EP1835044A1 - Component based on a hybrid material - Google Patents
Component based on a hybrid material Download PDFInfo
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- EP1835044A1 EP1835044A1 EP07005138A EP07005138A EP1835044A1 EP 1835044 A1 EP1835044 A1 EP 1835044A1 EP 07005138 A EP07005138 A EP 07005138A EP 07005138 A EP07005138 A EP 07005138A EP 1835044 A1 EP1835044 A1 EP 1835044A1
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- Prior art keywords
- component
- characterization
- matrix
- component according
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
- B22D19/02—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product for making reinforced articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
- B22F3/26—Impregnating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C47/00—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
- C22C47/02—Pretreatment of the fibres or filaments
- C22C47/06—Pretreatment of the fibres or filaments by forming the fibres or filaments into a preformed structure, e.g. using a temporary binder to form a mat-like element
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C47/00—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
- C22C47/08—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments by contacting the fibres or filaments with molten metal, e.g. by infiltrating the fibres or filaments placed in a mould
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C47/00—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
- C22C47/08—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments by contacting the fibres or filaments with molten metal, e.g. by infiltrating the fibres or filaments placed in a mould
- C22C47/12—Infiltration or casting under mechanical pressure
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
Definitions
- the invention relates to a component based on a hybrid material, which consists of at least two components, wherein at least one component is a metallic matrix.
- WO 2005/052199 A1 For example, a method of making a metallic matrix device and reinforcing it with fibers or particles is known.
- a semifinished product is first produced in which the fibers or particles and the metallic composite material are contained.
- the shaping takes place by thixotropic shaping in a mold at a temperature above the solidus temperature and below the liquidus temperature of the metallic matrix material.
- fiber reinforcement of the matrix material fibers are used which consist of carbon, silicon carbide, aluminum oxide or mullite. The damage of these fibers and particles should be prevented with the solution according to the invention. Disadvantage of this solution is the complicated production of the semifinished product.
- WO 2005/052199 A1 describes a process for producing a metal matrix component and reinforcement by fibers or particles, wherein the fibers or particles are as little as possible to be damaged by the molten metal into which they are introduced.
- a semi-finished product is first prepared in which the (non-metallic - inorganic) fibers or particles and the metallic matrix material are included. Thixoforming then takes place in a mold above the solidus and below the liquidus temperature of the metallic matrix material.
- the object of the invention is to develop a component on the basis of a hybrid material, which is easy to produce, allows the setting of final component properties, if necessary, according to the forces acting on the component influences in its properties is changeable, and by the combination of at least two components in terms specific characteristics has a superiority over the individual components.
- the component based on a hybrid material which consists of at least two components, according to the invention comprises a first component in the form of a matrix component of a first metallic or non-metallic material and at least one second component in the form of a characterization component, which consists wholly or partly of a second metallic material and is combined with the metallic or non-metallic matrix component to form the hybrid material.
- the characterization component is at least partially embedded / infiltrated into the matrix component. It is possible that the matrix component connects several characterization components, which may consist of the same or different materials.
- the characterization components are arranged in the matrix component at equal or different distances or may be embedded at defined locations / graded in the matrix / component.
- the matrix component loads / strains can be introduced into the characterization component, wherein it is also possible that the matrix component protects the characterization component from chemical influences. It is possible to use a matrix component which is plasticizable in the region of stress peaks, whereby mechanically induced cracks can be isolated. Furthermore, it is possible that the mechanical and / or thermal properties of the component can be set by the volume content and / or the arrangement and / or the orientation and / or the properties of the characterization component.
- An essential advantage of the invention is that the mechanical characteristic of the component can be adjusted by static and / or dynamic and / or thermal stress by means of the characterization component. This makes it possible to set the performance characteristics of the component defined, so that they are changeable under changing boundary conditions (thermal and / or mechanical).
- the matrix component and the characterization component (s) are preferably combined / combined with one another via shaping in the partially liquid state of the matrix component.
- the matrix component consists in particular of light metal or a light metal alloy, for example of aluminum, magnesium, titanium, aluminum alloys, magnesium alloys or titanium alloy.
- aluminum-silicon alloys or aluminum-magnesium alloys are used, it being understood that a variety of other metals / alloys can be used. Preference is given to light metals and their alloys into consideration.
- the characterization component may be formed in the manner of a preform and integrated into the matrix component.
- steel or non-ferrous metal e.g., titanium is preferably used.
- the characterization component may contain, in addition to the metallic constituents, further constituents based on ceramic, oxidic material, glass, carbon, plastic or combinations of the abovementioned materials.
- the characterization component can be in the form of metal foam, granules, particles or powders or produced by rapid prototyping.
- the characterization component may be in the form of two- or three-dimensional layers, woven fabrics, knits, crocheted, gridded or in the form of rods or in the form of hollow cross sections (eg in the form of microtubes). It is also possible to introduce the characterization component in the form of different semi-finished textile molds in the component.
- the surfaces of the reinforcing component may have specific features such as texturing, undercutting (shingles), specific roughness to produce a positive, positive and / or cohesive connection or a combination thereof with the matrix component.
- the characterization component is embedded / infiltrated in one or more layers in the matrix component.
- the characterization component preferably has higher strength properties than the matrix component. This makes it possible to produce a highly heavy-duty component at low weight.
- a characterization component composed of a multi-layered fabric made of titanium is embedded in a matrix component made of an aluminum alloy, the characterization component substantially increases the resistance of the component in comparison to a component which consists only of the matrix material.
- the characterization component contains metastable alloying elements or is formed on the basis of metastable alloying elements (metastability being a 'weak' form of stability.)
- a metastable state is stable to small changes but unstable to major changes in a defined imbalance state).
- the characterization component in continuous or discontinuous form (e.g., at the atomic level, grain level, particle level) in the matrix component.
- the production of the component based on a hybrid material is carried out by semi-liquid shaping.
- the first material of which the matrix component consists is converted into a partially liquid state and then the characterization component is embedded therein.
- the structure of defined preforms / preforms is made up of characterization components (2-dimensional and 3-dimensional, defined volume content). It is possible to integrate into the molded body already components of the first material used for the matrix component.
- the setting of the mechanical characteristic is carried out, inter alia, on the position and the volume content of the characterization component.
- the matrix component is heated to a temperature range in which it is partially melted (at least 20%). Part of the matrix alloy used is therefore already molten, while other constituents of the same alloy are in the solid or semi-solid phase. Now, the shaping takes place eg via a modified forging, casting process.
- the Matrix component is introduced in the partially liquid state in a form in which previously the characterization component (eg as semi-finished) was introduced defined (possibly a surface activation of these components is necessary).
- the tool is heated in an advantageous manner; the characterization component can also be heated.
- the preform / preform and the matrix component separately, wherein the matrix component is partially liquid and infiltrates the preform by a modified forging, casting, extrusion process or a combination of these.
- the hybrid material produced according to the method, from which the component is made thus consists of two or more components that have been combined in a defined manner.
- the component according to the invention consists of a hybrid material based on at least one metallic component and another component with different properties, which perform specific tasks in the hybrid composite.
- a defined setting of the achievable mechanical characteristic values (tensile strength, modulus of elasticity) for the static and dynamic load case by means of a defined arrangement or defined volume content of the characterization component is possible.
- a defined setting of the achievable thermal characteristics is possible by the volume content of the characterization component.
- a defined adjustment of the material and component characteristics under static / dynamic loading is possible.
- the course of the characteristic values as a function of the load or the time is meant and intended, since these are adjustable in the described component.
- a change in the mechanical properties in use can be achieved by changing the boundary conditions.
- an "intelligent" material behavior can be achieved, similar to shape memory alloys, etc. in that when an initial threshold is exceeded by the applied external loads (force, torque, vibration, temperature), the material is possible, its structure and thus its Properties to change in use.
- a component made of a hybrid material which comprises a first component in the form of a matrix component made of a first metallic material and at least one second component in the form of a characterization component which consists wholly or partly of a second metallic material and thereby a hybrid component which is capable of carrying out reversible and non-reversible property changes (in terms of structural mechanical and thermal properties) when the boundary conditions are modified.
- the characterization component was in the form of a titanium wire mesh. Several layers of titanium wire mesh were placed in a mold. The mold was heated to 400 degrees Celsius along with this characterization component. In parallel, the matrix component was heated to 582 degrees Celsius, so that the proportion of the liquid component was about 52%. Now, the matrix component in the partially liquid state was pressed into the mold, so that the matrix component encloses the characterization component (layers of the titanium wire mesh) and also penetrates through and between the fabric layers.
- the component which has a superiority with respect to the matrix component with respect to specific characteristics.
- the component is much more loadable than with an exclusive use of an aluminum-silicon alloy or, for example, has a significant cost reduction compared to the use of titanium exclusively.
- a change in the component properties is possible in the event of changes in the boundary conditions in use.
- the titanium material undergoes a change in the lattice structure when the temperature changes, as a result of which the component changes its plastic deformation behavior.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Bauteil auf der Basis eines Hybridwerkstoffes, welcher aus wenigstens zwei Komponenten besteht, wobei mindestens eine Komponente eine metallische Matrix ist.The invention relates to a component based on a hybrid material, which consists of at least two components, wherein at least one component is a metallic matrix.
Aus
Nachteil dieser Lösung ist das aufwendige Herstellen des Halbzeuges.
Aus
Ein Kraftfahrzeugbauteil und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung, mit einem in eine Metallmatrix eingebetteten anorganischer Faserwerkstoff, ist aus
Disadvantage of this solution is the complicated production of the semifinished product.
Out
A motor vehicle component and method for its production, with an embedded in a metal matrix inorganic fiber material is made of
Alle vorgenannten Lösungen des Standes der Technik sind nicht geeignet, um die Bauteileigenschaften belastungsabhängig verändern zu können.All of the aforementioned solutions of the prior art are not suitable for changing the component properties depending on the load.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Bauteil auf der Basis eines Hybridwerkstoffes zu entwickeln, welches einfach herstellbar ist, die Einstellung finaler Bauteileigenschaften erlaubt, bedarfsweise entsprechend der auf das Bauteil wirkenden Einflüsse in seinen Eigenschaften veränderbar ist, sowie durch die Kombination der wenigstens zwei Komponenten hinsichtlich spezifischer Charakteristika eine Überlegenheit gegenüber den Einzelkomponenten aufweist.The object of the invention is to develop a component on the basis of a hybrid material, which is easy to produce, allows the setting of final component properties, if necessary, according to the forces acting on the component influences in its properties is changeable, and by the combination of at least two components in terms specific characteristics has a superiority over the individual components.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß mit den Merkmalen des ersten Patentanspruchs gelöst, vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.This object is achieved with the features of the first claim, advantageous embodiments will become apparent from the dependent claims.
Das Bauteil auf der Basis eines Hybridwerkstoffes, welcher aus wenigstens zwei Komponenten besteht, weist erfindungsgemäß eine erste Komponente in Form einer Matrixkomponente aus einem ersten metallischen oder nicht metallischen Werkstoff und mindestens eine zweite Komponente in Form einer Charakterisierungskomponente auf, die vollständig oder teilweise aus einem zweiten metallischen Werkstoff besteht und mit der metallischen bzw. nicht metallischen Matrixkomponente zur Bildung des Hybridwerkstoffes kombiniert ist. Die Charakterisierungskomponente ist dabei in die Matrixkomponente zumindest teilweise eingebettet/infiltriert. Dabei ist es möglich, dass die Matrixkomponente mehrere Charakterisierungskomponenten miteinander verbindet, die aus gleichen oder unterschiedlichen Werkstoffen bestehen können.
Die Charakterisierungskomponenten sind in der Matrixkomponente in gleichen oder unterschiedlichen Abständen angeordnet oder können an definierten Stellen/gradiert in der Matrix/dem Bauteil eingebettet sein.
Durch die Matrixkomponente sind Belastungen/Beanspruchungen in die Charakterisierungskomponente einleitbar, wobei es ebenfalls möglich ist, dass die Matrixkomponente die Charakterisierungskomponente vor chemischen Einflüssen schützt.
Es ist möglich, eine Matrixkomponente zu verwenden, die im Bereich von Spannungsspitzen plastifizierbar ist, wodurch mechanisch induzierte Risse isoliert werden können.
Weiterhin ist es möglich, dass durch den Volumengehalt und/oder die Anordnung und/oder die Ausrichtung und/oder die Eigenschaften der Charakterisierungskomponente die mechanischen und/oder thermischen Eigenschaften des Bauteils einstellbar sind.
Ein wesentlicher Vorteil der Erfindung besteht darin, dass durch die Charakterisierungskomponente die mechanische Charakteristik des Bauteils bei statischer und/oder dynamischer und/oder thermischer Beanspruchung einstellbar ist. Damit ist es möglich, die Gebrauchseigenschaften des Bauteils definiert einzustellen, so dass diese bei sich ändernden Randbedingungen (thermisch und/ oder mechanisch) veränderbar sind. Bei Überschreitung einer bestimmten Initialschwelle durch die aufgebrachten äußeren Belastungen (Kraft, Moment, Schwingung, Temperatur) soll es damit möglich sein, die Bauteileigenschaften im Gebrauchszustand durch die Veränderungen der Eigenschaften des ersten und/oder zweiten Werkstoffs zu verändern.
Die Matrixkomponente und die Charakterisierungskomponente/en werden bevorzugt über Formgebung im teilflüssigen Zustand der Matrixkomponente miteinander kombiniert/verbunden.The component based on a hybrid material, which consists of at least two components, according to the invention comprises a first component in the form of a matrix component of a first metallic or non-metallic material and at least one second component in the form of a characterization component, which consists wholly or partly of a second metallic material and is combined with the metallic or non-metallic matrix component to form the hybrid material. The characterization component is at least partially embedded / infiltrated into the matrix component. It is possible that the matrix component connects several characterization components, which may consist of the same or different materials.
The characterization components are arranged in the matrix component at equal or different distances or may be embedded at defined locations / graded in the matrix / component.
By the matrix component loads / strains can be introduced into the characterization component, wherein it is also possible that the matrix component protects the characterization component from chemical influences.
It is possible to use a matrix component which is plasticizable in the region of stress peaks, whereby mechanically induced cracks can be isolated.
Furthermore, it is possible that the mechanical and / or thermal properties of the component can be set by the volume content and / or the arrangement and / or the orientation and / or the properties of the characterization component.
An essential advantage of the invention is that the mechanical characteristic of the component can be adjusted by static and / or dynamic and / or thermal stress by means of the characterization component. This makes it possible to set the performance characteristics of the component defined, so that they are changeable under changing boundary conditions (thermal and / or mechanical). When exceeding a certain initial threshold by the applied external loads (force, moment, vibration, temperature), it should thus be possible to change the component properties in use by the changes in the properties of the first and / or second material.
The matrix component and the characterization component (s) are preferably combined / combined with one another via shaping in the partially liquid state of the matrix component.
Die Matrixkomponente besteht insbesondere aus Leichtmetall oder einer Leichtmetalllegierung, z.B. aus Aluminium, Magnesium, Titan, Aluminiumlegierungen, Magnesiumlegierungen oder Titanlegierung.The matrix component consists in particular of light metal or a light metal alloy, for example of aluminum, magnesium, titanium, aluminum alloys, magnesium alloys or titanium alloy.
Dabei finden vorzugsweise Aluminium-Silizium-Legierungen oder Aluminium-Magnesium-Legierungen Anwendung, wobei selbstverständlich auch eine Vielzahl anderer Metalle/Legierungen einsetzbar sind. Bevorzugt kommen dabei Leichtmetalle und deren Legierungen in Betracht.In this case, preferably aluminum-silicon alloys or aluminum-magnesium alloys are used, it being understood that a variety of other metals / alloys can be used. Preference is given to light metals and their alloys into consideration.
Die Charakterisierungskomponente kann in der Art einer Vorform ausgebildet und in die Matrixkomponente eingebunden sein.The characterization component may be formed in the manner of a preform and integrated into the matrix component.
Für die metallische Charakterisierungskomponente wird bevorzugt Stahl oder Nichteisenmetall (z.B. Titan) eingesetzt.For the metallic characterization component, steel or non-ferrous metal (e.g., titanium) is preferably used.
Die Charakterisierungskomponente kann neben den metallischen Bestandteilen weitere Bestandteile auf der Basis von Keramik, oxidischem Werkstoff, Glas, Karbon, Kunststoff oder Kombinationen der vorgenannten Werkstoffe enthalten. Die Charakterisierungskomponente kann in Form von Metallschaum, Granulaten, Partikel oder Pulver ausgebildet oder durch Rapid-Prototyping hergestellt sein. Alternativ kann die Charakterisierungskomponente in Form von zwei- oder dreidimensionalen Gelegen, Geweben, Gewirken, Gestricken, Gittern oder in Form von Stäben oder in Form von hohlen Querschnitten (z.B. in Form von Mikroröhrchen) ausgebildet sein.
Dabei ist es auch möglich, die Charakterisierungskomponente in Form unterschiedlicher textiler Halbzeugformen in das Bauteil einzubringen.
Die Oberflächen der Verstärkungskomponente können spezifische Merkmale wie beispielsweise eine Texturierung, Hinterschneidungen (Schuppen), spezifische Rauheit aufweisen, um eine kraft-, form- und stoffschlüssige Verbindung bzw. eine Kombination aus diesen mit der Matrixkomponente herzustellen.
Bevorzugt wird die Charakterisierungskomponente ein- oder mehrlagig in die Matrixkomponente eingebettet/infiltriert.The characterization component may contain, in addition to the metallic constituents, further constituents based on ceramic, oxidic material, glass, carbon, plastic or combinations of the abovementioned materials. The characterization component can be in the form of metal foam, granules, particles or powders or produced by rapid prototyping. Alternatively, the characterization component may be in the form of two- or three-dimensional layers, woven fabrics, knits, crocheted, gridded or in the form of rods or in the form of hollow cross sections (eg in the form of microtubes).
It is also possible to introduce the characterization component in the form of different semi-finished textile molds in the component.
The surfaces of the reinforcing component may have specific features such as texturing, undercutting (shingles), specific roughness to produce a positive, positive and / or cohesive connection or a combination thereof with the matrix component.
Preferably, the characterization component is embedded / infiltrated in one or more layers in the matrix component.
Die Charakterisierungskomponente weist vorzugsweise höhere Festigkeitseigenschaften als die Matrixkomponente auf. Dadurch ist es möglich, ein bei geringem Gewicht hochbeanspruchbares Bauteil herzustellen.The characterization component preferably has higher strength properties than the matrix component. This makes it possible to produce a highly heavy-duty component at low weight.
Wird beispielsweise in eine Matrixkomponente aus einer Aluminiumlegierung eine Charakterisierungskomponente aus einem mehrlagigen Gewebe aus Titan eingebettet, so wird durch die Charakterisierungskomponente die Beanspruchbarkeit des Bauteils im Vergleich zu einem Bauteil, welches nur aus dem Matrixwerkstoff besteht, wesentlich erhöht.If, for example, a characterization component composed of a multi-layered fabric made of titanium is embedded in a matrix component made of an aluminum alloy, the characterization component substantially increases the resistance of the component in comparison to a component which consists only of the matrix material.
Weiterhin ist es möglich, dass die Charakterisierungskomponente metastabile Legierungselemente enthält oder auf der Basis metastabiler Legierungselemente ausgebildet ist (Metastabilität ist dabei eine 'schwache' Form der Stabilität. Ein metastabiler Zustand ist stabil gegen kleine Änderungen, aber instabil gegenüber größeren Änderungen. Derartige Legierungssysteme befinden sich in einem definierten Ungleichgewichtszustand).Furthermore, it is possible that the characterization component contains metastable alloying elements or is formed on the basis of metastable alloying elements (metastability being a 'weak' form of stability.) A metastable state is stable to small changes but unstable to major changes in a defined imbalance state).
Es ist möglich, die Charakterisierungskomponente in kontinuierlicher oder diskontinuierlicher Form ( z.B. in Atomebene, Kornebene, Partikelebene) in die Matrixkomponente einzubringen.It is possible to incorporate the characterization component in continuous or discontinuous form (e.g., at the atomic level, grain level, particle level) in the matrix component.
Die Herstellung des Bauteils auf der Basis eines Hybridwerkstoffes erfolgt durch teilflüssige Formgebung. Dabei wird der erste Werkstoff, aus welchem die Matrixkomponente besteht, in einen teilflüssigen Zustand überführt und dann die Charakterisierungskomponente darin eingebettet. Dazu erfolgt der Aufbau definierter Vorkörper/Vorformen aus Charakterisierungskomponenten (2- und 3-dimensional, definierter Volumengehalt). Dabei ist es möglich, in den Formkörper bereits Komponenten des ersten Werkstoffes, der für die Matrixkomponente verwendet wird, zu integrieren. Die Einstellung der mechanischen Charakteristik erfolgt dabei unter anderem über die Lage und den Volumengehalt der Charakterisierungskomponente.The production of the component based on a hybrid material is carried out by semi-liquid shaping. In this case, the first material of which the matrix component consists is converted into a partially liquid state and then the characterization component is embedded therein. For this purpose, the structure of defined preforms / preforms is made up of characterization components (2-dimensional and 3-dimensional, defined volume content). It is possible to integrate into the molded body already components of the first material used for the matrix component. The setting of the mechanical characteristic is carried out, inter alia, on the position and the volume content of the characterization component.
Die Matrixkomponente wird auf einen Temperaturbereich erwärmt, in dem sie teilweise (mindestens 20%) aufgeschmolzen ist. Ein Teil der verwendeten Matrixlegierung ist also bereits schmelzflüssig, während andere Bestandteile der gleichen Legierung in der festen bzw. semi-soliden Phase sind. Nun erfolgt die Formgebung z.B. über einen modifizierten Schmiede-, Gießprozess. Die Matrixkomponente wird dabei im teilflüssigen Zustand in eine Form eingebracht, in welche vorher die Charakterisierungskomponente (z.B. als Halbzeug) definiert eingebracht wurde (evtl. ist eine Oberflächenaktivierung dieser Komponenten notwendig). Das Werkzeug ist dabei in vorteilhafter Weise beheizt; die Charakterisierungskomponente kann ebenfalls erwärmt sein.
Weiterhin ist es möglich, den Vorkörper/die Preform und die Matrixkomponente getrennt zu erwärmen, wobei die Matrixkomponente teilflüssig ist und den Vorkörper durch einen modifizierten Schmiede-, Gieß-, Fließpressprozess bzw. eine Kombination von diesen infiltriert. Auch hierbei ist es möglich, in die aus Charakterisierungskomponenten bestehende Vorform den ersten Werkstoff, aus welchem die Matrixkomponente besteht, zu integrieren und z.B. einen laminatartigen Schichtaufbau aus flächigen Charakterisierungskomponenten und Matrixwerkstoff im Rahmen der Vorform herzustellen.
Der verfahrensgemäß hergestellte Hybridwerkstoff, aus welchem das Bauteil hergestellt ist, besteht somit aus 2 oder mehreren Komponenten, die definiert miteinander kombiniert wurden.
Im Fall der Erfindung besteht das erfindungsgemäße Bauteil aus einem Hybridwerkstoff auf der Basis mindestens einer metallischen Komponente und einer weiteren Komponente mit unterschiedlichen Eigenschaften, die in dem hybriden Verbund spezifische Aufgaben übernehmen.The matrix component is heated to a temperature range in which it is partially melted (at least 20%). Part of the matrix alloy used is therefore already molten, while other constituents of the same alloy are in the solid or semi-solid phase. Now, the shaping takes place eg via a modified forging, casting process. The Matrix component is introduced in the partially liquid state in a form in which previously the characterization component (eg as semi-finished) was introduced defined (possibly a surface activation of these components is necessary). The tool is heated in an advantageous manner; the characterization component can also be heated.
Furthermore, it is possible to heat the preform / preform and the matrix component separately, wherein the matrix component is partially liquid and infiltrates the preform by a modified forging, casting, extrusion process or a combination of these. Here, too, it is possible to integrate into the preform consisting of characterization components the first material of which the matrix component consists, and to produce, for example, a laminate-type layer structure of areal characterization components and matrix material within the framework of the preform.
The hybrid material produced according to the method, from which the component is made, thus consists of two or more components that have been combined in a defined manner.
In the case of the invention, the component according to the invention consists of a hybrid material based on at least one metallic component and another component with different properties, which perform specific tasks in the hybrid composite.
Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung ist eine definierte Einstellung der erreichbaren mechanischen Kennwerte (Zugfestigkeit, Elastizitätsmodul) für den statischen und dynamischen Lastfall durch definierte Anordnung bzw. definierten Volumengehalt der Charakterisierungskomponente möglich. Weiterhin ist durch den Volumengehalt der Charakterisierungskomponente eine definierte Einstellung der erreichbaren thermischen Kennwerte möglich.
Darüber hinaus ist eine definierte Einstellung der Werkstoff-, Bauteilcharakteristik bei statischer/dynamischer Belastung möglich. Hierbei ist der Verlauf der Kennwerte in Abhängigkeit der Belastung bzw. der Zeit gemeint und beabsichtigt, da diese bei dem beschriebenen Bauteil einstellbar sind.With the solution according to the invention, a defined setting of the achievable mechanical characteristic values (tensile strength, modulus of elasticity) for the static and dynamic load case by means of a defined arrangement or defined volume content of the characterization component is possible. Furthermore, a defined setting of the achievable thermal characteristics is possible by the volume content of the characterization component.
In addition, a defined adjustment of the material and component characteristics under static / dynamic loading is possible. Here, the course of the characteristic values as a function of the load or the time is meant and intended, since these are adjustable in the described component.
Weiterhin kann eine Änderung der mechanischen Eigenschaften im Gebrauch durch Änderung der Randbedingungen erzielt werden. Hierbei kann ein "intelligentes" Werkstoffverhalten erreicht werden, ähnlich wie bei Formgedächtnislegierungen, etc. dadurch, dass bei Überschreiten einer Initialschwelle durch die aufgebrachten äußeren Belastungen (Kraft, Moment, Schwingung, Temperatur) ist es dem Werkstoff möglich, seine Struktur und damit auch seine Eigenschaften im Gebrauchszustand zu ändern.
Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung ist erstmalig ein Bauteil aus einem Hybridwerkstoff herstellbar, der eine erste Komponente in Form einer Matrixkomponente aus einem ersten metallischen Werkstoff und mindestens eine zweite Komponente in Form einer Charakterisierungskomponente, die vollständig oder teilweise aus einem zweiten metallischen Werkstoff besteht und dadurch ein Hybridbauteil zu erzeugen, welches in der Lage ist, reversible und nicht reversible Eigenschaftsänderungen (im Sinne der strukturmechanischen und thermischen Eigenschaften) bei Modifikation der Randbedingungen zu vollziehen.Furthermore, a change in the mechanical properties in use can be achieved by changing the boundary conditions. Here, an "intelligent" material behavior can be achieved, similar to shape memory alloys, etc. in that when an initial threshold is exceeded by the applied external loads (force, torque, vibration, temperature), the material is possible, its structure and thus its Properties to change in use.
With the solution according to the invention, for the first time a component made of a hybrid material can be produced which comprises a first component in the form of a matrix component made of a first metallic material and at least one second component in the form of a characterization component which consists wholly or partly of a second metallic material and thereby a hybrid component which is capable of carrying out reversible and non-reversible property changes (in terms of structural mechanical and thermal properties) when the boundary conditions are modified.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand eines Ausführungsbeispieles näher erläutert.The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to an embodiment.
Es wurde ein Bauteil aus einem ersten Werkstoff aus einer Aluminium-Silizium-Legierung als Matrixkomponente und aus einem zweiten Werkstoff aus Titan als Charakterisierungskomponente hergestellt.
Dabei lag die Charakterisierungskomponente in Form eines Titandrahtgewebes vor. Es wurden mehrere Lagen des Titandrahtgewebes in eine Form eingelegt. Die Form wurde gemeinsam mit dieser Charakterisierungskomponente auf 400 Grad Celsius erwärmt. Parallel dazu wurde die Matrixkomponente auf 582 Grad Celsius erwärmt, so dass der Anteil der Flüssigkomponente ca. 52% betrug. Nun wurde die sich im teilflüssigen Zustand befindliche Matrixkomponente in die Form gepresst, so dass die Matrixkomponente die Charakterisierungskomponente (Lagen des Titan-Drahtgewebes) umschließt und auch durch und zwischen die Gewebelagen dringt.It was a component made of a first material of an aluminum-silicon alloy as a matrix component and a second material made of titanium as a characterization component.
The characterization component was in the form of a titanium wire mesh. Several layers of titanium wire mesh were placed in a mold. The mold was heated to 400 degrees Celsius along with this characterization component. In parallel, the matrix component was heated to 582 degrees Celsius, so that the proportion of the liquid component was about 52%. Now, the matrix component in the partially liquid state was pressed into the mold, so that the matrix component encloses the characterization component (layers of the titanium wire mesh) and also penetrates through and between the fabric layers.
Es wurde damit ein Bauteil erzeugt, welches hinsichtlich spezifischer Charakteristika eine Überlegenheit gegenüber der Matrixkomponente aufweist. Das Bauteil ist wesentlich beanspruchbarer als bei einer ausschließlichen Verwendung einer Aluminium-Silizium-Legierung oder weist beispielsweise eine signifikante Kostenreduktion gegenüber der Verwendung von ausschließlich Titan auf.
Bei Kombination der Matrixkomponente aus Stahl mit einer Charakterisierungskomponente aus Titan ist eine Veränderung der Bauteileigenschaften bei Änderungen der Randbedingungen im Gebrauchszustand möglich. Z.B erfolgt bei dem Werkstoff Titan eine Veränderung der Gitterstruktur bei Temperaturänderung, wodurch das Bauteil sein plastisches Verformungsverhalten ändert.It was thus produced a component which has a superiority with respect to the matrix component with respect to specific characteristics. The component is much more loadable than with an exclusive use of an aluminum-silicon alloy or, for example, has a significant cost reduction compared to the use of titanium exclusively.
When the matrix component of steel is combined with a characterization component made of titanium, a change in the component properties is possible in the event of changes in the boundary conditions in use. For example, the titanium material undergoes a change in the lattice structure when the temperature changes, as a result of which the component changes its plastic deformation behavior.
Wird als Charakterisierungskomponente Stahldraht verwendet (in unterschiedlicher Halbzeugart), kommt es beispielsweise durch eine thermisch induzierte Martensitbildung zu einer Modifikation des Bauteilsverhaltens.If steel wire is used as the characterization component (in different semifinished product type), a thermally induced martensite formation, for example, leads to a modification of the component behavior.
Insgesamt wird mit der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung ein überraschend einfach herstellbares Bauteil mit definierbaren Eigenschaften geschaffen, wobei diese Eigenschaften bei entsprechenden Belastungen des Bauteils veränderbar sein können.Overall, a surprisingly simple manufacturable component with definable properties is created with the solution according to the invention, wherein these properties can be changed with appropriate loads of the component.
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