH(C6H5)-, -(CHz)2-, -(CH2)3-, -(CHz)4-, -(CHz)5-, -(CH2)6-, -(CH2)r, -(CH2)8-,-CH (C 6 H 5 ) -, - (CH 2 ) 2 -, - (CH 2 ) 3 -, - (CH 2 ) 4 -, - (CH 2 ) 5 -, - (CH 2 ) 6 -, - (CH 2 ) r , - (CH 2 ) 8 -,
-(CH2)9-, -(CHz)10-, -CH(CH3)-(CH2)z-CH(CH3)-; eis- oder frar?s-C4-C10-Cycloalkylen, wie beispielsweise c/s-1 ,3-Cyclo- pentyliden, trans-1 , 3-Cyclopentyliden c/s-1 ,4-Cyclohexyliden, trans- 1 ,4-Cy- clohexyliden;- (CH 2 ) 9 -, - (CHz) 10 -, -CH (CH 3 ) - (CH 2 ) z-CH (CH 3 ) -; cis-C 4 -C 10 -cycloalkylene, such as, for example, c / s-1, 3-cyclopentylidene, trans-1,3-cyclopentylidene c / s-1, 4-cyclohexylidene, trans-1, 4- Cyclohexylidene;
CrC2o-Alkylen, in denen von einem bis zu sieben jeweils nicht benachbarteCrC 2 o-alkylene, in which from one to seven non-adjacent
C-Atome durch Sauerstoff ersetzt sind, wie beispielsweise -CH2-O-CH2-, -(CHz)2-O-CH2-, -(CH2)2-O-(CH2)2-,C atoms are replaced by oxygen, such as -CH 2 -O-CH 2 -, - (CHz) 2 -O-CH 2 -, - (CH 2 ) 2 -O- (CH 2 ) 2 -,
-[(CH2)2-O]2-(CH2)2-, -[(CH2)2-O]3-(CH2)2-;- [(CH 2 ) 2 -O] 2 - (CH 2 ) 2 -, - [(CH 2 ) 2 -O] 3 - (CH 2 ) 2 -;
Ci-C20-Alkylen, substituiert mit bis zu 4 Hydroxylgruppen, wobei inCi-C 20 -alkylene, substituted with up to 4 hydroxyl groups, wherein in
CrC20-Alkylen von einem bis zu sieben jeweils nicht benachbarte C-Atome durch Sauerstoff ersetzt sind, wie beispielsweise -CH2-O-CH2-CH(OH)- CH2-, -CH2-O-[CH2-CH(OH)-CH2 1Z-, -CH2-O-[CH2-CH(OH)-CH2]3-;C r C 20 alkylene are replaced by one to seven each non-adjacent carbon atoms by oxygen, such as -CH 2 -O-CH 2 -CH (OH) - CH 2 -, -CH 2 -O- [CH 2 -CH (OH) -CH 2 1 Z-, -CH 2 -O- [CH 2 -CH (OH) -CH 2 ] 3 -;
C6-C-|4-Arylen, wie beispielsweise para-C6H4.
Besonders bevorzugte Beispiele für Verbindungen der allgemeinen Formel F.l sind Trimethylolpropantri(meth)acrylat, Tri(meth)acrylat von dreifach ethoxyliertem Tn- methylolpropan, Pentaerythrittri(meth)acrylat und Pentaerythrittetra(meth)acrylat.C 6 -C | | 4 -arylene, such as para-C 6 H 4 . Particularly preferred examples of compounds of the formula F1 are trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, tri (meth) acrylate of triethoxylated tetramethylolpropane, pentaerythritol tri (meth) acrylate and pentaerythritol tetra (meth) acrylate.
Weitere sehr gut geeignete Vertreter für ungesättigte Verbindungen (F) sind Ethylen- glycoldi(meth)acrylat, Diethylenglykold(meth)acrylat, Triethylenglykold(meth)acrylat, Propylenglykol(meth)acrylat, Dipropylenglykoldi(meth)acrylat und Tripropylenglykol- di(meth)acrylat.Further very suitable representatives of unsaturated compounds (F) are ethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, diethylene glycol (meth) acrylate, triethylene glycol (meth) acrylate, propylene glycol (meth) acrylate, dipropylene glycol di (meth) acrylate and tripropylene glycol di (meth) acrylate.
Weitere sehr gut geeignete Vertreter für ungesättigte Verbindungen (F) sind partiell oder erschöpfend (meth)acrylierte Polyole wie beispielsweise partiell oder erschöpfend (meth)acryliertes dimeres Trimethylolpropan, partiell oder erschöpfend (meth)acryliertes dimeres Trimethylolethan, partiell oder erschöpfend (meth)acrylierter dimerer Pentaerythrit.Other very suitable representatives of unsaturated compounds (F) are partially or exhaustively (meth) acrylated polyols such as partially or exhaustively (meth) acrylated dimeric trimethylolpropane, partially or exhaustively (meth) acrylated dimeric trimethylolethane, partially or exhaustively (meth) acrylated dimer pentaerythritol.
Beispielsweise kann man insgesamt bis zu 100 Gew.-%, bezogen auf die Summe an (A) und (B), an ungesättigter Verbindung (F) zusetzen, bevorzugt bis zu 50 Gew.-% und besonders bevorzugt bis zu 25 Gew.-%.For example, a total of up to 100% by weight, based on the sum of (A) and (B), of unsaturated compound (F) may be added, preferably up to 50% by weight and more preferably up to 25% by weight. %.
Erfindungsgemäße wässrige Dispersionen lassen sich gut verwenden als oder zur Herstellung von Formulierungen zum Färben oder Bedrucken von Substraten, beispielsweise zur Herstellung von Färbeflotten für das Pigmentfärben oder zur Herstellung von Druckpasten für den Pigmentdruck. Ein Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist daher die Verwendung von erfindungsgemäßen wässrigen Dispersionen als oder zur Herstellung von Formulierungen zum Färben oder Bedrucken von Substraten. Ebenso ist Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ein Verfahren zum Färben oder Bedrucken von Substraten unter Verwendung von mindestens einer erfindungsgemäßen wässrigen Dispersion.Aqueous dispersions according to the invention can be used well as or for the preparation of formulations for dyeing or printing substrates, for example for the production of dyeing liquors for pigment dyeing or for the production of printing pastes for pigment printing. An object of the present invention is therefore the use of aqueous dispersions of the invention as or for the preparation of formulations for dyeing or printing substrates. Likewise provided by the present invention is a process for dyeing or printing substrates using at least one aqueous dispersion according to the invention.
Als Substrate sind geeignet:Suitable substrates are:
cellulosehaltige Materialien wie Papier, Pappe, Karton, Holz und Holzwerkstoffe, die auch lackiert oder anderweitig beschichtet sein können, metallische Materialien wie Folien, Bleche oder Werkstücke aus Aluminium, Eisen, Kupfer, Silber, Gold, Zink oder Legierungen dieser Metalle, die lackiert oder anderweitig beschichtet sein können, silikatische Materialien wie Glas, Porzellan und Keramik, die beschichtet sein können, polymere Materialien jeder Art wie Polystyrol, Polyamide, Polyester, Polyethylen, Polypropylen, Melaminharze, Polyacrylate, Polyacrylnitril, Polyurethane, Polycarbonate, Polyvinylchlorid, Polyvinylalkohole, Polyvinylacetate, Polyvinylpyrrolidone und entsprechende Copolymere und Blockcopolymere, biologisch abbaubare Polymere und natürliche Polymere wie Gelatine,
Leder, sowohl Naturleder als auch Kunstleder, als Glatt-, Nappa- oder Velourleder, Lebensmittel und Kosmetika, und insbesonderecellulosic materials such as paper, paperboard, cardboard, wood and wood-based materials, which may also be painted or otherwise coated, metallic materials such as foils, sheets or workpieces of aluminum, iron, copper, silver, gold, zinc or alloys of these metals which are lacquered or silicate materials such as glass, porcelain and ceramics which may be coated, polymeric materials of all types such as polystyrene, polyamides, polyesters, polyethylene, polypropylene, melamine resins, polyacrylates, polyacrylonitrile, polyurethanes, polycarbonates, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl acetates, Polyvinylpyrrolidones and corresponding copolymers and block copolymers, biodegradable polymers and natural polymers such as gelatin, Leather, both natural leather and artificial leather, as smooth, nappa or suede, food and cosmetics, and in particular
textile Substrate wie Fasern, Garne, Zwirne, Maschenware, Webware, Non-wovens und konfektionierte Ware aus Polyester, modifiziertem Polyester, Polyestermischgewebe, cellulosehaltige Materialien wie Baumwolle, Baumwollmischgewebe, Jute, Flachs, Hanf und Ramie, Viskose, Wolle, Seide, Polyamid, Polyamidmischgewebe, Polyacrylnitril, Triacetat, Acetat, Polycarbonat, Polypropylen, Polyvinylchlorid, Mischgewebe wie beispielsweise Polyester/Polyurethan-Mischgewebe (z. B. Lycra®), PoIy- ethylen-Polypropylen-Mischgewebe, Polyestermikrofasern und Glasfasergewebe.textile substrates such as fibers, yarns, threads, knits, woven fabrics, non-wovens and made-up articles of polyester, modified polyester, polyester blends, cellulosic materials such as cotton, blended cotton, jute, flax, hemp and ramie, viscose, wool, silk, polyamide, Polyamide blends, polyacrylonitrile, triacetate, acetate, polycarbonate, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, blended fabrics such as polyester / polyurethane blends (eg Lycra®), polyethylene-polypropylene blends, polyester microfibers, and glass fiber fabrics.
Erfindungsgemäße wässrige Dispersionen sind besonders gut geeignet als oder zur Herstellung von Tinten für das Ink-Jet-Verfahren, insbesondere von wässrigen Tinten für das Ink-Jet-Verfahren. Ganz besonders gut lassen sich erfindungsgemäße wässri- ge Dispersionen verwenden zur Herstellung von Pigment-haltigen wässrigen Tinten für das Ink-Jet-Verfahren. Ein weiterer Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist somit die Verwendung von erfindungsgemäßen wässrigen Dispersionen zur Herstellung von Tinten für das Ink-Jet-Verfahren. Ein weiterer Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Tinten für das Ink-Jet-Verfahren unter Verwen- düng von mindestens einer erfindungsgemäßen wässrigen Dispersion.Aqueous dispersions according to the invention are particularly suitable as or for the production of inks for the ink-jet process, in particular of aqueous inks for the ink-jet process. Very particularly good aqueous dispersions according to the invention can be used for the preparation of pigment-containing aqueous inks for the ink-jet process. Another object of the present invention is thus the use of aqueous dispersions of the invention for the production of inks for the ink-jet process. Another object of the present invention is a process for the preparation of inks for the ink-jet process using düng of at least one aqueous dispersion according to the invention.
Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung werden Tinten für das Ink-Jet-Verfahren auch als Ink-Jet-Tinten oder kurz als Tinten bezeichnet.In the context of the present invention, inks for the ink-jet process are also referred to as ink-jet inks or in short as inks.
In einer Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung enthalten erfindungsgemäße InkJet-TintenIn one embodiment of the present invention, inkjet inks according to the invention contain
1 bis 40 Gew.-%, bevorzugt 2 bis 35 Gew.-% erfindungsgemäße wässrige Dispersion, wobei Angaben in Gew.-% jeweils auf das Gesamtgewicht der betreffenden erfindungsgemäßen Tinte bezogen sind.From 1 to 40% by weight, preferably from 2 to 35% by weight, of aqueous dispersion according to the invention, details in% by weight being based in each case on the total weight of the relevant ink according to the invention.
Man kann erfindungsgemäße wässrige Dispersionen unmittelbar als Ink-Jet-Tinten einsetzen.It is possible to use aqueous dispersions according to the invention directly as ink-jet inks.
Erfindungsgemäße Tinten für das Ink-Jet-Verfahren können in einer anderen Ausführungsform mindestens einen Zuschlagstoff (G) enthalten.Inks according to the invention for the ink-jet process may in another embodiment contain at least one additive (G).
In einer Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung stellt man erfindungsgemäße InkJet-Tinten so her, dass man erfindungsgemäße wässrige Dispersion mit Wasser ver- dünnt und gegebenenfalls mit einem oder mehreren Zuschlagstoffen (G) vermischt.
In einer Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung stellt man den Feststoffgehalt von erfindungsgemäßen Ink-Jet-Tinten so ein, dass er im Bereich von 5 bis 40%, bevorzugt bis 35%, besonders bevorzugt 10 bis 30% liegt.In one embodiment of the present invention, ink-jet inks according to the invention are prepared by diluting waterborne dispersion according to the invention with water and optionally mixing it with one or more additives (G). In one embodiment of the present invention, the solids content of ink jet inks according to the invention is adjusted to be in the range from 5 to 40%, preferably to 35%, particularly preferably 10 to 30%.
Als Zuschlagstoff (G) können erfindungsgemäße Tinten für das Ink-Jet-Verfahren ein oder mehrere organische Lösungsmittel enthalten. Niedermolekulares Polytetrahydro- furan (PoIy-THF) ist ein bevorzugter Zuschlagstoff (G), es kann als einziges oder vorzugsweise im Gemisch mit einem oder mehreren schwer verdampfbaren, in Wasser löslichen oder mit Wasser mischbaren organischen Lösungsmitteln eingesetzt werden.As an additive (G), inks according to the invention for the ink-jet process may contain one or more organic solvents. Low molecular weight polytetrahydrofuran (polyTHF) is a preferred additive (G), it can be used as the sole or preferably in admixture with one or more poorly water-soluble, water-soluble or water-miscible organic solvents.
Bevorzugt verwendetes niedermolekulares Polytetrahydrofuran hat üblicherweise ein mittleres Molekulargewicht Mw von 150 bis 500 g/mol, bevorzugt von 200 bis 300 g/mol und besonders bevorzugt von etwa 250 g/mol (entsprechend einer Molekulargewichtsverteilung).Preferably used low molecular weight polytetrahydrofuran usually has an average molecular weight M w of 150 to 500 g / mol, preferably from 200 to 300 g / mol and particularly preferably about 250 g / mol (corresponding to a molecular weight distribution).
Polytetrahydrofuran kann auf bekannte Weise über kationische Polymerisation von Tetrahydrofuran hergestellt werden. Dabei entstehen lineare Polytetramethylenglykole.Polytetrahydrofuran can be prepared in a known manner via cationic polymerization of tetrahydrofuran. This produces linear polytetramethylene glycols.
Wenn Polytetrahydrofuran im Gemisch mit weiteren organischen Lösungsmitteln als Zuschlagstoff (G) verwendet wird, werden hierfür im Allgemeinen schwer verdampfbare (d.h. in der Regel bei Normaldruck einen Siedepunkt > 100°C aufweisende) und damit eine wasserrückhaltende Wirkung besitzende organische Lösungsmittel eingesetzt, die in Wasser löslich oder mit Wasser mischbar sind.When polytetrahydrofuran is used as an additive (G) in admixture with other organic solvents, organic solvents which are generally difficult to evaporate (ie generally have a boiling point> 100 ° C. at atmospheric pressure) and thus have a water-retaining effect are used soluble or miscible with water.
Als Lösungsmittel eignen sich mehrwertige Alkohole, bevorzugt unverzweigte und verzweigte mehrwertige Alkohole mit 2 bis 8, insbesondere 3 bis 6, Kohlenstoffatomen, wie Ethylenglykol, 1 ,2- und 1 ,3-Propylenglykol, Glycerin, Erythrit, Pentaerythrit, Pentite wie Arabit, Adonit und Xylit und Hexite wie Sorbit, Mannit und Dulcit.Suitable solvents are polyhydric alcohols, preferably unbranched and branched polyhydric alcohols having 2 to 8, in particular 3 to 6, carbon atoms, such as ethylene glycol, 1, 2- and 1, 3-propylene glycol, glycerol, erythritol, pentaerythritol, pentitols such as arabitol, adonite and xylitol and hexitols such as sorbitol, mannitol and dulcitol.
Weitere geeignete Lösungsmittel sind Polyethylen- und Polypropylenglykole, worunter auch die niederen Polymere (Di-, Tri- und Tetramere) verstanden werden sollen, und deren Mono- (vor allem C1-C6-, insbesondere CrC4-)alkylether. Bevorzugt sind Polyethylen- und Polypropylenglykole mit mittleren Molekulargewichten Mn von 100 bis 6000 g/mol, insbesondere bis 1500 g/mol, vor allem von 150 bis 500 g/mol. Als Bei- spiele seien Di-, Tri- und Tetraethylenglykol, Diethylenglykolmonomethyl-, -ethyl-, -n-, -iso-propyl -propyl- und -n-butylether, Triethylenglykolmonomethyl-, -ethyl-, -n-propyl-, -iso-propyl - und -n-butylether, Di-, Tri- und Tetra-1 ,2- und -1 ,3-propylenglykol und Di-, Tri- und Tetra-1 ,2- und -1 ,3-propylenglykolmonomethyl-, -ethyl-, -n-propyl-, -iso-propyl- und -n-butylether genannt.Further suitable solvents are polyethylene and polypropylene glycols, which are to be understood as including the lower polymers (di-, tri- and tetramers), and their mono- (especially C 1 -C 6 -, in particular C r C 4 -) alkyl ethers. Preference is given to polyethylene and polypropylene glycols having average molecular weights M n of from 100 to 6000 g / mol, in particular to 1500 g / mol, especially from 150 to 500 g / mol. Examples are di-, tri- and tetraethylene glycol, diethylene glycol monomethyl, -ethyl, -n-, isopropyl-propyl and -n-butyl ether, triethylene glycol monomethyl, -ethyl, -n-propyl-, iso-propyl and n-butyl ethers, di-, tri- and tetra-1, 2- and -1, 3-propylene glycol and di-, tri- and tetra-1, 2- and -1, 3-propylene glycol monomethyl , -ethyl, -n-propyl, -iso-propyl and -n-butyl ether.
Weiterhin als Lösungsmittel geeignet sind Pyrrolidon und N-Alkylpyrrolidone, deren Alkylkette vorzugsweise 1 bis 4, vor allem 1 bis 2, Kohlenstoffatome enthält. Beispiele
für geeignete Alkylpyrrolidone sind N-Methylpyrrolidon, N-Ethylpyrrolidon und N-(2-Hy- droxyethyl)pyrrolidon.Also suitable as solvents are pyrrolidone and N-alkylpyrrolidones whose alkyl chain preferably contains 1 to 4, especially 1 to 2, carbon atoms. Examples suitable alkylpyrrolidones include N-methylpyrrolidone, N-ethylpyrrolidone and N- (2-hydroxyethyl) pyrrolidone.
Beispiele für besonders bevorzugte Lösungsmittel sind 1 ,2- und 1 ,3-Propylenglykol, Glycerin, Sorbit, Diethylenglykol, Polyethylenglykol (Mw 300 bis 500 g/mol), Diethylen- glykolmonobutylether, Triethylenglykolmonobutylether, Pyrrolidon, N-Methyl-pyrrolidon und N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)pyrrolidon.Examples of particularly preferred solvents are 1, 2 and 1, 3-propylene glycol, glycerol, sorbitol, diethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol (M w 300 to 500 g / mol), diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, triethylene glycol monobutyl ether, pyrrolidone, N-methyl-pyrrolidone and N - (2-hydroxyethyl) pyrrolidone.
Polytetrahydrofuran kann auch mit einem oder mehreren (z.B. zwei, drei oder vier) der oben aufgeführten Lösungsmitteln gemischt werden.Polytetrahydrofuran may also be mixed with one or more (e.g., two, three or four) of the solvents listed above.
In einer Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung können erfindungsgemäße Tinten für das Ink-Jet-Verfahren 0,1 bis 80 Gew.-%, bevorzugt 2 bis 60 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt 5 bis 50 Gew.-% und ganz besonders bevorzugt 10 bis 40 Gew.-%, nicht-wässrige Lösungsmittel enthalten.In one embodiment of the present invention, inks for the ink-jet process according to the invention may be 0.1 to 80% by weight, preferably 2 to 60% by weight, more preferably 5 to 50% by weight and most preferably 10 to 40 wt .-%, non-aqueous solvent.
Nicht-wässrige Lösungsmittel als Zuschlagstoffe (G), insbesondere auch die genannten besonders bevorzugten Lösungsmittelkombinationen, können vorteilhaft durch Harnstoff (in der Regel 0,5 bis 3 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Gewicht der Farbmittelzu- bereitung) ergänzt werden, der die wasserrückhaltende Wirkung des Lösungsmittelgemisches noch verstärkt.Non-aqueous solvents as additives (G), in particular also the abovementioned particularly preferred solvent combinations, can advantageously be supplemented by urea (generally from 0.5 to 3% by weight, based on the weight of the colorant preparation), which contains the water-retaining effect of the solvent mixture still reinforced.
Erfindungsgemäße Tinten für das Ink-Jet-Verfahren können weitere Zuschlagstoffe (G), wie sie insbesondere für wässrige Ink-Jet-Tinten und in der Druck- und Lackin- dustrie üblich sind, enthalten. Genannt seien z.B. Konservierungsmittel wie beispielsweise 1 ,2-Benzisothiazolin-3-on (kommerziell erhältlich als Proxel-Marken der Fa. Ave- cia Lim.) und dessen Alkalimetallsalze, Glutardialdehyd und/oder Tetramethylolacety- lendiharnstoff, Protectole®, Antioxidantien, Entgaser/Entschäumer wie beispielsweise Acetylendiole und ethoxylierte Acetylendiole, die üblicherweise 20 bis 40 mol Ethylen- oxid pro mol Acetylendiol enthalten und gleichzeitig auch dispergierend wirken können, Mittel zur Regulierung der Viskosität, Verlaufshilfsmittel, Netzmittel (z.B. benetzend wirkende Tenside auf der Basis von ethoxylierten oder propoxylierten Fett- oder Oxoal- koholen, Propylenoxid/Ethylenoxid-Blockcopolymeren, Ethoxylaten von Ölsäure oder Alkylphenolen, Alkylphenolethersulfaten, Alkylpolyglycosiden, Alkylphosphonaten, Al- kylphenylphosphonaten, Alkylphosphaten, Alkylphenylphosphaten oder bevorzugt Po- lyethersiloxan-Copolymeren, insbesondere alkoxylierten 2-(3-Hydroxypropyl)hepta- methyltrisiloxanen, die in der Regel einen Block aus 7 bis 20, vorzugsweise 7 bis 12, Ethylenoxideinheiten und einen Block aus 2 bis 20, vorzugsweise 2 bis 10 Propylen- oxideinheiten aufweisen und in Mengen von 0,05 bis 1 Gew.-% in den Farbmittelzube- reitungen enthalten sein können), Antiabsetzmittel, Glanzverbesserer, Gleitmittel, Haftverbesserer, Hautverhinderungsmittel, Mattierungsmittel, Emulgatoren, Stabilisatoren, Hydrophobiermittel, Lichtschutzadditive, Griffverbesserer, Antistatikmittel, Basen wie
beispielsweise Triethanolamin oder Säuren, speziell Carbonsäuren wie beispielsweise Milchsäure oder Zitronensäure zur Regulierung des pH-Wertes. Wenn diese Mittel Bestandteil erfindungsgemäßer Tinten für das Ink-Jet-Verfahren sind, beträgt ihre Gesamtmenge in der Regel 2 Gew.-%, insbesondere 1 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Gewicht der erfindungsgemäßen Farbmittelzubereitungen und insbesondere der erfindungsgemäßen Tinten für das Ink-Jet-Verfahren.Inventive inks for the ink-jet process may contain further additives (G), as are customary in particular for aqueous ink-jet inks and in the printing and coating industry. Examples which may be mentioned are preservatives such as, for example, 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one (available commercially as Proxel brands from Avecia Lim.) And its alkali metal salts, glutaric dialdehyde and / or tetramethylolacetylenediurea, Protectole®, antioxidants, degasifier / Defoamers such as acetylenediols and ethoxylated acetylenediols, which usually contain 20 to 40 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of acetylenediol and at the same time can also have a dispersing effect, viscosity regulators, leveling agents, wetting agents (eg wetting surfactants based on ethoxylated or propoxylated fatty acid or oxoalcohols, propylene oxide / ethylene oxide block copolymers, ethoxylates of oleic acid or alkylphenols, alkylphenol ether sulfates, alkylpolyglycosides, alkylphosphonates, alkylphenyl phosphonates, alkyl phosphates, alkylphenyl phosphates or preferably polyethersiloxane copolymers, especially alkoxylated 2- (3-hydroxypropyl) hepta methyl tri siloxanes, which generally have a block of 7 to 20, preferably 7 to 12, ethylene oxide units and a block of 2 to 20, preferably 2 to 10 propylene oxide units and in amounts of 0.05 to 1 wt .-% in the Colorant preparations may be included), anti-settling agents, gloss improvers, lubricants, adhesion promoters, skin preventatives, matting agents, emulsifiers, stabilizers, water repellents, sunscreen additives, handle improvers, antistatic agents, bases such as For example, triethanolamine or acids, especially carboxylic acids such as lactic acid or citric acid to regulate the pH. When these agents are constituents of inks according to the invention for the ink-jet process, their total amount is generally 2% by weight, in particular 1% by weight, based on the weight of the colorant preparations according to the invention and in particular of the inks according to the invention for the inkjet process. jet process.
Weitere geeignete Zuschlagstoffe (G) sind gegebenenfalls alkoxylierte Acetylendiole, beispielsweise der allgemeinen Formel IlFurther suitable additives (G) are optionally alkoxylated acetylenediols, for example of the general formula II
in denen die Variablen wie folgt definiert sind:where the variables are defined as follows:
AO steht für gleiche oder verschiedene Alkylenoxideinheiten, beispielsweise Propylenoxideinheiten, Butylenoxideinheiten und insbesondere Ethylenoxideinheiten,AO represents identical or different alkylene oxide units, for example propylene oxide units, butylene oxide units and in particular ethylene oxide units,
R4, R5, R6, R7 sind jeweils gleich oder verschieden und gewählt aus C-i-Cio-Alkyl, unverzweigt oder verzweigt, wie Methyl, Ethyl, n-Propyl, iso-Propyl, n-Butyl, iso-Butyl, sec.-Butyl, tert.-Butyl, n-Pentyl, iso-Pen- tyl, sec.-Pentyl, neo-Pentyl, 1 ,2-Dimethylpropyl, iso-Amyl, n-Hexyl, iso-Hexyl, sec.-Hexyl, n-Heptyl, n-Octyl, 2-Ethylhexyl, n-Nonyl, n-De- cyl, besonders bevorzugt Ci-C4-Alkyl wie Methyl, Ethyl, n-Propyl, iso-Propyl, n-Butyl, iso-Butyl, sec.-Butyl und tert.-Butyl; und Wasserstoff;R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 are each the same or different and selected from C 1 -C 10 -alkyl, unbranched or branched, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, iso-pentyl, sec-pentyl, neo-pentyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl, iso-amyl, n-hexyl, iso-hexyl, sec. Hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, particularly preferably C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, iso Butyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl; and hydrogen;
b ist gleich oder verschieden und gewählt aus ganzen Zahlen im Bereich von 0 bis 50, bevorzugt 0 oder 1 bis 30 und besonders bevor- zugt 3 bis 20.b is the same or different and selected from integers in the range of 0 to 50, preferably 0 or 1 to 30 and more preferably 3 to 20.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung sind R5 oder R7 gleich Methyl.In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, R 5 or R 7 are methyl.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung sind R5 und R7 gleich Methyl, und R4 und R6 gleich Isobutyl.In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, R 5 and R 7 are methyl, and R 4 and R 6 are isobutyl.
Andere bevorzugte Zuschlagstoffe sind gegebenenfalls alkoxylierte Siliziumverbindungen der Formel III
[(CH3)3Si-O]2-Si(CH3)-O(CH2CH2O)b-H IIIOther preferred additives are optionally alkoxylated silicon compounds of the formula III [(CH 3 ) 3 Si-O] 2 -Si (CH 3 ) -O (CH 2 CH 2 O) b -H III
in der die Variable b wie vorstehend definiert ist.in which the variable b is as defined above.
Erfindungsgemäße Tinten für das Ink-Jet-Verfahren können weiterhin einen weiteren Photoinitiator enthalten, der nicht gleich dem Photoinitiator (D) ist, der bei der Herstellung von erfindungsgemäßer wässriger Dispersion eingesetzt werden kann, aber aus den oben genannten Photoinitiatoren gewählt wird.Inks according to the invention for the ink-jet process may furthermore comprise a further photoinitiator which is not equal to the photoinitiator (D) which can be used in the preparation of aqueous dispersion according to the invention but which is chosen from the abovementioned photoinitiators.
In einer Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung haben erfindungsgemäße Tinten für das Ink-Jet-Verfahren eine dynamische Viskosität im Bereich von 2 bis 80 mPa-s, bevorzugt 3 bis 40 mPa-s, besonders bevorzugt bis 25 mPa-s, gemessen bei 23°C nach DIN 53018.In one embodiment of the present invention, inks for the ink-jet process according to the invention have a dynamic viscosity in the range from 2 to 80 mPa.s, preferably from 3 to 40 mPa.s, particularly preferably to 25 mPa.s, measured at 23 ° C. according to DIN 53018.
In einer Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung beträgt die Oberflächenspannung erfindungsgemäßer Tinten für das Ink-Jet-Verfahren 24 bis 70 mN/m, insbesondere 25 bis 60 mN/m, gemessen bei 25°C nach DIN 53993.In one embodiment of the present invention, the surface tension of inks according to the invention for the ink-jet process is 24 to 70 mN / m, in particular 25 to 60 mN / m, measured at 25 ° C. according to DIN 53993.
In einer Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt der pH-Wert erfindungsgemäßer Tinten für das Ink-Jet-Verfahren bei 5 bis 10, vorzugsweise bei 7 bis 9.In one embodiment of the present invention, the pH of inks according to the invention for the ink-jet process is from 5 to 10, preferably from 7 to 9.
Erfindungsgemäße Tinten für das Ink-Jet-Verfahren zeigen insgesamt vorteilhafte Anwendungseigenschaften, vor allem gutes Anschreibverhalten und gutes Dauerschreib- verhalten (Kogation) sowie, insbesondere bei Verwendung der besonders bevorzugten Lösungsmittelkombination, gutes Trocknungsverhalten, und ergeben Druckbilder hoher Qualität, d.h. hoher Brillanz und Farbtiefe sowie hoher Reib-, Licht-, Wasser- und Nassreibechtheit. Besonders geeignet sind sie zum Drucken auf gestrichenes und ungestrichenes Papier sowie Textil.Ink-jet inks according to the invention show advantageous overall application properties, in particular good write-on behavior and good continuous writing behavior (kogation), and, especially when using the particularly preferred solvent combination, good drying behavior, and result in high-quality printed images, i. high brilliance and color depth and high friction, light, water and wet rub fastness. They are particularly suitable for printing on coated and uncoated paper and textile.
Ein weiterer Aspekt der vorliegenden Erfindung ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von erfindungsgemäßen Tinten für das Ink-Jet-Verfahren. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zur Herstellung von Tinten für das Ink-Jet-Verfahren ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man mindestens eine erfindungsgemäße wässrige Dispersion, Wasser und ge- gebenenfalls mindestens einen Zuschlagstoff (G) miteinander vermischt, beispielsweise in einem oder in mehreren Schritten.Another aspect of the present invention is a process for the preparation of inks for the ink-jet process according to the invention. The process according to the invention for the production of inks for the ink-jet process is characterized in that at least one aqueous dispersion according to the invention, water and optionally at least one additive (G) are mixed with one another, for example in one or more steps.
Als geeignete Vermischungstechniken sind beispielsweise Verrühren und intensives Schütteln zu nennen sowie das Dispergieren, beispielsweise in Kugelmühlen oder Rührwerkskugelmühlen.
Die Reihenfolge der Zugabe bei dem Vermischen von erfindungsgemäßer wässriger Dispersion, Wasser, gegebenenfalls (C), gegebenenfalls (D), gegebenenfalls (E), gegebenenfalls (F) und gegebenenfalls (G) ist an sich unkritisch.Mixturing and intensive shaking, for example, and dispersing, for example in ball mills or stirred ball mills, may be mentioned as suitable mixing techniques. The order of addition in the mixing of inventive aqueous dispersion, water, optionally (C), optionally (D), optionally (E), optionally (F) and optionally (G) is not critical per se.
So ist es in einer Variante der vorliegenden Erfindung möglich, dass man zunächst mindestens ein strahlungshärtbares Polyurethan (A) synthetisiert, danach mit Pigment (B) dispergiert und danach mit einem oder mehreren der gewünschten Zusätze (C), (D), (E), (F) und/oder (G) vermischt und vor oder nach dem Vermischen mit Wasser verdünnt.Thus, in one variant of the present invention, it is possible first to synthesize at least one radiation-curable polyurethane (A), then to disperse it with pigment (B) and then with one or more of the desired additives (C), (D), (E) , (F) and / or (G) are mixed and diluted with water before or after mixing.
In einer anderen Variante der vorliegenden Erfindung synthetisiert man (a) mindestens ein strahlungshärtbares Polyurethan (A) und mindestens ein Polyurethan (C), danach dispergiert man mit (B), verdünnt mit Wasser und vermischt mit einem oder mehreren der gewünschten Zusätze (D), (E), (F) und/oder (G).In another variant of the present invention, (a) at least one radiation-curable polyurethane (A) and at least one polyurethane (C) are synthesized, then dispersed with (B), diluted with water and mixed with one or more of the desired additives (D) , (E), (F) and / or (G).
In einer anderen Variante der vorliegenden Erfindung synthetisiert man mindestens ein strahlungshärtbares Polyurethan (A) und dispergiert danach mit Pigment (B) und mindestens einem der gewünschten Zusätze (C), (D), (E), (F) und (G).In another variant of the present invention, at least one radiation-curable polyurethane (A) is synthesized and then dispersed with pigment (B) and at least one of the desired additives (C), (D), (E), (F) and (G).
In einer anderen Variante der vorliegenden Erfindung synthetisiert man mindestens ein strahlungshärtbares Polyurethan (A) und mindestens ein Polyurethan (C) und dispergiert danach mit Pigment (B) und mindestens einem der gewünschten Zusätze (D), (E), (F) und (G).In another variant of the present invention, at least one radiation-curable polyurethane (A) and at least one polyurethane (C) are synthesized and then dispersed with pigment (B) and at least one of the desired additives (D), (E), (F) and ( G).
Ein weiterer Aspekt der vorliegenden Erfindung ist ein Verfahren zum Bedrucken von flächigen oder dreidimensionalen Substraten nach dem Ink-Jet-Verfahren unter Verwendung von mindestens einer erfindungsgemäßen Tinte für das Ink-Jet-Verfahren, im Folgenden auch erfindungsgemäßes Druckverfahren genannt. Zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Druckverfahrens druckt man mindestens eine erfindungsgemäße Ink-Jet-Tinte auf ein Substrat auf. In einer bevorzugten Variante des erfindungsgemäßen Druckverfahrens druckt man mindestens eine erfindungsgemäße Ink-Jet-Tinte auf ein Substrat und behandelt anschließend mit aktinischer Strahlung.A further aspect of the present invention is a process for printing flat or three-dimensional substrates by the ink-jet process using at least one ink according to the invention for the ink-jet process, also referred to below as printing process according to the invention. To carry out the printing process according to the invention, at least one ink-jet ink according to the invention is printed onto a substrate. In a preferred variant of the printing process according to the invention, at least one ink-jet ink according to the invention is printed on a substrate and then treated with actinic radiation.
Beim Ink-Jet-Verfahren werden die üblicherweise wässrigen Tinten in kleinen Tröpf- chen direkt auf das Substrat gesprüht. Man unterscheidet dabei ein kontinuierliches Verfahren, bei dem die Tinte gleichmäßig durch eine Düse gepresst und durch ein elektrisches Feld, abhängig vom zu druckenden Muster, auf das Substrat gelenkt wird, und ein unterbrochenes Tintenstrahl- oder "Drop-on-Demand"-Verfahren, bei dem der Tintenausstoß nur dort erfolgt, wo ein farbiger Punkt gesetzt werden soll. Bei dem letztgenannten Verfahren wird entweder über einen piezoelektrischen Kristall oder eine beheizte Kanüle (Bubble- oder Thermo-Jet-Verfahren) Druck auf das Tintensystem ausgeübt und so ein Tintentropfen herausgeschleudert. Solche Verfahrensweisen sind
in Text. Chem. Color, Band 19 (8), Seiten 23 bis 29, 1987, und Band 21 (6), Seiten 27 bis 32, 1989, beschrieben.In the ink-jet process, the usually aqueous inks are sprayed in small droplets directly onto the substrate. A distinction is made between a continuous process, in which the ink is pressed uniformly through a nozzle and directed onto the substrate by an electric field, depending on the pattern to be printed, and an interrupted ink-jet or "drop-on-demand" process, where ink ejection occurs only where a colored dot is to be set. In the latter method, pressure is applied to the ink system either via a piezoelectric crystal or a heated cannula (bubble or thermo-jet method), thus ejecting an ink drop. Such procedures are in text. Chem. Color, Vol. 19 (8), pp. 23-29, 1987, and Vol. 21 (6) pp. 27-32, 1989.
Besonders geeignet sind die erfindungsgemäßen Tinten für das Bubble-Jet-Verfahren und für das Verfahren mittels eines piezoelektrischen Kristalls.Particularly suitable are the inks according to the invention for the bubble jet process and for the process by means of a piezoelectric crystal.
Erfindungsgemäße Tinten für das Ink-Jet-Verfahren lassen sich durch aktinische Strahlung härten, beispielsweise ist aktinische Strahlung mit einem Wellenlängenbereich von 200 nm bis 450 nm geeignet. Geeignet ist beispielsweise aktinische Strahlung mit einer Energie im Bereich von 70 mJ /cm2 bis 2000 mJ/cm2. Aktinische Strahlung kann man zweckmäßig beispielsweise kontinuierlich oder in Form von Blitzen einbringen.Inventive inks for the inkjet process can be cured by actinic radiation, for example, actinic radiation having a wavelength range of 200 nm to 450 nm is suitable. For example, actinic radiation having an energy in the range from 70 mJ / cm 2 to 2000 mJ / cm 2 is suitable. Actinic radiation can be useful to introduce, for example, continuously or in the form of lightning.
In einer Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung kann man nach dem Bedrucken und vor dem Behandeln mit aktinischer Strahlung zwischentrocknen, beispielsweise thermisch oder mit IR-Strahlung. Geeignet sind beispielsweise Temperaturen im Bereich von 30 bis 120°C über einen Zeitraum im Bereich von 10 Sekunden bis 24 Stunden, bevorzugt eine bis zu 30 min, besonders bevorzugt bis zu 5 min. Als IR-Strahlung ist beispielsweise IR-Strahlung in einem Wellenbereich über 800 nm geeignet. Geeig- nete Vorrichtungen zum Zwischentrocknen sind beispielsweise Trockenschränke oder Vakuumtrockenschränke für thermische Zwischentrocknung, weiterhin IR-Lampen.In one embodiment of the present invention, after printing and prior to treatment with actinic radiation, one may inter-dry, for example thermally or with IR radiation. For example, temperatures in the range from 30 to 120 ° C. over a period of time in the range from 10 seconds to 24 hours, preferably one to 30 minutes, particularly preferably up to 5 minutes, are suitable. For example, IR radiation in a wavelength range above 800 nm is suitable as IR radiation. Suitable devices for intermediate drying are, for example, drying ovens or vacuum drying ovens for intermediate thermal drying, furthermore IR lamps.
Auch die bei der Einwirkung von aktinischer Strahlung entwickelte Hitze kann zwischentrocknend wirken.The heat developed by the action of actinic radiation can also have an inter-drying effect.
Eine weitere Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung sind Substrate, insbesondere textile Substrate, die nach einem der oben genannten erfindungsgemäßen Druckverfahren bedruckt wurden und sich durch besonders scharf gedruckte Bilder oder Zeichnungen sowie ausgezeichneten Griff auszeichnen. Außerdem weisen erfindungs- gemäße bedruckte Substrate wenig „soft spots" auf.A further embodiment of the present invention are substrates, in particular textile substrates, which have been printed according to one of the abovementioned printing methods according to the invention and are distinguished by particularly sharply printed images or drawings and by an excellent grip. In addition, printed substrates according to the invention have few "soft spots".
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung kann man mindestens zwei, bevorzugt mindestens drei verschiedene erfindungsgemäße Tinten für das Ink-Jet-Verfahren zu Sets kombinieren, wobei verschiedene erfindungsgemäße Tinten jeweils unterschiedliche Pigmente mit jeweils unterschiedlicher Farbe enthalten.According to a further embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to combine at least two, preferably at least three, different inks according to the invention for the ink-jet process into sets, wherein different inks according to the invention each contain different pigments each having a different color.
Ein weiterer Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung sind zumindest partiell umhüllte Pigmente, hergestellt durch Dispergieren von mindestens einem Pigment (B) und mindestens einem strahlungshärtbaren Polyurethan (A), wobei strahlungshärtbares PoIy- urethan (A) erhältlich ist durch Umsetzung von
(a) mindestens einem Di- oder Polyisocyanat, das im Mittel 1 bis 10 Allophanatgrup- pen und im Mittel 1 bis 10 C-C-Doppelbindungen pro Molekül enthält, mitAnother object of the present invention are at least partially coated pigments prepared by dispersing at least one pigment (B) and at least one radiation-curable polyurethane (A), wherein radiation-curable poly urethane (A) is obtainable by reacting (a) at least one di- or polyisocyanate which contains on average from 1 to 10 allophanate groups and on average from 1 to 10 C-C double bonds per molecule
(b) mindestens einem weiteren Diisocyanat und(B) at least one further diisocyanate and
(c) mindestens einer Verbindung mit mindestens zwei mit Isocyanat zur Reaktion befähigten Gruppen.(c) at least one compound having at least two isocyanate-reactive groups.
Ein spezieller Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung sind zumindest partiell umhüllte vorstehend beschriebene Pigmente, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Di- oder Polyisocyanat (a) hergestellt ist durch Umsetzung von mindestens einem Di- oder Polyisocy- anat (a1 ) mit mindestens einer Verbindung der allgemeinen Formel IA special object of the present invention are at least partially coated pigments described above, characterized in that di- or polyisocyanate (a) is prepared by reacting at least one di- or polyisocyanate (a1) with at least one compound of general formula I.
enthalten, in der die Variablen wie folgt definiert sind:in which the variables are defined as follows:
R1, R2 gleich oder verschieden und unabhängig voneinander gewählt aus Wasserstoff und C1-Ci0-AIkVl, X1 gewählt aus Sauerstoff und N-R3,R 1, R 2 are identical or different and are independently selected from hydrogen and C 1 -C 0 -alkyl, X 1 is selected from oxygen and NR 3,
A1 gewählt aus CrC2o-Alkylen, unsubstituiert oder ein- oder mehrfach substituiert mit C1-C4-AIk^, Phenyl oder 0-C1 -C4-Al kyl, wobei in CrC2o-Alkylen eine oder mehrere nicht-benachbarte CH2-Gruppen durch Sauerstoff ersetzt sein können;A 1 selected from CrC 2 o-alkylene, unsubstituted or mono- or polysubstituted by C 1 -C 4 -AIk ^, phenyl or 0-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, wherein in C r C 2 o-alkylene a or several non-adjacent CH 2 groups may be replaced by oxygen;
X2 gewählt aus Hydroxyl und NH-R3,X 2 selected from hydroxyl and NH-R 3 ,
R3 gleich oder verschieden und gewählt aus Wasserstoff, C1-C1O-AIkVl und Phe- nyl.R 3 is identical or different and selected from hydrogen, C 1 -C 10 -AlkVl and phenyl.
Ein spezieller Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung sind zumindest partiell umhüllte Pigment, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass strahlungshärtbares Polyurethan (A) hergestellt ist durch Umsetzung vonA special object of the present invention are at least partially coated pigment, characterized in that radiation-curable polyurethane (A) is prepared by reacting
(a) mindestens einem Di- oder Polyisocyanat, das im Mittel 1 bis 10 Allophanatgrup- pen und im Mittel 1 bis 10 C-C-Doppelbindungen pro Molekül enthält, mit(a) at least one di- or polyisocyanate which contains on average from 1 to 10 allophanate groups and on average from 1 to 10 C-C double bonds per molecule
(b) mindestens einem weiteren Diisocyanat,(b) at least one further diisocyanate,
(c) mindestens einer Verbindung mit mindestens zwei mit Isocyanat zur Reaktion befähigten Gruppen und(C) at least one compound having at least two isocyanate-reactive groups and
(d) mindestens einer Verbindung der allgemeinen Formel I
(d) at least one compound of the general formula I
in der die Variablen wie folgt definiert sind:where the variables are defined as follows:
R1, R2 gleich oder verschieden und unabhängig voneinander gewählt aus Was- serstoff und C1 -C10-Alkyl,R 1 , R 2 are identical or different and independently of one another selected from hydrogen and C 1 -C 10 -alkyl,
X1 gewählt aus Sauerstoff und N-R3,X 1 selected from oxygen and NR 3 ,
A1 gewählt aus CrC2o-Alkylen, unsubstituiert oder ein- oder mehrfach substituiert mit C1-C4-AIKyI, Phenyl oder 0-C1 -C4-Al kyl, wobei in C1-C20-AIkV- len eine oder mehrere nicht-benachbarte CH2-Gruppen durch Sauerstoff ersetzt sein können;A 1 selected from CrC 2 o-alkylene, unsubstituted or mono- or polysubstituted with C 1 -C 4 -AIKyI, phenyl or 0-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, wherein in C 1 -C 20 -AlkV- len one or more non-adjacent CH 2 groups may be replaced by oxygen;
X2 gewählt aus Hydroxyl und NH-R3,X 2 selected from hydroxyl and NH-R 3 ,
R3 gleich oder verschieden und gewählt aus Wasserstoff, CrC-io-Alkyl undR 3 is identical or different and selected from hydrogen, C 1 -C 10 -alkyl and
Phenyl.Phenyl.
Ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von erfindungsgemäßen zumindest partiell umhüllten Pigmenten ist vorstehend beschrieben und ebenfalls Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung.A process for the preparation of at least partially coated pigments according to the invention is described above and also the subject of the present invention.
Erfindungsgemäße zumindest partiell umhüllte Pigmente lassen sich beispielsweise aus erfindungsgemäßen wässrigen Dispersionen durch Entfernen des Wassers gewinnen, beispielsweise durch Trocknen, Gefriertrocknen, Filtrieren oder einer Kombination der vorstehend genannten Maßnahmen.Inventive at least partially coated pigments can be obtained, for example, from aqueous dispersions according to the invention by removing the water, for example by drying, freeze-drying, filtering or a combination of the abovementioned measures.
Erfindungsgemäße zumindest partiell umhüllte Pigmente eignen sich besonders gut zur Herstellung von Tinten für das Ink-Jet-Verfahren.At least partially coated pigments according to the invention are particularly suitable for the production of inks for the ink-jet process.
Ein weiterer Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung sind strahlungshärtbare Polyurethane, hergestellt durch Umsetzung vonAnother object of the present invention are radiation-curable polyurethanes, prepared by reaction of
(a) mindestens einem Di- oder Polyisocyanat, das im Mittel 1 bis 10 Allophanatgrup- pen und im Mittel 1 bis 10 C-C-Doppelbindungen pro Molekül enthält, mit(a) at least one di- or polyisocyanate which contains on average from 1 to 10 allophanate groups and on average from 1 to 10 C-C double bonds per molecule
(b) mindestens einem weiteren Diisocyanat,(b) at least one further diisocyanate,
(c) mindestens einer Verbindung mit mindestens zwei mit Isocyanat zur Reaktion befähigten Gruppen und(C) at least one compound having at least two isocyanate-reactive groups and
(d) mindestens einer Verbindung der allgemeinen Formel I.(d) at least one compound of general formula I.
In einer Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung hat erfindungsgemäßes strahlungshärtbares Polyurethan (A) eine Doppelbindungsdichte von 0,1 bis 5 mol/kg (A)1 bevorzugt 0,2 bis 3 mol/kg (A), ganz besonders bevorzugt 0,3 bis 2 mol/kg (A), be-
stimmbar beispielsweise durch Bestimmung der Hydrier-Iod-Zahl und durch 1H-NMR- Spektroskopie.In one embodiment of the present invention, radiation-curable polyurethane (A) according to the invention has a double bond density of 0.1 to 5 mol / kg (A) 1, preferably 0.2 to 3 mol / kg (A), very particularly preferably 0.3 to 2 mol / kg (A), tunable, for example, by determination of the hydrogenation iodine number and by 1 H NMR spectroscopy.
Ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von erfindungsgemäßen strahlungshärtbaren PoIy- urethanen ist vorstehend beschrieben und ebenfalls Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung.A process for the preparation of radiation-curable polyurethanes according to the invention is described above and also the subject of the present invention.
Erfindungsgemäße strahlungshärtbare Polyurethane eigenen sich ganz besonders gut zur Herstellung von erfindungsgemäßen Ink-Jet-Tinten und zur Herstellung von erfin- dungsgemäßen wässrigen Dispersionen.Radiation-curable polyurethanes according to the invention are particularly suitable for the production of ink-jet inks according to the invention and for the preparation of aqueous dispersions according to the invention.
Die Erfindung wird durch Arbeitsbeispiele erläutert.The invention will be explained by working examples.
Allgemeine Vorbemerkungen: Der NCO-Gehalt wurde jeweils gemäß DIN 53185 titrimetrisch verfolgt.General preliminary remarks: The NCO content was monitored in each case according to DIN 53185 titrimetrically.
Der Grad der Umhüllung von erfindungsgemäßen Pigmenten wurde durch Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie mit Gefrierbruchtechnik bestimmt. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) wurde vor dem Einsatz durch Destillieren über Na/Benzophenon getrocknet. Feststoffgehalt: Die Angaben in % beziehen sich m Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung stets auf Gew.-%. Feststoffgehalte werden im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung stets durch 30-minütiges Trocknen bei 1500C ermittelt.The degree of coating of pigments according to the invention was determined by transmission electron microscopy using a freeze-fracture technique. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) was dried by distillation over Na / benzophenone before use. Solids content: The percentages in the context of the present invention always refer to% by weight. Solid contents are always determined in the context of the present invention by drying at 150 ° C. for 30 minutes.
I. Herstellung von erfindungsgemäßen zumindest partiell umhüllten Pigmenten 1.1. Herstellung von strahlungshärtbarem Polyurethan (A.1 )I. Preparation of at least partially Enveloped Pigments 1.1. Preparation of radiation-curable polyurethane (A.1)
1.1.1 Herstellung von Diisocyanat (a.1), das Allophanatgruppen und C-C-Doppel- bindungen enthält1.1.1 Preparation of diisocyanate (a.1) containing allophanate groups and C-C double bonds
Es wurde gemäß EP 1 144 476 B1 , Beispiel 1.1 vorgegangen. In einem Rührkol- ben wurden Hexamethylendiisocyanat (HDI) (a.1.1) unter Stickstoffbedeckung mit 2-Hydroxyethylacrylat vermischt und auf 800C erwärmt. Es wurden 200 Gew.-ppm N,N,N-Trimethyl-N-(2-hydroxypropyl)ammonium-2-ethylhexanoatIt was proceeded according to EP 1 144 476 B1, Example 1.1. Hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) were ben in a Rührkol- (a.1.1) were mixed under a nitrogen blanket with 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate and heated to 80 0 C. There were 200 ppm by weight of N, N, N-trimethyl-N- (2-hydroxypropyl) ammonium 2-ethylhexanoate
zugegeben und danach die Temperatur innerhalb einer halben Stunde auf 120°C erhöht. Danach wurde die entstehende Reaktionsmischung unter weiterem Rühren bei 120°C gehalten, bis der titrimetrisch bestimmte NCO-Gehalt 25 Gew.-% betrug, bezogen auf gesamte Reaktionsmischung. Man stoppte die Reaktion durch Zugabe von 250 Gew.-ppm Di-(2-Ethylhexyl)-phosphat, bezogen auf
(a.1.1 ). Das so erhältliche Gemisch wurde anschließend im Dünnschichtverdampfer bei 1350C und 2,5 mbar von nicht umgesetztem HDI befreit. Das so erhältliche Diisocyanat (a.1) hatte einen NCO-Gehalt von 15 Gew.-%, eine dynamische Viskosität von 1200 mPa-s bei 23°C. Der Rest-HDI-Gehalt war unter 0,5 Gew.-%. Die C-C-Doppelbindungsdichte betrug 2 C-C-Doppelbindungen proadded and then the temperature within half an hour to 120 ° C increases. Thereafter, the resulting reaction mixture was kept at 120 ° C with further stirring until the titrimetrically determined NCO content was 25 wt .-%, based on the total reaction mixture. The reaction was stopped by adding 250 ppm by weight of di- (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate, based on (a.1.1). The mixture thus obtained was subsequently freed of unreacted HDI in a thin-layer evaporator at 135 ° C. and 2.5 mbar. The diisocyanate (a.1) obtainable in this way had an NCO content of 15% by weight and a dynamic viscosity of 1200 mPa.s at 23 ° C. The residual HDI content was below 0.5% by weight. The CC double bond density was 2 CC double bonds per
Molekül.Molecule.
1.1.2 Umsetzung von (a.1 ) zu erfindungsgemäßem strahlungshärtbarem Polyurethan (A.1)1.1.2 Reaction of (a.1) to inventive radiation-curable polyurethane (A.1)
239,7 g eines Polyesterdiols mit einem Molekulargewicht Mw von 800 g/mol, hergestellt durch Polykondensation von Isophthalsäure, Adipinsäure und 1 ,4-Dihy- droxymethylcyclohexan (Isomerengemisch) in einem Molverhältnis von 1 : 1 : 2, wurden auf 1200C erwärmt. Die entstehende Schmelze wurde in einen 2-l-Reak- tor gefüllt, ausgestattet mit Rührer, Rückflusskühler, Gaseinleitrohr und Tropftrichter, und unter Stickstoff auf 1300C erwärmt. Als das Polyesterdiol als klare Schmelze vorlag, wurde unter Rühren auf 800C abgekühlt. Danach wurden 31 ,2 g Neopentylglykol und 101 ,9 g 1,1-Dimethylolpropionsäure zugegeben und danach auf 60°C abgekühlt. Danach wurden 630 g Tetrahydrofuran (THF), 85,2 g Diisocyanat (a.1 ) und 234 g Hexamethylendiisocyanat (HDI) (a.2.1) zugesetzt.239.7 g of a polyester diol having a molecular weight M w of 800 g / mol, prepared by polycondensation of isophthalic acid, adipic acid and 1, 4-dihydroxymethylcyclohexane (mixture of isomers) in a molar ratio of 1: 1: 2, were at 120 0 C. heated. The resultant melt was poured into a 2-liter reactor tor, equipped with stirrer, reflux condenser, gas inlet tube and dropping funnel and heated under nitrogen to 130 0 C. When the polyesterdiol was present as a clear melt, it was cooled to 80 ° C. with stirring. Thereafter, 31.2 g of neopentyl glycol and 101.9 g of 1,1-dimethylolpropionic acid were added and then cooled to 60 ° C. Thereafter, 630 g of tetrahydrofuran (THF), 85.2 g of diisocyanate (a.1) and 234 g of hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) (a.2.1) were added.
Anschließend gab man 1000 ppm Di-n-butylzinndilaurat zu (bezogen auf HDI) und rührte bei 6O0C, bis der titrimetrisch bestimmte NCO-Gehalt auf 1 ,2 Gew.-%, bezogen auf gesamte Reaktionsmischung, gesunken war. Danach wurde mit Hilfe eines Eisbades auf Zimmertemperatur abgekühlt und die Reaktion durch Zu- gäbe von 39,9 g Diethanolamin, gelöst in 39,9 g THF, abgestoppt. Anschließend neutralisierte man die Säuregruppen mit 76,9 g Triethylamin, gelöst in 76,9 g THF. Man erhielt erfindungsgemäßes strahlungshärtbares Polyurethan (A.1 ).This was followed by 1000 ppm of di-n-butyltin dilaurate (based on HDI) and stirred at 6O 0 C until the NCO content was monitored titrimetrically determined at 1, 2 wt .-%, based on total reaction mixture, was dropped. The mixture was then cooled to room temperature with the aid of an ice bath and the reaction was stopped by adding 39.9 g of diethanolamine dissolved in 39.9 g of THF. Subsequently, the acid groups were neutralized with 76.9 g of triethylamine dissolved in 76.9 g of THF. Radiation-curable polyurethane (A.1) according to the invention was obtained.
1.2 Herstellung von erfindungsgemäßem strahlungshärtbarem Polyurethan (A.2)1.2 Preparation of radiation-curable polyurethane (A.2) according to the invention
Man vermischte 15,6 g Isophorondiisocyanat (IPDI) mit 46,7 g THF, erwärmte auf 500C und gab 130 Gew.-ppm Di-n-butylzinndilaurat zu, bezogen auf IPDI. Anschließend gab man 8,1 g 2-Hydroxyethylacrylat (d.1 ) in 24,4 g THF zu. Man rührte die entstehende Reaktionslösung bei 500C, bis der titrimetrisch bestimmte NCO-Gehalt auf 3,1 Gew.-%, bezogen auf gesamte Reaktionslösung, abgesunken war, und versetzte danach mit 596,1 g strahlungshärtbarem Polyurethan (A.1 ) und weiteren 0,1 Gew.-% Di-n-butylzinndilaurat, bezogen auf gesamte Reaktionslösung. Danach erwärmte man auf 60°C und rührte, bis sich kein NCO mehr titrimetrisch nachweisen ließ. Anschließend gab man 965 g Wasser zu und destillierte das THF ab. Man erhielt eine wässrige Dispersion von erfindungsgemäßem strahlungshärtbarem Polyurethan (A.2) (Feststoffgehalt: 25%) mit durch-
schnittlichem Partikeldurchmesser von 15 nm, gemessen mit dynamischer Lichtstreuung.Were mixed 15.6 g of isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) 46.7 g THF, heated to 50 0 C and 130 weight ppm of di-n-butyltin dilaurate, based on IPDI. Subsequently, 8.1 g of 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (d.1) in 24.4 g of THF were added. The resulting reaction solution was stirred at 50 ° C. until the titrimetrically determined NCO content had fallen to 3.1% by weight, based on the total reaction solution, and then admixed with 596.1 g of radiation-curable polyurethane (A.1) and another 0.1% by weight of di-n-butyltin dilaurate, based on the total reaction solution. It was then heated to 60 ° C and stirred until no more NCO could be detected by titration. Subsequently, 965 g of water were added and the THF was distilled off. This gave an aqueous dispersion of radiation-curable polyurethane (A.2) according to the invention (solids content: 25%) with thoroughly average particle diameter of 15 nm, measured with dynamic light scattering.
1.3 Herstellung von erfindungsgemäßem strahlungshärtbarem Polyurethan (A.3)1.3 Production of radiation-curable polyurethane (A.3) according to the invention
Man vermischte 44,5 g Isophorondiisocyanat (IPDI) mit 138,4 g THF, erwärmte auf 500C und gab 130 Gew.-ppm Di-n-butylzinndilaurat zu, bezogen auf IPDI. Anschließend gab man 23,2 g 2-Hydroxyethylacrylat (d.1 ) in 69,7 g THF zu. Man rührte die entstehende Reaktionslösung bei 500C, bis der titrimetrisch bestimmte NCO-Gehalt auf 3,1 Gew.-%, bezogen auf gesamte Reaktionslösung, abgesunken war, und versetzte danach mit 425,8 g strahlungshärtbarem Polyurethan (A.1 ) und weiteren 0,2 Gew.-% Di-n-butylzinndilaurat, bezogen auf gesamte Reaktionslösung. Danach erwärmte man auf 60°C und rührte, bis sich kein NCO mehr titrimetrisch nachweisen ließ. Anschließend gab man 841 g Wasser zu und destillierte das THF ab. Man erhielt eine wässrige Dispersion (Feststoffgehalt:It mixed 44.5 g of isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) with 138.4 g of THF, heated to 50 0 C and gave 130 ppm by weight of di-n-butyltin dilaurate, based on IPDI. Subsequently, 23.2 g of 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (d.1) in 69.7 g of THF were added. The resulting reaction solution was stirred at 50 ° C. until the titrimetrically determined NCO content had dropped to 3.1% by weight, based on the total reaction solution, and then admixed with 425.8 g of radiation-curable polyurethane (A.1) and another 0.2% by weight of di-n-butyltin dilaurate, based on the total reaction solution. It was then heated to 60 ° C and stirred until no more NCO could be detected by titration. Subsequently, 841 g of water were added and the THF was distilled off. An aqueous dispersion was obtained (solids content:
25%) von erfindungsgemäßem strahlungshärtbarem Polyurethan (A.3) mit durchschnittlichem Partikeldurchmesser von 30 nm, gemessen mit dynamischer Lichtstreuung.25%) of inventive radiation-curable polyurethane (A.3) with an average particle diameter of 30 nm, measured with dynamic light scattering.
II. AnwendungsbeispieleII. Application examples
11.1. Herstellung von erfindungsgemäßen wässrigen Dispersionen, allgemeine Vorschrift11.1. Preparation of aqueous dispersions according to the invention, general procedure
Erfindungsgemäße wässrige Dispersionen wurden auf einer Schüttelapparatur (Fa. Skandex) mit 60 g Glaskugeln (Durchmesser 0,25 - 0,5 mm) hergestellt. DieAqueous dispersions of the invention were prepared on a shaking apparatus (Skandex) with 60 g of glass beads (diameter 0.25-0.5 mm). The
Rezepturen sind in Tabelle 1 zusammengefasst. Nach Einwiegen der Ingredienzien und der Glaskugeln im Skandex wurde die resultierende Mischung für eine Zeit nach Tabelle 1 geschüttelt. Danach wurde eine Probe entnommen und der mittlere Durchmesser an dispergiertem Pigment bestimmt (Coulter Counter LS230) sowie Grad der Umhüllungs gemessen. Der pH-Wert wurde gemessen und - falls erforderlich - mit Triethanolamin auf 7,5 eingestellt. Man erhielt die erfindungsgemäßen wässrigen Dispersionen WD.2.1 bis WD.2.3.
Recipes are summarized in Table 1. After weighing the ingredients and the glass beads in Skandex, the resulting mixture was shaken for a time according to Table 1. Thereafter, a sample was taken and the average diameter of dispersed pigment determined (Coulter Counter LS230) and the degree of coating measured. The pH was measured and, if necessary, adjusted to 7.5 with triethanolamine. The aqueous dispersions WD.2.1 to WD.2.3 according to the invention were obtained.
Tabelle 1 : Ingredienzien und Rezeptparameter für erfindungsgemäße wässrige Dispersionen WD.2.1 bis WD.2.3Table 1: Ingredients and recipe parameters for aqueous dispersions WD.2.1 to WD.2.3 according to the invention
Mengen von Ingredienzien sind stets in g angegeben, wenn nicht ausdrücklich anders angegeben.Quantities of ingredients are always given in g unless otherwise stated.
(A.2) ist auf den Feststoffgehalt berechnet.(A.2) is calculated on the solids content.
Es bedeutet:It means:
Biozid 1 : 20 Gew.-% Lösung von 1 ,2-Benziso-thiazolin-3-on in PropylenglykolBiocide 1: 20 wt .-% solution of 1, 2-Benziso-thiazolin-3-one in propylene glycol
Weitere erfindungsgemäße wässrige Dispersionen wurden erhalten, indem man wie oben beschrieben vorging, jedoch jeweils (A.2) durch (A.1) bzw. (A.3) ersetzte. Man erhielt folgende erfindungsgemäße wässrige Dispersionen:Further aqueous dispersions according to the invention were obtained by proceeding as described above, but replacing each (A.2) by (A.1) or (A.3). The following aqueous dispersions according to the invention were obtained:
WD.1.1 (magenta, unter Verwendung von (A.1)), WD.1.2 (schwarz, unter Verwendung von (A.1 )), WD.1.3 (gelb, unter Verwendung von (1.2)),WD.1.1 (magenta, using (A.1)), WD.1.2 (black, using (A.1)), WD.1.3 (yellow, using (1.2)),
WD.3.1 (magenta, unter Verwendung von (A.3)), WD.3.2 (schwarz, unter Verwendung von (A.3)), WD.3.3 (gelb, unter Verwendung von (A.3)),WD.3.1 (magenta, using (A.3)), WD.3.2 (black, using (A.3)), WD.3.3 (yellow, using (A.3)),
II.2 Formulierung von erfindungsgemäßen Tinten für das Ink-Jet-Verfahren
11.2.1 Formulierung der erfindungsgemäßen magenta-farbenen Tinte T2.1.1 für das Ink-Jet-VerfahrenII.2 formulation of inks according to the invention for the ink-jet process 11.2.1 Formulation of the Inventive Magenta Ink T2.1.1 for the Ink Jet Process
In einem Becherglas wurden durch Verrühren miteinander vermischt: 30 g WD.2.1 , 1 g Harnstoff, 0,16 g Photoinitiator (D.1 )In a beaker were mixed together by stirring: 30 g of WD.2.1, 1 g of urea, 0.16 g of photoinitiator (D.1)
6 g PoIy-THF mit einem mittleren Molekulargewicht Mn von 250 g/mol6 g of poly THF having an average molecular weight M n of 250 g / mol
7 g Polyethylenglykol mit Mn = 400 g/mol, 9,2 g Glycerin,7 g of polyethylene glycol with M n = 400 g / mol, 9.2 g of glycerol,
0,8 g einer 20 Gew.-% Lösung von Benzisothiazolin-3-on in Propylenglykol, 0,5 g ethoxyliertes Trisiloxan der Formel [(CH3)3Si-O]2Si(CH3)-O(CH2CH2O)8-H 51 ,34 g destilliertes Wasser.0.8 g of a 20 wt .-% solution of benzisothiazolin-3-one in propylene glycol, 0.5 g ethoxylated trisiloxane of the formula [(CH 3 ) 3 Si-O] 2 Si (CH 3 ) -O (CH 2 CH 2 O) 8 -H 51, 34 g of distilled water.
Man filtrierte über ein Glasfaserfilter (Ausschlussgröße 1 μm) und erhielt die erfindungsgemäße Tinte T2.1.1. Die erfindungsgemäße Tinte T2.1.1 hatte einen pH-Wert von 7,5 und eine dynamische Viskosität von 4,2 mPa-s.It was filtered through a glass fiber filter (exclusion size 1 micron) and received the ink according to the invention T2.1.1. The inventive ink T2.1.1 had a pH of 7.5 and a dynamic viscosity of 4.2 mPa-s.
II.2.2 Formulierung der erfindungsgemäßen magenta-farbenen Tinte T2.1.2 für das Ink-Jet-VerfahrenII.2.2 Formulation of the magenta ink T2.1.2 according to the invention for the ink-jet process
In einem Becherglas wurden durch Verrühren miteinander vermischt: 30 g WD.2.1 , 1 g Harnstoff, 0,16 g Photoinitiator (D.1)In a beaker were mixed together by stirring: 30 g of WD.2.1, 1 g of urea, 0.16 g of photoinitiator (D.1)
6 g PoIy-THF mit einem mittleren Molekulargewicht Mn von 250 g/mol6 g of poly THF having an average molecular weight M n of 250 g / mol
7 g Polyethylenglykol mit Mn = 400 g/mol, 9,2 g Glycerin,7 g of polyethylene glycol with M n = 400 g / mol, 9.2 g of glycerol,
0,35 g Dipropylenglykoldiacrylat,0.35 g of dipropylene glycol diacrylate,
0,8 g einer 20 Gew.-% Lösung von Benzisothiazolin-3-on in Propylenglykol, 0,5 g ethoxyliertes Trisiloxan der Formel [(CH3)3Si-O]2Si(CH3)-O(CH2CH2O)8-H 51 ,04 g destilliertes Wasser.0.8 g of a 20 wt .-% solution of benzisothiazolin-3-one in propylene glycol, 0.5 g ethoxylated trisiloxane of the formula [(CH 3 ) 3 Si-O] 2 Si (CH 3 ) -O (CH 2 CH 2 O) 8 -H 51, 04 g of distilled water.
Man filtrierte über ein Glasfaserfilter (Ausschlussgröße 1 μm) und erhielt die erfindungsgemäße Tinte T2.1.2. Die erfindungsgemäße Tinte T2.1.2 hatte einen pH-Wert von 7,5 und eine dynamische Viskosität von 4,2 mPa-s.
III. Druckversuche mit erfindungsgemäßen Tinten für das Ink-Jet-VerfahrenIt was filtered through a glass fiber filter (exclusion size 1 micron) and received the ink according to the invention T2.1.2. The ink T2.1.2 according to the invention had a pH of 7.5 and a dynamic viscosity of 4.2 mPa.s. III. Printing tests with inks according to the invention for the ink-jet process
Die erfindungsgemäße Tinte T2.1.1 bzw. T2.1.2 wurde in jeweils eine Kartusche gefüllt und mit einem Drucker Mimaki TX2 720 bei 720 dpi auf Papier verdruckt. Man erhielt 5 DIN A4 Seiten ohne Verstopfung von Düsen. Die Reibechtheitstests ergaben gute Werte.The ink T2.1.1 or T2.1.2 according to the invention was filled in in each case a cartridge and printed on paper with a printer Mimaki TX2 720 at 720 dpi. One received 5 DIN A4 sides without blockage of nozzles. The rubbing fastness tests gave good values.
Weiterhin wurde die erfindungsgemäße Tinte T2.1.1 bzw. T2.1.2 mit einem Drucker Mimaki TX 2 720 bei 720 dpi auf Baumwolle verdruckt.Furthermore, the ink according to the invention T2.1.1 or T2.1.2 was printed with a printer Mimaki TX 2 720 at 720 dpi on cotton.
Es jeweils wurde nach drei Varianten fixiert: Variante 1 war eine thermische Trocknung mit anschließender Belichtung, Variante 2 war eine Belichtung mit aktinischer Strahlung mit anschließender thermischer Trocknung, und Variante 3 war eine Belichtung mit aktinischer Strahlung ohne thermische Trocknung.It was fixed in each case according to three variants: variant 1 was a thermal drying with subsequent exposure, variant 2 was an exposure to actinic radiation with subsequent thermal drying, and variant 3 was an exposure to actinic radiation without thermal drying.
Für eine thermische Trocknung trocknete man 5 Minuten in einem Trockenschrank bei 1000C.For a thermal drying was dried for 5 minutes in a drying oven at 100 0 C.
Für eine Bestrahlung mit aktinischer Strahlung setzte man ein UV-Bestrahlungsgerät der Fa. IST mit zwei verschiedenen UV-Strahlern: Eta Plus M-400-U2H, Eta Plus M- 400-U2HC ein. Man belichtete 10 Sekunden und trug dabei eine Energie von 1000 mJ/cm2 ein.For irradiation with actinic radiation, a UV irradiation device from the company IST was used with two different UV emitters: Eta Plus M-400-U2H, Eta Plus M-400-U2HC. It was exposed for 10 seconds and entered an energy of 1000 mJ / cm 2 .
Man erhielt die erfindungsgemäßen bedruckten Substrate S2.1.1 bis S2.3.1 (Tinte T2.1.1) und S2.1.2 bis S2.3.2 (Tinte T2.1.2) gemäß Tabelle 2 und 3 und bestimmte die Reibechtheit nach ISO-105-D02:1993 und die Waschechtheit nach ISO 105-C06:1994.This gave the printed substrates according to the invention S2.1.1 to S2.3.1 (ink T2.1.1) and S2.1.2 to S2.3.2 (ink T2.1.2) according to Table 2 and 3 and certain the rubfastness according to ISO-105-D02: 1993 and wash fastness according to ISO 105-C06: 1994.
Tabelle 2: Echtheiten von erfindungemäß bedruckter BaumwolleTable 2: fastness of erfindungemäß printed cotton
Claims
1. Wässrige Dispersion, enthaltend ein zumindest partiell mit mindestens einem strahlungshärtbaren Polyurethan (A) umhülltes Pigment (B), wobei mindestens ein strahlungshärtbares Polyurethan (A) erhältlich ist durch Umsetzung von1. Aqueous dispersion comprising at least partially coated with at least one radiation-curable polyurethane (A) pigment (B), wherein at least one radiation-curable polyurethane (A) is obtainable by reacting
(a) mindestens einem Di- oder Polyisocyanat, das im Mittel 1 bis 10 Allopha- natgruppen und im Mittel 1 bis 10 C-C-Doppelbindungen pro Molekül enthält, mit (b) mindestens einem weiteren Diisocyanat und(A) at least one di- or polyisocyanate containing on average 1 to 10 Allopha- natgruppen and an average of 1 to 10 C-C double bonds per molecule, with (b) at least one further diisocyanate and
(c) mindestens einer Verbindung mit mindestens zwei mit Isocyanat zur Reaktion befähigten Gruppen.(c) at least one compound having at least two isocyanate-reactive groups.
2. Wässrige Dispersion nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Di- oder Polyisocyanat (a) hergestellt ist durch Umsetzung von mindestens einem Di- oder2. Aqueous dispersion according to claim 1, characterized in that di- or polyisocyanate (a) is prepared by reacting at least one di- or
Polyisocyanat (a1) mit mindestens einer Verbindung der allgemeinen Formel IPolyisocyanate (a1) with at least one compound of general formula I.
wobei die Variablen wie folgt definiert sind:where the variables are defined as follows:
R1, R2 gleich oder verschieden und unabhängig voneinander gewählt aus Wasserstoff und C1-C10-AIkVl, X1 gewählt aus Sauerstoff und N-R3, A1 gewählt aus CrC^-Alkylen, unsubstituiert oder ein- oder mehrfach substituiert mit CrC4-Alkyl, Phenyl oder O-C1-C4-Alkyl, wobei in C1-C20-Al- kylen eine oder mehrere nicht-benachbarte CH2-Gruppen durch Sauerstoff ersetzt sein können; X2 gewählt aus Hydroxyl und NH-R3, R3 gleich oder verschieden und gewählt aus Wasserstoff, CrC^-Alkyl undR 1 , R 2 are identical or different and are independently selected from hydrogen and C 1 -C 10 -AlkVl, X 1 selected from oxygen and NR 3 , A 1 selected from CrC ^ alkylene, unsubstituted or mono- or polysubstituted with C r is C 4 -alkyl, phenyl or OC 1 -C 4 -alkyl, where in C 1 -C 20 -alkylene one or more non-adjacent CH 2 groups may be replaced by oxygen; X 2 selected from hydroxyl and NH-R 3 , R 3 are identical or different and selected from hydrogen, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl and
Phenyl.Phenyl.
3. Wässrige Dispersion nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man mindestens eine Verbindung mit mindestens zwei mit Isocyanat zur Reakti- on befähigten Gruppen (c) wählt aus 1 ,1 ,1-Trimethylol-CrC4-Alkylcarbonsäuren,3. Aqueous dispersion according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one compound having at least two groups (c) capable of reacting with isocyanate is selected from 1,1,1-trimethylol-C 1 -C 4 -alkylcarboxylic acids,
Zitronensäure, 1 , 1 -Dimethylol-CrC^Alkylcarbonsäuren, 1 , 1 -Dimethylol-CrC4-AI- kylsulfonsäuren, Poly-C2-C3-alkylenglykolen mit im Mittel 3 bis 300 C2-C3-Alkylen- oxideinheiten pro Molekül, hydrophilen Polyaminen mit COOM- oder SO3M-Gruppen, wobei M gewählt wird aus Alkalimetallionen und Ammoniumionen, Polyesterdiolen, die herstellbar sind durch Polykondensation von mindestens einem aliphatischen oder cycloaliphatischen Diol mit mindestens einer aliphatischen, aromatischen oder cycloaliphatischen Dicarbonsäure.Citric acid, 1,1-dimethylol-C 1 -C 4 -alkylcarboxylic acids, 1,1-dimethylol-C r C 4 -alkylsulfonic acids, poly-C 2 -C 3 -alkylene glycols with an average of 3 to 300 C 2 -C 3 -alkylene glycols oxide units per molecule, hydrophilic polyamines with COOM or SO 3 M groups, where M is selected from alkali metal ions and ammonium ions, polyester diols which can be prepared by polycondensation of at least one aliphatic or cycloaliphatic diol with at least one aliphatic, aromatic or cycloaliphatic dicarboxylic acid.
4. Wässrige Dispersion nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, enthaltend weiterhin mindestens ein Polyurethan (C), das durch Umsetzung von Diisocyanat (b) mit Verbindung mit mindestens zwei mit Isocyanat zur Reaktion befähigten Gruppen (c) erhältlich ist.4. An aqueous dispersion according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising at least one polyurethane (C) obtainable by reacting diisocyanate (b) with compound having at least two isocyanate-reactive groups (c).
5. Wässrige Dispersion nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Pigment5. Aqueous dispersion according to claim 4, characterized in that pigment
(B) partiell mit Polyurethan (C) umhüllt ist.(B) is partially coated with polyurethane (C).
6. Wässrige Dispersion nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, enthaltend mindestens einen Photoinitiator (D).6. Aqueous dispersion according to one of claims 1 to 5, comprising at least one photoinitiator (D).
7. Wässrige Dispersion nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es sich bei mindestens einem Photoinitiator (D) um einen α-Zerfaller oder um einen Wasserstoff-abstrahierenden Photoinitiator handelt.7. Aqueous dispersion according to claim 6, characterized in that at least one photoinitiator (D) is an α-decamer or a hydrogen-abstracting photoinitiator.
8. Wässrige Dispersion nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man strahlungshärtbares Polyurethan (A) herstellt durch Umsetzung von8. Aqueous dispersion according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that one prepares radiation-curable polyurethane (A) by reaction of
(a) mindestens einem Di- oder Polyisocyanat, das im Mittel 1 bis 10 Allopha- natgruppen und im Mittel 1 bis 10 C-C-Doppelbindungen pro Molekül enthält, mit(A) at least one di- or polyisocyanate containing on average 1 to 10 Allopha- natgruppen and an average of 1 to 10 C-C double bonds per molecule, with
(b) mindestens einem weiteren Diisocyanat,(b) at least one further diisocyanate,
(c) mindestens einer Verbindung mit mindestens zwei mit Isocyanat zur Reak- tion befähigten Gruppen und(c) at least one compound having at least two isocyanate-reactive groups and
(d) mindestens einer Verbindung der allgemeinen Formel I.(d) at least one compound of general formula I.
9. Verfahren zur Herstellung von wässrigen Dispersionen nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man mindestens ein Pig- ment (B) mit mindestens einem strahlungshärtbaren Polyurethan (A) dispergiert und gegebenenfalls vor oder nach dem Dispergieren mindestens ein Polyurethan9. A process for preparing aqueous dispersions according to at least one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that at least one pigment (B) with at least one radiation-curable polyurethane (A) dispersed and optionally before or after dispersing at least one polyurethane
(C) und/oder mindestens einen Photoinitiator (D) zugibt.(C) and / or at least one photoinitiator (D) is added.
10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man das Dispergie- ren in einer Kugelmühle durchführt. 10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that one carries out the dispersing ren in a ball mill.
11. Verwendung von wässrigen Dispersionen nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8 als oder zur Herstellung von Formulierungen zum Färben oder Bedrucken von Substraten.11. Use of aqueous dispersions according to any one of claims 1 to 8 as or for the preparation of formulations for dyeing or printing substrates.
12. Verfahren zum Färben oder Bedrucken von Substraten unter Verwendung von mindestens einer wässrigen Dispersion nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8.12. A process for dyeing or printing substrates using at least one aqueous dispersion according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
13. Substrate, gefärbt oder bedruckt nach einem Verfahren nach Anspruch 12.13. Substrates, dyed or printed by a method according to claim 12.
14. Verfahren zur Herstellung von Tinten für das Ink-Jet- Verfahren unter Verwendung von mindestens einer wässrigen Dispersion nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8.14. A process for the preparation of inks for the ink-jet process using at least one aqueous dispersion according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
15. Tinten für das Ink-Jet- Verfahren, enthaltend mindestens eine wässrige Dispersi- on nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8.15. inks for the ink-jet process, comprising at least one aqueous dispersion according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
16. Verfahren zum Bedrucken von Substraten unter Verwendung von Tinten für das I nk- Jet-Verfahren nach Anspruch 15.16. A process for printing on substrates using inks for the ink jet process according to claim 15.
17. Bedruckte Substrate, erhältlich nach einem Verfahren nach Anspruch 16.17. Printed substrates obtainable by a process according to claim 16.
18. Zumindest partiell umhülltes Pigment, hergestellt durch Dispergieren von mindestens einem Pigment (B) und mindestens einem strahlungshärtbaren Polyurethan (A), wobei strahlungshärtbares Polyurethan (A) erhältlich ist durch Umsetzung von18. At least partially coated pigment prepared by dispersing at least one pigment (B) and at least one radiation-curable polyurethane (A), wherein radiation-curable polyurethane (A) is obtainable by reacting
(a) mindestens einem Di- oder Polyisocyanat, das im Mittel 1 bis 10 Allopha- natgruppen und im Mittel 1 bis 10 C-C-Doppelbindungen pro Molekül enthält, mit (b) mindestens einem weiteren Diisocyanat und(A) at least one di- or polyisocyanate containing on average 1 to 10 Allopha- natgruppen and an average of 1 to 10 C-C double bonds per molecule, with (b) at least one further diisocyanate and
(c) mindestens einer Verbindung mit mindestens zwei mit Isocyanat zur Reaktion befähigten Gruppen.(c) at least one compound having at least two isocyanate-reactive groups.
19. Zumindest partiell umhülltes Pigment nach Anspruch 18, dadurch gekennzeich- net, dass Di- oder Polyisocyanat (a) hergestellt ist durch Umsetzung von mindestens einem Di- oder Polyisocyanat (a1 ) mit mindestens einer Verbindung der allgemeinen Formel I19. At least partially coated pigment according to claim 18, characterized in that di- or polyisocyanate (a) is prepared by reacting at least one di- or polyisocyanate (a1) with at least one compound of the general formula I.
enthalten, in der die Variablen wie folgt definiert sind: in which the variables are defined as follows:
R1, R2 gleich oder verschieden und unabhängig voneinander gewählt aus Wasserstoff und C1-C10-AIkYl, X1 gewählt aus Sauerstoff und N-R3,R 1 , R 2 are identical or different and are independently selected from hydrogen and C 1 -C 10 -alkyl, X 1 selected from oxygen and NR 3 ,
A1 gewählt aus CrC2o-Alkylen, unsubstituiert oder ein- oder mehrfach substituiert mit C1-C4-AIkVl, Phenyl oder 0-C1-C4-AIkYl, wobei in C1-C20-AI- kylen eine oder mehrere nicht-benachbarte CH2-Gruppen durch Sauerstoff ersetzt sein können; X2 gewählt aus Hydroxyl und NH-R3,A 1 selected from C r C 2 o-alkylene, unsubstituted or mono- or polysubstituted by C 1 -C 4 -AlkVl, phenyl or 0-C 1 -C 4 -AlkYl, wherein in C 1 -C 20 -Al- kylene one or more non-adjacent CH 2 groups may be replaced by oxygen; X 2 selected from hydroxyl and NH-R 3 ,
R3 gleich oder verschieden und gewählt aus Wasserstoff, C1-Ci0-AIkVl und Phenyl.R 3 are identical or different and are selected from hydrogen, C 1 -C 0 -alkyl and phenyl.
20. Zumindest partiell umhülltes Pigment nach Anspruch 18 oder 19, dadurch ge- kennzeichnet, dass strahlungshärtbares Polyurethan (A) hergestellt ist durch20. At least partially coated pigment according to claim 18 or 19, character- ized in that radiation-curable polyurethane (A) is prepared by
Umsetzung vonImplementation of
(a) mindestens einem Di- oder Polyisocyanat, das im Mittel 1 bis 10 Allopha- natgruppen und im Mittel 1 bis 10 C-C-Doppelbindungen pro Molekül ent- hält, mit(a) at least one di- or polyisocyanate containing on average from 1 to 10 allophanate groups and on average from 1 to 10 C-C double bonds per molecule
(b) mindestens einem weiteren Diisocyanat,(b) at least one further diisocyanate,
(c) mindestens einer Verbindung mit mindestens zwei mit Isocyanat zur Reaktion befähigten Gruppen und(C) at least one compound having at least two isocyanate-reactive groups and
(d) mindestens einer Verbindung der allgemeinen Formel I(d) at least one compound of the general formula I
in der die Vaαriablen wie folgt definiert sind:in which the variables are defined as follows:
R1, R2 gleich oder verschieden und unabhängig voneinander gewählt aus Wasserstoff und C1-C10-AIkYl1 X1 gewählt aus Sauerstoff und N-R3,R 1 , R 2 are the same or different and are independently selected from hydrogen and C 1 -C 10 -alkyl 1 X 1 selected from oxygen and NR 3 ,
A1 gewählt aus CrC2o-Alkylen, unsubstituiert oder ein- oder mehrfach substituiert mit C1-C4-AIkYl1 Phenyl oder O-CrC4-Alkyl, wobei in C1-C20-Al- kylen eine oder mehrere nicht-benachbarte CH2-Gruppen durch Sauerstoff ersetzt sein können; X2 gewählt aus Hydroxyl und NH-R3, R3 gleich oder verschieden und gewählt aus Wasserstoff, CrC10-Alkyl undA 1 selected from C r C 2 o-alkylene, unsubstituted or mono- or polysubstituted with C 1 -C 4 -AlkYl 1 phenyl or OC r C 4 alkyl, wherein in C 1 -C 20 alkylene one or several non-adjacent CH 2 groups may be replaced by oxygen; X 2 selected from hydroxyl and NH-R 3 , R 3 is identical or different and selected from hydrogen, C r C 10 alkyl and
Phenyl. Phenyl.
21. Strahlungshärtbares Polyurethan, hergestellt durch Umsetzung von21. Radiation curable polyurethane, prepared by reaction of
(a) mindestens einem Di- oder Polyisocyanat, das im Mittel 1 bis 10 Allopha- natgruppen und im Mittel 1 bis 10 C-C-Doppelbindungen pro Molekül enthält, mit(A) at least one di- or polyisocyanate containing on average 1 to 10 Allopha- natgruppen and an average of 1 to 10 C-C double bonds per molecule, with
(b) mindestens einem weiteren Diisocyanat,(b) at least one further diisocyanate,
(c) mindestens einer Verbindung mit mindestens zwei mit Isocyanat zur Reak- tion befähigten Gruppen und(c) at least one compound having at least two isocyanate-reactive groups and
(d) mindestens einer Verbindung der allgemeinen Formel I. (d) at least one compound of general formula I.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE200510008931 DE102005008931A1 (en) | 2005-02-24 | 2005-02-24 | Aqueous dispersion, useful e.g. to prepare coloring composition, comprises a pigment coated with radiation-hardenable polyurethane |
DE200510008932 DE102005008932A1 (en) | 2005-02-24 | 2005-02-24 | Radiation-hardenable aqueous polyurethane dispersion, useful as coating mass, comprises: compounds e.g. with free isocyanides-, reactive isocyanides- and acid groups; basic compounds; polyisocyanates; additives; water; and di-/polyamines |
PCT/EP2006/060229 WO2006089933A1 (en) | 2005-02-24 | 2006-02-23 | Pigments that are at least partially sheathed in radiation-curable polyurethane, their production and use |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1856171A1 true EP1856171A1 (en) | 2007-11-21 |
Family
ID=36337438
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP06708483A Withdrawn EP1856171A1 (en) | 2005-02-24 | 2006-02-23 | Pigments that are at least partially sheathed in radiation-curable polyurethane, their production and use |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20080182080A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1856171A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2008531778A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2598569A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2006089933A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7776969B2 (en) * | 2006-12-04 | 2010-08-17 | Bayer Materialscience Llc | Allophanate-modified stabilizers and the polymer polyols prepared from these stabilizers |
JP5596351B2 (en) * | 2007-02-15 | 2014-09-24 | ビーエーエスエフ ソシエタス・ヨーロピア | Polyurethane dispersion, production method and use thereof |
ES2316295B1 (en) * | 2007-08-14 | 2010-02-05 | Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Cientificas (33,33%) | CURABLE INK AND ITS APPLICATIONS, IN PRINTING PROCEDURES. |
EP2143748A1 (en) * | 2008-07-10 | 2010-01-13 | Cytec Surface Specialties, S.A. | Aqueous radiation curable polyurethane compositions |
CN102119183B (en) | 2008-08-12 | 2013-10-23 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | Use of aqueous polyurethane dispersions in printing inks and corresponding printing process |
JP5678389B2 (en) * | 2009-09-02 | 2015-03-04 | 東海カーボン株式会社 | Method for producing aqueous dispersion of polyurethane resin-added pigment, aqueous dispersion of polyurethane resin-added pigment, and ink composition |
JP5585957B2 (en) * | 2010-08-12 | 2014-09-10 | 東海カーボン株式会社 | Polyurethane resin-added pigment, method for producing polyurethane resin-added pigment, pigment dispersion composition, and inkjet ink composition |
JP5625623B2 (en) * | 2010-08-27 | 2014-11-19 | 三菱レイヨン株式会社 | Active energy ray-curable composition and gasket |
US9358576B2 (en) | 2010-11-05 | 2016-06-07 | International Paper Company | Packaging material having moisture barrier and methods for preparing same |
US9365980B2 (en) | 2010-11-05 | 2016-06-14 | International Paper Company | Packaging material having moisture barrier and methods for preparing same |
JP2012162641A (en) * | 2011-02-07 | 2012-08-30 | Tokai Carbon Co Ltd | Method for producing pigment dispersion composition |
EP2721085A1 (en) * | 2011-06-14 | 2014-04-23 | Basf Se | Radiation-curable aqueous polyurethane dispersions |
WO2013009342A1 (en) * | 2011-07-14 | 2013-01-17 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Method of preparing encapsulated pigment dispersions with minimal free polymer |
TWI486407B (en) * | 2012-07-09 | 2015-06-01 | Wistron Corp | Aqueous coating material and method of forming planarizied object |
CN104755522B (en) * | 2012-10-24 | 2018-11-13 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | Radiation-curable water-dispersible polyurethane (methyl) acrylate |
BR112015011022A2 (en) | 2012-11-16 | 2017-07-11 | Basf Se | polyurethane, aqueous dispersions, flexo or gravure ink, use of an aqueous dispersion, and process for printing a substrate |
JP6172661B2 (en) * | 2013-05-15 | 2017-08-02 | 東海カーボン株式会社 | Polyurethane resin adhesion pigment, pigment dispersion composition, and ink jet ink composition |
US10131814B2 (en) * | 2013-08-26 | 2018-11-20 | Basf Se | Radiation-curable water-dispersible polyurethane (meth)acrylates |
JP6402977B2 (en) * | 2014-07-07 | 2018-10-10 | Dic株式会社 | Printing agents and fabrics |
US11897995B2 (en) * | 2019-07-18 | 2024-02-13 | Basf Se | Allophanate based dispersing agent |
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DE2936039A1 (en) * | 1979-09-06 | 1981-04-02 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | WATER-DISPERSIBLE, JET-CROSS-LINKABLE BINDERS FROM URETHANACRYLATE, A METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF AND THE USE OF THESE BINDERS IN AQUEOUS DISPERSION ON THE PAINTING, PRINTING COLOR AND TEXTILE COLOR |
IL111014A (en) * | 1994-09-21 | 1999-05-09 | Scitex Corp Ltd | Ink compositions and a method for making same |
DE4434554A1 (en) * | 1994-09-28 | 1996-04-04 | Basf Ag | Radiation-curable aqueous polyurethane dispersions |
JPH08311384A (en) * | 1995-05-22 | 1996-11-26 | Dainippon Ink & Chem Inc | Polymer fine particle for stencil printing ink |
DE19636382A1 (en) * | 1996-09-09 | 1998-03-12 | Bayer Ag | Pigment preparations for ink jet printing |
DE19727767A1 (en) * | 1997-06-30 | 1999-01-07 | Basf Ag | Pigment preparations with radiation-curable binder suitable as ink-jet inks |
ES2193764T3 (en) * | 1998-11-16 | 2003-11-01 | Max Planck Gesellschaft | POLYADITIONS IN WATER AND NON-WATERY MINIEMULSIONS. |
DE19860041A1 (en) * | 1998-12-23 | 2000-06-29 | Basf Ag | Coating agents curable by addition to isocyanate groups and also by radiation-induced addition to activated C-C double bonds |
DE10002089A1 (en) * | 2000-01-19 | 2001-07-26 | Basf Ag | Weather-stable, radiation-curable polyurethanes |
DE10020195A1 (en) * | 2000-04-25 | 2001-10-31 | Basf Ag | PU-modified mini-emulsion polymers |
DE10031258A1 (en) * | 2000-06-27 | 2002-01-10 | Basf Ag | Curable aqueous polyurethane dispersions |
EP1293544B1 (en) * | 2001-09-17 | 2005-02-16 | Konica Corporation | Colored fine particle dispersion and a water-based ink for an ink-jet system |
DE10246512A1 (en) * | 2002-10-04 | 2004-04-15 | Bayer Ag | Low-viscosity radiation-curing and thermally curing polyisocyanates |
US7429103B2 (en) * | 2002-12-19 | 2008-09-30 | Konica Minolts Holdings, Inc. | Method of inkjet recording |
DE10360043A1 (en) * | 2003-12-18 | 2005-07-21 | Basf Ag | Pigments coated with polyaddition products, process for their preparation and their use |
-
2006
- 2006-02-23 CA CA002598569A patent/CA2598569A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-02-23 WO PCT/EP2006/060229 patent/WO2006089933A1/en active Application Filing
- 2006-02-23 JP JP2007556609A patent/JP2008531778A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-02-23 US US11/816,467 patent/US20080182080A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-02-23 EP EP06708483A patent/EP1856171A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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Also Published As
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US20080182080A1 (en) | 2008-07-31 |
WO2006089933A1 (en) | 2006-08-31 |
CA2598569A1 (en) | 2006-08-31 |
JP2008531778A (en) | 2008-08-14 |
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