EP1829064B1 - Method and device for the secure operation of a switching device - Google Patents

Method and device for the secure operation of a switching device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1829064B1
EP1829064B1 EP05823788A EP05823788A EP1829064B1 EP 1829064 B1 EP1829064 B1 EP 1829064B1 EP 05823788 A EP05823788 A EP 05823788A EP 05823788 A EP05823788 A EP 05823788A EP 1829064 B1 EP1829064 B1 EP 1829064B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact
switching device
release means
main contacts
state
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP05823788A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1829064A1 (en
Inventor
Robert Adunka
Peter Hartinger
Bardo Koppmann
Norbert Mitlmeier
Ludwig Niebler
Fritz Pohl
Alf c/o Siemens Ltd. A.&D. Division WSGR-PD WABNER
Norbert Zimmermann
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Publication of EP1829064A1 publication Critical patent/EP1829064A1/en
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Publication of EP1829064B1 publication Critical patent/EP1829064B1/en
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/001—Means for preventing or breaking contact-welding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/0015—Means for testing or for inspecting contacts, e.g. wear indicator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
    • H01H1/14—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting
    • H01H1/20—Bridging contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H73/00—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches in which excess current opens the contacts by automatic release of mechanical energy stored by previous operation of a hand reset mechanism
    • H01H73/02—Details
    • H01H73/04—Contacts
    • H01H73/045—Bridging contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/0072—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00 particular to three-phase switches

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for the safe operation of a switching device according to the preamble of claim 1 and a corresponding device according to the preamble of claim 4.
  • a device or such a method for example, in EP 1 089 308 A2 disclosed.
  • switching devices in particular low-voltage switchgear, the current paths between an electrical supply device and consumers and thus their operating currents can be switched.
  • the connected consumers can be reliably switched on and off.
  • a low-voltage electrical switching device such as a contactor, a circuit breaker or a compact starter, for switching the current paths on one or more so-called main contacts, which can be controlled by one or more control magnets.
  • the main contacts consist of a movable contact bridge and fixed contact pieces, to which the consumer and the supply device are connected.
  • a corresponding on or off signal is given to the control magnets, whereupon they act with their armature so on the movable contact bridges that the contact bridges perform a relative movement with respect to the fixed contacts and either close the current paths to be switched or to open.
  • contact surfaces are made of materials such as silver alloys, both at these locations are applied to the contact bridge and the contact pieces and have a certain thickness.
  • the thickness of the materials applied to the contact surfaces will decrease.
  • the switching path between the contact surfaces of the contact bridge and the contact pieces is longer, which ultimately reduces the contact force when closing.
  • the contacts will not close properly. Due to the resulting power interruptions or else by an increased switch-on bounce, it can then come to a contact heating and thus to an increasing melting of the contact material, which in turn can lead to a welding of the contact surfaces of the main contacts.
  • the switching device can no longer switch off the load safely. This is how a welded one becomes Contact despite the turn-off signal at least the current path with the welded main contact continue to remain energized or live, and thus the consumer is not completely disconnected from the supply device. Since the consumer thus remains in a non-safe state, the switching device represents a potential source of error.
  • the object of the present invention is to identify such potential sources of error and to react accordingly.
  • the present invention makes it possible, with little effort, to detect contact welding when switching off, and thus to prevent operation of the switching device that is no longer safe.
  • the force element released by the release means breaks the contact weld in question.
  • a release means for a force element for breaking up the main contacts is provided for this purpose, which in a first state remains as long as the main contacts are closed at power and opened at power off, and which is transferred to a second state when at least one of the main contacts is welded after turning off.
  • the further operation of the switching device can be interrupted even after switching off.
  • corresponding warning signals can be generated which indicate the non-safe operation of the switching device.
  • a multi-pole switching device such as a contactor, a circuit breaker or a compact feeder, and in particular the safe operation of a three-pole switching device guaranteed.
  • Step a) Remaining a power element release means for breaking the main contacts in a first state as long as the main contacts are closed at power-up and opened at power-off
  • Step b) Conversion of the release means in a second state, if after turning off at least one of the main contacts is welded.
  • a release means for a force element for breaking the main contacts which remains in a first state, as long as the main contacts are closed when switched on and opened when you turn off.
  • the release means is transferred to a second state, if after turning off at least one of the main contacts is welded, that is, that the release means releases the force element in this second state.
  • mechanical means for transferring the release agent in the second state which are in operative connection with the contact bridges and with the release agent. The release agent can interrupt the further operation of the switching device, if after switching off the release agent has moved to the second state.
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows the structure of a switching device in which the inventive method and the inventive Device used.
  • a control magnet 2 which serves as an electromagnetic drive for the main contacts 1, can be supplied via the terminals A1 and A2 for switching on and off with power.
  • an excitation coil 19 of the control magnet 2 is usually energized, but de-energized when turned off.
  • the control magnet 2 is de-energized.
  • the switching device is thus in the off state.
  • the main contacts 1 are thereby opened by the force acting on the contact bridges by a return spring 29 of the electromagnetic drive 2, and thus the consumers of the supply device, here by the three pole paths L1-L3, separated.
  • FIG. 2 acts when you turn off an armature 12 of the control magnet 2 via an angle lever 7, an actuating slide 6 and a large pivot lever 5 and a small pivot lever 4 on the contact slide 3.
  • the large pivot lever 5 is actuated with its right lever arm shown belonging to the pole path L3 contact slide.
  • the small pivot lever 4 is pivotally mounted in a center pivot 23 in the center.
  • the left lever arm of the small pivot lever 4 thereby actuates the contact slide 3 of the left pole path L1 and the right lever arm of the small pivot lever 4, the contact slide 3 of the middle pole path L2.
  • the large pivoting lever 5 is mounted in a disposed between the lever arms further pivot point 24 in the lower part of the actuating slide 6.
  • About the device side fixed bearing, via pivot points 23, 24 and pivot lever 4, 5 is thus a balance of the respective actuation movements of the contact slide 3 possible.
  • mechanical means 3-5, 16, 17 now transfer the release agent S into the second state, the mechanical means 3-4, 16, 17 being in operative connection with the contact bridges and with the release means S.
  • the release agent S here in the example of FIG. 2 realized as a locking slide, is connected via a connecting plate 17 and a balance plate 16 with a further upper lever arm of the large pivot lever 5 and with the small pivot lever 4 and with the contact slides 3 in a mechanical operative connection.
  • the further upper lever arm of the large pivot lever 5 is guided by a bolt 25 in a slot 15 in the balance plate 16 so that the bolt 25 abuts the slot 15 when a main contacts 1 is welded, so that the two pivot levers 4, 5 a Ausretesschwenkung can perform to each other.
  • the force caused by the compensation pivoting force is transmitted via the stop on the compensating plate 16, which in turn shifts the connecting plate 17 by a compensating movement.
  • the connecting tab 17 actuates the release means S or the locking slide.
  • the locking slide S is characterized by a force element 10, such as those in the FIG. 2 shown spring store 10, free. Part of this force then acts as Aufbrechkraft FA on the contact slide 3 of the welded main contact 1.
  • the compensating movement of the upper leg of the large pivoting lever 5 upwards is then limited by the bolt 25 in the slot 15.
  • the bolt 25 acts there for the large pivot lever 5 as a torque arm.
  • the spring accumulator 10 is released by a locking tooth 13 of the locking slide S disengages from a retaining web 14 of the plunger 8.
  • the spring accumulator 10 which is realized as a cylinder spring example, biased.
  • FIG. 2 is just the state of the switching device shown in which the spring accumulator has triggered 10 and just has not separated the welded contacts 1, 1 "of the main contact 1 of the right current path L3.
  • the release means S can interrupt the further operation of the switching device, if after releasing the release means S, as shown, has moved to the second state.
  • the force F acting on the actuating slide 6 by the force element 10 is so great that the control magnet 2 can not overcome this when switching on.
  • the main contacts 1 remain open.
  • the release means S or a standing in operative connection with this component actuate an electrical switch U.
  • a message signal can be output.
  • the electrical connections 27, 28 can also be connected in series with the power supply of the exciter coil 29 of the control magnet 2, so that after passing the release means S in the second state, the power supply is interrupted by the electrical switch U at a switch-on.
  • the main contacts 1 remain open.
  • FIG. 3 shows a second embodiment of the device according to the invention with a welded main contact. 1
  • FIG. 3 shows a modification of the in FIG. 2 illustrated embodiment.
  • the contact load springs 11 In contrast to FIG. 2 support the contact load springs 11 not on a housing of the switching device, but in the contact slide 3 itself.
  • the three contact slide 3 by means of bearings and bolts 23, 24 and 30 with the pivot levers 4, 5 articulated.

Landscapes

  • Keying Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Switch Cases, Indication, And Locking (AREA)
  • Push-Button Switches (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Switches (AREA)
  • Rotary Switch, Piano Key Switch, And Lever Switch (AREA)

Abstract

A method and a device are disclosed for the secure operation of a switching device including at least two main contacts which can be switched on and off and which includes respectively, contact pieces and a displaceable contact bridge, and at least one control magnet which includes a displaceable anchor. The anchor acts upon the contact bridge when it is switched on and off such that the corresponding main contact is opened or closed. At least one embodiment of the inventive method includes the following steps: a) release device for a force element remains in a first state in order to interrupt the main contact as long as the main contacts are closed when switched on and open when switched off, and b) the release device are transferred into a second state if at least the main contact is welded after switching off.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum sicheren Betrieb eines Schaltgerätes gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 sowie eine entsprechende Vorrichtung gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 4. Eine derartige Vorrichtung bzw. ein derartiges Verfahren werden z.B. in EP 1 089 308 A2 offenbart.The present invention relates to a method for the safe operation of a switching device according to the preamble of claim 1 and a corresponding device according to the preamble of claim 4. Such a device or such a method, for example, in EP 1 089 308 A2 disclosed.

Mit Schaltgeräten, insbesondere Niederspannungsschaltgeräten, lassen sich die Strombahnen zwischen einer elektrischen Versorgungseinrichtung und Verbrauchern und damit deren Betriebsströme schalten. Das heißt, indem vom Schaltgerät Strombahnen geöffnet und geschlossen werden, lassen sich die angeschlossenen Verbraucher sicher ein- und ausschalten.With switching devices, in particular low-voltage switchgear, the current paths between an electrical supply device and consumers and thus their operating currents can be switched. In other words, by opening and closing current paths from the switching device, the connected consumers can be reliably switched on and off.

Ein elektrisches Niederspannungsschaltgerät, wie beispielsweise ein Schütz, ein Leistungsschalter oder ein Kompaktstarter, weist zum Schalten der Strombahnen einen oder mehrere so genannte Hauptkontakte auf, die von einem oder auch mehreren Steuermagneten gesteuert werden können. Prinzipiell bestehen die Hauptkontakte dabei aus einer beweglichen Kontaktbrücke und festen Kontaktstücken, an die der Verbraucher und die Versorgungseinrichtung angeschlossen sind. Zum Schließen und Öffnen der Hauptkontakte wird ein entsprechendes Ein- oder Ausschaltsignal an die Steuermagnete gegeben, woraufhin diese mit ihrem Anker so auf die beweglichen Kontaktbrücken einwirken, dass die Kontaktbrücken eine Relativbewegung in Bezug auf die festen Kontaktstücke vollziehen und entweder die zu schaltende Strombahnen schließen oder öffnen.A low-voltage electrical switching device, such as a contactor, a circuit breaker or a compact starter, for switching the current paths on one or more so-called main contacts, which can be controlled by one or more control magnets. In principle, the main contacts consist of a movable contact bridge and fixed contact pieces, to which the consumer and the supply device are connected. To close and open the main contacts a corresponding on or off signal is given to the control magnets, whereupon they act with their armature so on the movable contact bridges that the contact bridges perform a relative movement with respect to the fixed contacts and either close the current paths to be switched or to open.

Zur besseren Kontaktierung zwischen den Kontaktstücken und den Kontaktbrücken sind an Stellen, an denen beide aufeinander treffen, entsprechend ausgebildete Kontaktflächen vorgesehen. Diese Kontaktflächen bestehen aus Materialien, wie beispielsweise Silberlegierungen, die an diesen Stellen sowohl auf die Kontaktbrücke als auch die Kontaktstücke aufgebracht sind und eine bestimmte Dicke aufweisen.For better contact between the contact pieces and the contact bridges are provided at points where both meet, correspondingly formed contact surfaces. These contact surfaces are made of materials such as silver alloys, both at these locations are applied to the contact bridge and the contact pieces and have a certain thickness.

Die Materialien der Kontaktflächen sind bei jedem der Schaltvorgänge einem Verschleiß unterworfen. Faktoren, die diesen Verschleiß beeinflussen können, sind:

  • ■ zunehmender Kontaktabbrand oder Kontaktabrieb mit steigender Anzahl von Ein- und Ausschaltvorgängen,
  • ■ zunehmende Verformungen,
  • ■ zunehmende Kontaktkorrosion durch Lichtbogeneinwirkung oder
  • ■ Umwelteinflüsse, wie beispielsweise Dämpfe oder Schwebstoffe usw..
The materials of the contact surfaces are subject to wear in each of the switching operations. Factors that can influence this wear are:
  • ■ increasing contact wear or contact wear with increasing number of on and off operations,
  • ■ increasing deformations,
  • ■ Increased contact corrosion due to arcing or
  • ■ Environmental influences, such as vapors or suspended matter, etc.

Als Folge davon werden die Betriebsströme nicht mehr sicher geschaltet, was zu Stromunterbrechungen, Kontaktaufheizungen oder zu Kontaktverschweißungen führen kann.As a result, the operating currents are no longer safely switched, which can lead to power interruptions, contact heating or contact welding.

So wird sich insbesondere mit zunehmendem Kontaktabbrand die Dicke der an den Kontaktflächen aufgebrachten Materialien verringern. Damit wird der Schaltweg zwischen den Kontaktflächen der Kontaktbrücke und der Kontaktstücke länger, was letztendlich die Kontaktkraft beim Schließen verringert. Als Folge davon werden mit zunehmender Anzahl von Schaltvorgängen die Kontakte nicht mehr richtig schließen. Durch die daraus resultierenden Stromunterbrechungen oder aber auch durch ein verstärktes Einschaltprellen kann es dann zu einer Kontaktaufheizung und damit zu einem zunehmenden Aufschmelzen des Kontaktmaterials kommen, was dann wiederum zu einem Verschweißen der Kontaktflächen der Hauptkontakte führen kann.Thus, in particular with increasing contact erosion, the thickness of the materials applied to the contact surfaces will decrease. Thus, the switching path between the contact surfaces of the contact bridge and the contact pieces is longer, which ultimately reduces the contact force when closing. As a result, with increasing number of switching operations, the contacts will not close properly. Due to the resulting power interruptions or else by an increased switch-on bounce, it can then come to a contact heating and thus to an increasing melting of the contact material, which in turn can lead to a welding of the contact surfaces of the main contacts.

Ist ein Hauptkontakt des Schaltgerätes verschlissen oder sogar verschweißt, kann das Schaltgerät den Verbraucher nicht mehr sicher ausschalten. So wird gerade bei einem verschweißten Kontakt trotz des Ausschaltsignals zumindest die Strombahn mit dem verschweißten Hauptkontakt weiter strom- beziehungsweise spannungsführend bleiben, und damit der Verbraucher nicht vollständig von der Versorgungseinrichtung getrennt. Da somit der Verbraucher in einem nicht sicheren Zustand verbleibt, stellt das Schaltgerät eine potentielle Fehlerquelle dar.If a main contact of the switching device is worn or even welded, the switching device can no longer switch off the load safely. This is how a welded one becomes Contact despite the turn-off signal at least the current path with the welded main contact continue to remain energized or live, and thus the consumer is not completely disconnected from the supply device. Since the consumer thus remains in a non-safe state, the switching device represents a potential source of error.

Dadurch kann beispielsweise bei Kompaktstartern nach der IEC 60 947-6-2, bei denen ein zusätzlicher Schutzmechanismus auf die selben Hauptkontakte wirkt wie der Steuermagnet beim betriebsmäßigen Schalten, die Schutzfunktion blockiert werden.As a result, for example, in compact starters according to IEC 60 947-6-2, in which an additional protection mechanism acts on the same main contacts as the control magnet during operational switching, the protective function can be blocked.

Zum sicheren Betrieb von Schaltgeräten und damit zum Schutz des Verbrauchers und der elektrischen Anlage sind deshalb solche Fehlerquellen zu vermeiden.For safe operation of switching devices and thus to protect the consumer and the electrical system such sources of error should be avoided.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, solche potentiellen Fehlerquellen zu erkennen und entsprechend darauf zu reagieren.The object of the present invention is to identify such potential sources of error and to react accordingly.

Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch das Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 sowie durch die Vorrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 4. In den Ansprüchen 7 und 8 ist ein geeignetes Schaltgerät angegeben. In den Unteransprüchen 2, 3, 5, 6 und 9 sind vorteilhafte Weiterentwicklungen des Verfahrens bzw. der Vorrichtungen enthalten.This object is achieved by the method with the features of claim 1 and by the device having the features of claim 4. In claims 7 and 8, a suitable switching device is specified. In the dependent claims 2, 3, 5, 6 and 9, advantageous developments of the method and the devices are included.

Die vorliegende Erfindung ermöglicht mit geringem Aufwand eine Kontaktverschweißung beim Ausschalten und damit einen nicht mehr sicheren Betrieb des Schaltgerätes zu erkennen. Im Falle des Erkennens einer Kontaktverschweißung bricht das vom Freigabemittel freigegebene Kraftelement die betreffende Kontaktverschweißung auf.The present invention makes it possible, with little effort, to detect contact welding when switching off, and thus to prevent operation of the switching device that is no longer safe. In the case of detecting contact welding, the force element released by the release means breaks the contact weld in question.

Erfindungsgemäß ist dazu ein Freigabemittel für ein Kraftelement zum Aufbrechen der Hauptkontakte vorgesehen, welches in einem ersten Zustand verbleibt, solange die Hauptkontakte beim Einschalten geschlossen und beim Ausschalten geöffnet werden, und welches in einen zweiten Zustand übergeführt wird, wenn nach dem Ausschalten zumindest einer der Hauptkontakte verschweißt ist.According to the invention a release means for a force element for breaking up the main contacts is provided for this purpose, which in a first state remains as long as the main contacts are closed at power and opened at power off, and which is transferred to a second state when at least one of the main contacts is welded after turning off.

So kann insbesondere bei Vorliegen des zweiten Zustands auch nach dem Ausschalten der weitere Betrieb des Schaltgerätes unterbrochen werden. Zusätzlich oder alternativ können entsprechende Warnsignale erzeugt werden, die den nicht sicheren Betrieb des Schaltgerätes anzeigen.Thus, in particular in the presence of the second state, the further operation of the switching device can be interrupted even after switching off. Additionally or alternatively, corresponding warning signals can be generated which indicate the non-safe operation of the switching device.

Somit ist mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren und der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung der sichere Betrieb eines mehrpoligen Schaltgerätes, wie zum Beispiel eines Schützes, eines Leistungsschalters oder eines Kompaktabzweigs, und insbesondere der sichere Betrieb eines dreipoligen Schaltgerätes gewährleistet.Thus, with the inventive method and the device according to the invention the safe operation of a multi-pole switching device, such as a contactor, a circuit breaker or a compact feeder, and in particular the safe operation of a three-pole switching device guaranteed.

Weitere vorteilhafte Ausführungen und bevorzugte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind den Unteransprüchen zu entnehmen.Further advantageous embodiments and preferred developments of the invention can be found in the dependent claims.

Die Erfindung sowie vorteilhafte Ausführungen derselben werden im Weiteren anhand der nachfolgenden Figuren näher beschrieben. Es zeigen:

FIG 1
ein vereinfachtes Flussdiagramm des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren,
FIG 2
eine erste Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung mit einem verschweißten Hauptkontakt und
FIG 3
eine zweite Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung mit einem verschweißten Hauptkontakt.
The invention and advantageous embodiments thereof are described in more detail below with reference to the following figures. Show it:
FIG. 1
a simplified flow chart of the method according to the invention,
FIG. 2
a first embodiment of the device according to the invention with a welded main contact and
FIG. 3
a second embodiment of the device according to the invention with a welded main contact.

Wie in FIG 1 dargestellt werden bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren im Wesentlichen die beiden folgenden Schritte durchgeführt: Schritt a) Verbleiben eines Freigabemittels für ein Kraftelement zum Aufbrechen der Hauptkontakte in einem ersten Zustand, solange die Hauptkontakte beim Einschalten geschlossen und beim Ausschalten geöffnet werden, und Schritt b) Überführen des Freigabemittels in einen zweiten Zustand, wenn nach dem Ausschalten zumindest einer der Hauptkontakte verschweißt ist. As in FIG. 1 In the method according to the invention, essentially the following two steps are carried out: Step a) Remaining a power element release means for breaking the main contacts in a first state as long as the main contacts are closed at power-up and opened at power-off, and Step b) Conversion of the release means in a second state, if after turning off at least one of the main contacts is welded.

So wird insbesondere nach dem betriebsmäßigen Ausschalten bei einem dreipoligen Schaltgerät mit drei Hauptkontakten zum Schalten von drei Strombahnen überprüft, ob alle Hauptkontakte geöffnet sind. Sind die Kontakte eines Hauptkontaktes verschweißt, so wird das Aufbrechen des betreffenden Hauptkontakts veranlasst.Thus, in particular after the operational shutdown in a three-pole switching device with three main contacts for switching three current paths checks whether all main contacts are open. If the contacts of a main contact are welded, the break-up of the relevant main contact is initiated.

Erfindungsgemäß ist ein Freigabemittel für ein Kraftelement zum Aufbrechen der Hauptkontakte vorgesehen, welches in einem ersten Zustand verbleibt, solange die Hauptkontakte beim Einschalten geschlossen und beim Ausschalten geöffnet werden. Das Freigabemittel wird einem zweiten Zustand übergeführt, wenn nach dem Ausschalten zumindest einer der Hauptkontakte verschweißt ist, das heißt, dass das Freigabemittel in diesem zweiten Zustand das Kraftelement freigibt. Es sind mechanische Mittel zum Überführen des Freigabemittels in den zweiten Zustand vorgesehen, welche mit den Kontaktbrücken und mit dem Freigabemittel in einer Wirkverbindung stehen. Das Freigabemittel kann dabei den weiteren Betrieb des Schaltgerätes unterbrechen, wenn nach dem Ausschalten das Freigabemittel in den zweiten Zustand übergegangen ist.According to the invention a release means for a force element for breaking the main contacts is provided, which remains in a first state, as long as the main contacts are closed when switched on and opened when you turn off. The release means is transferred to a second state, if after turning off at least one of the main contacts is welded, that is, that the release means releases the force element in this second state. There are provided mechanical means for transferring the release agent in the second state, which are in operative connection with the contact bridges and with the release agent. The release agent can interrupt the further operation of the switching device, if after switching off the release agent has moved to the second state.

Am Beispiel eines dreipoligen Schalterschützes werden im Folgenden verschiedene Ausführungsformen der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung näher beschrieben.In the following, various embodiments of the device according to the invention will be described in more detail using the example of a three-pole contactor contactor.

FIG 2 zeigt schematisch den Aufbau eines Schaltgerätes, bei der das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren und die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zum Einsatz kommen. Ein Steuermagnet 2, der als elektromagnetischer Antrieb für die Hauptkontakte 1 dient, kann über die Klemmen A1 und A2 zum Ein- und Ausschalten mit Strom versorgt werden. Beim Einschalten wird üblicherweise eine Erregerspule 19 des Steuermagneten 2 erregt, beim Ausschalten dagegen entregt. Im Beispiel der FIG 2 ist der Steuermagnet 2 entregt. Das Schaltgerät befindet sich somit im ausgeschalteten Zustand. Die Hauptkontakte 1 werden dabei durch die von einer Rückstellfeder 29 des elektromagnetischen Antriebs 2 auf die Kontaktbrücken einwirkende Kraft geöffnet, und damit die Verbraucher von der Versorgungseinrichtung, hier durch die drei Polbahnen L1-L3 gekennzeichnet, getrennt. FIG. 2 schematically shows the structure of a switching device in which the inventive method and the inventive Device used. A control magnet 2, which serves as an electromagnetic drive for the main contacts 1, can be supplied via the terminals A1 and A2 for switching on and off with power. When switching an excitation coil 19 of the control magnet 2 is usually energized, but de-energized when turned off. In the example of FIG. 2 the control magnet 2 is de-energized. The switching device is thus in the off state. The main contacts 1 are thereby opened by the force acting on the contact bridges by a return spring 29 of the electromagnetic drive 2, and thus the consumers of the supply device, here by the three pole paths L1-L3, separated.

Gemäß der gezeigten FIG 2 wirkt beim Ausschalten ein Anker 12 des Steuermagneten 2 über einen Winkelhebel 7, einen Betätigungsschieber 6 und einen großen Schwenkhebel 5 sowie einen kleinen Schwenkhebel 4 auf die Kontaktschieber 3. Der große Schwenkhebel 5 betätigt mit seinem gezeigten rechten Hebelarm den zur Polbahn L3 gehörenden Kontaktschieber 3. Im linken Hebelarm des großen Schwenkhebels 5 ist mittig der kleine Schwenkhebel 4 in einem Drehpunkt 23 gelenkig gelagert. Der linke Hebelarm des kleinen Schwenkhebels 4 betätigt dabei den Kontaktschieber 3 der linken Polbahn L1 und der rechte Hebelarm des kleinen Schwenkhebels 4 den Kontaktschieber 3 der mittleren Polbahn L2. Der große Schwenkhebel 5 ist in einem zwischen den Hebelarmen angeordneten weiteren Drehpunkt 24 im unteren Teil des Betätigungsschiebers 6 gelagert. Über geräteseitig feststehende Lager, über Drehpunkte 23, 24 und Schwenkhebel 4, 5 ist somit ein Ausgleich der jeweiligen Betätigungsbewegungen der Kontaktschieber 3 möglich.As shown FIG. 2 acts when you turn off an armature 12 of the control magnet 2 via an angle lever 7, an actuating slide 6 and a large pivot lever 5 and a small pivot lever 4 on the contact slide 3. The large pivot lever 5 is actuated with its right lever arm shown belonging to the pole path L3 contact slide. 3 In the left lever arm of the large pivot lever 5, the small pivot lever 4 is pivotally mounted in a center pivot 23 in the center. The left lever arm of the small pivot lever 4 thereby actuates the contact slide 3 of the left pole path L1 and the right lever arm of the small pivot lever 4, the contact slide 3 of the middle pole path L2. The large pivoting lever 5 is mounted in a disposed between the lever arms further pivot point 24 in the lower part of the actuating slide 6. About the device side fixed bearing, via pivot points 23, 24 and pivot lever 4, 5 is thus a balance of the respective actuation movements of the contact slide 3 possible.

Im Beispiel der FIG 2 ist des Weiteren ein Fehlerfall dargestellt. Hier ist zumindest ein Hauptkontakt 1, im vorliegenden Fall der Kontakt 1' und 1" der Polbahn L3, verschweißt. Die anderen beiden Hauptkontakte 1 der Polbahnen L1 und L2 haben sich dagegen nach dem Ausschalten geöffnet. Da die Kontaktstelle 1 der Polbahn L3 verschweißt ist, ist der Kontaktschieber 3 der Polbahn L3 blockiert. Sowohl der kleine Schwenkhebel 4 als auch der große Schwenkhebel 5 schwenken nun aber so, dass dennoch zumindest die Kontaktstellen der Polbahnen L1 und L2 geöffnet werden.In the example of FIG. 2 Furthermore, an error is shown. Here, at least one main contact 1, in this case the contact 1 'and 1 "of the pole path L3, is welded in. The other two main contacts 1 of the pole paths L1 and L2, on the other hand, have opened after being switched off since the contact point 1 of the pole path L3 is welded , the contact slide 3 of the pole path L3 is blocked Swing lever 4 and the large pivot lever 5 but now swing so that nevertheless at least the contact points of the pole paths L1 and L2 are opened.

Gemäß der Erfindung führen nun mechanische Mittel 3-5, 16, 17 das Freigabemittel S in den zweiten Zustand über, wobei die mechanischen Mittel 3-4, 16, 17 mit den Kontaktbrücken und mit dem Freigabemittel S in einer Wirkverbindung stehen. Das Freigabemittel S, hier im Beispiel der FIG 2 als Sperrschieber realisiert, steht über eine Verbindungslasche 17 und über eine Ausgleichsplatte 16 mit einem weiteren oberen Hebelarm des großen Schwenkhebels 5 sowie mit dem kleinen Schwenkhebel 4 und mit den Kontaktschiebern 3 in einer mechanischen Wirkverbindung. Der weitere obere Hebelarm des großen Schwenkhebels 5 ist mittels eines Bolzens 25 in einem Langloch 15 in der Ausgleichsplatte 16 so geführt, dass der Bolzen 25 im Langloch 15 anschlägt, wenn einer Hauptkontakte 1 verschweißt ist, so dass die beiden Schwenkhebel 4, 5 eine Ausgleichsschwenkung zueinander ausführen können. Die durch die Ausgleichsschwenkung bewirkte Kraft wird über den Anschlag auf die Ausgleichsplatte 16 übertragen, die ihrerseits durch eine Ausgleichsbewegung die Verbindungslasche 17 verschiebt. Schließlich betätigt die Verbindungslasche 17 das Freigabemittel S bzw. den Sperrschieber. Der Sperrschieber S gibt dadurch ein Kraftelement 10, wie z.B. den in der FIG 2 gezeigten Federspeicher 10, frei. Der Federspeicher 10 wirkt über einen eines Stößels 8 auf die Oberseite des Betätigungsschiebers 6 mit einer entsprechenden Kraft F. Ein Teil dieser Kraft wirkt dann als Aufbrechkraft FA auf den Kontaktschieber 3 des verschweißten Hauptkontakts 1. Die Ausgleichsbewegung des oberen Schenkels des großen Schwenkhebels 5 nach oben wird dann durch den Bolzen 25 im Langloch 15 beschränkt. Der Bolzen 25 wirkt für den großen Schwenkhebel 5 dort als Drehmomentenstütze.According to the invention, mechanical means 3-5, 16, 17 now transfer the release agent S into the second state, the mechanical means 3-4, 16, 17 being in operative connection with the contact bridges and with the release means S. The release agent S, here in the example of FIG. 2 realized as a locking slide, is connected via a connecting plate 17 and a balance plate 16 with a further upper lever arm of the large pivot lever 5 and with the small pivot lever 4 and with the contact slides 3 in a mechanical operative connection. The further upper lever arm of the large pivot lever 5 is guided by a bolt 25 in a slot 15 in the balance plate 16 so that the bolt 25 abuts the slot 15 when a main contacts 1 is welded, so that the two pivot levers 4, 5 a Ausgleichsschwenkung can perform to each other. The force caused by the compensation pivoting force is transmitted via the stop on the compensating plate 16, which in turn shifts the connecting plate 17 by a compensating movement. Finally, the connecting tab 17 actuates the release means S or the locking slide. The locking slide S is characterized by a force element 10, such as those in the FIG. 2 shown spring store 10, free. Part of this force then acts as Aufbrechkraft FA on the contact slide 3 of the welded main contact 1. The compensating movement of the upper leg of the large pivoting lever 5 upwards is then limited by the bolt 25 in the slot 15. The bolt 25 acts there for the large pivot lever 5 as a torque arm.

Im gezeigten Fehlerfall wird der Federspeicher 10 dadurch freigegeben, dass ein Sperrzahn 13 des Sperrschiebers S aus einem Rückhaltesteg 14 des Stößels 8 ausrückt. Im ordnungsgemäßen Betrieb, bei dem sich das Freigabemittel S im ersten Zustand befindet, ist somit der Federspeicher 10, welche als Zylinderfeder beispielhaft realisiert ist, vorgespannt.In the case of error shown, the spring accumulator 10 is released by a locking tooth 13 of the locking slide S disengages from a retaining web 14 of the plunger 8. In the proper Operation in which the release means S is in the first state, thus the spring accumulator 10, which is realized as a cylinder spring example, biased.

In der FIG 2 ist gerade der Zustand des Schaltgeräts dargestellt, bei dem der Federspeicher 10 ausgelöst hat und gerade noch nicht die verschweißten Kontakte 1, 1" des Hauptkontakts 1 der rechten Strombahn L3 aufgetrennt hat.In the FIG. 2 is just the state of the switching device shown in which the spring accumulator has triggered 10 and just has not separated the welded contacts 1, 1 "of the main contact 1 of the right current path L3.

Zur Unterbindung des weiteren Betriebs sind dann entsprechende Maßnahmen, wie beispielsweise die Blockierung der weiteren Ansteuerung des Steuermagneten 2 oder das Entklinken eines entsprechend starken Kraftspeichers 10 zum Aufbrechen des verschweißten Kontakts 1',1" durchzuführen. Idealerweise sollte in einem solchen Fehlerfall der weitere Betrieb des Schaltgerätes bis zu einer Rücksetzung durch den Anwender blockiert werden.To prevent further operation, appropriate measures are then to be carried out, such as the blocking of the further actuation of the control magnet 2 or the unlatching of a correspondingly strong force accumulator 10 to rupture the welded contact 1 ', 1 " Switching device are blocked until a reset by the user.

Gemäß der Erfindung kann das Freigabemittel S den weiteren Betrieb des Schaltgerätes unterbrechen, wenn nach dem Ausschalten das Freigabemittel S, wie gezeigt, in den zweiten Zustand übergegangen ist. Im Beispiel der vorliegenden FIG 2 ist dabei die vom Kraftelement 10 auf den Betätigungsschieber 6 wirkende Kraft F so groß, dass der Steuermagnet 2 diese beim Einschalten nicht überwinden kann. Die Hauptkontakte 1 bleiben weiterhin geöffnet.According to the invention, the release means S can interrupt the further operation of the switching device, if after releasing the release means S, as shown, has moved to the second state. In the example of the present FIG. 2 In this case, the force F acting on the actuating slide 6 by the force element 10 is so great that the control magnet 2 can not overcome this when switching on. The main contacts 1 remain open.

Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann das Freigabemittel S oder eine mit diesem in Wirkverbindung stehende Komponente einen elektrischen Schalter U betätigen. Über diesen Kontakt U kann ein Meldesignal ausgegeben werden. Die elektrischen Anschlüsse 27, 28 können aber auch in Reihe zur Stromversorgung der Erregerspule 29 des Steuermagneten 2 geschaltet sein, so dass nach Übergang des Freigabemittels S in den zweiten Zustand die Stromversorgung durch den elektrischen Schalter U bei einem Einschaltversuch unterbrochen bleibt. Die Hauptkontakte 1 bleiben weiterhin geöffnet.Alternatively or additionally, the release means S or a standing in operative connection with this component actuate an electrical switch U. About this contact U, a message signal can be output. The electrical connections 27, 28 can also be connected in series with the power supply of the exciter coil 29 of the control magnet 2, so that after passing the release means S in the second state, the power supply is interrupted by the electrical switch U at a switch-on. The main contacts 1 remain open.

FIG 3 zeigt eine zweite Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung mit einem verschweißten Hauptkontakt 1. FIG 3 zeigt dabei eine Abwandlung der in FIG 2 dargestellten Ausführungsform. Im Unterschied zu FIG 2 stützen sich die Kontaktlastfedern 11 nicht an einem Gehäuse des Schaltgerätes, sondern im Kontaktschieber 3 selbst. Dazu sind die drei Kontaktschieber 3 mittels Lager und Bolzen 23, 24 und 30 mit den Schwenkhebeln 4, 5 gelenkig verbunden. FIG. 3 shows a second embodiment of the device according to the invention with a welded main contact. 1 FIG. 3 shows a modification of the in FIG. 2 illustrated embodiment. In contrast to FIG. 2 support the contact load springs 11 not on a housing of the switching device, but in the contact slide 3 itself. For this purpose, the three contact slide 3 by means of bearings and bolts 23, 24 and 30 with the pivot levers 4, 5 articulated.

Claims (9)

  1. Method for safe operation of a switching device having at least two main contacts (1) which can be connected and disconnected and each have contact pieces and a moving contact link, and having at least one control magnet (2) which has a moving armature (12), with the armature (12) acting on the contact link during connection and disconnection such that the corresponding main contact (1) is closed and opened, having the following steps:
    a) a release means (S) for a force element (10) for breaking open the main contacts (1) remains in a first state for as long as the main contacts (1) are closed during connection and are open during disconnection, and
    b) the release means (S) is changed to a second state if at least one of the main contacts (1) is welded after disconnection.
  2. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the release means (S) is changed to the second state via mechanical means (3-5, 16, 17) which are operatively connected to the contact links and to the release means (S).
  3. Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that further operation of the switching device is interrupted if the release means (S) has been changed to the second state after disconnection.
  4. Apparatus for safe operation of a switching device, with the switching device having at least two main contacts (1) which can be connected and disconnected and each have contact pieces and a moving contact link, and having at least one control magnet (2) which has a moving armature (12), with the armature (12) acting on the contact link during connection and disconnection such that the corresponding main contact (1) is closed and opened, characterized in that a release means (S) is provided for a force element (10) for breaking open the main contacts (1), which release means (S) remains in a first state for as long as the main contacts (1) are closed during connection and are open during disconnection, and which is changed to a second state if at least one of the main contacts (1) is welded after disconnection.
  5. Apparatus according to Claim 4, characterized in that mechanical means (3-5, 16, 17) are provided for changing the release means (S) to the second state, with the mechanical means (3-5, 16, 17) being operatively connected to the contact links and to the release means (S).
  6. Apparatus according to Claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the release means (S) interrupts further operation of the switching device if the release means (S) has been changed to the second state after disconnection.
  7. Switching device which carries out the method according to one of Claims 1 to 3 for safe switching of loads, with the switching device being a contactor, a circuit breaker or a compact outgoer.
  8. Switching device for safe switching of loads having an apparatus according to one of Claims 4 to 6, with the switching device being a contactor, a circuit breaker or a compact outgoer.
  9. Switching device according to Claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the switching device is a three-pole switching device with three main contacts (1) for connection and disconnection of three current paths (L1-L3) with one control magnet (2).
EP05823788A 2004-12-23 2005-12-22 Method and device for the secure operation of a switching device Not-in-force EP1829064B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102004062269A DE102004062269A1 (en) 2004-12-23 2004-12-23 Method and device for safe operation of a switching device
PCT/EP2005/057078 WO2006069960A1 (en) 2004-12-23 2005-12-22 Method and device for the secure operation of a switching device

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EP1829064A1 EP1829064A1 (en) 2007-09-05
EP1829064B1 true EP1829064B1 (en) 2010-07-28

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EP05823788A Not-in-force EP1829064B1 (en) 2004-12-23 2005-12-22 Method and device for the secure operation of a switching device

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US (1) US7760055B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1829064B1 (en)
CN (1) CN101084562B (en)
AT (1) ATE475977T1 (en)
DE (3) DE102004062269A1 (en)
WO (2) WO2006069955A2 (en)

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DE502005010022D1 (en) 2010-09-09
US7760055B2 (en) 2010-07-20
CN101084562B (en) 2010-05-26
US20080129430A1 (en) 2008-06-05
DE112005003109B4 (en) 2017-04-13
WO2006069955A2 (en) 2006-07-06
EP1829064A1 (en) 2007-09-05
WO2006069955A3 (en) 2006-08-24
CN101084562A (en) 2007-12-05
DE112005003109A5 (en) 2008-01-10
DE102004062269A1 (en) 2006-07-13
WO2006069960A1 (en) 2006-07-06
ATE475977T1 (en) 2010-08-15

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