EP1833601A1 - Procede et dispositif de prelevement et d'analyse d'echantillons - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif de prelevement et d'analyse d'echantillons

Info

Publication number
EP1833601A1
EP1833601A1 EP05850293A EP05850293A EP1833601A1 EP 1833601 A1 EP1833601 A1 EP 1833601A1 EP 05850293 A EP05850293 A EP 05850293A EP 05850293 A EP05850293 A EP 05850293A EP 1833601 A1 EP1833601 A1 EP 1833601A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
outlet opening
analysis
suction line
substances
exiting
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP05850293A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Michael Ukelis
Bertram Cezanne
Hanns Wurziger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Merck Patent GmbH
Original Assignee
Merck Patent GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Merck Patent GmbH filed Critical Merck Patent GmbH
Publication of EP1833601A1 publication Critical patent/EP1833601A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/10—Devices for withdrawing samples in the liquid or fluent state
    • G01N1/20—Devices for withdrawing samples in the liquid or fluent state for flowing or falling materials
    • G01N1/2035—Devices for withdrawing samples in the liquid or fluent state for flowing or falling materials by deviating part of a fluid stream, e.g. by drawing-off or tapping
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/0093—Microreactors, e.g. miniaturised or microfabricated reactors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
    • G01N35/10—Devices for transferring samples or any liquids to, in, or from, the analysis apparatus, e.g. suction devices, injection devices
    • G01N35/1095—Devices for transferring samples or any liquids to, in, or from, the analysis apparatus, e.g. suction devices, injection devices for supplying the samples to flow-through analysers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
    • B01J2219/00277—Apparatus
    • B01J2219/00279—Features relating to reactor vessels
    • B01J2219/00281—Individual reactor vessels
    • B01J2219/00286—Reactor vessels with top and bottom openings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
    • B01J2219/0068—Means for controlling the apparatus of the process
    • B01J2219/00702—Processes involving means for analysing and characterising the products
    • B01J2219/00707—Processes involving means for analysing and characterising the products separated from the reactor apparatus
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00781—Aspects relating to microreactors
    • B01J2219/00851—Additional features
    • B01J2219/00869—Microreactors placed in parallel, on the same or on different supports
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00781—Aspects relating to microreactors
    • B01J2219/00873—Heat exchange
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00781—Aspects relating to microreactors
    • B01J2219/00891—Feeding or evacuation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00781—Aspects relating to microreactors
    • B01J2219/0095—Control aspects
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C40—COMBINATORIAL TECHNOLOGY
    • C40B—COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY; LIBRARIES, e.g. CHEMICAL LIBRARIES
    • C40B60/00—Apparatus specially adapted for use in combinatorial chemistry or with libraries
    • C40B60/14—Apparatus specially adapted for use in combinatorial chemistry or with libraries for creating libraries
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
    • G01N35/10—Devices for transferring samples or any liquids to, in, or from, the analysis apparatus, e.g. suction devices, injection devices
    • G01N2035/1027—General features of the devices
    • G01N2035/1034—Transferring microquantities of liquid

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for taking and analyzing samples from a microreaction system.
  • Microreactors and the elements used in a microreaction system as well as a continuously improved accuracy and sensitivity of various analytical methods can be used to smaller and smaller amounts of substance for performing experimental series of experiments or in the
  • Preparation of reagents can be used. Whereas in the past samples of the order of milliliters and more were required to reliably carry out and evaluate reactions, sample quantities in the range of microliters or even nanoliters can already be used today. are processed . In this way, the effort and costs can be reduced both in terms of the required substance quantities and the required reaction times.
  • the thermal process control is simplified by the reduced mass flows and reduces the risk and possibly existing environmental pollution during and after the reaction.
  • both the course of the reaction or the reaction product thereby obtained and the composition of a sample amount recommended for the analysis can be undesirably influenced and impaired so that, if appropriate, a considerable part of the reaction product quantity or else the analyzes can not be utilized.
  • Devices are known for the removal of small amounts of sample (US 6, 074, 880), in which a stream of substances is passed through a channel.
  • the channel has one or more openings, for example in the form of a through hole, so that through to the channel directed compressed air surges a small amount of sample can be blown out of the flowing through the channel flow of substance through a designated opening of the channel.
  • the known devices allow a sampling of small amounts of substance, however, require a not insignificant design effort.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a method for sampling and analysis of samples in such a way that a sample removal with the least possible impairment of the ongoing microreaction and an immediately subsequent analysis of the sample amount removed are possible.
  • This object is achieved by a method for the removal and analysis of samples from a microreaction system and a laterally arranged next to an outlet opening of the microreaction system suction, wherein for the extraction of the
  • Outlet opening exiting substances a negative pressure in the suction line is generated, causing the exiting Substance stream is divided into a suctioned stream of substance and a free-falling stream of substances, and wherein then one of the two divided substance streams is fed to an analysis device for analysis.
  • the outlet opening is either used as the output of the microreaction system to completely exit the substances involved in the chemical reaction or designed sufficiently small and arranged at a suitable location within the microreaction system, so that a continuously exiting at the outlet opening amount of substance, the reaction proceeding in the microreaction system is not essential impaired. There are no valves, closures or compressed air generating devices required to remove a desired amount of sample.
  • One of the two divided substance streams namely either sucked into the suction or the non-sucked, free falling stream of substances is fed directly to an analysis device and allows a fast, largely unadulterated analysis of the leaked from the outlet opening substances.
  • exiting substances either by design or depending on the in each case desired re-use of the exiting substances are freely selected, for example, if the extracted substance flow is used exclusively for analysis purposes and then discharged and disposed of and the non-sucked, free-falling substance flow for filling in one or in several containers is provided. It is also possible that the extracted substance flow immediately a further utilization is supplied and an analysis and control of the exiting substances by an analysis device takes place, which captures and evaluates the free-falling stream of substances below the outlet opening.
  • the exiting stream of substances can be filled for example in a collecting container or used as a starting material for a further reaction.
  • Reaction parameters are controlled. In this way, large series of experiments with a predefinable reaction of reaction parameters in a controlled manner can be automated. Likewise, it is possible by a variation of the reaction parameters, the running reaction or. To change the resulting reaction products until an analysis of the exiting substance flow shows that a desired
  • composition or property of the exiting stream of substances has been achieved.
  • the method described can also be used to comprehensively control a known or. given reaction sequence and the resulting Use reaction products. For example, if the exiting stream of substances distributed over a large number of containers and in j edem container, for example, in a microcavity, only a very small amount of substances are filled, so with the described method between the individual filling j eweils an analysis of the exiting substance flow be made and its properties and their quality are measured and monitored.
  • the invention also relates to an apparatus for carrying out the described method with a microreaction system having an outlet opening for substances involved in the reaction.
  • an opening of a suction line is arranged laterally next to the outlet opening, wherein a negative pressure can be generated in the suction line for sucking the substances emerging from the outlet opening and an analysis device is either connected to the suction line or arranged below the outlet opening.
  • the outlet opening can be designed so that no or no. only an insignificant dead volume in the form of cavities is required in which no reaction takes place or only a reaction under other, possibly uncontrollable conditions can take place.
  • the embodiment of the sampling system according to the invention ensures that the composition of the sample supplied to the analyzer device does not differ in its composition or only insignificantly from the substances involved in the microreaction. In this way, a high Meaningfulness of the measurements and evaluations carried out in the analytical device.
  • the outlet opening is at the same time also the exit from the microreaction system and the substance stream emerging from the outlet opening is identical to the reaction products, an impairment or falsification of the reaction taking place in the microreaction system is largely precluded.
  • the analysis device is connected to a control device for controlling the negative pressure in the suction line.
  • a control device for controlling the negative pressure in the suction line.
  • Outlet opening exiting stream of substance is sucked or not sucked off and should fall freely due to gravity down.
  • Control device is a valve.
  • the control of the negative pressure in the suction line by means of a valve is possible with relatively little design effort and allows rapid pressure changes and thus precise control in the distribution of the exiting stream of substances.
  • the analysis device and subsequently the control device are arranged along the suction line. This prevents unwanted contamination in the substance stream contained reaction products by unavoidable dead volumes in the valve, or. due to the inclusion of valve materials etc. and thus can lead to a falsification of the measurement results.
  • control device and subsequently the analysis device are arranged along the suction line.
  • reaction time can be improved with which control commands of the analysis device can affect the distribution of the substance flow.
  • Such an arrangement can be used advantageously in particular when it depends more on an accurate metering of the divided substance streams than on the avoidance of possibly negligible contamination.
  • a housing is arranged around the outlet opening with an outlet opening for substances emerging from the outlet opening and with a passage opening for the suction line.
  • Housing protects the one hand, the area around the outlet opening from unwanted, uncontrollable environmental influences and allows the other hand, by simple means, the precise and reproducible arrangement of the suction in relation to the outlet opening.
  • the arrangement of the opening of the suction line is variable relative to the outlet opening. In this way, at a given negative pressure in the suction line, the suction effect caused thereby in the region of the outlet opening can be changed in order to possibly take into account different properties of the substances and reaction products used, for example different viscosities or volatilities.
  • the outlet opening is designed in the form of a capillary.
  • a capillary makes it possible to precisely meter and, in particular, lower amounts of substance during the exit from the microreaction system and, on the other hand, largely prevents the reactions taking place in the microreaction system from being influenced by the changing reactions
  • the inner diameter of the capillary is expediently chosen to be sufficiently small in order to ensure a complete suction of the exiting substance amounts and on the other hand should be chosen sufficiently large so as not to jeopardize a continuous leakage of the substances by a strongly increasing differential pressure in the capillary.
  • it can be ensured with a suitable capillary that the stream of substance emerges from the outlet opening in a fine, free jet.
  • an area can be heated around the outlet opening. It has been found that the use of volatile solvents, such as dichloromethane or ether due to the enthalpy of vaporization of the solvent for ice formation may occur at the outlet opening. This undesirable impairment during operation can be easily avoided by heating in the region of the outlet opening.
  • a protective gas atmosphere displacing the air humidity can be produced and maintained.
  • the inert gas atmosphere may be used in place of or in addition to a heater to prevent unwanted ice formation at a cooling outlet.
  • a protective gas atmosphere it is possible by means of a protective gas atmosphere to prevent contamination of the exiting the outlet opening substance flows largely.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic overview of a device for taking and analyzing samples from a microreaction system
  • FIG. 2 shows a more detailed illustration of a sampling device to which an analytical device is connected
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic overview of a device for taking and analyzing samples from a microreaction system
  • FIG. 2 shows a more detailed illustration of a sampling device to which an analytical device is connected
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic overview of a device for taking and analyzing samples from a microreaction system
  • FIG. 2 shows a more detailed illustration of a sampling device to which an analytical device is connected
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic overview of a device for taking and analyzing samples from a microreaction system
  • FIG. 2 shows a more detailed illustration of a sampling device to which an analytical device is connected
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic overview of a device for taking and analyzing samples from a microreaction system
  • FIG. 2 shows a more detailed illustration of a sampling device to which an analytical device is connected
  • FIG. 1 shows
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic overview of a device according to FIGS. 1 and 2 with a different arrangement of a solenoid valve to control the division of the sample removed.
  • Sampling device 1 is connected via a hose 2 with a microreaction system 3, which is indicated schematically for simplicity and j e can be designed complex according to concrete application. After the reaction, the entire
  • Microreaction system 3 completely emptied via the sampling device 1.
  • the outlet opening 4 is designed in the form of a capillary.
  • the hose 2 is detachable via connection piece 5 with the outlet opening 4 or. connected to the capillary.
  • a plurality of microreaction systems 3 with different sampling devices 1 can be used in any combination, so that, for example, depending on the substances used in each case associated sampling devices 1 with one for certain
  • microreaction system 3 can be combined. Also, a microreaction system 3 to be cleaned or a sampling device 1 to be cleaned can be easily exchanged so that almost continuous operation is ensured.
  • a capillary outlet 4 is slidably disposed in the interior of a sleeve-shaped housing 6. Both the connecting piece 5 of the hose 2 and the outlet opening 4 in capillary form are fastened in a housing cover 7, which engages with the housing 6 via a screw thread and thus allows longitudinal displacement of the open end of the capillary relative to the housing bottom of the housing 6.
  • the housing 6 has adjacent to the capillary
  • the suction line 9 opens into an analysis device 10.
  • a substance flow supplied via the suction line 9 of the analysis device 10 can be subjected to suitable measurements in the analysis device 10 whose analysis allows conclusions to be drawn about the properties, for example the composition or concentration of individual reaction products in the substance flow.
  • a solenoid valve 13 is arranged, with which the negative pressure generated in the suction line 9 can be controlled.
  • the solenoid valve 13 is connected via a drive device 14 with the analysis device 10 and controllable by this. Depending on the
  • the solenoid valve 13 is opened or be closed and thereby the prevailing in the suction 9 negative pressure can be specified.
  • the solenoid valve 13 is opened and generates a negative pressure in the suction line 9. Due to the negative pressure, the substance flow exiting from the outlet opening 4 is sucked into the suction line 9 and fed to the analysis device 10. If, as a result of the analyzes, it is determined that the analyzed sample corresponds to predetermined criteria, then the solenoid valve 13 can be closed and the free-flowing substance stream then exits through an outlet opening 15 in the bottom of the housing 6 and can be collected in a suitable sample container 16.
  • the generated negative pressure can be sucked into the suction 9 or. Precise metering through the outlet 15 exiting amount of substance, so that a use of the sampling device 1 as a metering system at regular intervals performed analyzes and controls is conceivable.
  • the solenoid valve 13 following the analysis device 10 avoids any contamination of the samples taken and intended for the analysis. If, instead of avoiding possible contamination, the most accurate possible metering and distribution of the substance stream exiting from the outlet opening 4 is important, then the solenoid valve 13 can be used be arranged in front of the analysis device 10 in the suction line 9, as shown in FIG. 3 shown. In this embodiment, the reaction time for the control of the division of the exiting substance flow is lower than in the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2, since no change of pressure, resp. no build-up of a vacuum over the dead volume of the analyzer 10 is required.
  • a local heating in the area around the outlet opening 4, for example, by using an electric heater or a heat coupling can accomplish in a simple manner. It can also be avoided by the controlled supply of a preferably chemically largely inert protective gas in the housing 6 that falsified by a, albeit only a brief reaction of the exiting stream of substances with the ambient air, the measured values obtained in the analysis device 10 or the reaction products generated before an optionally intended Reuse be adversely affected.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Automatic Analysis And Handling Materials Therefor (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de prélèvement et d'analyse d'échantillons à partir d'un système de microréaction (3) présentant une conduite d'aspiration (9) disposée latéralement à côté d'une ouverture de sortie (4) dudit système de microréaction (3). Selon ce procédé, un vide est créé dans la conduite d'aspiration (9) pour aspirer des substances sortant par l'ouverture de sortie (4), le flux de substances sortant étant ainsi divisé en un flux de substances aspiré et en un flux de substances tombant librement, puis un de ces deux flux de substances est acheminé dans un dispositif d'analyse (10) pour être analysé. En fonction d'un résultat de l'analyse, le vide dans la conduite d'aspiration (9) peut être modifié de façon à réguler ou régler la division du flux de substances sortant. Des paramètres de réaction peuvent être également prédéterminés ou régulés en fonction de résultats d'analyse. L'invention concerne également un dispositif permettant de mettre en oeuvre ce procédé. Ce dispositif présente une ouverture de la conduite d'aspiration (9) qui est disposée latéralement à côté de l'ouverture de sortie (4), un vide pouvant être créé dans la conduite d'aspiration (9). Un dispositif d'analyse (10) est raccordé à la conduite d'aspiration (9) ou placé sous l'ouverture de sortie (4).
EP05850293A 2005-01-07 2005-12-16 Procede et dispositif de prelevement et d'analyse d'echantillons Withdrawn EP1833601A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102005001015 2005-01-07
DE102005034574A DE102005034574A1 (de) 2005-01-07 2005-07-23 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Entnahme und Analyse von Proben
PCT/EP2005/013595 WO2006072382A1 (fr) 2005-01-07 2005-12-16 Procede et dispositif de prelevement et d'analyse d'echantillons

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1833601A1 true EP1833601A1 (fr) 2007-09-19

Family

ID=36087372

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05850293A Withdrawn EP1833601A1 (fr) 2005-01-07 2005-12-16 Procede et dispositif de prelevement et d'analyse d'echantillons

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20080163701A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1833601A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2008527336A (fr)
DE (1) DE102005034574A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2006072382A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102011081287A1 (de) * 2011-08-19 2013-02-21 Bayer Technology Services Gmbh Mikro-Probenentnahmesystem für kleine Mengen an Fluidproben zur Analyse in der Dampfphase
CN102565436B (zh) * 2012-01-19 2013-09-18 湖州凯立特医疗器械有限公司 便携式检测仪器的自校准多次测量模块及其使用方法

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5003830A (en) * 1987-05-29 1991-04-02 Spencer R Wilson Sample extraction system
FR2617286B1 (fr) * 1987-06-26 1991-08-30 Commissariat Energie Atomique Dispositif de prelevement comportant une tete de prelevement sterilisable en position montee sur un bioreacteur
DE4032520A1 (de) * 1990-10-11 1992-04-16 Laser & Analytical Res Vorrichtung zur entnahme von proben aus partikelbelasteten stroemungsmedien
DE19805719A1 (de) * 1998-02-12 1999-08-19 Basf Ag Verfahren zur kombinatorischen Herstellung und Testung von Heterogenkatalysatoren
US20060127287A1 (en) * 1998-02-12 2006-06-15 Hartmut Hibst Combinatorial preparation and testing of heterogeneous catalysts
DE10011022A1 (de) * 2000-03-07 2001-09-27 Meinhard Knoll Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Durchführung von Synthesen, Analysen oder Transportvorgängen
DE10330299A1 (de) * 2003-07-04 2005-01-20 Merck Patent Gmbh Probenentnahmevorrichtung für ein Mikroreaktionssystem

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2006072382A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20080163701A1 (en) 2008-07-10
JP2008527336A (ja) 2008-07-24
WO2006072382A1 (fr) 2006-07-13
DE102005034574A1 (de) 2006-07-20

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