EP1834032A1

EP1834032A1 - Method for printing or colouring substrates

Info

Publication number: EP1834032A1
Application number: EP05816594A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Pia Baum; Heinz Heissler; Karl Siemensmeyer; Dominik Winter; Ulrike Licht; Karl Häberle
Original assignee: BASF SE
Current assignee: BASF SE
Priority date: 2004-12-20
Filing date: 2005-12-16
Publication date: 2007-09-19
Also published as: JP2008524453A; WO2006066809A1; US20100047531A1; CN101084344A; DE102004062438A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for printing or colouring substrates, said method being characterised in that substrates to be printed or coloured are brought into contact with (A) at least one treated particulate pigment and (B) at least one compound that can be cross-linked under the action of thermal energy or following the addition of a catalyst. Said particulate pigment is produced according to a method comprising the following steps: a) at least one particulate pigment is dispersed with at least one non-ionic surface-active substance, b) the dispersion thus obtained, consisting of a particulate pigment and the non-ionic surface-active substance, is mixed with an aqueous medium, c) at least one first monomer is polymerised or a first mixture of comonomers is copolymerised in the presence of a mixture according to b), a water-insoluble polymer or copolymer being formed on the surface of the particulate pigment, and d) at least one second monomer or a second mixture of comonomers is added, followed by polymerisation or copolymerisation.

Description

Process for printing or coloring substrates

description

The present invention relates to a method for printing or colorizing substrates, characterized in that to be printed or colored substrates contacted with

(A) at least one treated pigment in particulate form prepared by a process comprising the following steps:

a) dispersing at least one pigment in particulate form with at least one nonionic surfactant, b) mixing the thus obtainable dispersion of pigment in particulate form and nonionic surfactant with aqueous medium, c) polymerizing at least one first monomer or copolymerization a first mixture of comonomers in the presence of a mixture according to b), wherein water-insoluble polymer or copolymer is formed on the surface of pigment in particulate form, d) adding at least one second monomer or a second mixture of comonomers and polymerization or copolymerization

and continue with

(B) at least one compound which is capable of crosslinking under the action of thermal energy or after addition of catalyst.

Specifically, the invention relates to inks for the ink-jet process and the coloration of substrates by the ink-jet process and a process for printing flat or three-dimensionally shaped substrates, in particular textile substrates, in the ink-jet process, in which inventive Inks are used. Furthermore, the present invention relates to colorant preparations, in particular for preparations for colorizing textile, for example by pigment dyeing or pigment printing. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a process for coloration of textile and colored textile.

Furthermore, the present invention relates to substrates printed with the inks of the invention. In particular, the present invention further relates to printing pastes for pigment printing, in particular textile pigment printing, and dyeing liquors, in particular for the pigment dyeing process. Colorant preparations which are to be used in modern processes of coloring substrates, such as, for example, pigment dyes, pigment printing and ink-jet processes, are subject to demanding requirements. Colored substrates should have a high brilliance of the colors, the color should be durable, ie have high fastness properties, such as rubbing fastness.

In particular, the high requirements apply to colorant preparations which serve as or for the production of inks which are used in the ink jet process (inkjet printing processes such as thermal inkjet, piezo ink jet, continuous ink jet, valve jet,

Transfer printing method) should be used. They must be suitable for printing suitable viscosity and surface tension, they must be storage stable, ie, they should not coagulate or flocculate, and they must not lead to clogging of printer nozzles, which in particular can be problematic for dispersed, so not dissolved colorant particles containing inks , In addition, the storage stability requirements of these inks include that the dispersed colorant particles do not settle. Furthermore, in the case of the continuous ink jet, the inks must be stable to the addition of conductive salts and show no tendency to flocculate upon increasing the ion content. In addition, the prints obtained must meet the coloristic requirements, i. high brilliance and color depth, and good fastnesses, e.g. Rub fastness, light fastness, waterfastness and wet scrub fastness, wash fastness and chemical cleaning resistance.

In addition, it is necessary that inks on the substrate dry quickly, so that printed images or lettering do not run and, for example, ink droplets of different color do not mix. It is necessary to produce pin sharp prints that not only the drying time of the prints is minimized, but also that during the time in which the ink droplets are on the substrate to be printed, these droplets do not run. This ability of the ink is also called state.

Rubbing fastnesses of colorant preparations and in particular inks for the ink-jet process are in many cases improved by using a so-called binder, which is applied after printing or used as an additive for colorant preparation or ink and with the actual colorant preparation or Ink is printed, s. For example, WO 99/01516, p 14 ff.

In some cases, the brilliance of KoJorierungen still leaves something to be desired. This applies, for example, to the application of binder-containing colorant preparations, if it is desired to produce trichromes. One often observes one Migration of pigments after application, and pin sharp images are either not sufficiently durable or can not be produced permanently. In addition, in some cases, the feel of printed substrates can still be improved because it is desired that printed substrates, and in particular textile substrates, have a pleasantly soft feel and should not become stiff when printed.

There are attempts to treat pigments by coating them with a polymer. No. 3,133,893 discloses the coating of pigments which have been treated with a surface-active agent with polyacrylonitrile produced in a polymerization step, which is synthesized in the presence of the pigment. The pigments thus coated can be incorporated into fibers. For use in the coloration of substrates, the haptic properties such as the handle, however, are often unsatisfactory for modern requirements.

No. 4,608,401 discloses a process for the encapsulation of pigments for latex paints, in which pigment particles with water-insoluble monomers and a detergent under conditions in which no shear forces act are dispersed in water and subsequently subjected to the conditions of an emulsion polymerization. For use in the coloration of substrates, the haptic properties such as the handle, however, are often unsatisfactory for modern requirements.

No. 4,680,200 discloses a process for the encapsulation of non-pretreated pigments in which pigment particles with styrene and the oligomer Polywet KX-3 from Uniroyal are dispersed in water and subsequently subjected to the conditions of an emulsion polymerization.

US 3,544,500 discloses a process for preparing pigments coated with specific polymers, which are prepared by physically adsorbing water-soluble polymers to the polymer and then introducing an unsolvated anchor component. However, the use of water-soluble polymers for coating pigments for inks for the ink-jet process is not advantageous because the coating is peeled off again upon prolonged storage of the ink. In addition, printed textiles, in particular, are not sufficiently wet- and perspiration-fast, and the wash fastness is also in many cases not sufficient.

From EP-A 1 245 653 a process for the preparation of inks for the ink-jet-Ver. known, according to the pigment particles with water-soluble monomers such as acrylic acid and optionally other comonomers mixed and subsequently subjected to emulsion polymerization. The water fastness, and especially the wash fastness, of substrates printed with the disclosed inks is in many cases not sufficient.

From EP-A 1 138 512 it is known that silica gel can be coated with a uniform polymer which is prepared by emulsion polymerization in the presence of the relevant silica gel.

It was the object to provide methods for coloring substrates which avoid the disadvantages known from the prior art.

Accordingly, the method defined above was found. In the following, pigments (A) treated in particulate form are also abbreviated briefly as (A).

Substrates to be colored may consist of any desired materials, in particular they may be flexible substrates such as, for example, leather, imitation leather or polymer films. Particularly preferred substrates are textile substrates. For the purposes of the present invention, textiles or textile substrates are to be understood as meaning textile fibers, semi-finished and finished finished products and finished goods made therefrom which, in addition to textiles for the clothing industry, also include carpets and other home textiles as well as textile structures serving technical purposes. These include unshaped structures such as flakes, linear structures such as twine, threads, yarns, linen, cords, ropes, threads and body structures such as felts, fabrics, knitted fabrics, nonwovens and wadding. The textiles may be of natural origin, for example cotton, wool or flax, or synthetic, for example polyamide, polyester, modified polyester, polyester blend, polyamide blend, polyacrylonitrile, triacetate, acetate, polycarbonate, polypropylene, polyvinylchloride, polyester microfibers and glass fiber fabrics.

It starts with pigments in particulate form. For the purposes of the present invention, pigments are to be understood as meaning virtually insoluble, dispersed finely divided, organic or inorganic colorants as defined in DIN 55944.

Pigments can be selected from inorganic and preferably organic pigments.

Exemplary selected inorganic pigments are

Zinc oxide, zinc sulfide, lithopone, lead white, lead sulfate, chalk, titanium dioxide; Iron oxide yellow, cadmium yellow, nickel titanium yellow, chrome titanium yellow, chrome yellow, bleach, bismuth vanadate, Naples yellow or zinc yellow, ultramarine blue, cobalt blue, manganese blue, iron blue, ultramarine green, cobalt green, chromium oxide (chrome oxide green); Ultramarine violet, cobalt violet, manganese violet; Ultramarine red, molybdenum red, chrome red, cadmium red; Iron oxide brown, chrome iron brown, zinc iron brown, mangantite brown; Iron oxide black, iron manganese black, spinel black, carbon black .; orange spinels and corundum, cadmium orange, chrome orange, lead molybdate; Aluminum or Cu / Zn alloy.

Preferred are carbon black, iron oxide pigments such as iron oxide yellow, iron oxide brown and iron oxide black, zinc oxide and titanium dioxide.

As carbon blacks are in particular those mentioned, which are prepared by the Gasruß- method, the Flammruß method or the Furnaceruß process.

The BET surface area of carbon black used in accordance with the invention can be, for example, in the range from 20 to 2000 m ² / g, determined according to DIN 66131/2 or ISO 4652.

Carbon black used according to the invention can be surface-modified, for example by oxidation. Carbon black used according to the invention can have acidic and / or basic groups, for example carboxyl groups, lactol groups, phenol groups, quinone groups, basic oxides with, for example, pyrone-like structures.

Examples of selected organic pigments, which are also counted below vat dyes, are

Monoazo pigments, such as Cl. Pigment Brown 25; Cl. Pigment Orange 5, 13, 36 and 67; Cl. Pigment Red 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 9, 12, 17, 22, 23, 31, 48: 1, 48: 2, 48: 3, 48: 4, 49, 49: 1, 52: 1, 52: 2, 53, 53: 1, 53: 3, 57: 1, 63, 112, 146, 170, 184, 210, 245 and 251; Cl. Pigment Yellow 1, 3, 73, 74, 65, 97, 151 and 183; Disazo pigments such as Cl. Pigment Orange 16, 34 and 44; Cl. Pigment Red 144, 166, 214 and 242; Cl. Pigment Yellow 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 81, 83, 106, 113, 126, 127, 155, 174, 176 and 188;

Anthanthrone pigments, such as Cl. Pigment Red 168 and Cl. Vat Orange 3; Anthrachinonpigmente, such as Cl. Pigment Yellow 147 and 177; Cl. Pigment Violet 31; Anthrapyrimidine pigments such as Cl. Pigment Yellow 108, Cl. Vat Yellow

20;

Quinacridone pigments, such as Cl. Pigment Red 122, 202 and 206; Cl. Pigment Violet 19; Quinophthalone pigments such as Cl. Pigment Yellow 138;

Dioxazine pigments, such as Cl. Pigment Violet 23 and 37;

Diketopyrrolopyrrole: CI. Pigment Orange 71, 73 and 81, Cl. Pigment Red

254, 255, 264, 270 and 272;

Flavanthrone pigments such as Cl. Pigment Yellow 24, Cl. Vat Yellow 1; Indanthrone pigments, such as Cl. Pigment Blue 60 and 64, Cl. Vat Blue 4 and 6;

Isoindoline pigments, such as Cl. Pigment Orange 69; Cl. Pigment Red 260;

Cl. Pigment Yellow 139 and 185;

Isoindolinone pigments, such as Cl. Pigment Orange 61; Cl. Pigment Red 257 and 260; Cl. Pigment Yellow 109, 110, 173 and 185;

Isoviolanthrone pigments, such as Cl. Pigment Violet 31 and CI. Vat Violet 1;

Metal complex pigments, such as Cl. Pigment Yellow 117, 150 and 153; Cl.

Pigment Green 8;

Perinone pigments, such as, for example, Cl. Pigment Orange 43, Cl. Vat Orange 7, Cl. Pigment Red 194, Cl. Vat Red 15;

Perylene pigments, such as Cl. Pigment Black 31 and 32; Cl. Pigment Red

123, 149, 178, 179, Cl. Vat Red 23, 190, 29 and 224; Cl. Pigment Violet 29;

Phthalocyanine pigments such as Cl. Pigment Blue 15, 15: 1, 15: 2, 15: 3,

15: 4, 15: 6 and 16; Cl. Pigment Green 7 and 36; Pyranthrone pigments, such as Cl. Pigment Orange 51; Cl. Pigment Red

216 and Cl. Vat Orange 4;

Thioindigo pigments such as Cl. Pigment Red 88 and 181, Cl. Vat Red 1;

Cl. Pigment Violet 38 and Cl. Vat Violet 3;

Triaryl carbonium pigments such as Cl. Pigment Blue 1, 61 and 62; Cl. Pigment Green 1; Cl. Pigment Red 81, 81: 1 and 169; Cl. Pigment Violet 1, 2, 3 and

27; Cl. Pigment Black 1 (aniline black);

Cl. Pigment Yellow 101 (Aldazingelb);

Cl. Pigment Brown 22.

Examples of particularly preferred organic pigments are: Cl. Pigment Yellow 138, Cl. Pigment Red 122, Cl. Pigment Violet 19, Cl. Pigment Blue 15: 3 and 15: 4, Cl. Pigment Black 7, Cl. Pigment Orange 5, 38 and 43 and Cl. Pigment Green 7.

According to the invention, mixtures of two or more different pigments can also be used. It is assumed that pigments are present in particulate form, ie in the form of particles. For example, it is possible to start from so-called crude pigments, which are untreated pigments, as obtained after pigment synthesis. The particles may be regular or irregular in shape, for example, the particles may be in spherical or near-spherical or needle-shaped form. One can do this step (a) so that a wet comminution takes place.

In one embodiment of the present invention, one starts from pre-milled pigment.

In one embodiment of the present invention, pre-milled pigment is based on having been coated with at least one pigment derivative, for example a pigment sulfonic acid, a pigment amidosulfonic acid or a methyleneamine derivative of a pigment.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the particles are in spherical or approximately spherical shape, i. the ratio of the longest diameter to the smallest diameter is in the range of 1.0 to 2.0, preferably 1.5.

The pigment or pigments in particulate form are dispersed in step a) with at least one nonionic surfactant.

Examples of suitable nonionic surface-active substances are, for example, ethoxylated mono-, di- and tri-alkylphenols (degree of ethoxylation: from 3 to 50, alkyl radical: C ₃ -C ₁₂ ) and also ethoxylated fatty alcohols (EO degree: from 3 to 80; ₈ -C ₃₆ ). Examples are the Lutensol ^® grades from BASF AG or the Triton ^® grades from Union Carbide. Particular preference is given to ethoxylated linear fatty alcohols of the general formula III

nC _× H _{2x + 1} -O (CH ₂ CH ₂ θ) _y -H, III

where x are integers in the range of 10 to 24, preferably in the range of 12 to 20. The variable y preferably stands for integers in the range of 5 to 50, more preferably 8 to 40.

Ethoxylated linear fatty alcohols of the general formula III are usually present as a mixture of different ethoxylated fatty alcohols with different degrees of ethoxylation. The variable y in the context of the present invention stands for the mean value (number average). The dispersion of pigment in particulate form and at least one nonionic surfactant takes place in devices suitable for dispersing, preferably in mills such as ball mills or stirred ball mills. Particularly suitable is the ball mill Drais Superflow DCP SF 12.

For example, V2 hours to 48 hours have been found to be a suitable period for dispersing, although a longer period is also conceivable. Preferred is a period for dispersing from 5 to 24 hours.

Pressure and temperature conditions during dispersion are generally not critical, for example, normal pressure has proven to be suitable. As temperatures, for example, temperatures in the range of 10 ⁰ C to 100 ⁰ C have proven to be suitable.

The amount ratio of pigment to non-ionic surfactant can be chosen within wide limits, for example in the range from 10: 1 to 2: 1.

During the performance of step a) one can add water. Also you can enforce conventional non-ionic grinding aids.

The mean diameter (number average) of the pigments after step a) is usually in the range from 10 nm to 5 μm, preferably in the range from 50 nm to 3 μm.

When the pigment is carbon black, the average diameter (number average) of the primary particles may be, for example, in the range of 5 to 200 nm.

To determine the mean diameter, common methods are suitable, for example electron microspheres.

In step b), the dispersion of pigment in particulate form and nonionic surfactant with aqueous medium obtainable after step a) is mixed. For mixing, one can use any devices, for example stirred vessels or stirred flasks.

For the purposes of the present invention, aqueous media are understood as meaning those liquid media which contain water as an important component, for example at least 40% by weight, preferably at least 55% by weight. In step b), the weight ratio dispersion of pigment in particulate form and nonionic surfactant to aqueous medium is generally in the range of 1: 1.5 to 1: 15, preferably 1: 2.5 to 1: 9.

Pressure and temperature conditions for step b) are generally not critical, for example, temperatures in the range of 5 to 100 ⁰ C are suitable, preferably 20 to 85 ° C and pressures in the range of atmospheric pressure to 10 bar.

By mixing after step b), a mixture according to b) is obtained.

In step c), at least one first monomer is polymerized or copolymerized a first mixture of comonomer in the presence of a mixture according to b), wherein water-insoluble polymer or copolymer is formed on the surface of pigment in particulate form.

To carry out step c), at least one monomer or at least one mixture of comonomers is added to a mixture according to b). The addition can be done, for example, in one portion, in several portions or continuously. If one wishes to copolymerize at least one or more monomers with one another, one can first add one comonomer and then the second and optionally further comonomers. In another embodiment, all the comonomers are added in one portion.

Monomer or comonomers can be added in bulk or in aqueous dispersion.

As monomers or comonomers in step c) are selected such monomers or comonomers which are sparingly soluble in water. Under poorly water-soluble monomers or comonomers are understood to mean those monomers or comonomers whose solubility in water at 50 ° C 1 x 10 ^'1 mol / l or less.

Preferred examples of monomers or comonomers in step c) are vinylaromatic compounds and poorly water-soluble α, β-unsaturated carboxylic acid derivatives.

Preferably, at least one compound of general formula IV is chosen as the vinylaromatic compound,

in which R ⁷ and R ⁸ are each independently hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, R ^{9 is} methyl or ethyl and k is an integer from 0 to 2; Most preferably, R ⁷ and R ^{8 are} each hydrogen, and most preferably k = 0.

Preferably, a poorly water-soluble α, ß-unsaturated carboxylic acid derivative is a compound of general formula I,

where the variables are defined as follows:

R ¹ selected from straight or branched C _r C ₁₀ alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, iso -Pentyl, sec-pentyl, neo-pentyl, 1, 2-dimethylpropyl, iso-amyl, n-hexyl, iso-hexyl, sec-hexyl, n-butyl, n-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, n Nonyl, n-decyl; particularly preferably C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl; or hydrogen, very particularly preferably hydrogen and methyl;

R ² selected from unbranched or branched Ci-C ₁₀ alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, iso -Pentyl, sec-pentyl, neo-pentyl, 1, 2-dimethylpropyl, iso-amyl, n-hexyl, iso-hexyl, sec-hexyl, n-butyl, n-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, n Nonyl, n-decyl; particularly preferably C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl; or very particularly preferably hydrogen. R ³ selected from unbranched or branched C ₄ -C ₁₀ alkyl, such as n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, iso-pentyl, sec-pentyl, neo -Pentyl, 1, 2-dimethylpropyl, iso-amyl, n-hexyl, isohexyl, sec-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl; especially n-butyl and 2-ethylhexyl.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the ratio of pigment to amount of monomer or comonomers in step c) is in the range from 3: 1 to 1: 2, preferably in the range from 2: 1 to 1: 1, 5.

It is possible to use mixtures of the abovementioned monomers in step c). For example, mixtures of styrene and n-butyl acrylate are very well suited, the mixing ratio being arbitrary.

It is preferred to polymerize under the conditions of an emulsion polymerization. Very particular preference is given to using so-called "starved conditions", ie, little or preferably no wetting agent is added so that no measurable fractions of stabilized droplets of the first monomer or of the first mixture of comonomers are obtained, and the proportion of wetting agent is used Nets of the pigment surface and for the transport of the first monomer or first mixture

Comonomers through the continuous aqueous phase. Suitable wetting agents are, for example, organic sulfur compounds, for example alkyl sulfates, alkyl sulfonates, alkylarylsulfonates, alkyl ether sulfates, alkylaryl ether sulfates, sulfosuccinates, such as sulfosuccinic monoesters and sulfosuccinic diesters; furthermore, organic phosphorus compounds such as, for example, alkyl ether phosphates are suitable.

Usually, polymerization is carried out using at least one initiator. At least one initiator may be a peroxide. Examples of suitable peroxides are alkali metal peroxodisulfates, e.g. Sodium peroxodisulfate, ammonium peroxodisulfate, hydrogen peroxide, organic peroxides such as diacetyl peroxide, di-tert-butyl peroxide, diamyl peroxide, dioctanoyl peroxide, didecanoyl peroxide, dilauroyl peroxide, dibenzoyl peroxide, bis (o-toloyl) peroxide, succinyl peroxide, tert-butyl peracetate, tert. Butyl per-maleate, tert-butyl perisobutyrate, tert-butyl perpivalate, tert-butyl peroctoate, tert-butyl pleodecanoate, tert-butyl perbenzoate, tert-butyl peroxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, cumene hydroperoxide, tert-butyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate and diisopropyl peroxydicarbamate. Also suitable are azo compounds such as azobisisobutyronitrile, azobis (2-amidopropane) dihydrochloride and 2,2'-azobis (2-methylbutyronitrile).

Redox initiators are also suitable, for example from peroxides and oxidizable sulfur compound. Very particular preference is given to systems of acetone bisulfite and organic peroxide such as tert-C ₄ H ₉ -OOH, Na ₂ S ₂ O ₅ (sodium disulfite) and organic peroxide such as tert-C ₄ H ₉ -OOH or a combination of alkali metal salt of HO-CH ₂ SO ₂ H and organic peroxide such as tert-C ₄ H ₉ -OOH. Also, systems such as ascorbic acid / H ₂ O _{2 are} particularly preferred.

Temperatures in the range from 20 to 100.degree. C., preferably from 50 to 85.degree. C., can be chosen as the polymerization temperature. The selected temperature depends on the decay characteristic of the initiator used.

The pressure conditions are generally not critical, suitable, for example, pressures in the range of atmospheric pressure to 10 bar.

As a time period for step c), for example, 1 to 30 minutes have proven to be suitable, preferably 2 to 15 minutes.

Of course, one can add to the reaction mixture other additives that are common in emulsion polymerization, for example, glycols, polyethylene glycols, protective colloids, buffer / pH regulators, molecular weight regulators and chain transfer inhibitors.

Obtained after step c) with polymer or copolymer coated pigment in particulate form, which is obtained in the form of isolated particles. It is observed no measurable or very low levels of agglomerates, for example, less than 2 wt .-%, preferably less than 0.2 wt .-%.

The polymer or copolymer formed in step c) on the surface of the pigment in particulate form is water-insoluble.

In a further step, the dispersed pigments coated with polymer or copolymer according to c) can be isolated in particulate form by purification operations, for example filtration, decantation, washing and redispersed to perform step d). However, it is preferable to further process the dispersed polymer or copolymer-coated pigments obtainable in c) in particulate form in situ.

In step d), at least one second monomer or a second mixture of comonomers is added to the dispersion from step c) or the worked-up and redispersed coated pigments in particulate form and polymerized or copolymerized. In this context, in connection with the present invention, a second mixture of comonomers is also used in step d) if a monomer has been used in step c) and a mixture of two comonomers is added in step d). Likewise, in connection with the present invention, a second monomer is also used in step d) if a mixture of comonomers has been used in step c) and a monomer is added in step d).

If it is desired to add a second mixture of comonomers, add at least one comonomer other than the monomer or comonomers of step c).

In one embodiment of the present invention, in step c) a vinyl aromatic compound is used as the monomer and in step d) at least one monomer or comonomer which can swell polymer or copolymer from step c). By swelling it is meant that under normal conditions at least 5% by weight of monomer or comonomer can be physically incorporated into the polymer or copolymer from step c).

Very particular preference is given to adding at least one monomer or comonomer of the general formula II

where the variables are defined as follows:

R ^{4 is} selected from straight-chain or branched C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isobutyl, Pentyl, sec-pentyl, neo-pentyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl, iso-amyl, n-hexyl, iso-hexyl, sec-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl; particularly preferably C ₁ -C ₄ -Alk ^ such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl; or hydrogen;

very particular preference is given to hydrogen and methyl;

R ^{5 is} selected unbranched or branched C ₁ -C ₁₀ -alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, sec-pentyl, neo-pentyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl, iso-amyl, n-hexyl, iso-hexyl, sec-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, n-nonyl, n- decyl; particularly preferably C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl and tert.

butyl; or very particularly preferably hydrogen.

R ⁶ is selected from branched or unbranched C _r C ₁₀ alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, iso-

Pentyl, sec-pentyl, neo-pentyl, 1, 2-dimethylpropyl, iso-amyl, n-hexyl, iso-hexyl, sec-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl; particularly preferably C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl.

If it is desired to add a mixture of comonomers in step d), it is sufficient if at least one comonomer is different from the monomer or comonomer from step c). For example, it is possible to use styrene in step c) and in step d) to use a mixture of methyl acrylate and styrene.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the weight ratio of the second monomer or second mixture of comonomers from step d) to pigment from step a) is in the range from 0.1: 1 to 10: 1, preferably 0.5: 1 to 5: 1, more preferably 2: 1 to 4: 1.

Overall, one chooses the amount of monomers or comonomers from step c) and d) so that the ratio of polymer or copolymer to pigment in the range of 1: 1 to 5: 1, preferably in the range of 2: 1 to 4: 1 lies.

In step d), polymerization or copolymerization is preferably carried out under the conditions of an emulsion polymerization. It is customary to use at least one initiator, it being possible for the initiator (s) to be selected from the abovementioned ones.

It is possible to use at least one emulsifier which may be anionic, cationic or nonionic.

Common nonionic emulsifiers are, for example, ethoxylated mono-, di- and tri-alkylphenols (degree of ethoxylation: 3 to 50, alkyl radical: C ₄ -C ₁₂ ) and also ethoxylated fatty acids. alcohols (degree of ethoxylation: 3 to 80, alkyl radical: C ₈ -C ₃₆ ). Examples are the Lutensol ^® brands of BASF Aktiengesellschaft and the Triton ^® brands of Union Carbide.

Typical anionic emulsifiers are, for example, alkali metal and ammonium salts of alkyl sulfates (alkyl radical: C ₈ to C 1) ₁ of sulfuric monoesters of ethoxylated alkanols (degree of ethoxylation: 4 to 30, alkyl radical: C ₂ -C ₈ ) and ethoxylated alkylphenols (degree of ethoxylation: 3 to 50, alkyl radical: C ₄ -C ₂ ), of alkylsulfonic acids (alkyl radical: C ₂ -C ₈ ) and of alkylarylsulfonic acids (alkyl radical: C ₉ -C ₁₈ ) and of sulfosuccinates, such as, for example, sulfosuccinic mono- and diesters.

Suitable cationic emulsifiers are generally C ₆ -C ₁₈ -alkyl-, aralkyl- or heterocyclic radical-containing primary, secondary, tertiary or quaternary ammonium salts, alkanolammonium salts, pyridinium salts, imidazolinium salts, oxazolinium salts, morpholinium salts, thiazolinium salts and salts of amine oxides , Quinolinium salts, isoquinolinium salts, tropylium salts, sulfonium salts and phosphonium salts. Examples include dodecylammonium acetate or the corresponding hydrochloride, the chlorides or acetates of the various 2- (Λ /, Λ /, Λ / -trimethylammonium) ethylparaffinsäureester, Λ / -cetylpyridinium chloride, Λ / -Laurylpyridi- niumsulfat and Λ / -Cetyl- Λ /, Λ /, Λ / -trimethylammonium bromide, Λ / -dodecyl-Λ /, Λ /, Λ / -trimethylammoniumbromid, Λ /, Λ / -Distearyl-Λ /, Λ / -dimethylammoniumchlorid and the Gemini surfactant ^ Numerous other examples can be found in H. Stäche, Tensid-Taschenbuch, Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich, Vienna, 1981 and McCutcheon's, Emulsifiers & Detergents, MC Publishing Company, Glen Rock, 1989.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the amount of emulsifier is chosen such that the mass ratio between second monomer or second mixture of comonomers on the one hand and emulsifier on the other hand is greater than 1, preferably greater than 10 and particularly preferably greater than 20.

The order of addition of the reactants from step d) is not critical per se.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the initiator is added when a milky-looking emulsion has been produced by, for example, stirring.

Temperatures in the range from 20 to ^100.degree. C., preferably from 50 to 85.degree. C., can be chosen as the polymerization temperature. The selected temperature depends on the decay characteristic of the initiator used. The pressure conditions are generally not critical, suitable, for example, pressures in the range of atmospheric pressure to 10 bar.

The period of time for the polymerization or copolymerization in step d) can be chosen to be in the range from 30 minutes to 12 hours, preferably from 2 to 3 hours.

In one embodiment of the present invention, in step d) as comonomer up to 20 wt .-%, preferably 2 to 10 wt .-%, based on monomers or comonomers from step d), of at least one compound of the general formula V a to V b

, , V b

V a

in which the variables are defined as follows:

R ^{10 is} selected from unbranched or branched C 1 -C ₁₀ -alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl , sec-pentyl, neo-pentyl, 1, 2-dimethylpropyl, iso-amyl, n-hexyl, iso-hexyl, sec-hexyl, n-butyl, n-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, n-nonyl , n-decyl; particularly preferably C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl; or hydrogen;

very particular preference is given to hydrogen and methyl;

R ¹¹ selected from unbranched or branched Ci-Ci _O alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, iso -Pentyl, sec-pentyl, neo-pentyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl, iso-amyl, n-hexyl, iso-hexyl, sec-hexyl, n-butyl, n-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, n Nonyl, n-decyl; particularly preferably C _r C ₄ alkyl such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl; or very particularly preferably hydrogen. R ¹² is selected from straight or branched C ₁ -C ₁₀ alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n -Pentyl, iso-pentyl, sec-pentyl, neo-pentyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl, iso-amyl, n-hexyl, iso-hexyl, sec-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl , n-nonyl, n-decyl; particularly forthcoming Trains t C _r C ₄ alkyl such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-

Butyl and tert-butyl, or most preferably hydrogen.

X selected from - hydrogen,

Glycidyl - O

O

Groups with tertiary amino groups, for example NH (CH ₂ ) _b -N (CH ₃ ) ₂ , where b is an integer in the range from 2 to 6,

enolizable groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, for example acetoacetyl

in which

R ¹³ is selected from straight or branched C ₁ -C ₁₀ alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl iso-pentyl, sec-pentyl, neo-pentyl, 1, 2-dimethylpropyl, iso-amyl, n-hexyl, iso-hexyl, sec-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, n Nonyl, n-decyl; particularly preferably C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl.

Very particular preference in formula V a or V b R ^{10 is} selected from hydrogen and methyl and R ¹¹ and R ¹² are each hydrogen.

In a further embodiment of the present invention, comonomers can be used in step d): in each case 1 to 20, preferably up to 5 wt. (Meth) acrylonitrile, (meth) acrylamide, ureido (meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, 2- (N, N-dimethylamino) ethyl (meth) acrylate _> 3-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, 3 - (N ₁ N-dimethylamino) propyl (meth) acrylate, acrylamidopropanesulfonic acid, branched or unbranched, alkali metal salt and in particular sodium salt of vinylsulfonic acid.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the second mixture of comonomers is selected to range from 0.1 to 3% by weight, based on the amount of pigment in particulate form, of one or more unsaturated carboxylic acids of formula VI

In Formula VI, the variables are defined as above.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the second monomer or mixture of comonomers is selected such that in step d) a polymer or copolymer having a glass transition temperature T ₉ of about -25 ° C. or higher is prepared.

The process according to the invention is further characterized in that substrates to be colored are further contacted with

In this case, it is possible to contact substrates to be colored in succession, ie in at least two separate steps, or preferably simultaneously, ie in one step, with (A) and (B). If it is desired to contact substrates to be colored in succession with (A) and (B), it is possible, for example, to contact first the substrate to be colored with (A), then to remove unused (A) after a certain exposure time and then ( A) treated substrate to be colored contacted with (B). Thereafter, it is possible to thermally post-treat, for example, or to add at least one catalyst. It is also possible to contact the substrate to be colored first with (A), then remove unused (A) and then contact (A) treated substrate to be colored with (B) and at least one catalyst. It is also possible to contact the substrate to be colored first with (B) and at least one catalyst, then remove unused (B) and excess catalyst and then contact (B) treated substrate to be colored with (A). If it is desired to colorate substrate to be colored in one step with (A) and (B), it is possible, for example, to add (A) to the substrate to be colored and add it after a certain exposure time (B) and optionally catalyst. After that you can treat thermally. It is also possible to add (B) to the substrate to be colored and to add it after a certain exposure time (A) and, if appropriate, catalyst. After that you can treat thermally.

It is preferred that the substrate to be colored is added simultaneously to (A) and (B) and, if appropriate, catalyst or that simultaneously (A) and (B) and optionally catalyst are added to the substrate to be colored. Subsequently, one can thermally treat or add at least one catalyst.

In one embodiment of the present invention, (B) is selected from (B1) melamine derivatives, which may optionally be alkoxylated, alkoxyalkylated or reacted to halobamines,

(B2) hydrophilized isocyanurates, hydrophilic di- and polyisocyanates and capped isocyanates,

(B3) polyglycidyl ethers having 2 to 5 glycidyl groups per molecule, (B4) carbodiimides,

(B5) urea or urea derivatives, which may be converted into hemi-amines or amines.

Examples of melamine derivatives (B1) are, if appropriate, alkoxylated or alkoxyalkylated compounds or melamines, in particular of the general formula VII, which have been converted to hemiaminals

where the variables are defined as follows:

R ¹⁴ , R ¹⁶ , R ^{18 are} different or preferably identical and selected from CH ₂ -OH,

CH ₂ -OR ²⁰ or, most preferably, hydrogen,

R ¹⁵ , R ¹⁷ , R ^{19 are} identical or different selected from CH ₂ -OH, CH ₂ -OR ²⁰ or hydrogen, preferably at least one of the variables R ¹⁴ to R ^{19 is} not hydrogen,

R ²⁰ are the same or different and selected from

C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl, for example ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, isopropyl and, in particular, methyl,

(CH ₂ CH ₂ O) _m -H with m selected from integers in the range of 1 to 25.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, one selects those melamine derivatives of the general formula VII in which three to five of the variables R ¹⁴ to R ^{19 are} hydrogen and one to three of the variables R ¹⁴ to R ^{19 is selected} from CH ₂ -OR ²⁰ where m is an integer in the range of 1 to 3.

Melamine derivatives of general formula VII are known per se. Melamine derivatives of the formula VII are generally not pure according to a defined formula; Usually, intermolecular rearrangements, ie, trans-acetalization reactions and re-aminalization reactions, and also, to a degree, condensation reactions and cleavage reactions are observed. The formula VII given above is to be understood in the sense that it defines the stoichiometric ratios of the variables of the radicals R ¹⁴ to R ¹⁹ and also encompasses intermolecular rearrangement products and condensation products.

Examples of hydrophilized isocyanurates (B2) are, for example, the general formula VIII reacted with one to three equivalents of polyalkylene oxides such as polypropylene oxide or preferably polyethylene oxide reacted isocyanurates

in which the variables R ^{21 are} different or preferably identical and are, for example, (CH ₂ J _n -NCO, where n is an integer in the range from 2 to 20, preferably 4 to 12, very particularly preferably all variables R ^{21 are} identical and n stands for 6. Examples of hydrophilized di- and polyisocyanates and capped isocyanates (B2) are, for example, the compounds mentioned in EP-A 0 358 979, EP-A 1 024 184, EP-A 1 110 987, EP-A 0 728 786.

Examples of polyglycidyl ethers (B3) having 2 to 5 glycidyl groups per molecule, preferably 2 to 4 glycidyl groups per molecule, include, for example, pentaerythritol triglycidyl ethers and glycerol 1,3-diglycidyl ethers and mixtures of the abovementioned compounds.

Examples of carbodiimides (B4) are dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and the systems described in patent applications EP-A 1 002 001, DE-A 199 54 500 and DE-A 100 00 656.

Examples which may be mentioned of examples of urea or urea derivatives (B5) which may optionally be reacted with hemi-aminals or aminals are optionally: polyunsaturated, in particular mono- to tetraalkylated, in particular methylolated and alkoxyalkylolated, in particular methoxymethylolated urea compounds and their di- , Tri- and tetramers or oligomeric or polymeric, linear, branched or cyclic precondensates. Furthermore, alkylolated urea compounds are di- / tri-tetrameric or oligomeric or polymeric, linear or branched or cyclic addition / condensation products of urea and polyfunctional alkyl aldehydes, in particular glyoxal and their alkoxylated, in particular methoxylated compounds.

In one embodiment of the present invention, (A) and (B) are employed in a weight ratio of 100: 1 to 5: 1, preferably 40: 1 to 10: 1, more preferably 30: 1 to 15: 1.

Suitable catalysts are, for example: ammonium chloride, ZnCl ₂ , Zn (NO ₃ ) ₂ , in each case also in the form of their hydrates, NH ₄ Cl, and most preferably MgCl ₂ , for example in the form of its hexahydrate. It is possible, for example, to use from 0.001 to 1% by weight of catalyst, based on colorants, for example dye liquor for textile dyeing, ink for the ink-jet process or printing paste for pigment printing.

Thermal energy act to make, it can be for example such procedure is to be printed or kolorierendes substrate after contacting with (A) and (B) at temperatures from 120 ° C to 250 ⁰ C over a period of 5 seconds to 5 Thermally fixed for a few minutes. Suitable apparatuses are, for example, microwave ovens, plate pressing plants, with hot air blowers, electrically or with gas flames. heated drying ovens, heated rolling mills or continuously operated drying facilities.

In one embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to dry prior to exposure to the thermal energy, for example, mechanically by e.g. As wringing, or thermally, for example in microwave ovens, hot air blowers or in drying cabinets, especially vacuum ovens, where you can operate drying cabinets, for example, at temperatures in the range of 30 to 11O ⁰ C. In the context of vacuum drying ovens, vacuum can be understood as meaning a pressure, for example in the range from 0.1 to 850 mbar.

In one embodiment of the present invention, thermal drying can be accomplished by heating to temperatures in the range of 20 ^° C. to 150 ^° C., for example over a period of 10 seconds to 20 hours.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, (A) is used in admixture with polymer or copolymer which is derived from monomers or mixtures of comonomers from step d). The polymer or copolymer derived from monomers or mixtures of comonomers from step d) is preferably in the form of spherical particles. The particles thus characterized are also referred to below as pigment-free polymer particles.

In a preferred embodiment, the weight ratio (A) to pigment-free polymer particles is in the range from 10: 0.1 to 10: 20, preferably from 10: 0.5 to 10: 4.

In a preferred embodiment, the mean radii r (pigment-free polymer particles) are smaller than the average radii r (A), in each case based on the number average. The radii ratio r (A)

r (pigment-free polymer particles)

may for example be in the range of 1.2 to 10, preferably in the range of 1.5 to 5.

In another embodiment of the present invention, for carrying out the process (A) according to the invention in admixture with untreated pigment in particulate form or such pigment in particulate form, which is at least one surfactant, for example, zwitterionic, Anipnisch, cationic or not ionic nature, but without subsequent ßend the steps b) to d) to have performed. The amount ratio of the amount of pigment contained in (A) to untreated pigment or pigment in particulate form, which has been dispersed with at least one surface-active substance, which may be, for example, zwitterionic, anionic, cationic or nonionic in nature, may be 5: 1 to 1: 5, preferably 1: 1 to 1: 2.

Another object of the present invention are inks for the ink-jet process, containing

and still

Another object of the present invention is a process for the preparation of inks for the ink-jet process using at least one treated pigment (A) in particulate form and of at least one compound (B), which under the action of thermal energy or after Addition of catalyst for crosslinking is capable. Another object of the present invention are inks for the ink-jet process, prepared using at least one treated pigment (A) in particulate form and of at least one compound (B), which under the action of thermal energy or after addition of catalyst is capable of networking. For the preparation of inks according to the invention for the inkjet process, aqueous dispersions of treated pigment (A) in particulate form can be used as such and also from the treated according to the above described dispersions treated pigments (A) in particulate form. Ink-jet process inks of the invention can be produced particularly easily by diluting dispersions prepared as described above with, for example, water, with at least one compound (B) which crosslinks under the action of thermal energy or after addition of catalyst , and optionally mixed with aggregates.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, an ink for the ink jet process according to the invention contains in the range of 1 to 50 g / 100 ml, preferably 1, 5 to 15 g / 100 ml (A).

As additives, inks according to the invention for the ink-jet process may contain organic solvents. Low molecular weight polytetrahydrofuran is a preferred additive, it can be used alone or preferably in admixture with one or more hard-to-evaporate, water-soluble or water-miscible organic solvents.

The preferably used low molecular weight polytetrahydrofuran usually has an average molecular weight M _w of 150 to 500 g / mol, preferably from 200 to 300 g / mol and particularly preferably about 250 g / mol (corresponding to a molecular weight distribution).

Polytetrahydrofuran can be prepared in a known manner via cationic polymerization of tetrahydrofuran. This produces linear polytetramethylene glycols.

If polytetrahydrofuran is used in admixture with other organic solvents as an additive, this hard-evaporable (ie usually at normal pressure a boiling point> 100 ° C having) and thus possessing a water-retaining effect organic solvents are used which are soluble or soluble in water Water are miscible.

Suitable solvents are polyhydric alcohols, preferably unbranched and branched polyhydric alcohols having 2 to 8, in particular 3 to 6, carbon atoms, such as ethylene glycol, 1,2- and 1, 3-propylene glycol, glycerol, erythritol, pentaerythritol, pentitols such as arabitol, adonite and xylitol and hexitols such as sorbitol, mannitol and dulcitol.

Other suitable solvents are polyethylene and polypropylene glycols, which are to be understood as including the lower polymers (di-, tri- and tetramers), and their mono- (especially Ci-C ₆ -, especially CrC ₄ -) alkyl ether. Preference is given to polyethylene and polypropylene glycols having average molecular weights of from 100 to 1500 g / mol, in particular from 200 to 800 g / mol, especially from 300 to 500 g / mol. Examples which may be mentioned are di-, tri- and tetraethylene glycol, diethylene glycol monomethyl, -ethyl, -propyl and -butyl ethers, triethylene glycol monomethyl, -ethyl, -propyl and -butyl ethers, di-, tri- and tetra-1,2 - And -1,3-propylene glycol and di-, tri- and tetra-1, 2- and -1, 3-propylenglykolmonomethyl-, ethyl, propyl and butyl mentioned.

Also suitable as solvents are pyrrolidone and N-alkylpyrrolidones whose alkyl chain preferably contains 1 to 4, especially 1 to 2, carbon atoms. Examples of suitable alkylpyrrolidones are N-methylpyrrolidone, N-ethylpyrrolidone and N- (2-hydroxyethyl) pyrrolidone.

Examples of particularly preferred solvents are 1, 2 and 1, 3-propylene glycol, glycerol, sorbitol, diethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol (M _w 300 to 500 g / mol), diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, triethylene glycol monobutyl ether, pyrrolidone, N-methylpyrrolidone and N - (2-hydroxyethyl) pyrrolidone.

Polytetrahydrofuran may also be mixed with one or more (e.g., two, three or four) of the solvents listed above.

In one embodiment of the present invention, in particular the inks for the ink-jet process according to the invention may contain from 0.1 to 80% by weight, preferably from 5 to 60% by weight, more preferably from 10 to 50% by weight, and more particularly preferably 10 to 30 wt .-%, non-aqueous solvent.

The nonaqueous solvents as additives, in particular also the abovementioned particularly preferred solvent combinations, can advantageously be supplemented by urea (as a rule from 0.5 to 3% by weight, based on the weight of the ink for the inkjet process) , which enhances the water-retaining effect of the solvent mixture even more.

The inks for the ink-jet process according to the invention may contain other auxiliaries, as are customary in particular for aqueous ink-jet inks and in the printing and coating industry. Called z. B. Preservatives such as 1, 2-Benzisothiazolin-3-one (commercially available as Proxel brands from. Avecia Lim.) And its alkali metal salts, glutaric dialdehyde and / or Tetramethylolacetylendi- urea, Protectole®, antioxidants, degasser / defoamers such as Acetylenediols and ethoxylated acetylenediols, which usually contain from 20 to 40 mol of ethylene oxide per mole of acetylenediol and at the same time can also have a dispersing effect, viscosity regulators, leveling agents, wetting agents (for example wetting surfactants based on ethoxylated or propoxylated fatty acids). or oxoalkoxy propylene oxide / ethylene oxide block copolymers, ethoxylates of oleic acid or alkylphenols, alkylphenol ether sulfates, alkylpolyglycosides, alkylphosphonates, alkylphenylphosphonates, alkyl phosphates, alkylphenyl phosphates or preferably polyethersiloxane copolymers, in particular alkoxylated 2- (3-hydroxypropyl) heptamethyltrisiloxanes, which are generally a block of 7 to 20, preferably 7 to 12, ethylene oxide units and a block of 2 to 20, preferably 2 to 10 propylene oxide units and may be present in amounts of 0.05 to 1 wt .-% in the colorant preparations), anti-settling agents, Gloss improvers, lubricants, adhesion promoters, skin preventatives, matting agents, emulsifiers, stabilizers, water repellents, sunscreen additives, handle improvers, antistatic agents, bases such as triethanolamine or acids, especially carboxylic acids such as lactic acid or citric acid to control the pH. If these agents are part of colorant preparations according to the invention and in particular inventive inks for the ink-jet process, their total amount is generally up to 2% by weight, in particular up to 1% by weight, based on the weight of the inks according to the invention the inkjet process.

In one embodiment of the present invention have the inventive inks for the ink jet process having a dynamic viscosity of 2 to 80 mPa-s sawn vorzugt 3 to 20 mPa-s, measured at 20 ⁰ C.

The surface tension of inks according to the invention for the ink-jet process is generally from 24 to 70 mN / m, in particular from 25 to 60 mN / m, measured at 20 ^° C.

The pH of inks according to the invention for the ink-jet process is generally from 5 to 10, preferably from 6 to 9.

A further aspect of the present invention is a method for printing flat or three-dimensional substrates by the ink-jet method using the inks according to the invention for the ink-jet method. For this purpose, the I nk jet inks according to the invention are printed on the substrate and the resulting pressure is subsequently fixed.

In the ink-jet process, the usually aqueous inks are sprayed in small droplets directly onto the substrate. A distinction is made between a continuous process in which the ink is pressed uniformly through a nozzle and directed onto the substrate by an electric field, depending on the pattern to be printed, and an interrupted ink jet or "drop-on-demand". Method in which ink ejection occurs only where a colored dot is to be set. In the latter method is either a piezoelectric crystal or a heated cannula (bubble or thermo-jet method) exerted pressure on the ink system and so thrown out an ink drop. Such procedures are in text. Chem. Color, Vol. 19 (8), pp. 23-29, 1987, and Vol. 21 (6) pp. 27-32, 1989.

Particularly suitable are the inks according to the invention for the bubble jet process and for the process by means of a piezoelectric crystal.

Suitable substrate materials are, for example:

cellulose-containing materials such as paper, cardboard, cardboard, wood and wood-based materials, which may also be painted or otherwise coated,

metallic materials such as foils, sheets or workpieces of aluminum, iron, copper, silver, gold, zinc or alloys of these metals which may be painted or otherwise coated,

silicate materials such as glass, porcelain and ceramics that may be coated

polymeric materials of all types such as polystyrene, polyamides, polyesters, polyethylene, polypropylene, melamine resins, polyacrylates, polyacrylonitrile, polyurethanes, polycarbonates, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl acetates, polyvinylpyrrolidones and corresponding copolymers and block copolymers, biodegradable polymers and natural polymers such as gelatin,

Leather, both natural leather and synthetic leather, as smooth, nappa or suede leather,

Food and cosmetics,

and particularly

textile substrates such as fibers, yarns, threads, knits, woven fabrics, non-wovens and made-up articles of polyester, modified polyester, polyester blends, cellulosic materials such as cotton, blended cotton, jute, flax, hemp and ramie, viscose, wool, silk, polyamide, Polyamide blends, polyacrylonitrile, triacetate, acetate, polycarbonate, polypropylene, polyvinylchloride, polyester microfibers and glass fiber fabrics, as well as elastane blends.

After the actual printing is fixed, for example, by the application of thermal energy or by adding at least one catalyst sator. Fixing can also be effected by printing at least one catalyst with the ink and then activating the catalyst by, for example, heating.

The inks for the ink-jet process according to the invention show overall advantageous application properties, above all good writing behavior and good continuous writing behavior (kogation), and, in particular when using the particularly preferred solvent combination, good drying behavior, and result in high-quality printed images, i. high brilliance and color depth as well as high abrasion, light, water and wet rub fastness. They are particularly suitable for printing on coated and uncoated paper and textile.

A further embodiment of the present invention are substrates, in particular textile substrates, which have been printed by one of the abovementioned methods according to the invention and are distinguished by particularly sharply printed images or drawings and by an excellent grip.

According to a further embodiment of the present invention, at least two, preferably at least three, different inks according to the invention for the ink-jet process can be combined to form sets, wherein different inks according to the invention each contain different treated pigments (A) each having a different color.

A further embodiment of the present invention is a process for the colouration of flexible substrates and in particular textile, for example by dyeing or printing with the aid of one or more printing pastes for pigment printing, characterized in that textile to be colored is coated with (A) and (B ), for example in the form of a dyeing liquor for textile dyeing or in the form of a printing paste for pigment printing. Another object of the present invention düng are colored textile substrates, obtainable by a method according to the invention for the coloration of textile substrates.

Another object of the present invention are dyeing liquors for textile dyeing, containing

a) dispersing at least one pigment in particulate form with at least one nonionic surfactant, b) mixing the thus obtainable dispersion of pigment in particulate form and non-ionic surfactant with aqueous medium, c) polymerizing at least one first monomer or copolymerizing a first mixture of comonomers in the presence of a mixture according to b), wherein water-insoluble polymer or Copolymer is formed on the surface of pigment in particulate form, d) addition of at least one second monomer or a second mixture of comonomers and polymerization or copolymerization,

Farther

Another object of the present invention are printing pastes for pigment printing, containing

a) dispersing at least one pigment in particulate form with at least one nonionic surfactant, b) mixing the thus obtainable dispersion of pigment in particulate form and nonionic surfactant with aqueous medium, c) polymerizing at least one first monomer or copolymerization a first mixture of comonomers in the presence of a mixture according to b), wherein water-insoluble polymer or copolymer is formed on the surface of pigment in particulate form, d) adding at least one second monomer or a second mixture of comonomers and polymerization or copolymerization,

Farther

According to the invention, a dyeing liquor for pigment dyeing or a printing paste for pigment printing, especially textile pigment printing, is prepared from the dispersions described above. The subject of the present invention is thus furthermore a process for the production of dyeing liquors for the pigment dyeing and for the production of printing pastes for the pigment printing as well as the dyeing liquors and printing pastes according to the invention, also called in the following production process according to the invention. Coloring liquors or printing pastes for pigment printing according to the invention also contain at least one compound (B) which is capable of crosslinking under the action of thermal energy or after addition of catalyst. Inventive dyeing liquors or printing pastes for pigment printing may further contain one or more catalysts.

The preparation process according to the invention consists in mixing at least one (A) with (B) and optionally with auxiliaries needed for the dyeing or printing process and adjusting the colorant content by dilution with water.

The water used to carry out the production process according to the invention need not be completely desalted. The rule is that partially desalinated water or very soft water is used. If insufficiently soft water is available, complexing agents (water softeners) are usually used to reduce the water hardness. In general, compounds are useful as water softeners in the pigment staining process, which mask Ca ²⁺ and Mg ²⁺ ions. Particularly suitable water softeners are, for example, nitrilotriacetic acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, hydroxyethylethylenediaminetriacetic acid or methylglycinediacetic acid. The amount of water added for the preparation of the dyeing liquor depends on the color depth to be achieved on the textile on the one hand and the amount of dyeing liquor to be applied by means of suitable equipment, for example by means of padding on textile on the other side.

Furthermore, inventive dyeing liquors may contain additives. Preferred additives are organic solvents in concentrations of 0 to 10 wt .-%, preferably 0.1 to 5 wt .-%. Suitable solvents are, for example, polyethylene glycols and monoetherified alkylene glycol or monoetherified polyethylene glycols such as, for example, diethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether.

Furthermore, dyeing liquors according to the invention may contain as auxiliary one or more wetting agents, preferably low-foaming wetting agents, since the quality of the dyeing can be impaired by the formation of unregalities in the dyeing process foaming usually occurring during the dyeing process. Examples of wetting agents used are: ethoxylation and / or propoxylation products of fatty alcohols or propylene oxide / ethylene oxide block copolymers, ethoxylated or propoxylated fatty or oxo alcohols, furthermore ethoxylates of oleic acid or alkylphenols, Alkylphenolethersulfate, alkylpolyglycosides, alkylphosphonates, Alkylphenylphosphona- te, alkyl phosphates, or Alkylphenylphosphate.

Dry textile fabrics or knits, such as those used in continuous pigment dyeing, contain a large amount of air. If it is desired to dye dry textile fabrics, the use of deaerators is advantageous in the dyeing process according to the invention. These are based, for example, on polyethersiloxane copolymers or on phosphoric acid esters. They may be present in quantities of from 0.01 to 2 g / l in the dyeing liquors of the invention.

Furthermore, it is possible to add one or more handle improvers according to the invention as auxiliaries. These are usually polysiloxanes or waxes based on polyethylene or polyethylene glycol. Polysiloxanes have the advantage of permanence, while some waxes can be washed out slowly during use. In one embodiment of the present invention, however, one can dispense with the addition of handle improvers.

Furthermore, it is possible to add one or more antimigration agents as auxiliaries according to the invention. Examples of suitable antimigration agents are copolymers of acrylic acid with acrylic acid amide. The molar proportion of acrylic acid can be between 20 and 80%; the acylic acid amide portion is then complementary to 100. Other suitable anti-migration agents are, for example, random copolymers or block copolymers of ethylene oxide with propylene oxide. The molar fraction of ethylene oxide may be between 20 and 80%; the proportion of propylene oxide is then complementary to 100.

In one embodiment of the present invention, dyeing liquors according to the invention have a weakly acidic pH, preferably in the range from 4 to 6.5.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the dynamic viscosity of the dyeing liquors according to the invention is in the range of less than 100 mPa.s, measured at 20 ^° C. The surface tensions of the dyeing liquors according to the invention are to be adjusted so that wetting of the goods is possible. Accessible Surface tensions of less than 50 mN / m as measured at 2O ⁰ C.

Another aspect of the present invention is a process for the preparation of the dye liquors of the invention. The production process according to the invention usually comprises mixing at least one pigment treated according to the invention in particulate form with one or more additives listed above, such as solvents, defoamers, handle improvers, emulsifiers and / or biocides and fill with water. The process usually involves stirring the components in a mixing vessel, the size and shape of the mixing vessel being uncritical. Preferably, the stirring is followed by a clarification filtration.

A further aspect of the present invention is a process for dyeing textile substrates using the dyeing liquors according to the invention described above. The process can be carried out in common machines. Preferred are foulards, which contain as an essential element two superimposed rollers through which the textile is guided. Above the rollers, the liquid is filled in and wets the textile. The pressure squeezes off the textile and ensures a constant application.

In a further embodiment, the textile is guided over a deflection roller through a trough with the dyeing liquor. Subsequently, excess liquor is pressed off via a pair of rollers, which is mounted above the liquor, thus ensuring a constant application.

The actual dyeing step is usually followed by a thermal drying and fixing, preferably drying at temperatures of 70 to 120 ° C over a period of 30 seconds to 3 minutes and then fixed at temperatures of 150 ⁰ C to 200 ⁰ C over a period from 30 seconds to 5 minutes.

Preference is given to a process for pigment dyeing after the padding process. Colored, in particular printed and / or colored, substrates colored in accordance with the invention are distinguished by particular brilliance of the colors combined with outstanding handling of the printed or dyed substrates. Another aspect of the present invention are therefore substrates colored according to the method described above using the dyeing liquors according to the invention.

If it is desired to prepare printing pastes according to the invention, it is possible according to the invention to incorporate at least one treated pigment (A) in particulate form into a printing paste. Advantageously, the printing paste according to the invention for pigment printing from at least one treated pigment (A) in particulate form by mixing with common in the printing process aids and subsequent adjustment of the colorant content by dilution with water ago.

Common tools are known from Ullmann, Handbook of Industrial Chemistry and Process Engineering, see for example Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 5th edition, keyword: Textile Auxiliaries, Vol. A26, p. 286 ff. And 296 ff., Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, Deerfield / Florida, Basel; 1996. Thickeners, fixers, handle improvers and emulsifiers are mentioned by way of example as common auxiliaries:

As thickener, natural or synthetic thickeners can be used. Preference is given to the use of synthetic thickeners, for example of generally liquid solutions of synthetic polymers in, for example, white oil or as aqueous solutions. The polymers contain acid groups that are completely or partially neutralized with ammonia. During the fixation process, ammonia is liberated, which lowers the pH and starts the actual fixation process. The lowering of the pH required for the fixation may alternatively be accomplished by the addition of non-volatile acids, e.g. Citric acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid or malic acid take place.

The finished paste according to the invention may contain from 30 to 70% by weight of white oil. Aqueous thickeners usually contain up to 25% by weight of polymer. If it is desired to use aqueous formulations of a thickener, aqueous ammonia is generally added. The use of granular, solid formulations of a thickener are also conceivable in order to be able to produce emission-free pigment prints.

Printing pastes according to the invention may further comprise handle improvers, which are usually selected from silicones, in particular polydimethylsiloxanes, and fatty acid esters. Examples of commercially available handle improvers which can be added to the printing pastes according to the invention are Acramin® softener Sl (Bayer AG), Luprimol SIG® and Luprimol CW® (BASF Aktiengesellschaft).

One or more emulsifiers may be added as further additives according to the invention, especially when the pastes contain white oil-containing thickeners and are obtained as an oil-in-water emulsion. Examples of suitable emulsifiers are aryl- or alkyl-substituted polyglycol ethers. Commercially available examples of suitable emulsifiers are emulsifier W® (Bayer), Luprintol PE New® and Luprintol MP® (BASF Aktiengesellschaft.

Bronsted acids can be added as further additives, the use of which is particularly preferred for pastes on a non-aqueous basis. Preference is given to ammonium salts of inorganic acids, for example diammonium hydrogen phosphate.

Pigment printing using at least one pigment treated according to the invention in particulate form can be carried out by various methods which are known per se. Usually a stencil is used to press the print paste with a squeegee. This procedure is one of the screening printing process. Subsequently, thermal energy is allowed to act or at least one catalyst is added. The pigment printing method according to the invention using the printing pastes according to the invention provides printed substrates with particularly high brilliance and depth of color of the prints with at the same time excellent grip of the printed substrates. The present invention therefore substrates printed by the method according to the invention using the printing pastes according to the invention.

A further embodiment of the present invention are substrates, in particular textile substrates, which have been colored according to one of the abovementioned processes according to the invention and which are distinguished by particularly sharply printed images or drawings and by excellent gripping.

General preliminary remarks

NC ₁₈ H ₃₇ - (OCH ₂ CH ₂ ) ₂₅ -OH is n-octadecanol ethoxylated with ethylene oxide and prepared according to the following procedure:

242 g of n-octadecanol and 0.1 mol KOH flakes were dewatered at a temperature of 100 ⁰ C and a pressure of 1 mbar in a period of 2 hours in an autoclave, then expanded with nitrogen and purged 3 times with nitrogen and then on 130 ⁰ C heated in an autoclave. After reaching the temperature 1100 g of ethylene oxide were metered in continuously within 3 h 20 min at a pressure of up to 6.1 bar. After complete addition, it was allowed to react until pressure consistency was reached. It was then cooled to 100 ⁰ C and degassed in an autoclave at 1 mbar for 60 min and the reaction product was filled at 70 ° C. The yield was 1337 g.

The glass transition temperature was determined using a DSC822 (TA8200 series) from Mettler-Toledo with a TSO 801 RO autosampler. The DSC device was equipped with a temperature sensor FSR5. It was worked according to DIN 53765.

I. Preparation of treated pigments I. 1a) Dispersion of a pigment with a nonionic surfactant I 1a) Blue pigment

In a stirred ball mill of the type Drais Superflow DCP SF 12 were ground together: 1800 g of Pigment Blue 15: 3

450 g of HC ₁₈ H ₃₇ O (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₂₅ H

24 g glutaric dialdehyde

30 g of tetramethylolacetylenediurea 3696 g of distilled water

The milling was continued until the pigment particles had an average diameter of 130 nm. Dispersion I 1a) was obtained from pigment particles and nonionic surfactant.

I. 2a) Dispersion of a black pigment with a non-ionic surfactant

In a stirred ball mill of the type Drais Superflow DCP SF 12, the following were milled together:

1800g Pigment Black 7

450 g of C ₁₈ H ₃₇ O (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₂₅ H

3696 g of distilled water

The milling was continued until the pigment particles had a mean diameter of 150 nm (number average). Dispersion I. 2a) was obtained from pigment particles and nonionic surfactant.

I. 3a) Dispersion of a red pigment with a non-ionic surfactant

1800 g Pigment Red 146

450 g of C ₁₈ H ₃₇ O (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₂₅ H 24 g of glutaric dialdehyde

30 g of tetramethylolacetylenediurea 3696 g of distilled water

The milling was continued until the pigment particles had an average diameter of 130 nm. Dispersion I 3a) was obtained from pigment particles and nonionic surfactant. I. 4a) Dispersion of a yellow pigment with a non-ionic surface-active substance

1800 g of Pigment Yellow 138 450 g 11-C ₁₈ H ₃₇ O (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₂₅ H

24 g glutaric dialdehyde

30 g of tetramethylolacetylenediurea

3696 g of distilled water

The milling was continued until the pigment particles had an average diameter of 130 nm. Dispersion I 4a) was obtained from pigment particles and nonionic surfactant.

I b) mixing with water I. 1b) mixing I 1a) with water

In a 1 liter kettle with stirrer, nitrogen inlet and three metering devices, 39.3 g of the dispersion from I. 1a) were dispersed with 59.2 g of demineralized water with stirring. 2.1 g of C ₁₂ H ₂₅ (OC ₂ H ₄₎ OSO ₃ Na (28% by weight, with a = 2.5) as an aqueous solution and 8.85 g of styrene were added and formic acid was added pH of 6.2.

This gave mixture I 1b) of pigment in particulate form with aqueous medium.

I. 2b) mixing I 2a) with water

In a 1 liter vessel with stirrer, nitrogen inlet and three metering devices, 39.3 g of the dispersion I 2a) were dispersed with 59.2 g of demineralized water with stirring. 2.1 g of C ₁₂ H ₂₅ (OC ₂ H ₄ O ₎ OSO ₃ Na (28% by weight, with a = 2.5) as an aqueous solution and 8.85 g of styrene were added and formic acid was added to give Value of 6.2.

This gave mixture I 2b) of pigment in particulate form with aqueous medium.

I. 3b) mixing I 3a) with water In a 1 l kettle with stirrer, nitrogen inlet and three metering devices, 640 g of the dispersion from I. 3a) were dispersed with 650 g of deionized water with stirring. 17.1 g of 28% by weight of sodium lauryl sulfate as an aqueous solution and 48 g of styrene were added.

This gave mixture I 3b) of pigment in particulate form with aqueous medium I. 4b) mixing I 4a) with water

In an 11-kettle with stirrer, nitrogen inlet and three metering devices, 640 g of the dispersion from I. 4a) were dispersed with 650 g of deionized water with stirring. 17.1 g of 28% by weight of sodium lauryl sulfate as an aqueous solution and 48 g of styrene were added.

This gave mixture I 4b) of pigment in particulate form with aqueous medium

I c) polymerization I 1c) polymerization of I 1b)

The mixture from step I. 1b) was passed over a period of 1 hour nitrogen. Subsequently, the dispersion was heated to 85 ° C. Thereafter, 0.3 g of tert-butyl hydroperoxide (10% by weight in water) and 0.3 g of HOCH ₂ SO ₂ Na were added.

The formation of a water-insoluble polymer on the pigment in particulate form is observed.

I 2c) Polymerization of I 2b)

I 3c) polymerization of I 3b)

The mixture from step I. 3b) was passed over a period of 1 hour nitrogen. Subsequently, the dispersion was heated to 85 ° C. Thereafter, 0.7 g of tert-butyl hydroperoxide (70% by weight in water) and 0.48 g of HOCH ₂ SO ₂ Na were added.

The formation of a water-insoluble polymer on the pigment in particulate form is observed. I 4c) polymerization of I 4b)

Nitrogen was passed through the mixture from step I. 4b) over a period of 1 hour. Subsequently, the dispersion was heated to 85 ° C. Thereafter, 0.7 g of tert-butyl hydroperoxide (70% by weight in water) and 0.48 g of HOCH ₂ SO ₂ Na were added.

I d) adding an emulsion of comonomers and further copolymerization

I. 1d) Adding an emulsion of comonomers and further copolymerizing to I.

1c)

15 minutes after addition of tert-butyl hydroperoxide and H ₂ SO ₂ Na according to step

I. 1c), a mixture was added over a period of 60 minutes, which was composed as follows:

100g demineralized water

13.4 g 28% by weight aqueous solution of C ₁₂ H ₂₅ (OCH ₂ CH ₂ ) _a OSO ₃ Na with a = 3

6.6 g 56.5% by weight aqueous solution of sodium (di-2-ethylhexylsuccinate) sulfonate (sodium salt of sulfosuccinic di-2-ethylhexyl ester)

2.5 g of acrylic acid

7.5 g 15% by weight aqueous solution of N-methylol-methacrylamide

150 g of n-butyl acrylate

90 g of styrene

At the same time, the addition of a solution of 1.25 g of Na ₂ S ₂ O ₈ in 60 g of water was begun and the addition was carried out over a period of 105 minutes.

During the addition, the temperature was maintained at 85 ° C.

After completion of the addition was stirred for 30 minutes at 85 ° C and then for deodorization simultaneously a solution of 1, 1g tert-butyl hydroperoxide (70% in water) in 15 g of deionized water and a solution of 0.7g HOCH ₂ SO ₂ Na in 15g deionized water over a period of 90 minutes added.

It was then cooled to room temperature and adjusted to pH 7 with 25% by weight aqueous ammonia. Subsequently, the dispersion thus obtained was filtered through a 120-μm mesh and then through a 15-μm mesh. The solids content of the dispersion D.1.1 was 37.8% by weight. The particle diameter distribution was with Help of a device Autosizer HC of the company Malvern to ISO 13321 determined and yielded a maximum at 137nm.

An aqueous dispersion D.1.1 of treated pigment in particulate form was obtained.

Data for the preparation of further dispersions are summarized in Table 1.

1 15d) addition of an emulsion of comonomers and further copolymerization to 1 2c)

15 minutes after addition of tert-butyl hydroperoxide and H ₂ SO ₂ Na in step I. 2c), a mixture was added over a period of 60 minutes, composed as follows: 42.4 g of demineralized water

16 g C ₂ H ₂₅ (OC ₂ H ₄₎ _a OSO ₃ Na (28 wt .-%. With a = 2.5), 0.8 g acrylic acid

10 g of N-methylolmethacrylamide (15% in water) 30 g of n-butyl acrylate 17.75 g of styrene

At the same time the addition of 11, 25 g of tert-butyl hydroperoxide (10% in water) and 10.1 g of HOCH ₂ SO ₂ Na (10 wt .-% in water) was started in a further 1, 1 g of deionized water and the addition was made over a period of 120 minutes. During the addition, the temperature was maintained at 85 ° C.

After completion of the addition was stirred at 85 ° C for a further 30 minutes. Then 11.1 g of tert-butyl hydroperoxide (10% in water) and 10.1 g of H ₂ SO ₂ Na (10% by weight in water) in 1.1 g of demineralized water were added. and the addition was made over a period of 90 minutes. During the addition, the temperature was maintained at 85 ° C. Thereafter, it was cooled to room temperature. Subsequently, the dispersion thus obtained was filtered through a 125 μm mesh.

Aqueous dispersion D.2.1 of treated pigment in particulate form was obtained.

The solids content of D.2.1 was 29.6%. The particle diameter distribution was determined using an Autosizer HC device from Malvern according to ISO 13321 and gave maxima at 127 and 444 nm. I 17d) addition of an emulsion of comonomers and further copolymerization to I 3c)

10 minutes after the addition of tert-butyl hydroperoxide and H ₂ SO ₂ Na according to step I. 3c), a mixture was added over a period of 120 minutes, which was composed as follows:

500g demineralized water

80 g 30% by weight aqueous solution of C ₁₂ H ₂₅ (OCH ₂ CH ₂ ) _a OSO ₃ Na with a = 3

53.3 g of 45% by weight aqueous solution of sodium (di-2-ethylhexylsuccinate) sulfonate (sodium salt of sulfosuccinic di-2-ethylhexyl ester)

16 g of acrylic acid

68.6 g 35% by weight aqueous solution of N-methylol-acrylamide

400 g of n-butyl acrylate

80 g of styrene 280 g of ethyl acrylate

At the same time the addition of 26.3 g of tert-butyl hydroperoxide (70 wt .-% in water) was started in another 150 g of deionized water and 16 g of H ₂ SO ₂ Na in 160 g of deionized water, and the addition was over a Period of 180 minutes. During the addition the temperature at 85 ⁰ C was maintained.

After completion of the addition was stirred at 85 ° C for a further 30 minutes.

It was then cooled to room temperature and adjusted to a pH of 7.5 with 25 wt .-% aqueous ammonia. Subsequently, the dispersion thus obtained was filtered through a 150-μm mesh. Aqueous dispersion D.3.1 was obtained. The solids content of D.3.1 was 35.7% by weight. The particle diameter distribution was determined using an Autosizer MC from Malvern to ISO 13321 and gave a maximum at 130 nm.

I. 18d) addition of an emulsion of comonomers and further copolymerization to I 4c)

10 minutes after the addition of tert-butyl hydroperoxide and H ₂ SO ₂ Na according to step I. 4c), a mixture was added over a period of 120 minutes, which was composed as follows:

500 g of demineralized water

80 g 30% by weight aqueous solution of C ₁₂ H ₂₅ (OCH ₂ CH ₂ ) _a OSO ₃ Na with a = 3 53.3 g 45% by weight aqueous solution of sodium (di-2-ethylhexyl succinate) sulfonate (sodium salt of sulfosuccinic di-2-ethylhexyl ester) 16 g of acrylic acid

68.6 g 35% by weight aqueous solution of N-methylol acrylamide 400 g n-butyl acrylate 80 g styrene 280 g ethyl acrylate

At the same time the addition of 26.3 g of tert-butyl hydroperoxide (70 wt .-% in water) was started in another 150 g of deionized water and 16 g of H ₂ SO ₂ Na in 160 g of deionized water, and the addition was over a period of 180 minutes. During the addition, the temperature was maintained at 85 ° C.

It was then cooled to room temperature and adjusted to a pH of 7.5 with 25 wt .-% aqueous ammonia. Subsequently, the dispersion thus obtained was filtered through a 150 .mu.m network. Aqueous dispersion D.4.1 was obtained. The solids content of D.4.1 was 36.3% by weight. The particle diameter distribution was determined using an Autosizer MC from Malvern according to ISO 13321 and found a maximum at 109.

Table 1: Dispersions of treated pigments (Disp.) And comonomer mixtures from steps I. 1d) to I. 18d), numerical values correspond to% by weight, if not expressly stated otherwise, based on the total amount in step d) used comonomers (total in each case: 243.6 g)

-C-.

Table 1: (continued)

Abbreviations used: BA: n-butyl acrylate, EHA: 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, EA: ethyl acrylate, MMA: methyl methacrylate, S: styrene, AN: acrylonitrile, MAMoI: N-methylolmethacrylamide, AMoI: N-methylolacrylamide, GMA: glycidyl methacrylate, BMA acac : 1,4-butanediol monoacrylate acetylacetate, HPA: 3-hydroxypropyl acrylate, HEA: 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, AM: acrylamide, MAM: methacrylamide, AS: acrylic acid, MAS: methacrylic acid.

II. Preparation of inventive dyeing liquors and dyeing according to the invention

Working instructions for the preparation and processing of dyeing liquors according to the invention (padding method, Examples 11.1 to II.7):

A dyeing liquor was prepared by stirring the substances according to Table 2 in 90 wt .-% of the indicated amount of water and then adjusted with residual water to the desired solids content. All quantities are given in g / kg padding liquor.

With the dyeing liquor thus obtained, cotton seed was impregnated on a padder (manufacturer Matthese, No. HVF12085). The liquor pick-up was 70% at a speed of 2 m / min. Immediately after padding was dried on a dryer (mat-this dryer-damper type DHE-36582) at 110 ° C for 50 sec. Then was fixed on a fixing unit (dryer Matthis fixer type LTF89584) 45 s at 180 ⁰ C.

The rubbing fastness was determined in accordance with ISO 105-X12. The evaluation according to gray scale (ISO 105-A02).

Table 2: Inventive dyeing liquors and results of the dyeing tests

Abbreviations: Auxiliary 1: block copolymer (EO) ₂₉ (PO) ₄₂ , EO: ethylene oxide, PO: propylene oxide Auxiliary 2: C ₁₈ H ₃₇ O (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₂₅ H

VII.1 (B1.1): 80% by weight solution of in water / ethylene glycol (mass fraction: 4: 1).

VIII.2 (B2.1): 70% by weight solution of a reaction product of

with propylene glycol in propylene glycol,

III. Production of pigment printing pastes according to the invention and printing tests

General procedure for the preparation of pigment printing paste according to the invention, comparative pigment printing paste, and printing tests (Examples V-III.1 and III.2):

It was introduced 90 wt .-% of the necessary amount of water according to Table 3 and 48 g of a synthetic thickener (polyacrylic acid with M _w 200,000 g, quantitatively neutralized with ammonia), stirred with a high-speed stirrer. It was allowed to swell and then gave 5 g / kg of auxiliary 2 to, aqueous dispersion D.1.14 and optionally compound VIII.1 with vigorous stirring. The pigment printing paste III.2 according to the invention or comparative pigment printing paste V-III.1 was obtained. After homogenization, the pigment printing paste III.2 or comparative pigment printing paste V-III.1 was printed on cotton by means of a rotary doctor blade (diameter 8 mm, draw 7) through a screen printing stencil (120 mesh). The pressure thus obtained was then dried at 110 ⁰ C for 60 s and then fixed at 150 ⁰ C for 5 min. Table 3: Pigment pastes, their composition and properties, as well as results of the printing tests

Quantities in g / kg each refer to pigment printing paste.

General working procedure for determining the authenticity in the rub-brush laundry:

An aqueous wash solution was prepared containing 5 g / l Verna needle soap according to Iso 105-C03 and 3 g / l anhydrous sodium carbonate. In the washing solution described above, a dyed or printed fabric ("specimen", length 25 cm, width 4 cm) was treated at boiling temperature for 30 minutes The specimen was taken out of the washing solution, clamped on a solid base at the ends and filled with 100 ml of the washing solution The test piece was removed and washed twice with cold (15 ° C.) demineralized water and then under running, cold (15 ° C.) water The test specimen treated in this way was spun off and dry-ironed and the color changed according to the gray scale (ISO 105-A02.

Claims

claims

1. A process for printing or colorizing substrates, characterized in that one contacted to be printed or colored substrates with

a) dispersing at least one pigment in particulate form with at least one nonionic surfactant, b) mixing the thus obtainable dispersion of pigment in particulate form and nonionic surfactant with aqueous medium, c) polymerizing at least one first monomer or copolymer - tion of a first mixture of comonomers in the presence of a

Mixture according to b), wherein water-insoluble polymer or copolymer is formed on the surface of pigment in particulate form, d) adding at least one second monomer or a second mixture of comonomers and polymerization or copolymerization tion

and continue with

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step d), a polymer or copolymer having a glass transition temperature T ₉ of about -25 ° C or higher is prepared.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that (B) is selected from

(B1) melamine derivatives which may optionally be alkoxylated, alkoxyalkylated or converted into hemiaminals,

(B2) hydrophilized isocyanurates,

(B3) polyglycidyl ethers having 2 to 5 glycidyl groups per molecule,

(B4) carbodiimides,

(B5) urea or urea derivatives, which may be converted to hemi-amines or aminals if necessary.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it is pigments in particulate form are organic pigments.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it is the first monomer in step c) is a vinyl aromatic compound or a compound of general formula I.

where in formula I the variables are defined as follows: R ¹ selected from hydrogen, unbranched or branched C ¹ -C 10 -alkyl, R ² selected from hydrogen, unbranched or branched C ¹ -C 10 -alkyl, R ³ selected from unbranched or branched C ₄ -C _O alkyl.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it is the mixture of at least one vinyl aromatic compound and at least one compound of general formula I in the first mixture of comonomers.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that in a compound of the general formula IR ¹ and R ² are selected to be hydrogen.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that a monomer of the general formula II is added as the second monomer,

where the variables in formula II are defined as follows:

R ⁴ selected from hydrogen, unbranched or branched C ₁ -C ₁₀ -AlkVl, R ⁵ selected from hydrogen, unbranched or branched C _r C ₁₀ alkyl, R ⁶ selected from unbranched or branched CrC ₁₀ alkyl.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the second mixture of comonomers contains at least one monomer of the general formula II.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that in a compound of the general formula Il R ⁴ is hydrogen or methyl and R ⁵ is selected to be hydrogen.

11. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 19, characterized in that in the second mixture of comonomers at least one comonomer selected from vinyl aromatic compound and a compound of general formula I is included.

12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that in step d) up to 20 wt .-%, based on the second mixture of comonomers, of at least one compound of formula V a or V b

Vb V a

are contained, where the variables are defined as follows:

R ¹⁰ to R ^{12 are} identical or different and are selected from hydrogen and branched or unbranched C ₁ -C ₀ -alkyl, X is selected from hydrogen, glycidyl, protonatable groups having tertiary amino groups and enolizable groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.

13. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that it is an ink-jet method.

14. Inks for the ink jet process, containing

a) dispersing at least one pigment in particulate form with at least one nonionic surfactant, b) mixing the thus obtainable dispersion of pigment in particulate

C) polymerizing at least one first monomer or copolymerizing a first mixture of comonomers in the presence of a mixture according to b), wherein water-insoluble polymer or copolymer is formed on the surface of pigment in particulate form d) addition of at least one second monomer or a second mixture of comonomers and polymerization or copolymerization,

Farther

15. A method for printing substrates by the ink-jet method using inks according to claim 14.

16. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that it is textile substrates.

17. Printed substrates, obtainable according to claim 15 or 16.

18. dyeing liquors for textile dyeing, containing

a) dispersing at least one pigment in particulate form with at least one nonionic surfactant, b) mixing the thus obtainable dispersion of pigment in particulate form and nonionic surfactant with aqueous medium, c) polymerizing at least one first monomer or copolymerizing a first mixture of comonomers in the presence of a

Mixture according to b), wherein water-insoluble polymer or copolymer is formed on the surface of pigment in particulate form, d) addition of at least one second monomer or a second mixture of comonomers and polymerization or copolymerization,

Farther

19. Printing pastes for pigment printing, containing

a) dispersing at least one pigment in particulate form with at least one nonionic surfactant, b) mixing the thus obtainable dispersion of pigment in particulate form and nonionic surfactant with aqueous

Medium, c) polymerizing at least one first monomer or copolymerizing a first mixture of comonomers in the presence of a mixture according to b), wherein water-insoluble polymer or copolymer is formed on the surface of pigment in particulate form, d) adding at least one second monomer or a second mixture of comonomers and polymerization or copolymerization,

Farther

20. Colored textile substrates, obtainable by a process according to claims 1 to 12.