EP1855353A2 - Electric plug connector - Google Patents
Electric plug connector Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1855353A2 EP1855353A2 EP07004975A EP07004975A EP1855353A2 EP 1855353 A2 EP1855353 A2 EP 1855353A2 EP 07004975 A EP07004975 A EP 07004975A EP 07004975 A EP07004975 A EP 07004975A EP 1855353 A2 EP1855353 A2 EP 1855353A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- busbar
- steel sheet
- spring steel
- leaf spring
- electr
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229910000639 Spring steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 210000002105 tongue Anatomy 0.000 claims description 56
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000748095 Hymenopappus filifolius Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
- H01R4/28—Clamped connections, spring connections
- H01R4/48—Clamped connections, spring connections utilising a spring, clip, or other resilient member
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
- H01R4/28—Clamped connections, spring connections
- H01R4/48—Clamped connections, spring connections utilising a spring, clip, or other resilient member
- H01R4/4809—Clamped connections, spring connections utilising a spring, clip, or other resilient member using a leaf spring to bias the conductor toward the busbar
- H01R4/48185—Clamped connections, spring connections utilising a spring, clip, or other resilient member using a leaf spring to bias the conductor toward the busbar adapted for axial insertion of a wire end
- H01R4/4819—Clamped connections, spring connections utilising a spring, clip, or other resilient member using a leaf spring to bias the conductor toward the busbar adapted for axial insertion of a wire end the spring shape allowing insertion of the conductor end when the spring is unbiased
- H01R4/4821—Single-blade spring
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
- H01R4/28—Clamped connections, spring connections
- H01R4/48—Clamped connections, spring connections utilising a spring, clip, or other resilient member
- H01R4/4809—Clamped connections, spring connections utilising a spring, clip, or other resilient member using a leaf spring to bias the conductor toward the busbar
- H01R4/4846—Busbar details
- H01R4/485—Single busbar common to multiple springs
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R11/00—Individual connecting elements providing two or more spaced connecting locations for conductive members which are, or may be, thereby interconnected, e.g. end pieces for wires or cables supported by the wire or cable and having means for facilitating electrical connection to some other wire, terminal, or conductive member, blocks of binding posts
- H01R11/03—Individual connecting elements providing two or more spaced connecting locations for conductive members which are, or may be, thereby interconnected, e.g. end pieces for wires or cables supported by the wire or cable and having means for facilitating electrical connection to some other wire, terminal, or conductive member, blocks of binding posts characterised by the relationship between the connecting locations
- H01R11/09—Individual connecting elements providing two or more spaced connecting locations for conductive members which are, or may be, thereby interconnected, e.g. end pieces for wires or cables supported by the wire or cable and having means for facilitating electrical connection to some other wire, terminal, or conductive member, blocks of binding posts characterised by the relationship between the connecting locations the connecting locations being identical
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R2101/00—One pole
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
- H01R4/22—End caps, i.e. of insulating or conductive material for covering or maintaining connections between wires entering the cap from the same end
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R9/00—Structural associations of a plurality of mutually-insulated electrical connecting elements, e.g. terminal strips or terminal blocks; Terminals or binding posts mounted upon a base or in a case; Bases therefor
- H01R9/22—Bases, e.g. strip, block, panel
- H01R9/24—Terminal blocks
Definitions
- connection terminal for electrical conductors with a terminal housing made of insulating material and having a contact insert having a plurality of juxtaposed in a row terminal points, in which the stripped ends of the electr. Ladder from the same side of the terminal housing can be inserted parallel to each other.
- the contact insert of such terminals usually consists of one piece Spring steel plate and a busbar common to all terminal points, which is made of a highly electrically conductive material.
- a plurality of leaf springs in the form of leaf spring tongues are cut free (or punched) according to the number of clamping points such that their tongue roots are connected to the upper edge region of the spring steel sheet.
- the free ends of the leaf spring tongues extend in the direction of the lower edge of the spring steel sheet and are each directed against the busbar. They form with the busbar each a terminal point for the electrical and mechanical terminals of an inserted into the connection terminal electrical conductor
- connection terminals has been known since 1973 ( DE 23 17 040 C3 ). It has in its basic structure a busbar in the form of a solid (thick), inherently stiff contact plate of a highly electrically conductive copper material.
- the contact plate is the supporting element of the contact insert.
- the spring steel plate is attached with the cut-leaf spring tongues.
- a window recess is incorporated for each nip. The electrical conductor to be clamped is first inserted through the window recess, and then the plugged-through conductor end by means of the free end of the respectively associated leaf spring tongue against the clamped lower edge or against the lower edge region of the contact plate.
- the original flat contact plate can also be angularly deformed.
- Such deformation does not change the fact that always the contact plate or the angularly deformed contact body is the solid (thick) supporting element of the contact insert, in which the window recesses are incorporated, through which the electrical conductors to be clamped must be inserted before the inserted through conductor end in the Clamping point can be clamped.
- the present invention is based on the terminal type according to the aforementioned DE 203 03 537 U1 out.
- the stripped ends of the electrical conductors are first inserted through one of the window recesses, which are caused by the cutout of the leaf spring tongues in the spring steel sheet.
- Conductors are then electrically and mechanically clamped in the clamping points formed between the free ends of the leaf spring tongues and the respective strip or bar shaped bus bar.
- the object of the invention is to show for connection terminals of this type that also the second of the mentioned market requirements, namely the height reduction can be met.
- This object is achieved in that the main extension direction of the window recesses in the spring steel sheet intersect the axes of the clamped electrical conductors at a maximum flat angle of attack, which is achieved in that both the upper edge region of the spring steel sheet with the tongue roots of the leaf spring tongues and the lower edge region the spring steel sheet with the position-held busbar each closely adjacent to the stripped ends of the clamped electr. Head are positioned.
- This teaching of the invention involves a new approach. So far, it has been considered by the professionals as common and considered necessary to arrange the upper edge region of the spring steel sheet as possible with the tongue roots of the leaf spring tongues away from the electrical conductor to be clamped, so that the length of the leaf spring tongues allows a sufficient spring stroke and thus a steeper angle of the leaf spring tongue against the clamped electrical conductor high Porterauszugs practice supplies.
- the teachings of the invention take a different approach. It combines a maximum flat angle of attack with a short leaf spring length and thus achieved for the new terminals according to the invention a considerable reduction in height, without this (as will be described in more detail below) adverse effects on the Leitererklemm format and / or the chief executive has or must have.
- connection terminal e.g., a junction box terminal
- connection terminal e.g., a junction box terminal
- Both Deformations root arc + reversal arc
- Both Deformations are carried out with a cold work hardening of the spring material, so that despite the low angle of attack of the leaf spring tongues against the clamped electrical conductor high spring forces can be achieved.
- Double-row connection terminals are usually only the mirror-symmetrical duplication of a single-row terminal.
- a further inventive measure can be seen in the technical solution, as a flat and in its wall thickness preferably thin busbar by means of the lower edge region of the spring steel sheet held fixed in position with no additional fastening aids (such as spot welding, riveting or caulking).
- the solution according to claim 4 shows that, for the purpose of fixing the position of the busbar, the lower edge region of the spring steel sheet is bent back with a portion of the window recesses there against the Porterereinsteckutter, creating a against the Porterereinsteck512 open and on its other sides metal-captioned V formed-shaped receiving space is formed.
- the lengths of the leaf spring tongues are dimensioned so that their tongue ends pass through the Heilaus fundamentalungen the spring steel sheet at unoccupied, closed nip and rest against the underside of the busbar and this fix.
- This method of fixing the position of a flat, strip-shaped busbar (or, if desired, a rod-shaped busbar) on or in the lower edge region of the spring steel sheet also has significant advantages in the manufacture of the new terminal by manufacturing machines.
- the busbar can be easily inserted into the V-shaped receiving space of the spring steel sheet and without further auxiliary devices.
- prefixing Of the prefixed contact insert can be used in its entirety also automatically by automatic production machine in an insulating material.
- Such a bus bar has a flat (bottomless) underside, which may be positioned in the V-shaped receiving space so that it is inclined against the Porterereinsteckraum such that the underside of the busbar for the inserted into the terminal point electrical conductor serves as an inlet slope ( see claim 6).
- FIG. 1 shows in cross-section the terminal housing 10 with a superior in autismeinsteckraum housing cover 11 having the Porterereinsteckö réelleen 12, 13 and 14 for the rectified and parallel insertion of a total of three electrical conductors 15 (see Fig. 3).
- FIGs 4, 5 and 6 show the contact insert which is installed in the terminal housing.
- the contact insert consists of a piece of spring steel sheet 16 (see Fig. 6) and a bus bar 17 (see Fig. 5), which is made of a highly electrically conductive copper material.
- the illustrated 3-conductor connection terminal has three terminal points.
- the clamping points are each formed between the free ends 20 of the leaf spring tongues 21 and the bus bar 17. This shows best shown in Fig. 4 side view of the assembled contact insert.
- the leaf spring tongues 21 are cut from the spring steel sheet 16 in the manner (see Fig. 6) that their tongue roots 22 are fixedly connected to the so-called upper edge portion 23 of the spring steel sheet.
- the free ends of the leaf spring tongues 21 extend in the direction of the lower edge region 24 of the spring steel sheet.
- the lower edge region 24 of the spring steel sheet is bent back with the section 25 of the window recesses ending there against the conductor insertion direction, whereby by means of the spring steel sheet a V-shaped receiving space 26 which is open against the conductor insertion direction and largely metal-mounted on its other sides is formed.
- the bus bar 17 shown in Fig. 5 is inserted.
- the busbar 17 is formed in cross section as a flat, strip-shaped busbar. It extends over all three terminal points. Its wall thickness is relatively thin and only slightly stronger than the material thickness of the spring steel sheet (see Fig .. 4).
- the busbar has three laterally projecting busbar heads 27, which extend into the V-shaped receiving space 26 in the bent back in Leitereinsteckides sections 25 of the window recesses upon insertion of the busbar.
- the flat and relatively thin bus bar 17 is positioned in the V-shaped receiving space 26 so that its smooth underside serves as an inlet slope for the electrical conductor to be inserted.
- a comparison of Fig. 4 with Fig. 2 shows this in more detail.
- the last end 20 of the Leaf spring tongues are slightly angled against the clamped conductors, so that the measured in the clamping edge of the tongue ends against the electrical conductor wedge angle ⁇ 10 °. This wedge angle design increases the ladder pull-out forces.
- the conductor clamping forces that exert the leaf spring tongues as a result of the manufacturing technology pre-deformed root bow 28 and the pre-deformed reverse bend 29 on the clamped electrical conductor are sufficiently large. They are assisted by the separating cuts 30 in the spring steel sheet (see FIG. 6), which form separate support webs 31 adjacent to each leaf spring tongue on both sides, which springs independently during rebound of the leaf spring tongue. In order to reinforce this desired co-springing of the support webs 31, the support webs each have pre-formed suspension bends 32 (see FIGS. 4 and 6).
- Fig. 2 and Fig. 1 show that both the upper edge portion 23 of the spring steel sheet with the tongue roots 22 of the leaf spring tongues and the lower edge portion 24 of the spring steel sheet with the position-held busbar 17 each closely adjacent to the stripped ends 18 of the clamped electrical Head 15 are positioned.
- the main extension direction of the window recesses which have been created by the free cutting (or free dancing) of the leaf spring tongues in the spring steel sheet, intersect the axes of the clamped electrical conductors at a maximum flat angle of attack.
- the overall height of the contact insert (and thus the overall height of the connection terminal) is significantly reduced.
Landscapes
- Connections Arranged To Contact A Plurality Of Conductors (AREA)
- Connections Effected By Soldering, Adhesion, Or Permanent Deformation (AREA)
- Cable Accessories (AREA)
- Details Of Connecting Devices For Male And Female Coupling (AREA)
- Connector Housings Or Holding Contact Members (AREA)
- Coupling Device And Connection With Printed Circuit (AREA)
- Clamps And Clips (AREA)
- Installation Of Bus-Bars (AREA)
- Breakers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Verbindungsklemme für elektrische Leiter mit einem Klemmengehäuse aus Isolierstoff und mit einem Kontakteinsatz, der mehrere in einer Reihe nebeneinander angeordnete Klemmstellen aufweist, in die die abisolierten Enden der elektr. Leiter von derselben Seite des Klemmgehäuses parallel zueinander einsteckbar sind.The invention relates to a connection terminal for electrical conductors with a terminal housing made of insulating material and having a contact insert having a plurality of juxtaposed in a row terminal points, in which the stripped ends of the electr. Ladder from the same side of the terminal housing can be inserted parallel to each other.
Der Kontakteinsatz solcher Klemmen besteht üblicherweise aus einem Stück Federstahlblech und einer allen Klemmstellen gemeinsamen Stromschiene, die aus einem elektrisch gut leitfähigen Material gefertigt ist. Aus dem Stück Federstahlblech sind entsprechend der Anzahl der Klemmstellen mehrere Blattfedern in der Form von Blattfederzungen freigeschnitten (oder freigestanzt) derart, daß ihre Zungenwurzeln mit dem oberen Randbereich des Federstahlbleches verbunden sind. Die freien Enden der Blattfederzungen erstrecken sich in Richtung des unteren Randes des Federstahlbleches und sind jeweils gegen die Stromschiene gerichtet. Sie bilden mit der Stromschiene jeweils eine Klemmstelle zum elektrischen und mechanischen Klemmen eines in die Verbindungsklemme eingesteckten elektrischen LeitersThe contact insert of such terminals usually consists of one piece Spring steel plate and a busbar common to all terminal points, which is made of a highly electrically conductive material. From the piece of spring steel sheet a plurality of leaf springs in the form of leaf spring tongues are cut free (or punched) according to the number of clamping points such that their tongue roots are connected to the upper edge region of the spring steel sheet. The free ends of the leaf spring tongues extend in the direction of the lower edge of the spring steel sheet and are each directed against the busbar. They form with the busbar each a terminal point for the electrical and mechanical terminals of an inserted into the connection terminal electrical conductor
Die Urform solcher Verbindungsklemmen ist seit 1973 bekannt (
Die vorgenannte Urform der Verbindungsdosenklemmen ist im Laufe der Jahre vielfach modifiziert worden. So ist z.B. in der
Klemmen des vorgenannten Typs werden auch heute noch in großem Umfang in der Gebäudeinstallation verwendet. Jedoch, auch ein erfolgreiches Produkt ist den Forderungen des Marktes unterworfen. Diese Forderungen sind (wie meist immer) darauf gerichtet, kostengünstiger zu produzieren (= Kostenreduzierung) und möglichst auch noch kleiner zu bauen (= Bauhöhenreduzierung).Clamps of the aforementioned type are still widely used in building installations today. However, even a successful product is subject to the demands of the market. These demands are (as always always) aimed at producing more cost-effectively (= cost reduction) and, if possible, even smaller (= reduction in height).
Um die ersten Forderung der Kostenreduzierung zu erfüllen, ist ausgehend von den vorgenannten Urformen ein Nachfolgetyp entwickelt worden, bei dem die aus dem relativ teuren Kupfermaterial gefertigten massiven (dicken) Kontaktplatten/Kontaktkörper ersetzt sind durch eine im Querschnitt sehr viel kleinere Stromschiene, die sich in Art einer Stromschienenleiste oder eines Stromschienenstabes quer zu den Blattfederzungen erstreckt. Solche leisten- oder stabförmigen Stromschienen sind hinsichtlich der Verwendung des teuren Kupfer-Materials auf das jeweilige Minimum der Stromleitungsquerschnitte beschränkt. Diese Stromschienen haben (bezogen auf den Kontakteinsatz) nicht mehr die Funktion eines tragenden Elementes, und sie sind mittels des unteren Randbereiches des Federstahlbleches lage-fixiert gehalten. Die Fensterausnehmungen befinden sich nunmehr in dem Federstahlblech. (Siehe
Die vorliegende Erfindung geht von dem Klemmentyp gemäß dem vorgenannten
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht darin, für Verbindungsklemmen dieses Typs aufzuzeigen, daß auch die zweite der genannten Marktforderungen, nämlich die der Bauhöhenreduzierung erfüllt werden kann.The object of the invention is to show for connection terminals of this type that also the second of the mentioned market requirements, namely the height reduction can be met.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß die Haupterstreckungsrichtung der Fensterausnehmungen in dem Federstahlblech die Achsen der geklemmten elektrischen Leiter unter einem maximal flachen Anstellwinkel schneiden, was dadurch erreicht wird, daß sowohl der obere Randbereich des Federstahlbleches mit den Zungenwurzeln der Blattfederzungen als auch der untere Randbereich des Federstahlbleches mit der lage-fixiert gehaltenen Stromschiene jeweils eng benachbart zu den abisolierten Enden der geklemmten elektr. Leiter positioniert sind.This object is achieved in that the main extension direction of the window recesses in the spring steel sheet intersect the axes of the clamped electrical conductors at a maximum flat angle of attack, which is achieved in that both the upper edge region of the spring steel sheet with the tongue roots of the leaf spring tongues and the lower edge region the spring steel sheet with the position-held busbar each closely adjacent to the stripped ends of the clamped electr. Head are positioned.
Diese Lehre der Erfindung beinhaltet einen neuen Denkansatz. Bisher war es von den Fachleuten als üblich und als notwendig angesehen worden, den oberen Randbereich des Federstahlbleches mit den Zungenwurzeln der Blattfederzungen möglichst entfernt von dem zu klemmenden elektrischen Leiter anzuordnen, damit die Länge der Blattfederzungen einen ausreichenden Federhub ermöglicht und damit ein steilerer Anstellwinkel der Blattfederzunge gegen den geklemmten elektrischen Leiter hohe Leiterauszugskräfte liefert. Die Lehre der Erfindung geht einen anderen Weg. Sie kombiniert einen maximal flachen Anstellwinkel mit einer kurzen Blattfederlänge und erreicht damit für die neuen, erfindungsgemäßen Klemmen eine beachtliche Bauhöhenverringerung, ohne daß dies (wie dies nachstehend noch genauer beschrieben wird) nachteilige Auswirkungen auf die Leiterklemmkräfte und/oder die Leiterauszugskräfte hat oder haben muß.This teaching of the invention involves a new approach. So far, it has been considered by the professionals as common and considered necessary to arrange the upper edge region of the spring steel sheet as possible with the tongue roots of the leaf spring tongues away from the electrical conductor to be clamped, so that the length of the leaf spring tongues allows a sufficient spring stroke and thus a steeper angle of the leaf spring tongue against the clamped electrical conductor high Leiterauszugskräfte supplies. The teachings of the invention take a different approach. It combines a maximum flat angle of attack with a short leaf spring length and thus achieved for the new terminals according to the invention a considerable reduction in height, without this (as will be described in more detail below) adverse effects on the Leitererklemmkräfte and / or the chief executive has or must have.
Wird die Lehre der Erfindung konsequent angewendet, dann ergibt sich eine Kleinstbauweise für die neue Klemme, wie sie aus den anliegenden Zeichnungen im Detail zu entnehmen ist. Die Bauhöhe des Kontakteinsatzes der dargestellten Klemme steht nicht über die Außenkontur des elektrischen Leiters vor, die durch den Außendurchmesser des Isolationsmantels des Leiters vorgegeben ist. Ein solches, auf die Bauhöhe bezogenes Kleinstmaß einer Verbindungsklemme (z.B. einer Verbindungsdosenklemme) ist bisher niemals erreicht worden. Für die Praxis bringt das erhebliche Vorteile. Es können pro Raumeinheit mehrere Verbindungsklemmen dieses Typs untergebracht werden. Auch in beengten Verteilerdosen oder in sonstigen Geräte-Anschlußdosen können mehrere dieser neuen, baugrößen-reduzierten Klemmen sehr gut verwendet werden.If the teaching of the invention consistently applied, then there is a miniature construction for the new terminal, as can be seen in the accompanying drawings in detail. The overall height of the contact insert of the terminal shown is not above the outer contour of the electrical conductor, which is determined by the outer diameter of the insulating jacket of the conductor. Such a miniature size of a connection terminal (e.g., a junction box terminal) has never been achieved. In practice, this brings significant benefits. It can be accommodated per room unit several connection terminals of this type. Even in confined distribution boxes or in other device junction boxes, several of these new, size-reduced terminals can be used very well.
Trotz der Reduzierung der Baugröße der neuen Klemme sind ausreichend große Leiterklemmkräfte und ausreichend große Leiterauszugskräfte dadurch gewährleistet, daß gemäß Anspruch 2 die Blattfederzungen eine fertigungstechnische Vorverformung besitzen derart, daß sich die Blattfederzungen jeweils ausgehend von ihren Zungenwurzeln zunächst in einem ersten Bogen (= Wurzelbogen) von dem geklemmten elektrischen Leiter entfernen und sodann in einem nachfolgenden zweiten Bogen (= Umkehrbogen) auf den geklemmten elektrischen Leiter zubewegen. Beide Verformungen (Wurzelbogen + Umkehrbogen) sind fertigungstechnisch mit einer Kaltverfestigung des Federmaterials durchgeführt, so daß trotz des flachen Anstellwinkels der Blattfederzungen gegen den geklemmten elektrischen Leiter hohe Federkräfte erzielt werden können.Despite the reduction in size of the new terminal are sufficiently large Leiterklemmkräfte and sufficiently large Leiterauszugskräfte ensured that according to claim 2, the leaf spring tongues have a manufacturing predeformation such that the leaf spring tongues starting from their tongue roots first in a first arc (= root arch) of Remove the clamped electrical conductor and then move in a subsequent second arc (= reverse bend) on the clamped electrical conductor. Both Deformations (root arc + reversal arc) are carried out with a cold work hardening of the spring material, so that despite the low angle of attack of the leaf spring tongues against the clamped electrical conductor high spring forces can be achieved.
Zur Gewährleistung sicherer Leiterauszugskräfte wird gemäß Anspruch 3 vorgeschlagen, daß die Zungenenden der Blattfederzungen in der Weise gegen den geklemmten elektrischen Leiter abgewinkelt sind, daß der in der Klemmkante der Zungenenden gegen den elektrischen Leiter gemessene Keilwinkel ≥ 10° ist.To ensure safe Leiterauszugskräfte is proposed according to claim 3, that the tongue ends of the leaf spring tongues are angled in the manner against the clamped electrical conductor, that the measured in the clamping edge of the tongue ends against the electrical conductor wedge angle ≥ 10 °.
Es ist an dieser Stelle darauf hinzuweisen, daß die vorgenannten erfindungsgemäßen Merkmale nicht nur bei einreihigen Verbindungsklemmen zur Anwendung kommen können, sondern auch bei zweireihigen Verbindungsklemmen, bei denen die Klemmstellen in zwei zueinander parallelen Reihen angeordnet sind, wie dies z.B. die zweireihige 6-Leiter-Klemme gemäß dem
Eine weitere erfinderische Maßnahme ist in der technischen Lösung zu sehen, wie eine flache und in ihrer Wanddicke vorzugsweise dünne Stromschiene mittels des unteren Randbereiches des Federstahlbleches lage-fixiert gehalten werden kann, und zwar ohne zusätzliche Befestigungshilfen (wie z. B. Punktschweißung, Vernietungen oder Verstemmungen). Die Lösung gemäß Anspruch 4 zeigt auf, daß zum Zwecke der Lage-Fixierung der Stromschiene der untere Randbereich des Federstahlbleches mit einem Teilstück der dort endenden Fensterausnehmungen gegen die Leitereinsteckrichtung zurückgebogen ist, wodurch ein gegen die Leitereinsteckrichtung offener und an seinen anderen Seiten metall-gefaßter V-förmiger Aufnahmeraum gebildet ist. In den V-förmigen Aufnahmeraum ist die im Querschnitt flache und in ihrer Wanddicke dünne Stromschiene eingesetzt, wobei die Längen der Blattfederzungen so bemessen sind, daß ihre Zungenenden bei unbelegter, geschlossener Klemmstelle die Fensterausnehmungen des Federstahlbleches durchgreifen und an der Unterseite der Stromschiene anliegen und diese fixieren.A further inventive measure can be seen in the technical solution, as a flat and in its wall thickness preferably thin busbar by means of the lower edge region of the spring steel sheet held fixed in position with no additional fastening aids (such as spot welding, riveting or caulking). The solution according to claim 4 shows that, for the purpose of fixing the position of the busbar, the lower edge region of the spring steel sheet is bent back with a portion of the window recesses there against the Leiterereinsteckrichtung, creating a against the Leiterereinsteckrichtung open and on its other sides metal-captioned V formed-shaped receiving space is formed. In the V-shaped receiving space in the cross-sectional flat and thin in its wall thickness busbar is used, the lengths of the leaf spring tongues are dimensioned so that their tongue ends pass through the Fensterausnehmungen the spring steel sheet at unoccupied, closed nip and rest against the underside of the busbar and this fix.
Diese Methode der Lage-Fixierung einer flachen, leistenförmigen Stromschiene (oder gewünschtenfalls auch einer stabförmigen Stromschiene) am bzw. im unteren Randbereich des Federstahlbleches hat auch bei der Fertigung der neuen Klemme per Fertigungsautomaten erheblich Vorteile. Die Stromschiene kann in den V-förmigen Aufnahmeraum des Federstahlbleches problemlos und ohne weitere Hilfsvorrichtungen eingeschoben werden. Hierbei werden die Blattfederzungen aus ihrer Ruhelage zurückgedrückt und fixieren sodann die Stromschiene in dem V-förmigen Aufnahmeraum ( = Vorfixierung). Der vorfixierte Kontakteinsatz kann in seiner Gesamtheit ebenfalls per Fertigungsautomat vollautomatisch in ein Isolierstoffgehäuse eingesetzt werden.This method of fixing the position of a flat, strip-shaped busbar (or, if desired, a rod-shaped busbar) on or in the lower edge region of the spring steel sheet also has significant advantages in the manufacture of the new terminal by manufacturing machines. The busbar can be easily inserted into the V-shaped receiving space of the spring steel sheet and without further auxiliary devices. Here, the leaf spring tongues are pushed back from their rest position and then fix the busbar in the V-shaped receiving space (= prefixing). Of the prefixed contact insert can be used in its entirety also automatically by automatic production machine in an insulating material.
Soll die Vorfixierung der Stromschiene in dem V-förmigen Aufnahmeraum und somit der Kontakteinsatz als Ganzes für die weiteren Montage-Abläufe auch schütt- und sortiertauglich sein, dann wird gemäß Anspruch 5 empfohlen, daß die Stromschiene an ihrer beim Einschieben in den V-förmigen Aufnahmeraum vorlaufenden Kante pro Klemmstelle jeweils einen vorstehenden Stromschienenkopf (in Art eines vorstehenden Stützfingers) besitzt, der beim Einschieben der Stromschiene in den V-förmigen Aufnahmeraum in das gegen die Leitereinsteckrichtung zurückgebogene Teilstück der jeweils zugeordneten Fensterausnehmung der Federstahlbleches eingreift.If the prefixing of the busbar in the V-shaped receiving space and thus the contact insert as a whole for the further assembly operations also pourable and sortiertauglich, then it is recommended according to claim 5, that the busbar on its insertion into the V-shaped receiving space leading edge per terminal point in each case a projecting busbar head (in the manner of a protruding support finger) has, which engages when inserting the busbar in the V-shaped receiving space in the bent back against the Leitereinsteckrichtung portion of the respective associated window recess of the spring steel.
Die Wahl einer im Querschnitt flachen und in ihrer Wanddicke relativ dünnen leistenförmigen Stromschiene trägt zur Bauhöhenverringerung bei. Eine solche Stromschiene hat eine flache (absatzlose) Unterseite, die in dem V-förmigen Aufnahmeraum so positioniert sein kann, daß sie gegen die Leitereinsteckrichtung schräg angestellt ist derart, daß die Unterseite der Stromschiene für den in die Klemmstelle einzusteckenden elektrischen Leiter als Einlaufschräge dient (siehe Anspruch 6).The choice of a cross-sectionally flat and in its wall thickness relatively thin strip-shaped busbar contributes to the reduction in height. Such a bus bar has a flat (bottomless) underside, which may be positioned in the V-shaped receiving space so that it is inclined against the Leiterereinsteckrichtung such that the underside of the busbar for the inserted into the terminal point electrical conductor serves as an inlet slope ( see claim 6).
Nachfolgend wird ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung anhand der Zeichnungen näher beschrieben. Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1 + 2
- einen Querschnitt durch die neue Klemme mit und ohne geklemmten elektrischen Leiter,
- Fig. 3
- die Außenansicht auf das Isolierstoffgehäuse der Klemme,
- Fig. 4 - 6
- Details des Kontakteinsatzes.
- Fig. 1 + 2
- a cross section through the new terminal with and without clamped electrical conductors,
- Fig. 3
- the outside view on the insulating material housing of the terminal,
- Fig. 4-6
- Details of the contact insert.
Fig. 1 zeigt im Querschnitt das Klemmengehäuse 10 mit einem in Leitereinsteckrichtung vorgesetzten Gehäusedeckel 11, der die Leitereinstecköffnungen 12, 13 und 14 für das gleichgerichtete und parallele Einstecken von insgesamt drei elektrischen Leitern 15 aufweist (siehe Fig. 3).Fig. 1 shows in cross-section the
Die Figuren 4, 5 und 6 zeigen den Kontakteinsatz, der in das Klemmengehäuse eingebaut ist. Der Kontakteinsatz besteht aus einem Stück Federstahlblech 16 (siehe Fig. 6) und aus einer Stromschiene 17 (siehe Fig. 5), die aus einem elektrisch gut leitfähigen Kupfermaterial gefertigt ist.Figures 4, 5 and 6 show the contact insert which is installed in the terminal housing. The contact insert consists of a piece of spring steel sheet 16 (see Fig. 6) and a bus bar 17 (see Fig. 5), which is made of a highly electrically conductive copper material.
Aus dem Stück Federstahlblech 16 sind entsprechend der Anzahl der Kemmstellen drei Blattfederzungen 21 freigeschnitten, wodurch in dem Federstahlblech Fensterausnehmungen entstehen. Die Größe der Fensterausnehmungen entspricht im wesentlichen der Größe der freigeschnittenen Blattfedern zuzüglich der endseitigen Teilstücke 25, die am besten aus Fig. 6 ersichtlich sind. Durch die Fensterausnehmungen werden die elektrischen Leiter 15 hindurchgesteckt bevor das abisolierte Ende 18 des Leiters in der jeweils zugeordneten Klemmstelle elektrisch und mechanisch geklemmt wird. Die elektrischen Leiter werden jeweils mitsamt eines Stücks ihres Isolationsmantels 19 in die Klemme eingesteckt.From the piece
Die dargestellte 3-Leiter-Verbindungsklemme besitzt drei Klemmstellen. Die Klemmstellen sind jeweils gebildet zwischen den freien Enden 20 der Blattfederzungen 21 und der Stromschiene 17. Dies zeigt am besten die in Fig. 4 dargestellte Seitenansicht des fertig montierten Kontakteinsatzes.The illustrated 3-conductor connection terminal has three terminal points. The clamping points are each formed between the free ends 20 of the
Die Blattfederzungen 21 sind aus dem Federstahlblech 16 in der Weise freigeschnitten (siehe Fig. 6), daß ihre Zungenwurzeln 22 mit dem sogenannten oberen Randbereich 23 des Federstahlbleches fest verbunden sind. Die freien Enden der Blattfederzungen 21 erstrecken sich in Richtung des unteren Randbereiches 24 des Federstahlbleches.The
Der untere Randbereich 24 des Federstahlbleches ist mit den Teilstück 25 der dort endenden Fensterausnehmungen gegen die Leitereinsteckrichtung zurückgebogen, wodurch mittels des Federstahlbleches ein gegen die Leitereinsteckrichtung offener und an seinen anderen Seiten weitestgehend metall-gefaßter V-förmiger Aufnahmeraum 26 gebildet ist.The
In den V-förmigen Aufnahmeraum 26 ist die in Fig. 5 dargestellte Stromschiene 17 eingesetzt. Die Stromschiene 17 ist im Querschnitt als flache, leistenförmige Stromschiene ausgebildet. Sie erstreckt sich über alle drei Klemmstellen. Ihre Wanddicke ist relativ dünn ausgebildet und nur geringfügig stärker als die Materialdicke des Federstahlbleches (vergl. Fig. 4). Die Stromschiene besitzt drei seitlich vorstehende Stromschienenköpfe 27, die sich beim Einschieben der Stromschiene in den V-förmigen Aufnahmeraum 26 in die in Leitereinsteckrichtung zurückgebogenen Teilstücke 25 der Fensterausnehmungen hineinerstrecken. Die flache und relativ dünne Stromschiene 17 ist in dem V-förmigen Aufnahmeraum 26 so positioniert, daß ihre glatte Unterseite als Einlaufschräge für den einzusteckenden elektrischen Leiter dient.In the V-shaped receiving
Die freigeschnittenen Blattfederzungen sind fertigungstechnisch vorverformt derart, daß sie sich (ausgehend von ihren Zungenwurzeln 22) zunächst in einem ersten Bogen (= Wurzelbogen 28) von einem geklemmten elektrischen Leiter entfernen und sodann in einem nachfolgenden zweiten Bogen (= Umkehrbogen 29) auf den geklemmten elektrischen Leiter zulaufen. Ein Vergleich der Fig. 4 mit Fig. 2 zeigt dies genauer. Das letzte Endstück 20 der Blattfederzungen ist gegen die geklemmten Leiter etwas abgewinkelt, so daß der in der Klemmkante der Zungenenden gegen den elektrischen Leiter gemessene Keilwinkel ≥ 10° ist. Diese Keilwinkel-Bemessung erhöht die Leiterauszugskräfte.The cut-leaf spring tongues are preformed in terms of manufacturing technology so that they (starting from their tongue roots 22) first in a first arc (= root arch 28) of a clamped electrical conductor and then in a subsequent second arc (= reverse bend 29) on the clamped electrical Run in the ladder. A comparison of Fig. 4 with Fig. 2 shows this in more detail. The
Die Leiterklemmkräfte, die die Blattfederzungen infolge des fertigungstechnisch vorverformten Wurzelbogens 28 und des vorverformten Umkehrbogens 29 auf den geklemmten elektrischen Leiter ausüben, sind ausreichend groß. Sie werden unterstützt durch die Trennschnitte 30 im Federstahlblech (siehe Fig. 6), die beidseitig benachbart zu jeder Blattfederzunge separate Stütz-Stege 31 herausbilden, die beim Ausfedern der Blattfederzunge unabhängig mitfedern. Um dieses gewünschte Mitfedern der Stütz-Stege 31 zu verstärken, besitzen die Stütz-Stege jeweils vorverformte Federungsbogen 32 (siehe Fig. 4 und Fig. 6).The conductor clamping forces that exert the leaf spring tongues as a result of the manufacturing technology
Der Kontakteinsatz, der vorstehend beschrieben ist, benötigt im eingebauten Zustand in dem Isolierstoffgehäuse der Klemme nur sehr wenig Platz. Fig. 2 und Fig. 1 zeigen, daß sowohl der obere Randbereich 23 des Federstahlbleches mit den Zungenwurzeln 22 der Blattfederzungen als auch der untere Randbereich 24 des Federstahlbleches mit der lage-fixiert gehaltenen Stromschiene 17 jeweils eng benachbart zu den abisolierten Enden 18 der geklemmten elektrischen Leiter 15 positioniert sind. Daraus resultiert, daß die Haupterstreckungsrichtung der Fensterausnehmungen, die durch das Freischneiden (oder Freistanzen) der Blattfederzungen in dem Federstahlblech entstanden sind, die Achsen der geklemmten elektrischen Leiter unter einem maximal flachen Anstellwinkel schneiden. Dadurch ist die Bauhöhe des Kontakteinsatzes (und somit auch die Bauhöhe der Verbindungsklemme insgesamt) erheblich reduziert.The contact insert, which is described above, requires in the installed state in the insulating material of the terminal only very little space. Fig. 2 and Fig. 1 show that both the
Die Bauhöhenreduzierung der Klemme ist aus den Figuren 1 und 2 gut erkennbar. Weder der obere Randbereich 23 des Federstahlbleches (einschließlich der davon ablaufenden Blattfederzungen 21) noch der untere Randbereich 24 des Federstahlbleches (einschließlich der lage-fixiert gehaltenen Stromschiene 17) stehen über die Außenkontur vor, die durch die achsparallele Verlängerung des Außendurchmessers des Isolationsmantels 19 vorgegeben ist, der zu dem maximalen Leiterquerschnitt gehört, der in der dargestellten Verbindungsklemme geklemmt werden kann.The reduction in height of the terminal is clearly visible from Figures 1 and 2. Neither the
Claims (7)
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
characterized,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
characterized,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
characterized,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
characterized,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
characterized,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
characterized,
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PL07004975T PL1855353T3 (en) | 2006-04-21 | 2007-03-10 | Electric plug connector |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102006019150A DE102006019150B4 (en) | 2006-04-21 | 2006-04-21 | Electrical connection terminal |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1855353A2 true EP1855353A2 (en) | 2007-11-14 |
| EP1855353A3 EP1855353A3 (en) | 2008-05-28 |
| EP1855353B1 EP1855353B1 (en) | 2011-06-01 |
Family
ID=38191171
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP07004975A Active EP1855353B1 (en) | 2006-04-21 | 2007-03-10 | Electric plug connector |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1855353B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP4496548B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR101005157B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN101060207B (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE511708T1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102006019150B4 (en) |
| PL (1) | PL1855353T3 (en) |
| PT (1) | PT1855353E (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2340989C1 (en) |
| TW (1) | TWI355780B (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102340083A (en) * | 2010-07-23 | 2012-02-01 | 施耐德电器工业公司 | Lead connecting device and manufacture method thereof |
| CN110854554A (en) * | 2015-09-18 | 2020-02-28 | Wago管理有限责任公司 | Wire connecting terminal |
| NL2024212A (en) * | 2018-12-24 | 2020-07-08 | Dilar B V | Cable box for electrically connecting electricity cables |
| US11024988B2 (en) | 2016-09-02 | 2021-06-01 | Wago Verwaltungsgesellschaft Mbh | Conductor terminal with sheet metal part having arched root area from which clamping spring extends |
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| US8187023B1 (en) | 2011-05-13 | 2012-05-29 | Uta Auto Industrial Co., Ltd. | Wire connector with two spring plates |
| CN102354831B (en) * | 2011-08-15 | 2013-10-16 | 浙江正泰建筑电器有限公司 | Terminal apparatus without screw thread |
| DE102013101410A1 (en) * | 2013-02-13 | 2014-08-14 | Wago Verwaltungsgesellschaft Mbh | Spring terminal connection and conductor terminal |
| DE102013101409B4 (en) * | 2013-02-13 | 2022-01-20 | Wago Verwaltungsgesellschaft Mbh | conductor terminal |
| DE202013100635U1 (en) * | 2013-02-13 | 2013-03-04 | Wago Verwaltungsgesellschaft Mbh | Spring terminal and connection terminal for electrical conductors |
| DE102013101411B4 (en) * | 2013-02-13 | 2018-03-22 | Wago Verwaltungsgesellschaft Mbh | Spring terminal connection and conductor terminal |
| DE102014102517B4 (en) * | 2014-02-26 | 2021-06-10 | Wago Verwaltungsgesellschaft Mbh | Connecting terminal and spring-loaded terminal contact for this |
| DE102015100257A1 (en) * | 2014-12-22 | 2016-06-23 | Wago Verwaltungsgesellschaft Mbh | Conductor terminal for clamping at least one electrical conductor |
| DE102015115791B4 (en) * | 2015-09-18 | 2017-05-04 | Wago Verwaltungsgesellschaft Mbh | Wire connecting terminal element |
| DE102015119247A1 (en) * | 2015-11-09 | 2017-05-11 | Wago Verwaltungsgesellschaft Mbh | connecting terminal |
| CN105529545B (en) * | 2016-02-05 | 2017-09-29 | 马晓明 | Installs fixture |
| CN105529540B (en) * | 2016-02-05 | 2018-09-04 | 马晓明 | The insertion method of conductor wire connector and conductor wire |
| DE102017105079A1 (en) * | 2017-03-10 | 2018-09-13 | Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg | Contact insert for a connector part |
| DE102017109694B4 (en) * | 2017-05-05 | 2022-10-06 | Wago Verwaltungsgesellschaft Mbh | terminal block |
| DE102019125895B4 (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2021-06-10 | Bjb Gmbh & Co. Kg | Connection terminal with insertion funnel |
| CN111585062A (en) * | 2020-05-21 | 2020-08-25 | 厦门广泓工贸有限公司 | Novel wiring terminal |
| RU200552U1 (en) * | 2020-07-29 | 2020-10-29 | Дмитрий Вячеславович Назаров | Connecting terminal for conductors |
| CN113802706A (en) * | 2021-09-23 | 2021-12-17 | 鸿厦建设有限公司 | Sound insulation device is used in fitment engineering construction |
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- 2007-03-10 AT AT07004975T patent/ATE511708T1/en active
- 2007-03-10 EP EP07004975A patent/EP1855353B1/en active Active
- 2007-03-10 PT PT07004975T patent/PT1855353E/en unknown
- 2007-03-10 PL PL07004975T patent/PL1855353T3/en unknown
- 2007-03-15 TW TW096108879A patent/TWI355780B/en active
- 2007-04-04 KR KR1020070033157A patent/KR101005157B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2007-04-20 CN CN2007101097790A patent/CN101060207B/en active Active
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- 2007-04-20 RU RU2007114985/09A patent/RU2340989C1/en active
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102340083A (en) * | 2010-07-23 | 2012-02-01 | 施耐德电器工业公司 | Lead connecting device and manufacture method thereof |
| CN102340083B (en) * | 2010-07-23 | 2014-02-26 | 施耐德电器工业公司 | Lead connecting device and manufacture method thereof |
| CN110854554A (en) * | 2015-09-18 | 2020-02-28 | Wago管理有限责任公司 | Wire connecting terminal |
| US11024988B2 (en) | 2016-09-02 | 2021-06-01 | Wago Verwaltungsgesellschaft Mbh | Conductor terminal with sheet metal part having arched root area from which clamping spring extends |
| NL2024212A (en) * | 2018-12-24 | 2020-07-08 | Dilar B V | Cable box for electrically connecting electricity cables |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| PT1855353E (en) | 2011-07-29 |
| KR101005157B1 (en) | 2011-01-04 |
| RU2340989C1 (en) | 2008-12-10 |
| TWI355780B (en) | 2012-01-01 |
| CN101060207A (en) | 2007-10-24 |
| EP1855353B1 (en) | 2011-06-01 |
| CN101060207B (en) | 2010-06-09 |
| TW200810260A (en) | 2008-02-16 |
| PL1855353T3 (en) | 2011-10-31 |
| EP1855353A3 (en) | 2008-05-28 |
| DE102006019150A1 (en) | 2007-11-15 |
| JP2007294469A (en) | 2007-11-08 |
| KR20070104220A (en) | 2007-10-25 |
| JP4496548B2 (en) | 2010-07-07 |
| DE102006019150B4 (en) | 2011-06-09 |
| ATE511708T1 (en) | 2011-06-15 |
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