EP1831906A1

EP1831906A1 - Heavy-duty circuit breaker featuring arc-resistant fault current conduction

Info

Publication number: EP1831906A1
Application number: EP05812736A
Authority: EP
Inventors: David Saxl; Markus Vestner; Thomas Nordstroem; Tomas Borg; Tomas Strom
Original assignee: ABB Technology AG
Current assignee: ABB Technology AG
Priority date: 2004-12-23
Filing date: 2005-12-14
Publication date: 2007-09-12
Anticipated expiration: 2025-12-14
Also published as: EP1831906B1; US7595461B2; WO2006066426A1; EP1675144A1; CN101288141A; JP2008525945A; US20080006608A1; ATE458258T1; DE502005009053D1; CN101288141B

Abstract

The switch has an axis (A) by which an axial coordinate (z) which runs parallel to the axis and a radial coordinate (r) which extends perpendicular to it are defined. An arcing contact piece (1), a current conducting element (2), and an arc-resistant element (3a) are provided. The arcing contact piece (1) has a hole (6) for directing an axial flow (4) of a gas (4) that is heated by an arc (5) which is based on the arcing contact piece (1) if applicable. The arcing contact piece (1) forms a planar contact (F) along with the current conducting element (2) in order to conduct a fault current (I) that flows through the arcing contact piece (1) and the current conducting element (2) during the time the arc (5) burns. The current conducting element (2) is shielded from the flow (4) near the planar contact (F) with the aid of the arc-resistant element (3a). The current conducting element (2) has an axial area (2a) in which a radial inner dimension (d2) of the current conducting element increases step by step or continuously as the distance from the planar contact (F) increases parallel to the axis (A). The axial area (2a) accommodates the arc-resistant element (3a).

Description

HIGH PERFORMANCE SWITCH MITABBRANDFESTER SHORT CIRCUIT

DESCRIPTION

Technical area

The invention relates to the field of high-power switch technology. It relates to a high-performance switch according to the preamble of claim 1.

State of the art

From the prior art, a high-performance switch is known, which has a contact tulip as arcing contact piece, which forms a flat contact for guiding a short-circuit current with a current-carrying element. Within the contact tulip and reaching into the current-carrying element, a tube made of burn-resistant material is provided which is intended to protect the interior of the contact tulip from hot gas, wherein the gas is heated by an electric arc on the arc contact piece arc and flows through the contact tulip and beyond the current-carrying element , If no adequate protection is provided, such a hot gas stream can remove material from the current-carrying element and / or the contact tulip, which can lead to a degradation of the electrical contact between the contact tulip and the current-carrying element. Increasing contact resistance and even interruption of contact may result.

The tube of erosion-resistant material is screwed into the current-carrying element and has in the part in which it is disposed within the contact tulip, an outer diameter which is greater than the inner diameter of the contact tulip at the respective location.

By providing such a tube of erosion-resistant material, the gas flow available cross-sectional area decreases greatly. If this cross-sectional area remains approximately constant in order to keep similar outflow rates, (for the same, the short-circuit current available cross-sections) a larger contact tulip and a larger current-carrying element must be provided, so that a larger overall high-performance switch is the result.

From EP 0 642 145 A a circuit breaker with male contact pin and contact tulip is known in which the contact fingers of the tulip have an axial recess to receive therein a tube which serves as Radialwegbegrenzer for the contact fingers. For thermal protection against burning a further protective tube is provided against hot gas inside the contact tulip.

In EP 0 290 950 A a gas blast switch is described, which has tulip-shaped contact fingers as arc contact piece, which with form a cylindrical Abbrandkontakt the arcing contacts. Within the contact tulip, an axially displaceable tubular body is guided, which is pressed by a spring in the direction of the Abbrandkontaktes during the turn-off.

Furthermore, from EP 0 932 1 72 A2 a circuit breaker with a tulip contact piece is known, whose resilient arcing contacts and the pipe section arranged thereon are protected against burnup by an arc-resistant insert. Disadvantageously, the flow cross-section in the tulip contact piece is reduced in that the insert rests on the inside of the arc contacts and the pipe section.

It is therefore desirable to provide a compact power switch as compact as possible, yet provides protection against said hot gas induced contact degradation.

Presentation of the invention

It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a high-performance switch of the type mentioned, which does not have the disadvantages mentioned above. In particular, a compact, ie small outer dimensions exhibiting high-performance switch is to be created, which has a low, not by hot gas-induced contact degradation with increasing electrical resistance between an arcing contact piece and a short-circuit current from the arcing contact piece dissipating current-carrying element.

This object is achieved by a device with the features of claim! , The high-performance switch according to the invention with an axis, by means of which an axial coordinate parallel to the axis and a radial coordinate perpendicular thereto are defined, has an arcing contact piece, a current-carrying element and a burn-off protection element. The

Arc contact piece has an opening for guiding a substantially axial flow of a gas heated by an optionally on the arcing contact piece heated gas. To guide a flowing during a burning time of the arc through the arcing contact piece and the current-carrying element short-circuit current, it forms a surface contact with the current-carrying element. By the burn-off protection element, the current-carrying element is substantially shielded from the flow near the planar contact. The current-carrying element has an axial region in which a radial inner dimension of the

Stromführungselementes with increasing measured parallel to the axis distance to the flat contact gradually or continuously increasing.

The high-performance switch is characterized in that the axial

Area is provided for receiving the Abbrandschutzelementes. As a result, the radial outer dimension of the high-power switch can be kept very small.

The invention can also be seen in that the high-performance switch is characterized in that the current-carrying element has an axial (that is, defined by its axial extent) region, at its end facing the flat contact, a radial inner dimension of the current-carrying element is smaller than at the flat contact opposite end. Advantageously, the flat contact facing the end of the area directly on the flat contact or near the surface contact.

The invention makes it possible to simultaneously realize a large-area contact between arcing contact piece and current-carrying element (with correspondingly low contact resistance) and protection against hot-gas-induced contact degradation (on the large-area contact). A very compact design of the high-performance switch and a long service life are made possible in this way.

Advantageously, the current-carrying element be chamfered, preferably already from the surface contact with the arcing contact piece.

The axial region is advantageously arranged on the side facing away from the arcing contact piece of the flat contact. Advantageously, the axial region is arranged near the arcing contact piece.

In a preferred embodiment, the current-carrying element and the erosion protection element are designed substantially rotationally symmetrical. Advantageously, the entire high-power switch is designed substantially rotationally symmetrical. Preferably, the radial inner dimension of the inner diameter. Preferably, the radial outer dimension of the erosion protection element is the outer diameter,

Preferably, a radial outer dimension of the Abbrandschutzelementes and the radial inner dimension of the current-carrying element in the axial region are adapted to each other. This allows a compact Construction of the switch. Advantageously, the erosion protection element is fitted in the current-carrying element.

Preferably, the erosion protection element is axially extended up to the arcing contact piece. The erosion protection element may be extended to the arcing contact piece (so that the arcing contact piece and erosion protection element touch one another) or beyond (until there is an area in which the erosion protection element and the arcing contact piece overlap axially). The erosion protection element may also be axially extended (only) up to the axial extent of the arcing contact piece (so that the areas of the axial extent of arcing contact piece and erosion protection element contact each other without overlapping).

Advantageously, the erosion protection element has a more erosion-resistant material than the current-carrying element near the surface contact. Advantageously, at least the hot gas flow side facing the Abbrandschutzelementes of such erosion-resistant material, preferably, the whole erosion protection element is made of such a material. Near the surface contact is that part of the

Current guide element arranged, which, if it were exposed to a hot gas flow, particularly rapidly led to a degradation of the contact between the arcing contact piece and current-carrying element. This part is advantageously protected by the erosion-resistant material of Abbrandschutzelementes against degradation by hot gas.

In a preferred embodiment, there is a second axial region in which a radial inner dimension of the erosion protection element is substantially equal to a radial inner dimension of the arcing contact element. Particularly advantageous are (within Manufacturing tolerances), the radial inner dimension of the current-carrying element and the radial outer dimension of Abbrandschutzelementes in the axial region of equal size. In other words, close to the surface contact, a radial inner dimension of the burn-off protection element is substantially the same size as a radial inner dimension of the arcing contact piece. A particularly compact design of the high-performance switch is possible.

A high-performance switch can have a discharge pipe for guiding the hot gas flow. The outflow tube serves to guide a flow of a gas heated by an arc which may be located on the arcing contact piece. In this case, the Abbrandschutzelement is connected to the outlet pipe with great advantage. Particularly advantageously, the outflow pipe and the erosion protection element are integrally formed. This facilitates the manufacture and assembly of the

High performance switch. The burn-off protection element is advantageously integrated in the outflow pipe.

Advantageously, the current-carrying element is firmly connected to an auxiliary nozzle surrounding the arcing contact piece. Advantageously, the current-carrying element serves to support or hold an insulating nozzle arrangement (comprising at least one main nozzle and at least one auxiliary nozzle), or the current-carrying element is firmly connected or integrally formed with such a support or holder.

The surface contact is advantageously aligned substantially radially. At least the surface contact does not extend exclusively along the horizontal coordinate. Advantageously, the current-carrying element and / or the arcing contact piece can be provided with a coating for reducing the contact resistance on a surface contributing to the planar contact, preferably (in each case) over the entire areal surface contact. Such a coating can be, for example, a silver plating.

In an advantageous embodiment, a nominal current contact system is provided in addition to the arcing contact piece. This carries a rated current in the closed switch state, while after the rated current contact piece separation, the current commutates to an arcing contact system comprising the arcing contact piece. After the separation of the arcing contact system, an arc to be extinguished, the short-circuit current carrying arc is ignited. It is also possible that the arcing contact together with another arcing contact forms a rated current contact system.

A high-performance switch is typically designed to carry short-circuit currents between 2 kA and 80 kA at nominal voltages between 10 kV and over 1000 kV, preferably between 30 kV and 550 kV.

Further preferred embodiments and advantages emerge from the dependent claims and the figures. Brief description of the drawings

The subject matter of the invention will be explained in more detail below on the basis of preferred exemplary embodiments, which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. They show schematically:

Fig. 1 shows a large section of an inventive

High power switch, cut;

2 to 10 each a detail, showing a possible embodiment of arcing contact piece,

Conductor element and erosion protection element, cut.

The reference numerals used in the drawings and their meaning are listed in the list of reference numerals. Basically, the same or equivalent parts are provided with the same reference numerals in the figures. For the understanding of the invention non-essential parts are not shown in part. The described embodiments are exemplary of the subject invention and have no limiting effect.

Ways to carry out the invention

Fig. 1 shows schematically and cut a section of an inventive high power switch in the open switching state. The high-power switch is substantially rotationally symmetrical with a rotation axis A, through which an axial coordinate designated by z and a radial coordinate designated by r is defined. To open the switch, a nominal current contact system 9 consisting of two rated current contacts 9 was first opened, see FIG in that a current flowing through the switch commutates on an arc contact piece system consisting of two arcing contact pieces 1, 1 b. After separating the two arcing contact pieces 1, 1 b burns between them an arc 5, and a short-circuit current I, symbolized by thin open arrows, flows through the two arcing contact pieces 1, 1 b.

The arc contact piece 1 is formed as a contact tulip with a plurality of contact fingers and has an opening 6. A provided in the switch extinguishing gas 4, for example SFε, is heated by the arc 5 and forms, optionally together with further gaseous material, a gas flow 4 (symbolized by thick open arrows), which flows through the opening 6.

The short-circuit current I flows through a radially oriented flat contact F at the end of the contact tulip 1 in a current-carrying element 2 and from there to the terminals of the switch. To protect the current-carrying element 2 and above all the areal contact F between the current-carrying element 2 and the arcing contact piece 1 in front of the gas flow 4, a burn-off protection element 3a is provided, which is formed integrally here together with an outflow tube 3.

The current-carrying element 2 is generally made of a less erosion-resistant (heat-resistant) material (for example, aluminum or copper) than the erosion protection element 3a, which may be made of steel or a carbon fiber composite material, for example. The arcing contact piece 1 can be made, for example, from copper, steel or tungsten-copper. The entire bottom surface of the arcing contact piece 1 serves as a contact surface F to the current-carrying element 2, and from there the current-carrying element 2 is protected from the gas flow 4 by the erosion protection element 3 a. When using suitable materials can be dispensed with additional protection of the arcing contact piece 1 from burning, so that the erosion protection element 3a only the contact surface F and the contact surface near part of the current-carrying element 2 must protect from hot gas.

The contact tulip 1 can, as shown in Fig. 1, in the

Be current conducting element 2 screwed. By a thread only a negligible current between arcing contact piece 1 and current-carrying element 2 can flow, so that the lateral surface of the contact tulip makes no contribution to the contact surface.

In a region 2a beginning near the contact surface F, in particular at the contact surface F, the inner diameter d2 of the current-carrying element 2 increases continuously. To the same extent, the outer diameter of the erosion protection element 3a increases. The inner diameter of the Abbrandschutzelementes 3a is in an axial region 2b (or at least close to the contact surface F) equal to the inner diameter dl of the arcing contact piece 1 near the contact surface F.

In this way, a large outflow cross-section is made available to the gas 4 flowing out through the arcing contact piece 1, while the outer dimensions of the switch remain low and the cross-sectional area F available to the short-circuit current I is very large. Here, the current-carrying element 2 still has the function of holding an insulating auxiliary nozzle 7 and, via a metallic tube (which also carries one of the rated current contact pieces 9), an insulating main nozzle 8. Both arcing contact pieces 1, 1 b or only one of the two can be designed to be movable. The arcing contact piece 1, the outflow pipe 3, the current-carrying element 2, the insulating nozzle arrangement 7, 8 and the rated current contact 9 arranged on the insulating nozzle side can be firmly connected to one another.

The other figures show schematically and cut possible

Embodiments of the area near the surface contact F, as they are possible in a high-performance switch according to FIG. 1 or in another switch with an arcing contact piece 1, a current-carrying element 2 and a burn-off protection element 3a.

Fig. 2 shows the embodiment of Fig. 1, wherein the thread is shown more clearly. The illustration is somewhat idealized, since due to manufacturing tolerances some surfaces may have a small spacing from one another. In connection with Fig. 3, this problem is discussed.

As FIG. 3 shows, the contact piece 1 can also be pressed into the latter instead of being connected to the current-carrying element 2 by means of a thread. This is an example of a positive connection. In addition, in order to prevent manufacturing tolerance-related fitting problems of Abbrandschutzelementes 3a in the current-carrying element 2, the bevel of Abbrandschutzelementes 3a may be formed less strong than the bevel of the current-carrying element 2, as shown in Fig. 3. As a result, the inner diameter d2 of the current-carrying element 2 and the outer diameter D3 of the Abbrandschutzelementes 3a at the same axial coordinate z different sizes.

As further illustrated in FIG. 3, the contact tulip 1 may also have a bevel, as a result of which manufacturing tolerance-related fitting problems of the burn-up protection element 3a are prevented. In addition, it is shown in FIG. 3 that a stump-shaped end of the erosion protection element 3a can also be provided.

4 shows a further exemplary realization of how a contact pressure leading to a low contact resistance can be achieved at the contact surface 6. The arcing contact piece 1 is pressed by means of a union nut 10 or a flange 10 against the current-carrying element. In addition, FIG. 4 shows that the burn-off protection element 3 a can also be arranged separately from the outflow pipe 3.

Fig. 5 shows that it is also possible to provide a plurality of bevels of the current-carrying element 2 and / or erosion protection element 3a.

FIG. 6 shows that it is also possible to provide the erosion protection element 3a extended with respect to the axial coordinate beyond the extent of the arcing contact piece 1.

FIG. 7 shows a further embodiment in which the burn-off protection element 3 a is arranged separately from the outflow pipe 3. In addition, it is shown that a stepwise (here in one step, but there are also two, the or more steps conceivable) enlargement of the inner diameter d2 of the current-carrying element 2 can be provided. (Since Fig. 7 den Switch is only up to the axis of symmetry A, half the inner diameter, as d2 / 2, indicated.)

It may well be an embodiment advantageous in which in a first region of the inner diameter d2 stepwise, as shown in Figure 7, enlarged and enlarged in a second region in bevels, as shown in Figure 5. But it is also possible conversely that in a first region of the inner diameter d2 gradually increased in bevels and in a second region.

8 shows an embodiment in which the erosion protection element 3a and the current-carrying element 2, starting from the flat contact F and in the direction predetermined by the coordinate z, initially have a constant outside or inside diameter and then a bevelled area in the direction of larger radial coordinates , As a result, improved burn-up resistance is ensured at the expense of a slightly reduced contact surface F.

The embodiment in FIG. 9 is similar to that in FIG. 8, but shows that the surface contact F does not necessarily have to be substantially radially aligned. It can enclose a non-zero angle tx with an axis running along the coordinate r. The angle ex may, as shown in Fig. 9, be negative, but also positive angles a are possible.

10 shows an embodiment in which the inner diameter d3 of the erosion protection element 3a is slightly smaller than the inner diameter d1 of the arcing contact piece 1. In addition, the erosion protection element 3a extends from the side of the contact surface F, to which predominantly adjoins the current-carrying element 3, except for the side of the contact surface F, to which predominantly the arcing contact piece 1 adjoins. An improved protection against erosion at the contact surface F is achieved. In addition, a snap mechanism is realized by the formation of Abbrandschutzelement 3a and current-carrying element 2 in the region 2a, which serves the mutual attachment of the two parts together.

The features illustrated in the figures may also be advantageous in combinations other than those mentioned or illustrated.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1 arcing contact piece, contact tulip, contact tube

1 b Arc contact piece, contact pin 2 Current-carrying element, holder

2a, 2b range, axial range

3 outflow pipe

3a burn-off protection element

4 gas, quenching gas, flow, extinguishing gas flow 5 arc

6 Opening of the arcing contact piece

7 auxiliary nozzle

8 nozzle, main nozzle

9 Rated current contact, rated current contact system 10 Union nut, flange

A axis

D3 radial outer dimension of the erosion protection element,

Outer diameter dl radial inner dimension of the arcing contact piece,

Inner diameter d2 radial inner dimension of the current-carrying element,

Inner diameter d3 Radial inner dimension of the erosion protection element, inner diameter

I current, short-circuit current, arc current

Plane contact, contact surface r radial direction, radial coordinate z axial direction, axial coordinate ex. angle

Claims

P A T E N T A N S P R E C H E

5 1. Heavy-duty circuit breaker having an axis (A) defining an axial coordinate (z) parallel to the axis and a radial coordinate (r) perpendicular thereto, and an arcing contact (1), a current-carrying element (2) and a consumable protection element (3a ), wherein the arcing contact piece (1) for guiding a substantially

W axial flow (4) by an optionally on the

Arc contact piece (1) has a heated arc (5) heated gas (4) has an opening (6) and for guiding a during a burning time of the arc (5) through the arcing contact piece (1) and the current-carrying element (2) flowing short-circuit current (I)

15 with the current-carrying element (2) forms a flat contact (F), and wherein the current-carrying element (2) is substantially shielded from the flow (4) by the erosion protection element (3a) near the flat contact (F), and wherein the current-carrying element ( 2) has an axial region (2a), in which a radial inner dimension (d2) of the current-carrying element

(2) with increasing parallel to the axis (A) measured distance from the flat contact (F) is gradually or continuously increasing, characterized in that the axial region (2a) for receiving the Abbrandschutzelementes (3a) is provided. 5

2. High-power circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that the current-carrying element (2) and the erosion protection element (3a) is substantially rotationally symmetrical, and that the radial inner dimension (d2) of the inner diameter (d2).

3. High-power circuit breaker according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the axial region (2a) is adapted a radial outer dimension (D3) of the Abbrandschutzelementes (3a) to the radial inner dimension (d2) of the current-carrying element (2).

4. High-power circuit breaker according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the erosion protection element (3a) extends axially up to the arcing contact piece (1).

5. High-performance circuit breaker according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the erosion protection element (3a) has a more erosion-resistant material than the current-carrying element (2) near the flat contact (F).

6. High-performance circuit breaker according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in a second axial region (2b) a radial inner dimension (d3) of the Abbrandschutzelementes (3a) is substantially equal to a radial inner dimension (dl) of the arcing contact piece (1).

7. High-performance circuit breaker according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an outflow pipe (3) for guiding the flow (4) is provided, and that the burn-off protection element (3a) with the outflow pipe (3) is firmly connected.

8. High-power circuit breaker according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the current-carrying element (2) is fixedly connected to a arc contact piece (1) surrounding the auxiliary nozzle (7).

9. High-performance circuit breaker according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the flat contact (F) is oriented substantially radially.

10. High-power circuit breaker according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in addition to the arcing contact piece (1) nor a rated current contact system (9) is provided.

1 1. High-power circuit breaker according to one of claims 1 to 1 0, characterized in that the inner dimension (d2) of the current-carrying element (2) in a near the contact surface (F) beginning area increases continuously or continuously with a single stage or multi-stage.

12. High-power circuit breaker according to one of claims 1 to 1 1, characterized in that the inner dimension (d2) of the current-carrying element (2) increases in a near the contact surface (F) beginning region in several bevels.

1 3. High-power circuit breaker according to one of claims 1 to 1 2, characterized in that the contact tulip (1) is screwed into the current-carrying element (2).