EP1844128B1 - Method of viscosity control - Google Patents
Method of viscosity control Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1844128B1 EP1844128B1 EP05853765.5A EP05853765A EP1844128B1 EP 1844128 B1 EP1844128 B1 EP 1844128B1 EP 05853765 A EP05853765 A EP 05853765A EP 1844128 B1 EP1844128 B1 EP 1844128B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- viscosity
- viscosity modifier
- lubricating composition
- crankcase
- lubricating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 25
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000004034 viscosity adjusting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 35
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 35
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 16
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- -1 2-ethylhexyl Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920013639 polyalphaolefin Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- GVPWHKZIJBODOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzyl disulfide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CSSCC1=CC=CC=C1 GVPWHKZIJBODOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000005397 methacrylic acid ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 4
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 150000002924 oxiranes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PTYXPKUPXPWHSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(butyltetrasulfanyl)butane Chemical compound CCCCSSSSCCCC PTYXPKUPXPWHSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101100219315 Arabidopsis thaliana CYP83A1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon disulfide Chemical compound S=C=S QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000089 Cyclic olefin copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000005698 Diels-Alder reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 101000806846 Homo sapiens DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonuclease Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101000835083 Homo sapiens Tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101100269674 Mus musculus Alyref2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101100140580 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) REF2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102100026134 Tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- CIBXCRZMRTUUFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [chloro-[[chloro(phenyl)methyl]disulfanyl]methyl]benzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(Cl)SSC(Cl)C1=CC=CC=C1 CIBXCRZMRTUUFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007866 anti-wear additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004985 dialkyl amino alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XMGQYMWWDOXHJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N limonene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1CCC(C)=CC1 XMGQYMWWDOXHJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006078 metal deactivator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphite(3-) Chemical class [O-]P([O-])[O-] AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiourea Chemical compound NC(N)=S UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- CRSBERNSMYQZNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1 -dodecene Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=C CRSBERNSMYQZNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000000178 1,2,4-triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JWYVGKFDLWWQJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenylazepan-2-one Chemical compound C=CN1CCCCCC1=O JWYVGKFDLWWQJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSSNTDFYBPYIEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenylimidazole Chemical compound C=CN1C=CN=C1 OSSNTDFYBPYIEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JKNCOURZONDCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CN(C)CCOC(=O)C(C)=C JKNCOURZONDCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DPBJAVGHACCNRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CN(C)CCOC(=O)C=C DPBJAVGHACCNRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C=C GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QDCPNGVVOWVKJG-VAWYXSNFSA-N 2-[(e)-dodec-1-enyl]butanedioic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC\C=C\C(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O QDCPNGVVOWVKJG-VAWYXSNFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GASMGDMKGYYAHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylidenehexanamide Chemical group CCCCC(=C)C(N)=O GASMGDMKGYYAHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LNMBCRKRCIMQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-butylsulfanyl-2-methylpropane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)SC(C)(C)C LNMBCRKRCIMQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-vinylpyridine Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=N1 KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WVRNUXJQQFPNMN-VAWYXSNFSA-N 3-[(e)-dodec-1-enyl]oxolane-2,5-dione Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC\C=C\C1CC(=O)OC1=O WVRNUXJQQFPNMN-VAWYXSNFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZWAPMFBHEQZLGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(dimethylamino)-2-methylidenepentanamide Chemical compound CN(C)CCCC(=C)C(N)=O ZWAPMFBHEQZLGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FLCAEMBIQVZWIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-(dimethylamino)-2-methylhex-2-enamide Chemical compound CN(C)CCCC=C(C)C(N)=O FLCAEMBIQVZWIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FKIWNQVAKIZRMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-(dimethylamino)-2-methylidenehexanamide;n-methylmethanamine;propyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CNC.CCCOC(=O)C(C)=C.CN(C)CCCCC(=C)C(N)=O FKIWNQVAKIZRMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HJRYTDKISXDCLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(CCCCCC)C1=C(C=CC=C1)O.[Ba] Chemical compound C(CCCCCC)C1=C(C=CC=C1)O.[Ba] HJRYTDKISXDCLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVGRUAULSDPKGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Poloxamer Chemical compound C1CO1.CC1CO1 RVGRUAULSDPKGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- GLOYGJPNNKTDIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N SC=1N=NSC=1S Chemical class SC=1N=NSC=1S GLOYGJPNNKTDIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophosphoric acid Chemical class OP(O)(S)=O RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010775 animal oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound N.OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C2=NON=C12 JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001556 benzimidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001565 benzotriazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001733 carboxylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004517 catalytic hydrocracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydromaleimide Natural products O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylamine Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012990 dithiocarbamate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004659 dithiocarbamates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NAGJZTKCGNOGPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dithiophosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(S)=S NAGJZTKCGNOGPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940069096 dodecene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WOLATMHLPFJRGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N furan-2,5-dione;styrene Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 WOLATMHLPFJRGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002314 glycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002462 imidazolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005641 methacryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- KHYKFSXXGRUKRE-UHFFFAOYSA-J molybdenum(4+) tetracarbamodithioate Chemical compound C(N)([S-])=S.[Mo+4].C(N)([S-])=S.C(N)([S-])=S.C(N)([S-])=S KHYKFSXXGRUKRE-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-decene Natural products CCCCCCCCC=C AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RCLLINSDAJVOHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethyl-n',n'-dimethylprop-2-enehydrazide Chemical compound CCN(N(C)C)C(=O)C=C RCLLINSDAJVOHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LQNPIBHEOATAEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanoate;octylazanium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCN.CCCCCCCC(O)=O LQNPIBHEOATAEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003018 phosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- CQRYARSYNCAZFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC=C1O CQRYARSYNCAZFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- RINCXYDBBGOEEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinic anhydride Chemical class O=C1CCC(=O)O1 RINCXYDBBGOEEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002317 succinimide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003505 terpenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000007586 terpenes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004867 thiadiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003558 thiocarbamic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- USEBTXRETYRZKO-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;n,n-dioctylcarbamodithioate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCN(C([S-])=S)CCCCCCCC.CCCCCCCCN(C([S-])=S)CCCCCCCC USEBTXRETYRZKO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M149/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M149/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M143/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular hydrocarbon or such hydrocarbon modified by oxidation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M145/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M145/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M145/10—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate
- C10M145/12—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate monocarboxylic
- C10M145/14—Acrylate; Methacrylate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M161/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a macromolecular compound and a non-macromolecular compound, each of these compounds being essential
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
- C10M169/044—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being a mixture of non-macromolecular and macromolecular compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/04—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing aromatic monomers, e.g. styrene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
- C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2217/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
- C10N2020/02—Viscosity; Viscosity index
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/02—Pour-point; Viscosity index
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/40—Low content or no content compositions
- C10N2030/42—Phosphor free or low phosphor content compositions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/68—Shear stability
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
- C10N2040/255—Gasoline engines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
- F01M9/00—Lubrication means having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01M1/00 - F01M7/00
- F01M9/02—Lubrication means having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01M1/00 - F01M7/00 having means for introducing additives to lubricant
Definitions
- lubricating oils It is well known for lubricating oils to contain a number of additives used to protect the engine from wear and provide viscosity control.
- Common additives for engine lubricating oils include zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) an antiwear additive. It is believed that ZDDP antiwear additives protect the engine by forming a protective film on metal surfaces.
- ZDDP antiwear additives protect the engine by forming a protective film on metal surfaces.
- Viscosity modifiers with a number average molecular weight above 100,000 are known in crankcase applications as viscosity modifiers because they help control high temperature viscometrics in multi-grade lubricants. Viscosity modifiers in various applications are known from, e.g., U.S. Patent 5,112,509 .
- any reduction in the performance of catalytic converters caused by phosphorus poisoning tends to result in increased amounts of greenhouse gases such as nitric oxide and/or ash formation.
- reducing the amount of ZDDP will increase the amount of wear in an engine crankcase.
- This invention provides a method of lubricating an internal combustion engine comprising a crankcase and at least one of a gear and a wet-clutch, said method comprising supplying to said crankcase and to at least one of the gear and wet-clutch a lubricating composition comprising: (a) an oil of lubricating viscosity; and (b) a viscosity modifier with a number average molecular weight from 1000 to 75,000, wherein the lubricating composition has a SAE viscosity grade from XW-Y, wherein X is from 0 to 20 and Y is from 20 to 50; and wherein the lubricating composition has a phosphorus content from a metal hydrocarbyl dithiophosphate of 0.12 wt % or less.
- the internal combustion engine is suitable for motorcycles for example motorcycles with a 4-stroke internal combustion engine.
- Oils of lubricating viscosity may also be defined as specified in the American Petroleum Institute (API) Base Oil Interchangeability Guidelines.
- the oil of lubricating viscosity comprises an API Group I, II, III, IV, V, VI oil or mixtures thereof, and in another embodiment API Group II, III, IV oil or mixtures thereof.
- the oil of lubricating viscosity is a Group III or IV base oil and in another embodiment a Group IV base oil. If the oil of lubricating viscosity is an API Group II, III, IV, V or VI oil there may be up to 40 wt % and in another embodiment up to a maximum of 5 wt % of the lubricating oil an API Group I oil present.
- Y is chosen from 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 or 50.
- the oil of lubricating viscosity in one embodiment is present from 2 wt % to 99.5 wt % of the lubricating composition, in another embodiment from 29 wt % to 98.25 wt % of the lubricating composition and in another embodiment from 40 wt % to 97 wt % of the lubricating composition.
- suitable amounts of an oil of lubricating viscosity include 55 wt %, 60 wt %, 65 wt %, 70 wt %, 75 wt % or 80 wt %.
- the viscosity modifier in one embodiment is present from 0.5 wt % to 95 wt %, in another embodiment 0.75 wt % to 70 wt % and in another embodiment 1 wt % to 40 wt % of the lubricating composition.
- a suitable amount of viscosity modifier include 8 wt %, 10 wt %, 12 wt %, 14 wt %, 16 wt %, 18 wt %, 20 wt %, 22 wt %, 24 wt %, 30 wt %, 35 wt %, or 55 wt %.
- the viscosity modifiers (which may also be dispersant viscosity modifiers, as further described below) are known in the art and commercially available from a number of corporations, including The Lubrizol Corporation, Degussa AG and Rohmax GmbH.
- the viscosity modifier has a Shear Stability Index (SSI) as determined by CEC L-45-A-99 of 22 or less, 20 or less or 18 or less.
- SSI Shear Stability Index
- the viscosity SSI is 2 or more or 4 or more. Examples of suitable ranges of SSI include 2 to 22 or 4 to 18.
- the poly(meth)acrylate polymeric dispersant viscosity modifier includes a copolymer derived from a (meth)acrylate monomer containing an alkyl group with 1 to 30 carbon atoms, in another embodiment 1 to 26 carbon atoms and in another embodiment 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl group includes mixtures derived from an alcohol containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms, 8 to 10 carbon atoms, 12 to 14 carbon atoms, 12 to 15 carbon atoms, 16 to 18 carbon atoms or 16 to 20 carbon atoms. Examples of commercially available alcohol mixtures include the following products sold under the brand names of DobanolTM 25, NeodolTM 25, LialTM 125, and AlchemTM 125. In one embodiment the alcohol is a single alcohol, i.e., not a mixture.
- the (meth)acrylate monomer includes those derived from natural or synthetic sources. When derived by synthetic sources the (meth)acrylate monomer may be prepared using known direct esterification and/or transesterification processes.
- Upper limits on the amount of methyl (meth)acrylate include 40 wt % of the poly(meth)acrylate, in another embodiment 30 wt% of the poly(meth)acrylate and in another embodiment 20 wt % of the poly(meth)acrylate.
- the composition further contains a metal hydrocarbyl dithiophosphate.
- the amount of the metal hydrocarbyl dithiophosphate present is enough to provide a phosphorus content in the lubricating composition from said metal hydrocarbyl dithiophosphate of 0.12 wt % or less.
- the phosphorus content in the lubricating composition from a metal hydrocarbyl dithiophosphate is below 0.1 wt %, in another embodiment below 0.085 wt %, in another embodiment below 0.06 wt % or lower.
- the lower limit of the phosphorus content in the lubricating composition from a metal hydrocarbyl dithiophosphate is 0 ppm or higher, in another embodiment 50 ppm or higher, in another embodiment 125 ppm or higher and in another embodiment 200 ppm or higher. Examples of suitable ranges include 50 ppm to 0.1 wt % or 125 ppm to 0.085 wt %.
- Examples of a metal hydrocarbyl dithiophosphate include zinc dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphates (often referred to as ZDDP, ZDP or ZDTP).
- ZDDP zinc dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphates
- ZDP zinc dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphates
- ZDTP zinc dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphates
- the number of carbon atoms of each hydrocarbyl group is 2 to 30, 3 to 14 or 4 to 10.
- Suitable zinc hydrocarbyl dithiophosphates compounds may include those with a hydrocarbyl group of octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, methylpentyl-isopropyl. 2-ethylhexyl-isopropyl, pentyl-isobutyl or mixtures thereof.
- the composition optionally includes at least one additional performance additive.
- the additional performance additive includes at least one of metal deactivators, detergents, dispersants, extreme pressure agents, antiwear agents, antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, foam inhibitors, demulsifiers, pour point depressants, friction modifiers, seal swelling agents and mixtures thereof.
- the additional performance additives may be used alone or in combination.
- the total combined amount of the other performance additive compounds present ranges from 0 wt % to 30 wt %, in another embodiment from 1 wt % to 25 wt % and in another embodiment 2 wt % to 20 wt % or from 3 wt % to 10 wt % of the lubricating composition.
- the other performance additives may be present, it is common for the other additional performance additives to be present in different amounts relative to each other.
- Detergents include neutral or overbased, Newtonian or non-Newtonian, basic salts of alkali, alkaline earth and transition metals with one or more of a phenate, a sulphurised phenate, a sulphonate, a carboxylic acid, a phosphorus acid, a mono- and/or a di- thiophosphoric acid, a saligenin, an alkylsalicylate, a salixarate or mixtures thereof.
- Dispersants include N-substituted long chain alkenyl succinimide as well as post-treated versions thereof.
- Post-treated dispersants include those further treated by reaction with materials such as urea, boron, thiourea, dimercaptothiadiazoles, carbon disulphide, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, hydrocarbon-substituted succinic anhydrides, nitriles, epoxides and phosphorus compounds.
- Lubricating compositions are prepared by blending additives as shown in Table 1 into a 10W-40 lubricant.
- the lubricating compositions have a phosphorus content in the lubricating composition from a metal hydrocarbyl dithiophosphate of less than 0.12 wt %.
- the compositions prepared are: Table 1 Example Polymer Type Number Average Molecular Weight REF1 Commercially available Olefin copolymer Over 100,000 REF2 Commercially available Olefin copolymer 84,000 EX1 Polymethacrylate 15,000
- the presence of the viscosity modifier with a number average molecular weight from 1000 to 75,000 has acceptable shear stability and is suitable for viscosity control in an internal combustion engine comprising a crankcase and at least one of a gear and a wet-clutch. Further, the viscosity modifier is capable of imparting at least one of wear control, acceptable fuel economy, acceptable high temperature viscometrics and increased lubricant oil service drains. Furthermore, the results indicate that a polymer with a low Shear Stability Index of 26 and a number average molecular weight of above 75,000 provides poor a viscosity control performance.
- hydrocarbyl substituent or “hydrocarbyl group,” as used herein are used in its ordinary sense, which is well-known to those skilled in the art. Specifically, it refers to a group primarily composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms and attached to the remainder of the molecule through a carbon atom and which does not exclude the presence of other atoms or groups in a proportion insufficient to detract from the molecule having a predominantly hydrocarbon character. In general, no more than two, in one aspect no more than one, non-hydrocarbon substituent will be present for every ten carbon atoms in the hydrocarbyl group; typically, there will be no non-hydrocarbon substituents in the hydrocarbyl group. A more detailed definition of the terms “hydrocarbyl substituent” or “hydrocarbyl group,” is provided in US Patent Number 6,583,092 .
- each chemical or composition referred to herein should be interpreted as being a commercial grade material which may contain the isomers, by-products, derivatives, and other such materials which are normally understood to be present in the commercial grade. It is to be understood that the upper and lower amount, range, and ratio limits set forth herein may be independently combined. Similarly, the ranges and amounts for each element of the invention may be used together with ranges or amounts for any of the other elements.
Description
- The present invention relates to a method of viscosity control by lubricating an internal combustion engine comprising at least one of a crankcase, a gear, and a wet-clutch with a lubricating composition.
- It is well known for lubricating oils to contain a number of additives used to protect the engine from wear and provide viscosity control. Common additives for engine lubricating oils include zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) an antiwear additive. It is believed that ZDDP antiwear additives protect the engine by forming a protective film on metal surfaces. Viscosity modifiers with a number average molecular weight above 100,000 are known in crankcase applications as viscosity modifiers because they help control high temperature viscometrics in multi-grade lubricants. Viscosity modifiers in various applications are known from, e.g.,
U.S. Patent 5,112,509 . - Current and future government legislation regulating exhaust emissions from internal combustion engines that contain exhaust treatment devices are requiring a reduction in the phosphorus and metal content of engine oils used in these engines. This reduction in the phosphorus and metal content of engine oils is being implemented because it is thought that they can adversely affect the performance of exhaust treatment devices.
- However, any reduction in the performance of catalytic converters caused by phosphorus poisoning tends to result in increased amounts of greenhouse gases such as nitric oxide and/or ash formation. Furthermore, reducing the amount of ZDDP will increase the amount of wear in an engine crankcase.
- In an internal combustion engine with a wet-clutch (e.g. a 4-stroke motorcycle engine) legislation regulating exhaust emissions affects/restricts the amount of emissions. However, as the internal combustion engine has a common oil reservoir, the oil must be suitable for a crankcase application and a gear, a transmission system or a clutch mechanism which all have higher operating conditions resulting in a severe wear environment. Therefore removing antiwear chemistry, such as, a phosphorus containing compound will tend to increase the amount of wear in the gear, transmission or clutch. If a conventional crankcase viscosity modifier (with a number average molecular weight of 100,000 or more) is employed in combination with reduced amounts of antiwear chemistry, it is believed that surface film break down due to the viscosity modifier shear will give rise to increased wear. The surface film break down is believed to be due to reduction in high temperature viscosity of a lubricating oil proportional to the rate of shear of the viscosity modifier.
- It would be advantageous to have a method of viscosity control for an internal combustion engine with a wet-clutch capable of imparting at least one of wear control, acceptable fuel economy, acceptable high temperature viscometrics and increased lubricant oil service drains. The present invention provides a method of viscosity control for said internal combustion engine and capable of imparting at least one of wear control, acceptable fuel economy, acceptable high temperature viscometrics and increased lubricant oil service drains.
- This invention provides a method of lubricating an internal combustion engine comprising a crankcase and at least one of a gear and a wet-clutch, said method comprising supplying to said crankcase and to at least one of said gear and wet-clutch a lubricating composition comprising:
- (a) an oil of lubricating viscosity; and
- (b) a viscosity modifier with a number average molecular weight from about 1000 to about 75,000, wherein the viscosity modifier is a poly(meth)acrylate, wherein the viscosity modifier has a Shear Stability Index (SSI) as determined by CEC L-45-A-99 of 22 or less,
- This invention provides a method of lubricating an internal combustion engine comprising a crankcase and at least one of a gear and a wet-clutch, said method comprising supplying to said crankcase and to at least one of the gear and wet-clutch a lubricating composition comprising: (a) an oil of lubricating viscosity; and (b) a viscosity modifier with a number average molecular weight from 1000 to 75,000, wherein the lubricating composition has a SAE viscosity grade from XW-Y, wherein X is from 0 to 20 and Y is from 20 to 50; and wherein the lubricating composition has a phosphorus content from a metal hydrocarbyl dithiophosphate of 0.12 wt % or less.
- The internal combustion engine of the invention typically comprises a crankcase, a gear and a wet-clutch. Optionally the internal combustion engine further comprises a manual or automatic transmission. In one embodiment the gear is from a gearbox.
- As used herein the term "wet-clutch" is known to a person skilled in the art as meaning one that contains a clutch plate(s) that is bathed or sprayed by a lubricant, e.g., that of the transmission, and the lubricating oil gets between the plate(s).
- In one embodiment the internal combustion engine has a common oil reservoir supplying the same lubricating composition to the crankcase and at least one of a gear and a wet-clutch. In certain embodiments the lubricating composition is supplied to the crankcase and to the gear (or multiplicity of gears), or to the crankcase and the wet clutch, or to the crankcase and both the gear (or gears) and the wet clutch.
- The internal combustion engine is suitable for motorcycles for example motorcycles with a 4-stroke internal combustion engine.
- The lubricating composition includes natural or synthetic oils of lubricating viscosity; oil derived from hydrocracking, hydrogenation or hydrofinishing; and unrefined, refined and re-refined oils, and mixtures thereof.
- Natural oils include animal oils, vegetable oils, mineral oils and mixtures thereof. Synthetic oils include hydrocarbon oils, silicon-based oils, and liquid esters of phosphorus-containing acids. Synthetic oils may be produced by Fischer-Tropsch gas-to-liquid synthetic procedure as well as other gas-to-liquid oils. In one embodiment the polymer composition of the present invention is useful when employed in a gas-to-liquid oil. Often Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbons or waxes may be hydroisomerised.
- In one embodiment the base oil is a polyalphaolefin (PAO) including a PAO-2, PAO-4, PAO-5, PAO-6, PAO-7 or PAO-8 (the numerical value relating to Kinematic Viscosity at 100 °C). The polyalphaolefin in one embodiment is prepared from dodecene and in another embodiment from decene. Generally, the polyalphaolefin suitable as an oil of lubricating viscosity has a less than that of a PAO-20 or PAO-30 oil, the reason being that a polyalphaolefin with a viscosity higher than a PAO-30 is typically too viscous for effective lubrication of an internal combustion engine.
- Oils of lubricating viscosity may also be defined as specified in the American Petroleum Institute (API) Base Oil Interchangeability Guidelines. In one embodiment the oil of lubricating viscosity comprises an API Group I, II, III, IV, V, VI oil or mixtures thereof, and in another embodiment API Group II, III, IV oil or mixtures thereof. In another embodiment the oil of lubricating viscosity is a Group III or IV base oil and in another embodiment a Group IV base oil. If the oil of lubricating viscosity is an API Group II, III, IV, V or VI oil there may be up to 40 wt % and in another embodiment up to a maximum of 5 wt % of the lubricating oil an API Group I oil present.
- In one embodiment the lubricating composition has a SAE viscosity grade from XW-Y, wherein X is from 0 to 20 and Y is from 20 to 50.
- In one embodiment X is chosen from 0, 5, 10, 15 or 20.
- In one embodiment Y is chosen from 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 or 50.
- The oil of lubricating viscosity in one embodiment is present from 2 wt % to 99.5 wt % of the lubricating composition, in another embodiment from 29 wt % to 98.25 wt % of the lubricating composition and in another embodiment from 40 wt % to 97 wt % of the lubricating composition. Examples of suitable amounts of an oil of lubricating viscosity include 55 wt %, 60 wt %, 65 wt %, 70 wt %, 75 wt % or 80 wt %.
- The viscosity modifier of the invention includes at least one poly(meth)acrylate.
- The viscosity modifier in one embodiment is present from 0.5 wt % to 95 wt %, in another embodiment 0.75 wt % to 70 wt % and in another embodiment 1 wt % to 40 wt % of the lubricating composition. Examples of a suitable amount of viscosity modifier include 8 wt %, 10 wt %, 12 wt %, 14 wt %, 16 wt %, 18 wt %, 20 wt %, 22 wt %, 24 wt %, 30 wt %, 35 wt %, or 55 wt %.
- The viscosity modifiers (which may also be dispersant viscosity modifiers, as further described below) are known in the art and commercially available from a number of corporations, including The Lubrizol Corporation, Degussa AG and Rohmax GmbH.
- The viscosity modifier has a Shear Stability Index (SSI) as determined by CEC L-45-A-99 of 22 or less, 20 or less or 18 or less. In one embodiment the viscosity SSI is 2 or more or 4 or more. Examples of suitable ranges of SSI include 2 to 22 or 4 to 18.
- The viscosity modifier has a number average molecular weight from 1000 to 75,000, in another embodiment 2000 to 60,000, in another embodiment 6000 to 50,000 and in another embodiment 8000 to 40,000. In one embodiment the viscosity modifier has a number average molecular weight from 1000 to 20,000 and in another embodiment from 25,000 to 40,000. In one embodiment the dispersant viscosity modifier has a number average molecular weight that is the same as the ranges given for the viscosity modifier.
- The viscosity modifier is a poly(meth)acrylate, preferably with a number average molecular weight of 10,000 to 35,000, 12,000 to 20,000 or 25,000 to 35,000.
- In one embodiment the poly(meth)acrylate viscosity modifier includes copolymers of (i) a methacrylic acid ester containing 9 to 30 carbons in the ester group, (ii) a methacrylic acid ester containing 7 to 12 carbons in the ester group wherein the ester group contains a 2-(C1-4 alkyl)-substituents and optionally (iii) at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of a methacrylic acid ester containing from 2 to 8 carbon atoms in the ester group and which are different from methacrylic acid esters used in (i) and (ii) above. A more detailed description of polymethacrylate viscosity modifiers can be found in
US Patent Number 6,124,249 . - In one embodiment the viscosity modifier is a functionalized poly(meth)acrylate. The poly(meth)acrylate is functionalized with a nitrogen containing monomer thus forming a dispersant viscosity modifier. In one embodiment the nitrogen containing monomer is incorporated into the poly(meth)acrylate through standard copolymerization techniques. The nitrogen containing monomer includes a vinyl substituted nitrogen heterocyclic monomer, a dialkylaminoalkyl (meth)acrylate monomer, a dialkylaminoalkyl (meth)acrylamide monomer, a tertiary-(meth)acrylamide monomer and mixtures thereof. The alkyl groups can contain 1 to 8, or from 1 to 3 carbon atoms. In one embodiment, the dispersant viscosity modifier is a poly(meth)acrylate.
- Useful nitrogen containing monomers include vinyl pyridine, N-vinyl imidazole, N-vinyl pyrrolidinone, and N-vinyl caprolactam, dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, dimethylaminobutylacrylamide dimethylamine propyl methacrylate, dimethylaminopropylacrylamide, dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide, dimethylaminoethylacrylamide, tertiary butyl acrylamide or mixtures thereof.
- The poly(meth)acrylate polymeric dispersant viscosity modifier includes a copolymer derived from a (meth)acrylate monomer containing an alkyl group with 1 to 30 carbon atoms, in another embodiment 1 to 26 carbon atoms and in another embodiment 1 to 20 carbon atoms. The alkyl group includes mixtures derived from an alcohol containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms, 8 to 10 carbon atoms, 12 to 14 carbon atoms, 12 to 15 carbon atoms, 16 to 18 carbon atoms or 16 to 20 carbon atoms. Examples of commercially available alcohol mixtures include the following products sold under the brand names of Dobanol™ 25, Neodol™ 25, Lial™ 125, and Alchem™ 125. In one embodiment the alcohol is a single alcohol, i.e., not a mixture.
- The (meth)acrylate monomer includes those derived from natural or synthetic sources. When derived by synthetic sources the (meth)acrylate monomer may be prepared using known direct esterification and/or transesterification processes.
- In one embodiment the poly(meth)acrylate polymeric dispersant viscosity modifier is derived from a methyl (meth)acrylate monomer and at least one other (meth)acrylate monomer including an alkyl group with 8 to 20 carbon atoms, in another embodiment 10 to 18 carbon atoms and in another embodiment 12 to 15 carbon atoms. The methyl (meth)acrylate monomer is in the range from 1 wt % or more of the poly(meth)acrylate, in another embodiment in the range from 8 wt % or more of the poly(meth)acrylate and in another embodiment in the range from 10 wt % or more of the poly(meth)acrylate. Upper limits on the amount of methyl (meth)acrylate include 40 wt % of the poly(meth)acrylate, in another embodiment 30 wt% of the poly(meth)acrylate and in another embodiment 20 wt % of the poly(meth)acrylate.
- In one embodiment of the invention the composition further contains a metal hydrocarbyl dithiophosphate. The amount of the metal hydrocarbyl dithiophosphate present is enough to provide a phosphorus content in the lubricating composition from said metal hydrocarbyl dithiophosphate of 0.12 wt % or less.
- In one embodiment the phosphorus content in the lubricating composition from a metal hydrocarbyl dithiophosphate is below 0.1 wt %, in another embodiment below 0.085 wt %, in another embodiment below 0.06 wt % or lower. In one embodiment the lower limit of the phosphorus content in the lubricating composition from a metal hydrocarbyl dithiophosphate is 0 ppm or higher, in another embodiment 50 ppm or higher, in another embodiment 125 ppm or higher and in another embodiment 200 ppm or higher. Examples of suitable ranges include 50 ppm to 0.1 wt % or 125 ppm to 0.085 wt %.
- Examples of a metal hydrocarbyl dithiophosphate include zinc dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphates (often referred to as ZDDP, ZDP or ZDTP). In one embodiment the number of carbon atoms of each hydrocarbyl group is 2 to 30, 3 to 14 or 4 to 10.
- Examples of suitable zinc hydrocarbyl dithiophosphates compounds may include those with a hydrocarbyl group of octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, methylpentyl-isopropyl. 2-ethylhexyl-isopropyl, pentyl-isobutyl or mixtures thereof.
- In one embodiment of the invention the composition optionally includes at least one additional performance additive. The additional performance additive includes at least one of metal deactivators, detergents, dispersants, extreme pressure agents, antiwear agents, antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, foam inhibitors, demulsifiers, pour point depressants, friction modifiers, seal swelling agents and mixtures thereof. In one embodiment the additional performance additives may be used alone or in combination.
- In one embodiment the total combined amount of the other performance additive compounds present ranges from 0 wt % to 30 wt %, in another embodiment from 1 wt % to 25 wt % and in another embodiment 2 wt % to 20 wt % or from 3 wt % to 10 wt % of the lubricating composition. Although one or more of the other performance additives may be present, it is common for the other additional performance additives to be present in different amounts relative to each other.
- If the present invention is in the form of a concentrate (which may be combined with additional oil to form, in whole or in part, a finished lubricant), the ratio of the various additives to the oil of lubricating viscosity and/or to diluent oil include the ranges of 80:20 to 10:90 by weight.
- Friction modifiers include fatty amines, esters such as borated glycerol esters, fatty phosphites, fatty acid amides, fatty epoxides, borated fatty epoxides, alkoxylated fatty amines, borated alkoxylated fatty amines, metal salts of fatty acids, fatty imidazolines, condensation products of carboxylic acids and polyalkylene-polyamines, amine salts of alkylphosphoric acids, molybdenum dithiocarbamate or mixtures thereof. Antioxidants include sulphurised olefins, hindered phenols, diphenylamines. Detergents include neutral or overbased, Newtonian or non-Newtonian, basic salts of alkali, alkaline earth and transition metals with one or more of a phenate, a sulphurised phenate, a sulphonate, a carboxylic acid, a phosphorus acid, a mono- and/or a di- thiophosphoric acid, a saligenin, an alkylsalicylate, a salixarate or mixtures thereof. Dispersants include N-substituted long chain alkenyl succinimide as well as post-treated versions thereof. Post-treated dispersants include those further treated by reaction with materials such as urea, boron, thiourea, dimercaptothiadiazoles, carbon disulphide, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, hydrocarbon-substituted succinic anhydrides, nitriles, epoxides and phosphorus compounds.
- Antiwear agents include compounds such as metal thiophosphates, especially zinc dialkyldithiophosphates; phosphoric acid esters or salt thereof; phosphites; and phosphorus-containing carboxylic esters, ethers, and amides; antiscuffing agents including organic sulphides and polysulphides, such as benzyldisulphide, bis-(chlorobenzyl) disulphide, dibutyl tetrasulphide, di-tertiary butyl polysulphide, di-tert-butylsulphide, sulphurised Diels-Alder adducts or alkyl sulphenyl N'N-dialkyl dithiocarbamates. Extreme pressure (EP) agents including chlorinated wax, organic sulphides and polysulphides, such as benzyldisulphide, bis-(chlorobenzyl) disulphide, dibutyl tetrasulphide, sulphurised methyl ester of oleic acid, sulphurised alkylphenol, sulphurised dipentene, sulphurised terpene, and sulphurised Diels-Alder adducts; phosphosulphurised hydrocarbons, metal thiocarbamates, such as zinc dioctyldithiocarbamate and barium heptylphenol diacid; may also be used in the composition of the invention.
- Additional performance additives such as corrosion inhibitors include octylamine octanoate, condensation products of dodecenyl succinic acid or anhydride and a fatty acid such as oleic acid with a polyamine; metal deactivators including derivatives of benzotriazoles, thiadiazoles such as dimercaptohtiadiazole and its derivatives, 1,2,4-triazoles, benzimidazoles, 2-alkyldithiobenzimidazoles or 2-alkyldithiobenzothiazoles; foam inhibitors including copolymers of ethyl acrylate and 2-ethylhexylacrylate and optionally vinyl acetate; demulsifiers including polyethylene glycols, polyethylene oxides, polypropylene oxides and (ethylene oxide-propylene oxide) polymers; pour point depressants including esters of maleic anhydride-styrene, polymethacrylates, polyacrylates or polyacrylamides; and seal swell agents including Exxon Necton-37™ (FN 1380) and Exxon Mineral Seal Oil (FN 3200); may also be used in the composition of the invention.
- The following examples provide an illustration of the invention. These examples are non exhaustive and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
- Lubricating compositions are prepared by blending additives as shown in Table 1 into a 10W-40 lubricant. The lubricating compositions have a phosphorus content in the lubricating composition from a metal hydrocarbyl dithiophosphate of less than 0.12 wt %. The compositions prepared are:
Table 1 Example Polymer Type Number Average Molecular Weight REF1 Commercially available Olefin copolymer Over 100,000 REF2 Commercially available Olefin copolymer 84,000 EX1 Polymethacrylate 15,000 - A viscosity test to determine Shear Stable Index (SSI) is carried out employing (i) a KRL Rig at 80 °C for 20 hours and the methodology of CEC L-45-A-99; and (ii) separately an Orbahn™ Rig and the methodology of CEC-14-A-93_30. Generally, better results are obtained for examples with lower percentage reductions in viscosity. Further acceptable results are obtained when the percentage loss in viscosity is 12 % or less. The results obtained are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 Example SOT EOT % Loss SSI SSI /---- -- KRL Rig- ----/ (Orbahn) REF1 KV100 14.96 7.94 46.93 76 25 KV40 98.2 48.50 50.61 - - REF2 KV100 11.86 10.30 13.15 26 0 KV40 77.39 65.52 15.34 - - EX1 KV100 12.72 11.68 8.18 14 0 KV40 83.60 75.35 9.87 - - - Footnote to Table 2, SOT is defined as Start of Test; and EOT is defined as End of Test and "-" represents unmeasured values.
- The results indicate that the presence of the viscosity modifier with a number average molecular weight from 1000 to 75,000 has acceptable shear stability and is suitable for viscosity control in an internal combustion engine comprising a crankcase and at least one of a gear and a wet-clutch. Further, the viscosity modifier is capable of imparting at least one of wear control, acceptable fuel economy, acceptable high temperature viscometrics and increased lubricant oil service drains. Furthermore, the results indicate that a polymer with a low Shear Stability Index of 26 and a number average molecular weight of above 75,000 provides poor a viscosity control performance.
- In this specification the terms "hydrocarbyl substituent" or "hydrocarbyl group," as used herein are used in its ordinary sense, which is well-known to those skilled in the art. Specifically, it refers to a group primarily composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms and attached to the remainder of the molecule through a carbon atom and which does not exclude the presence of other atoms or groups in a proportion insufficient to detract from the molecule having a predominantly hydrocarbon character. In general, no more than two, in one aspect no more than one, non-hydrocarbon substituent will be present for every ten carbon atoms in the hydrocarbyl group; typically, there will be no non-hydrocarbon substituents in the hydrocarbyl group. A more detailed definition of the terms "hydrocarbyl substituent" or "hydrocarbyl group," is provided in
US Patent Number 6,583,092 . - As used herein the term poly(meth)acrylate and other generic stems with (meth)acryl means polymethacrylate, polyacrylate or other acryl or methacryl moieties.
- Unless otherwise indicated, each chemical or composition referred to herein should be interpreted as being a commercial grade material which may contain the isomers, by-products, derivatives, and other such materials which are normally understood to be present in the commercial grade. It is to be understood that the upper and lower amount, range, and ratio limits set forth herein may be independently combined. Similarly, the ranges and amounts for each element of the invention may be used together with ranges or amounts for any of the other elements.
Claims (11)
- A method of lubricating an internal combustion engine comprising a crankcase and at least one of a gear and a wet-clutch, said method comprising supplying to said crankcase and to at least one of said gear and wet-clutch a lubricating composition comprising:(a) an oil of lubricating viscosity; and(b) a viscosity modifier with a number average molecular weight from 1000 to 75,000, wherein the viscosity modifier is a poly(meth)acrylate, wherein the viscosity modifier has a Shear Stability Index (SSI) as determined by CEC L-45-A-99 of 22 or less,wherein the lubricating composition has a SAE viscosity grade from XW-Y, wherein X is from 0 to 20 and Y is from 20 to 50; and wherein the lubricating composition has a phosphorus content from a metal hydrocarbyl dithiophosphate of 0.12 wt % or less, wherein the internal combustion engine is a 4-stroke motorcycle engine.
- The method of claim 1, wherein the internal combustion engine has a common oil reservoir supplying the same lubricating composition to the crankcase and at least one of a gear and a wet-clutch.
- The method of claim 1, wherein the lubricating composition is supplied to the crankcase and to the gear or multiplicity of gears.
- The method of claim 1, wherein the lubricating composition is supplied to the crankcase and the wet clutch.
- The method of claim 1, wherein the lubricating composition is supplied to the crankcase and both the gear (or gears) and the wet clutch.
- The method of claim 1, wherein the viscosity modifier has a number average molecular weight from 2000 to 60,000, or from 8000 to 40,000.
- The method of claim 1, wherein the viscosity modifier has a number average molecular weight from 1000 to 20,000, or from 25,000 to 40,000.
- The method of claim 1, wherein the viscosity modifier is a functionalized poly(meth)acrylate.
- The method of claim 8, wherein the poly(meth)acrylate is functionalized with a nitrogen containing monomer.
- The method of claim 1, wherein the viscosity modifier is present in an amount from 0.5 wt % to 95 wt %, or from 1 wt % to 40 wt % of the lubricating composition.
- The method of claim 1, wherein the viscosity modifier has a Shear Stability Index (SSI) as determined by CEC L-45-A-99 of 4 to 18.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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US63843704P | 2004-12-22 | 2004-12-22 | |
PCT/US2005/044925 WO2006068866A1 (en) | 2004-12-22 | 2005-12-13 | Method of viscosity control |
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EP1844128A1 EP1844128A1 (en) | 2007-10-17 |
EP1844128B1 true EP1844128B1 (en) | 2017-11-08 |
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EP05853765.5A Active EP1844128B1 (en) | 2004-12-22 | 2005-12-13 | Method of viscosity control |
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US (2) | US20080096778A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1844128B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5004237B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN101120077B (en) |
ES (1) | ES2648996T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2006068866A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE102009001301A1 (en) * | 2008-03-11 | 2009-09-24 | Volkswagen Ag | Method for lubricating a component only for the clutch of an automatic transmission, which requires lubrication |
WO2009125075A1 (en) * | 2008-04-11 | 2009-10-15 | Total Raffinage Marketing | Multipurpose lubricant fluid |
US8445418B2 (en) | 2008-09-19 | 2013-05-21 | Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. | Lubricating oil composition for internal combustion engine |
DE102010028195A1 (en) * | 2010-04-26 | 2011-10-27 | Evonik Rohmax Additives Gmbh | Lubricant for transmissions |
EP2705127A1 (en) | 2011-05-04 | 2014-03-12 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Motorcycle engine lubricant |
WO2013066915A1 (en) * | 2011-11-01 | 2013-05-10 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Lubricants with improved low-temperature fuel economy |
EP3158032B1 (en) | 2014-06-18 | 2022-09-14 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Motorcycle engine lubricant |
JP2017066220A (en) * | 2015-09-29 | 2017-04-06 | Jxエネルギー株式会社 | Lubricating oil composition |
US20180148663A1 (en) | 2016-11-30 | 2018-05-31 | Chevron Japan Ltd. | Lubricating oil compositions for motorcycles |
JP6927488B2 (en) | 2017-03-30 | 2021-09-01 | 出光興産株式会社 | A lubricating oil composition for a two-wheeled vehicle, a method for improving the fuel efficiency of a two-wheeled vehicle using the lubricating oil composition, and a method for producing the lubricating oil composition. |
GB201718527D0 (en) | 2017-11-09 | 2017-12-27 | Croda Int Plc | Lubricant formulation & friction modifier additive |
CN114276856B (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-12-30 | 金丰宏润科技(广东)有限公司 | Fully synthetic ester motorcycle oil and preparation method thereof |
Family Cites Families (16)
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DE1248643B (en) * | 1959-03-30 | 1967-08-31 | The Lubrizol Corporation, Cleveland, Ohio (V. St. A.) | Process for the preparation of oil-soluble aylated amines |
US3835053A (en) * | 1972-11-13 | 1974-09-10 | Shell Oil Co | Lubricating compositions |
US4234435A (en) * | 1979-02-23 | 1980-11-18 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Novel carboxylic acid acylating agents, derivatives thereof, concentrate and lubricant compositions containing the same, and processes for their preparation |
US5112509A (en) | 1988-12-22 | 1992-05-12 | Texaco, Inc. | Non-dispersant, shear-stabilizing, and wear-inhibiting viscosity index improver |
JPH04282054A (en) * | 1991-03-07 | 1992-10-07 | Suzuki Motor Corp | Engine lubricating circuit for motorcycle |
US6004910A (en) * | 1994-04-28 | 1999-12-21 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Crankcase lubricant for modern heavy duty diesel and gasoline fueled engines |
US5789355A (en) * | 1995-06-06 | 1998-08-04 | Exxon Chemical Limited | Low volatility lubricating compositions |
US6124249A (en) | 1998-12-22 | 2000-09-26 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Viscosity improvers for lubricating oil compositions |
US6408812B1 (en) * | 2000-09-19 | 2002-06-25 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Method of operating spark-ignition four-stroke internal combustion engine |
US6455477B1 (en) * | 2000-12-11 | 2002-09-24 | Infineum International Ltd. | Two-cycle lubricating oil with reduced smoke generation |
US20030013623A1 (en) * | 2001-05-01 | 2003-01-16 | Kwok-Leung Tse | Olefin copolymer viscocity index improvers |
US6583092B1 (en) * | 2001-09-12 | 2003-06-24 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Lubricating oil composition |
MY128504A (en) * | 2001-09-25 | 2007-02-28 | Pennzoil Quaker State Co | Environmentally friendly lubricants |
JP2006501353A (en) * | 2002-09-30 | 2006-01-12 | シエル・インターナシヨネイル・リサーチ・マーチヤツピイ・ベー・ウイ | Continuously variable transmission device liquid and manufacturing method thereof |
JP2005030304A (en) * | 2003-07-14 | 2005-02-03 | Yamaha Motor Co Ltd | Lubrication device of dry sump type four-cycle engine |
JP2007514040A (en) * | 2003-12-12 | 2007-05-31 | ザ ルブリゾル コーポレイション | Lubricating composition containing succinimide dispersant |
-
2005
- 2005-12-13 US US11/722,368 patent/US20080096778A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-12-13 CN CN2005800482982A patent/CN101120077B/en active Active
- 2005-12-13 EP EP05853765.5A patent/EP1844128B1/en active Active
- 2005-12-13 ES ES05853765.5T patent/ES2648996T3/en active Active
- 2005-12-13 WO PCT/US2005/044925 patent/WO2006068866A1/en active Application Filing
- 2005-12-13 JP JP2007548277A patent/JP5004237B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2010
- 2010-05-04 US US12/773,150 patent/US20100212624A1/en not_active Abandoned
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EP1844128A1 (en) | 2007-10-17 |
CN101120077A (en) | 2008-02-06 |
US20100212624A1 (en) | 2010-08-26 |
JP2008525583A (en) | 2008-07-17 |
WO2006068866A9 (en) | 2008-02-21 |
WO2006068866A1 (en) | 2006-06-29 |
CN101120077B (en) | 2012-07-04 |
JP5004237B2 (en) | 2012-08-22 |
ES2648996T3 (en) | 2018-01-09 |
US20080096778A1 (en) | 2008-04-24 |
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