EP1845148A2 - Application of an alloy in a method for hydrothermal gassing of saline reactants - Google Patents

Application of an alloy in a method for hydrothermal gassing of saline reactants Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1845148A2
EP1845148A2 EP07004732A EP07004732A EP1845148A2 EP 1845148 A2 EP1845148 A2 EP 1845148A2 EP 07004732 A EP07004732 A EP 07004732A EP 07004732 A EP07004732 A EP 07004732A EP 1845148 A2 EP1845148 A2 EP 1845148A2
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Prior art keywords
alloy
weight
saline
hydrothermal
alloys
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EP07004732A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1845148A3 (en
Inventor
Nikolaos Dr. Boukis
Wilhelm Habicht
Elena Hauer
Karl Weiss
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Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie KIT
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Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH
Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie KIT
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Publication of EP1845148A3 publication Critical patent/EP1845148A3/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/74—Construction of shells or jackets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
    • C10J2200/06—Catalysts as integral part of gasifiers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0916—Biomass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0973—Water
    • C10J2300/0979—Water as supercritical steam

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the use of an alloy in a process for the hydrothermal gasification of saline educts, in particular in the gasification of aqueous biomass in supercritical water.
  • Ni-base alloys 2.4633 and 2.4646 strongly corrode under certain conditions in supercritical water.
  • the two Ni base alloys 2.4633 and 2.4646 corrode even more than the Ni base alloy 2.4856 over a comparable pressure and temperature range in an oxidizing environment (O 2 and HCl).
  • alloys which are suitable in processes for the hydrothermal gasification of saline educts, in particular in the gasification of aqueous biomass in supercritical water, at least as the inner surfaces of reaction vessels without these by appreciable corrosion are damaged.
  • molybdenum in processes for hydrothermal gasification in the presence of saline educts has a negative effect on the corrosion resistance, in particular potassium salts. This is crucial for biomass since potassium is present in different proportions in each biomass. This finding is surprising in that molybdenum is known to increase corrosion resistance. Obviously, this does not apply to the hydrothermal gasification with saline educts under the conditions of supercritical water.
  • an alloy which comprises at least 25% by weight of iron or at least 25% by weight of nickel and only a minor proportion, ie 0.1% by weight or less, of molybdenum, preferably 0.01% by weight or less of molybdenum, proposed.
  • reaction vessels are used for reaction vessels or at least for their internal surfaces, i. those surfaces which come into contact with the reaction educts, intermediates or products.
  • Reaction vessels made of these alloys can be used in continuous as well as discontinuous processes (batch operation).
  • These alloys are particularly useful in processes for converting biomass into gaseous products with wet biomass, i. Biomass with a water content of at least 50% by weight, in particular of at least 70% by weight, preferably at least 80% by weight, particularly preferably at least 90% by weight.
  • a corrosion of up to 0.9 mm was observed in 143 hours.
  • the temperature plays a role in a corrosive attack, the corrosion rate at the entrance of the reactor is much higher than in the second half of the reactor. This indicates that the first part of the reactor is amplified precipitating salts accelerate corrosion.
  • the alloys used according to the invention are Ni-Cr alloys.
  • the composition of some representatives of this class as maximum values in% by weight results from Table 1 , in which the molybdenum-containing alloys 2.4856, 1.4591 and 1.4401 are listed for comparison with: ⁇ b> Table 1 ⁇ / b> alloy C al Si Ti Mn Fe Cu Co Nb Not a word Y Zr Cr Ni 2.4856 * 0.03 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 3.0 1.0 3.8 10.0 23.0 rest 1.4591 * 0,015 ⁇ 0.5 ⁇ 2.0 rest ⁇ 1.2 ⁇ 2.0 35 33 1.4401 * ⁇ 0.07 ⁇ 1.0 ⁇ 2.0 rest 2.5 18 13 2.4646 0.05 4.5 0.20 0.50 3.0 0.01 0.10 16.0 rest 2.4633 0.25 2.40 0.50 0.20 0, 10 11.0 0.10 0, 12 0.10 26.0 rest * Comparative Examples
  • Table 2 shows the corrosion-related removal in mg / cm 2 after 143 hours exposure of the mentioned materials at a pressure of 25 MPa and a temperature of 600 ° C. in an aqueous solution with 3000 ppm KHCO 3 : ⁇ b> Table 2 ⁇ / b> Material No. (trade name) Material removal (mg / cm 2 ) 2.4633 (Nicrofer 6025) -10.6 1.4591 (Alloy 33) * -15.6 Chrome* -19.3 2.4663 (Inconel 617) * -41.8 1.4401 (SS316) * -43.7 2.4856 (Inconel 625) * ** * Comparative Examples ** Very high removal that could not be determined because the sample was largely corroded.
  • Table 3 shows the corrosion rate as material removal per 1000 hours at different potassium salt concentrations under comparable pressure and temperature conditions.
  • the alloys 2.4646 and especially 2.4633 showed surprisingly much less corrosion under otherwise comparable conditions: ⁇ b> Table 3 ⁇ / b> attempt alloy Material removal (mm / 1000 hours) 3000 ppm K 2 CO 3 30-40 MPa, 660-700 ° C 2.4856 * - 6.92 2.4646 -0.87 2.4633 -0.07 200-256 ppm K 2 CO 3 30 MPa, 680-690 ° C 2.4856 * -2.94 2.4646 -0.87 2.4633 -0.10 * Comparative Examples
  • Ni-base alloys 2.4633 and 2.4646 corrode even more than the Ni-base alloy 2.4856 under certain conditions in supercritical water in a comparable pressure and temperature range, but in an oxidizing environment (O 2 and HCl), The data presented here show that this effect does not occur in hydrothermal gasification in supercritical water.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

An alloy used as the inner surface of a reaction vessel in the hydrothermal gasification of salt-containing educts, comprises (wt.%): at least 25 iron; or at least 25 nickel; and not more than 0.1 molybdenum.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft die Verwendung einer Legierung in einem Verfahren zur hydrothermalen Vergasung von salzhaltigen Edukten, insbesondere bei der Vergasung von wässriger Biomasse in überkritischem Wasser.The invention relates to the use of an alloy in a process for the hydrothermal gasification of saline educts, in particular in the gasification of aqueous biomass in supercritical water.

In Verfahren zur hydrothermalen Vergasung wie z. B. bei der Vergasung von wässriger Biomasse nach der DE 10 2004 038 491 A1 werden Drücke und Temperaturen eingesetzt, die höher als der kritische Punkt des Wassers (374°C, 22,1 MPa) sind.In processes for hydrothermal gasification such. B. in the gasification of aqueous biomass after DE 10 2004 038 491 A1 pressures and temperatures are used which are higher than the critical point of the water (374 ° C, 22.1 MPa).

In N. Boukis, W. Habicht, G. Franz, und E. Dinjus, Behavior of Ni-base alloy 625 in methanol-supercritical water systems, Materials and Corrosion 54, 326-330, 2003 wurden Untersuchungen an der Ni-Basis-Legierung 2.4856 durchgeführt, die aufgrund ihrer hohen Verfügbarkeit und ihren guten mechanischen Eigenschaften oft bei Hochdruck- bzw. Hochtemperatur-Prozessen im Bereich des überkritischen Wassers eingesetzt wird. Demnach zeigen Reaktionsgemische, die lediglich die Elemente Kohlenstoff, Wasserstoff und Sauerstoff enthalten, keine korrosive Wirkung auf die genannte Legierung.In N. Boukis, W. Habicht, G. Franz, and E. Dinjus, Behavior of Ni-base alloy 625 in methanol-supercritical water systems, Materials and Corrosion 54, 326-330, 2003 Investigations have been carried out on the Ni-base alloy 2.4856, which is often used in high-pressure or high-temperature processes in the field of supercritical water due to their high availability and good mechanical properties. Accordingly, reaction mixtures containing only the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, no corrosive effect on said alloy.

Werden jedoch salzhaltige Edukte eingesetzt, wie sie üblicherweise auch in Biomasse enthalten sind, so fallen unter diesen Bedingungen anorganische Salze aus. Im überkritischen Bereich lässt sich daher Korrosion in Form von fest anhaftenden, das Metall nicht schützenden Ablagerungen bis hin zum Versagen von Reaktoren aus der Ni-Basis-Legierung 2.4856 beobachten.However, if saline starting materials are used, as they are usually also contained in biomass, fall under these conditions, inorganic salts. In the supercritical range, therefore, corrosion in the form of firmly adhering deposits that do not protect the metal up to the failure of reactors made of the Ni-base alloy 2.4856 can be observed.

In N. Boukis, G. Franz, C. Friedrich, W. Habicht und K. Ebert, Corrosion Screening Tests with Ni-Base Alloys in Supercritical Water Containing Hydrochloric Acid and Oxygen, Proceedings of the ASME Heat Transfer Division (International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, USA) Band 4, 159-167, 1996 wird beschrieben, dass die Ni-Basis-Legierungen 2.4633 und 2.4646 unter bestimmten Bedingungen im überkritischen Wasser stark korrodieren. Darüber hinaus wurde festgestellt, dass die beiden Ni-Basis-Legierungen 2.4633 und 2.4646 über einen vergleichbaren Druck und Temperaturbereich in oxidierender Umgebung (O2 und HCl) noch stärker als die Ni-Basis-Legierung 2.4856 korrodieren.In N. Boukis, G. Franz, C. Friedrich, W. Habicht and K. Ebert, Corrosion Screening Tests with Ni-Base Alloys in Supercritical Water Containing Hydrochloric Acid and Oxygen, Proceedings of the ASME Heat Transfer Division (International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposure, USA) Vol. 4, 159-167, 1996 It is described that the Ni-base alloys 2.4633 and 2.4646 strongly corrode under certain conditions in supercritical water. In addition, it has been found that the two Ni base alloys 2.4633 and 2.4646 corrode even more than the Ni base alloy 2.4856 over a comparable pressure and temperature range in an oxidizing environment (O 2 and HCl).

Ausgehend hiervon ist es die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, die Verwendung von Legierungen vorzuschlagen, die sich in Verfahren zur hydrothermalen Vergasung von salzhaltigen Edukten, insbesondere bei der Vergasung von wässriger Biomasse in überkritischem Wasser, zumindest als innere Oberflächen von Reaktionsgefäßen eignen, ohne dass diese durch nennenswerte Korrosion beschädigt werden.Proceeding from this, it is the object of the present invention to propose the use of alloys which are suitable in processes for the hydrothermal gasification of saline educts, in particular in the gasification of aqueous biomass in supercritical water, at least as the inner surfaces of reaction vessels without these by appreciable corrosion are damaged.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Die Unteransprüche beschreiben vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung.This object is solved by the features of claim 1. The subclaims describe advantageous embodiments of the invention.

Erfindungsgemäß wurde gefunden, dass sich Molybdän in Verfahren zur hydrothermalen Vergasung in Anwesenheit von salzhaltigen Edukten negativ auf die Korrosionsbeständigkeit, insbesondere Kaliumsalzen auswirkt. Dies ist von entscheidender Bedeutung für Biomasse, da Kalium in jeder Biomasse in unterschiedlichen Anteilen enthalten ist. Dieser Befund ist insofern überraschend, da von Molybdän bekannt ist, dass es die Korrosionsbeständigkeit steigert. Offensichtlich gilt dies nicht bei der hydrothermalen Vergasung mit salzhaltigen Edukten unter den Bedingungen des überkritischen Wassers.According to the invention, it has been found that molybdenum in processes for hydrothermal gasification in the presence of saline educts has a negative effect on the corrosion resistance, in particular potassium salts. This is crucial for biomass since potassium is present in different proportions in each biomass. This finding is surprising in that molybdenum is known to increase corrosion resistance. Obviously, this does not apply to the hydrothermal gasification with saline educts under the conditions of supercritical water.

Erfindungsgemäß wird die Verwendung einer Legierung, die mindestens 25 Gew.% Eisen oder mindestens 25 Gew.% Nickel und nur einen geringen Anteil, d.h. 0,1 Gew.% oder weniger an Molybdän, bevorzugt 0,01 Gew.% oder weniger an Molybdän enthält, vorgeschlagen. Vorzugsweise eignen sich in derartigen Verfahren Ni-Cr-Legierungen, die mindestens 10 Gew.% Chrom und darüber hinaus höchstens 5 Gew.% Titan und höchstens 5 Gew.% Niob enthalten, insbesondere die Legierungen 2.4646 und 2.4633.According to the invention, the use of an alloy which comprises at least 25% by weight of iron or at least 25% by weight of nickel and only a minor proportion, ie 0.1% by weight or less, of molybdenum, preferably 0.01% by weight or less of molybdenum, proposed. In such processes, preference is given to Ni-Cr alloys which contain at least 10% by weight of chromium and, moreover, at most 5% by weight of titanium and at most 5% by weight of niobium, in particular alloys 2,4646 and 2,463.

Diese Legierungen werden für Reaktionsgefäße oder zumindest für deren innere Oberflächen, d.h. diejenigen Oberflächen, die mit den Reaktionsedukten, -zwischenprodukten bzw. -produkten in Berührung kommen, verwendet. Reaktionsgefäße aus diesen Legierungen lassen sowohl in kontinuierlich als auch in diskontinuierlich ablaufenden Verfahren (Batch-Betrieb) einsetzen.These alloys are used for reaction vessels or at least for their internal surfaces, i. those surfaces which come into contact with the reaction educts, intermediates or products. Reaction vessels made of these alloys can be used in continuous as well as discontinuous processes (batch operation).

Diese Legierungen eignen sich insbesondere in Verfahren zur Umsetzung von Biomasse in gasförmige Produkte mit nasser Biomasse, d.h. Biomasse mit einem Wassergehalt von mindestens 50 Gew.%, insbesondere von mindestens 70 Gew.%, bevorzugt mindestens 80 Gew.%, besonders bevorzugt mindestens 90 Gew.%.These alloys are particularly useful in processes for converting biomass into gaseous products with wet biomass, i. Biomass with a water content of at least 50% by weight, in particular of at least 70% by weight, preferably at least 80% by weight, particularly preferably at least 90% by weight.

Durch die erfindungsgemäße Verwendung von Legierungen, die mindestens 25 Gew.% Eisen oder mindestens 25 Gew.% Nickel und höchstens 0,1 Gew.% Molybdän enthalten, wird die durch salzhaltige Lösungen verursachte Korrosion an den eingesetzten Reaktionsgefäßen effektiv reduziert.By the use according to the invention of alloys which contain at least 25% by weight of iron or at least 25% by weight of nickel and at most 0.1% by weight of molybdenum, the corrosion caused by saline solutions is effectively reduced in the reaction vessels used.

Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen erläutert.The invention will be explained below with reference to exemplary embodiments.

Lösungen mit salzhaltigen Edukten, vor allem mit Kaliumsalzen, zeigen eine hohe Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit. Hierbei wurde eine Korrosion von bis zu 0,9 mm in 143 Stunden beobachtet. Obwohl die Temperatur bei einem korrosiven Angriff eine Rolle spielt, ist die Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit im Eingangsbereich des Reaktors wesentlich höher als in der zweiten Reaktorhälfte. Dies deutet darauf hin, dass die im ersten Teil des Reaktors verstärkt ausfallenden Salze die Korrosion beschleunigen.Solutions with saline educts, especially with potassium salts, show a high corrosion rate. Here, a corrosion of up to 0.9 mm was observed in 143 hours. Although the temperature plays a role in a corrosive attack, the corrosion rate at the entrance of the reactor is much higher than in the second half of the reactor. This indicates that the first part of the reactor is amplified precipitating salts accelerate corrosion.

Bei den erfindungsgemäß verwendeten Legierungen handelt es sich um Ni-Cr-Legierungen. Die Zusammensetzung einiger Vertreter dieser Klasse als Maximalwerte in Gew.% ergibt sich aus Tabelle 1, in der die molybdänhaltigen Legierungen 2.4856, 1.4591 und 1.4401 zum Vergleich mit aufgeführt sind: Tabelle 1 Legierung C Al Si Ti Mn Fe Cu Co Nb Mo Y Zr Cr Ni 2.4856* 0,03 0,40 0,40 0,40 0,40 3,0 1,0 3,8 10,0 23,0 Rest 1.4591* 0,015 <0,5 <2,0 Rest <1,2 <2,0 35 33 1.4401* <0,07 <1,0 <2,0 Rest 2,5 18 13 2.4646 0,05 4,5 0,20 0,50 3,0 0,01 0,10 16,0 Rest 2.4633 0,25 2,40 0,50 0,20 0, 10 11,0 0,10 0, 12 0,10 26,0 Rest * Vergleichsbeispiele The alloys used according to the invention are Ni-Cr alloys. The composition of some representatives of this class as maximum values in% by weight results from Table 1 , in which the molybdenum-containing alloys 2.4856, 1.4591 and 1.4401 are listed for comparison with: <b> Table 1 </ b> alloy C al Si Ti Mn Fe Cu Co Nb Not a word Y Zr Cr Ni 2.4856 * 0.03 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 3.0 1.0 3.8 10.0 23.0 rest 1.4591 * 0,015 <0.5 <2.0 rest <1.2 <2.0 35 33 1.4401 * <0.07 <1.0 <2.0 rest 2.5 18 13 2.4646 0.05 4.5 0.20 0.50 3.0 0.01 0.10 16.0 rest 2.4633 0.25 2.40 0.50 0.20 0, 10 11.0 0.10 0, 12 0.10 26.0 rest * Comparative Examples

Tabelle 2 zeigt den korrosionsbedingten Abtrag in mg/cm2 nach jeweils 143 Stunden Exposition der genannten Werkstoffe bei einem Druck von 25 MPa und einer Temperatur von 600 °C in einer wässrigen Lösung mit 3000 ppm KHCO3: Tabelle 2 Werkstoff Nr. (Handelsnamen) Materialabtrag (mg/cm2) 2.4633 (Nicrofer 6025) -10.6 1.4591 (Alloy 33)* -15.6 Chrom* -19.3 2.4663 (Inconel 617)* -41.8 1.4401 (SS316)* -43.7 2.4856 (Inconel 625)* ** * Vergleichsbeispiele
** Sehr hoher Abtrag, der nicht mehr bestimmt werden konnte, da die Probe größtenteils korrodiert war. Table 2 shows the corrosion-related removal in mg / cm 2 after 143 hours exposure of the mentioned materials at a pressure of 25 MPa and a temperature of 600 ° C. in an aqueous solution with 3000 ppm KHCO 3 : <b> Table 2 </ b> Material No. (trade name) Material removal (mg / cm 2 ) 2.4633 (Nicrofer 6025) -10.6 1.4591 (Alloy 33) * -15.6 Chrome* -19.3 2.4663 (Inconel 617) * -41.8 1.4401 (SS316) * -43.7 2.4856 (Inconel 625) * ** * Comparative Examples
** Very high removal that could not be determined because the sample was largely corroded.

Tabelle 3 zeigt die Korrosionsrate als Materialabtrag pro 1000 Stunden bei verschiedenen Kaliumsalzkonzentrationen unter vergleichbaren Druck- und Temperaturbedingungen. Die Legierungen 2.4646 und insbesondere 2.4633 zeigten überraschenderweise wesentlich weniger Korrosion unter ansonsten vergleichbaren Bedingungen: Tabelle 3 Versuch Legierung Materialabtrag (mm/1000 Stunden) 3000 ppm K2CO3 30- 40 MPa, 660-700 °C 2.4856* - 6,92 2.4646 -0,87 2.4633 -0,07 200-256 ppm K2CO3 30 MPa, 680-690 °C 2.4856* -2,94 2.4646 -0,87 2.4633 -0,10 * Vergleichsbeispiele Table 3 shows the corrosion rate as material removal per 1000 hours at different potassium salt concentrations under comparable pressure and temperature conditions. The alloys 2.4646 and especially 2.4633 showed surprisingly much less corrosion under otherwise comparable conditions: <b> Table 3 </ b> attempt alloy Material removal (mm / 1000 hours) 3000 ppm K 2 CO 3 30-40 MPa, 660-700 ° C 2.4856 * - 6.92 2.4646 -0.87 2.4633 -0.07 200-256 ppm K 2 CO 3 30 MPa, 680-690 ° C 2.4856 * -2.94 2.4646 -0.87 2.4633 -0.10 * Comparative Examples

Während, wie eingangs erwähnt, die Ni-Basis-Legierungen 2.4633 und 2.4646 unter bestimmten Bedingungen im überkritischen Wasser in einem vergleichbaren Druck und Temperaturbereich, aber in oxidierender Umgebung (O2 und HCl) noch stärker als die Ni-Basis-Legierung 2.4856 korrodieren, belegen die hier vorgestellten Daten, dass dieser Effekt bei der hydrothermalen Vergasung in überkritischem Wasser nicht auftritt.While, as mentioned earlier, the Ni-base alloys 2.4633 and 2.4646 corrode even more than the Ni-base alloy 2.4856 under certain conditions in supercritical water in a comparable pressure and temperature range, but in an oxidizing environment (O 2 and HCl), The data presented here show that this effect does not occur in hydrothermal gasification in supercritical water.

Claims (7)

Verwendung einer Legierung, die mindestens 25 Gew.% Eisen oder mindestens 25 Gew.% Nickel und höchstens 0,1 Gew.% Molybdän enthält, zumindest als innere Oberfläche eines Reaktionsgefäßes in einem Verfahren zur hydrothermalen Vergasung von salzhaltigen Edukten.Use of an alloy which contains at least 25% by weight of iron or at least 25% by weight of nickel and at most 0.1% by weight of molybdenum, at least as the inner surface of a reaction vessel in a process for hydrothermal gasification of saline educts. Verwendung einer Legierung nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Legierung höchstens 0,01 Gew.% Molybdän enthält.Use of an alloy according to claim 1, wherein the alloy contains at most 0.01% by weight of molybdenum. Verwendung einer Legierung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei die Legierung mindestens 10 Gew.% Chrom enthält.Use of an alloy according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the alloy contains at least 10% by weight of chromium. Verwendung einer Legierung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei die Legierung höchstens 5 Gew.% Titan und höchstens 5 Gew.% Niob enthält.Use of an alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the alloy contains at most 5% by weight of titanium and at most 5% by weight of niobium. Verwendung einer Legierung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei die Legierung 2.4646 oder 2.4633 eingesetzt wird.Use of an alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the alloy 2.4646 or 2.4633 is used. Verwendung einer Legierung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5 in einem Verfahren zur hydrothermalen Vergasung von Biomasse, die einen Wassergehalt von mindestens 50 % aufweist.Use of an alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in a process for hydrothermal gasification of biomass having a water content of at least 50%. Verwendung einer Legierung nach Anspruch 6, wobei die hydrothermale Vergasung bei überkritischen Bedingungen des Wassers durchgeführt wird.Use of an alloy according to claim 6, wherein the hydrothermal gasification is carried out at supercritical conditions of the water.
EP07004732A 2006-04-12 2007-03-08 Use of an alloy in a process for hydrothermal gasification of salts containing reactants Withdrawn EP1845148A3 (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3940041A1 (en) * 2020-07-17 2022-01-19 iGas energy GmbH Reactor for supercritical hydrothermal gasification of biomass

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EP0190408A1 (en) * 1984-11-09 1986-08-13 Hitachi, Ltd. Structural component for a coal gasification system, made from a sulfidation resisting chromium-nickel-aluminium-silicon alloy steel
CN1093120A (en) * 1994-03-12 1994-10-05 冶金工业部钢铁研究总院 A kind of nickel-base alloy
WO2005040439A1 (en) * 2003-10-28 2005-05-06 Ebara Corporation Incineration apparatus and gasification apparatus

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