EP1828588B1 - Thermodynamic machine with continuously circulating refrigerant - Google Patents

Thermodynamic machine with continuously circulating refrigerant Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1828588B1
EP1828588B1 EP05826013A EP05826013A EP1828588B1 EP 1828588 B1 EP1828588 B1 EP 1828588B1 EP 05826013 A EP05826013 A EP 05826013A EP 05826013 A EP05826013 A EP 05826013A EP 1828588 B1 EP1828588 B1 EP 1828588B1
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outlet
enclosure
circuit
thermodynamic machine
variable
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French (fr)
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EP1828588A2 (en
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Gérard Murat
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a thermodynamic machine using a refrigerant and operating according to the Carnot principle.
  • the object of the invention is a thermodynamic machine operating as a motor or pump for converting a heat energy into a mechanical energy.
  • a thermodynamic machine is described in WO 03/031776 .
  • thermodynamic machines In the state of the art, various types of thermodynamic machines are known.
  • the document WO 03/031 776 discloses a thermodynamic machine having a heat exchanger with a portion of a circulation circuit of a refrigerant.
  • the machine also comprises two variable volume speakers operating in opposition and connected to the hot outlet of the exchanger.
  • the speaker outputs are connected, via a chiller and a pump, to the cold input of the heat exchanger.
  • a disadvantage of such a machine lies in the need to implement a pump for the circulation of the refrigerant, which reduces the efficiency of such a thermodynamic machine.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a thermodynamic machine designed to operate autonomously from a hot source raising the temperature of a refrigerant.
  • Another object of the invention is to propose a thermodynamic machine having a higher yield than known thermodynamic machines.
  • the machine comprises at least one variable volume chamber controlled by the output system being interposed between the cold input of the circuit and the outlet of the cooler, such a chamber ensuring, for a cycle of operation of the enclosure, reinjecting the liquid in the exchanger to maintain the pressure at the hot outlet of the circuit at a substantially constant value.
  • thermodynamic machine comprises a second variable-volume chamber whose input is connected to the hot output of the circuit and the output of which is connected to the input of the cooler, this second enclosure acting on a movable member mounted in opposition to the movable member of the first enclosure, to communicate its movement to the output system.
  • variable-volume chamber has a variable volume that is smaller than the volume of the first and / or second chamber in a ratio depending on the characteristics of the fluid used making it possible to equal the mass of the displaced gas. and the mass of displaced liquid.
  • variable volume chamber is controlled by a piston actuated by the outlet system and having a section adapted to reinject the liquid into the heat exchanger.
  • thermodynamic machine comprises controlled shutters associated with the input-output of the speakers and the chamber.
  • the shutters are controlled by means controlled by the movement of the output system.
  • the output system comprises an output shaft equipped with a crankshaft on which are connected the movable members of the speakers, the output shaft being provided with cams for controlling the shutters.
  • the output shaft acts on the piston of the variable volume chamber through a gear multiplier system.
  • the cold inlet and the hot outlet of the circulation circuit are equipped with controlled shutters whose operation is synchronized with the operation of the controlled shutters associated with the speakers and the chamber.
  • the Fig. 1 is a principle view of an exemplary embodiment of a thermodynamic machine according to the invention.
  • the Fig. 2 is a schematic view of an output system of a thermodynamic machine illustrated in FIG. Fig. 1 .
  • thermodynamic machine 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a thermodynamic machine 1 according to the invention comprising a closed circulation circuit 2 for a refrigerant such as for example the refrigerant gas R 407.
  • the thermodynamic machine 1 comprises a hot source such as a heat exchanger of heat 3 with a portion 2 1 of the circulation circuit of the refrigerant 2.
  • the heat exchanger 3 makes it possible to raise the temperature of the refrigerant to a temperature of, for example, between 60 and 100 ° C., adapted to increase the pressure of the refrigerant by up to 40 to 50 bars when it is confined in a closed chamber.
  • the heat exchanger 3 is of the solar type, with industrial cooling water, flue gas, etc.
  • the circulation circuit 2 comprises at the inlet of the exchanger 3, a cold inlet 2f and at the outlet of the exchanger, a hot outlet 2c.
  • the entrance cold 2f and the hot outlet 2c are respectively equipped with controlled shutters 4f, 4c.
  • the thermodynamic machine 1 also comprises at least a first and in the example a first 5 1 and a second 5 2 variable volume speakers.
  • Each variable volume chamber 5 1 , 5 2 has a volume closed by at least one deformable wall for varying the pressure and volume inside the closed chamber.
  • Such a variable volume chamber 5 1 , 5 2 or capsulism can be made in any suitable manner such membrane, turbine or piston.
  • each enclosure 5 1 , 5 2 is constituted by a cylinder 6 1 , 6 2 closed by a respective piston 7 1 and 7 2 .
  • Each enclosure 5 1 , 5 2 is intended to be supplied with refrigerant by an inlet respectively 8 1 , 8 2 connected to the hot outlet 2c via a portion 2 2 and 2 3 respectively of the circuit 2.
  • Each piston 7 1 , 7 2 communicates its movement to an output system 10 of any type whose movement energy can be used directly or transformed for various applications.
  • the output system 10 comprises a rotating output shaft 11 equipped with a crankshaft 12 on which are fixed the rods of the pistons 7 1 , 7 2 .
  • the rods of the pistons 7 1 , 7 2 are mounted on the same axis so as to operate in opposition, that is to say that when an enclosure has a minimum volume, the other enclosure has a maximum volume.
  • Each enclosure 5 1, 5 2, respectively, has an outlet 12 1, 12 2 for the refrigerant, connected by a part 2 4, 2 5 to the inlet 14 of a cooler 15.
  • the circulating circuit 2 thus comprises a portion 27 advantageously extending in relation to the cooler 15.
  • the cooler 15 makes it possible to return the refrigerant from the gaseous state to the liquid state so that it settles inside the cooler 15, a zone liquid surmounted by a gaseous sky.
  • the cooler 15 has an outlet 16 located at the level of the liquid zone and connected to the cold inlet 2f of the heat exchanger 3 via a portion 28 of the circuit 2.
  • the inputs and outputs of the speakers 5 1 and 5 2 are equipped with shutters respectively controlled E 1 , E 2 , S 1 , S 2 of any type known per se such as valves or distributors.
  • These controlled shutters E 1 , E 2 , S 1 , S 2 are advantageously controlled by means 17 controlled by the movement of the output system 10.
  • the output shaft 11 is provided with cams to act directly or indirectly on the shutters according to a cycle of operation which will be described more precisely in the following description.
  • these means 17 controlled by the output system 10 can also drive the controlled shutters 4f, 4c.
  • these controlled shutters 4f, 4c can also be controlled by the refrigerant pressure. In this case, the shutters 4f, 4c are nonreturn valves.
  • the cooler 15 which constitutes the cold source of the thermodynamic machine 1 is of any type known per se for lowering the temperature of the refrigerant and consequently lowering its pressure. It should be noted that the expansion of the refrigerant inevitably involves an absorption of calories producing cold which advantageously can be recovered by the cooler.
  • the thermodynamic machine 1 also comprises at least one variable volume chamber 21 controlled by the outlet system 10, being interposed between the cold inlet 2f of the circuit and the outlet 16 of the cooler 15.
  • the chamber variable volume 21 is constituted by a piston 21 1 and a cylinder 21 2 which is provided, on the one hand, with an inlet 22 connected by a portion 29 of the circuit 2 to the outlet 16 of the cooler and on the other hand , an output 23 connected to the cold input 2f of the circuit by the portion 28 of the circuit.
  • the inlet 22 and the outlet 23 of the chamber 21 are equipped with shutters respectively E 3 , S 3 also controlled by the outlet system 10, such as by cams 17.
  • variable volume chamber 21 has a variable volume less than the volume of the first and / or second chamber in a ratio established according to the characteristics of the fluid used and allowing to have a balance between the mass of the gas moved, that is to say, entering the cooler 15 and the mass of liquid moved on the piston.
  • the piston 21 1 associated with this chamber, has a section as small as possible, so that the force required to inject the liquid in the portion 28 of the circuit is as low as possible, in order to maintain the maximum of energy on the output shaft 11.
  • the piston 21 1 is controlled by the outlet system 10, so as to ensure, for an operating cycle of an enclosure 5 1 , 5 2 , the reinjection of the refrigerant into the heat exchanger 3 to maintain the pressure at the hot output 2c of the circuit at a substantially constant value.
  • the piston 21 1 thus makes it possible to reinject, in small quantities, the refrigerant liquid into the heat exchanger 3.
  • the piston 21 1 is connected to the output shaft 11 by means of a speed multiplier system 30.
  • the piston of the chamber 21 makes a return trip while a piston of a chamber 5 1 , 5 2 performs a race in a specific direction.
  • thermodynamic machine derives directly from the foregoing description.
  • the refrigerant placed in the part 2 1 of the circuit sees its temperature increased, its pressure increased and eventually changes state. It should be noted that the shutters E 1 , S 2 , E 3 , S 3 are considered open while the shutters E 1 , E 2 and S 1 are closed.
  • the refrigerant When the refrigerant reaches a determined pressure value, for example between 30 and 50 bar, the refrigerant enters the first chamber 5 1 to ensure the thrust of the piston 7 1 and the movement of the output shaft 11 the output system. At the same time, piston 7 2 flushes the fluid contained in the chamber 5 2 towards the cooler 15.
  • a determined pressure value for example between 30 and 50 bar
  • variable volume chamber 21 has, during the forward stroke of the piston 7 1 , a round trip that has returned a portion of the fluid in the exchanger 3.
  • the variable volume chamber 21 thus allows ensure the reduction of the pressure of the refrigerant in the hot part of the circuit for injecting the refrigerant at a temperature lowered in the heat exchanger 3. It follows that the refrigerant having filled the heat exchanger 3 sees its temperature and pressure increased. Insofar as the pressure at the hot outlet 2 is lower than the pressure of the refrigerant in the exchanger 3, refrigerant can be injected into the hot outlet 2 from the exchanger 3.
  • variable volume chamber 21 injects the refrigerant into the exchanger 3, so that the pressure at the hot outlet 2 returns to its nominal value, that is to say, is kept at a substantially constant value.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)
  • Confectionery (AREA)
  • Other Air-Conditioning Systems (AREA)

Description

La présente invention concerne une machine thermodynamique mettant en oeuvre un fluide frigorigène et fonctionnant selon le principe de Carnot.The present invention relates to a thermodynamic machine using a refrigerant and operating according to the Carnot principle.

L'objet de l'invention vise une machine thermodynamique fonctionnant en moteur ou en pompe permettant de transformer une énergie calorifique en une énergie mécanique. Une telle machine thermodynamique est décrite dans WO 03/031776 .The object of the invention is a thermodynamic machine operating as a motor or pump for converting a heat energy into a mechanical energy. Such a thermodynamic machine is described in WO 03/031776 .

Dans l'état de la technique, il est connu divers types de machines thermodynamiques. Par exemple, le document WO 03/031 776 décrit une machine thermodynamique comportant un échangeur de chaleur avec une partie d'un circuit de circulation d'un fluide frigorigène. La machine comporte, également, deux enceintes à volume variable fonctionnant en opposition et reliées à la sortie chaude de l'échangeur. Les sorties des enceintes sont reliées, via un refroidisseur et une pompe, à l'entrée froide de l'échangeur de chaleur. Un inconvénient d'une telle machine réside dans la nécessité de mettre en oeuvre une pompe pour la circulation du fluide frigorigène, ce qui réduit le rendement d'une telle machine thermodynamique.In the state of the art, various types of thermodynamic machines are known. For example, the document WO 03/031 776 discloses a thermodynamic machine having a heat exchanger with a portion of a circulation circuit of a refrigerant. The machine also comprises two variable volume speakers operating in opposition and connected to the hot outlet of the exchanger. The speaker outputs are connected, via a chiller and a pump, to the cold input of the heat exchanger. A disadvantage of such a machine lies in the need to implement a pump for the circulation of the refrigerant, which reduces the efficiency of such a thermodynamic machine.

L'objet de l'invention vise à proposer une machine thermodynamique conçue pour fonctionner de manière autonome à partir d'une source chaude élevant la température d'un fluide frigorigène.The object of the invention is to provide a thermodynamic machine designed to operate autonomously from a hot source raising the temperature of a refrigerant.

Un autre objet de l'invention vise à proposer une machine thermodynamique présentant un rendement supérieur aux machines thermodynamiques connues.Another object of the invention is to propose a thermodynamic machine having a higher yield than known thermodynamic machines.

Pour atteindre un tel objectif, la machine thermodynamique selon l'invention comporte :

  • ■ un circuit fermé de circulation pour un fluide frigorigène,
  • ■ un échangeur de chaleur avec une partie du circuit de circulation du fluide frigorigène, présentant, à l'entrée de l'échangeur, une entrée froide et, à la sortie de l'échangeur, une sortie chaude,
  • ■ au moins une première enceinte à volume variable dont l'entrée est reliée à la sortie chaude du circuit et dont la sortie est reliée à l'entrée d'un refroidisseur, l'enceinte agissant sur un organe mobile communiquant son mouvement à un système de sortie,
  • ■ et un refroidisseur, interposé entre la sortie de l'enceinte et l'entrée froide du circuit.
To achieve such an objective, the thermodynamic machine according to the invention comprises:
  • A closed circulation circuit for a refrigerant,
  • A heat exchanger with a portion of the refrigerant circulation circuit, having, at the inlet of the exchanger, a cold inlet and, at the outlet of the exchanger, a hot outlet,
  • At least one first variable volume chamber whose input is connected to the hot output of the circuit and whose output is connected to the input of a cooler, the chamber acting on a mobile member communicating its movement to a system Release,
  • And a cooler, interposed between the output of the enclosure and the cold input of the circuit.

Selon invention, la machine comporte au moins une chambre à volume variable commandée par le système de sortie en étant interposé entre l'entrée froide du circuit et la sortie du refroidisseur, une telle chambre assurant, pour un cycle de fonctionnement de l'enceinte, la réinjection du liquide dans l'échangeur pour maintenir la pression à la sortie chaude du circuit à une valeur sensiblement constante.According to the invention, the machine comprises at least one variable volume chamber controlled by the output system being interposed between the cold input of the circuit and the outlet of the cooler, such a chamber ensuring, for a cycle of operation of the enclosure, reinjecting the liquid in the exchanger to maintain the pressure at the hot outlet of the circuit at a substantially constant value.

Selon une variante préférée de réalisation, la machine thermodynamique comporte une deuxième enceinte à volume variable dont l'entrée est reliée à la sortie chaude du circuit et dont la sortie est reliée à l'entrée du refroidisseur, cette deuxième enceinte agissant sur un organe mobile monté, en opposition par rapport à l'organe mobile de la première enceinte, pour communiquer son mouvement au système de sortie.According to a preferred variant embodiment, the thermodynamic machine comprises a second variable-volume chamber whose input is connected to the hot output of the circuit and the output of which is connected to the input of the cooler, this second enclosure acting on a movable member mounted in opposition to the movable member of the first enclosure, to communicate its movement to the output system.

Selon une variante avantageuse de réalisation, la chambre à volume variable possède un volume variable inférieur au volume de la première et/ou de la deuxième enceinte dans un rapport dépendant des caractéristiques du fluide utilisé permettant d'avoir une égalité entre la masse du gaz déplacé et la masse du liquide déplacé.According to an advantageous variant embodiment, the variable-volume chamber has a variable volume that is smaller than the volume of the first and / or second chamber in a ratio depending on the characteristics of the fluid used making it possible to equal the mass of the displaced gas. and the mass of displaced liquid.

De préférence, la chambre à volume variable est commandée par un piston actionné par le système de sortie et présentant une section adaptée pour réinjecter le liquide dans l'échangeur de chaleur.Preferably, the variable volume chamber is controlled by a piston actuated by the outlet system and having a section adapted to reinject the liquid into the heat exchanger.

Avantageusement, la machine thermodynamique comporte des obturateurs commandés associés aux entrées-sorties des enceintes et de la chambre.Advantageously, the thermodynamic machine comprises controlled shutters associated with the input-output of the speakers and the chamber.

Par exemple, les obturateurs sont commandés par des moyens pilotés par le mouvement du système de sortie.For example, the shutters are controlled by means controlled by the movement of the output system.

Selon un exemple de réalisation, le système de sortie comporte un arbre de sortie équipé d'un vilebrequin sur lequel sont reliés les organes mobiles des enceintes, l'arbre de sortie étant pourvu de cames permettant de commander les obturateurs.According to an exemplary embodiment, the output system comprises an output shaft equipped with a crankshaft on which are connected the movable members of the speakers, the output shaft being provided with cams for controlling the shutters.

De préférence, l'arbre de sortie agit sur le piston de la chambre à volume variable par l'intermédiaire d'un système multiplicateur de vitesses.Preferably, the output shaft acts on the piston of the variable volume chamber through a gear multiplier system.

Avantageusement, l'entrée froide et la sortie chaude du circuit de circulation sont équipées d'obturateurs commandés dont le fonctionnement est synchronisé avec le fonctionnement des obturateurs commandés associés aux enceintes et à la chambre.Advantageously, the cold inlet and the hot outlet of the circulation circuit are equipped with controlled shutters whose operation is synchronized with the operation of the controlled shutters associated with the speakers and the chamber.

Diverses autres caractéristiques ressortent de la description faite ci-dessous en référence aux dessins annexés qui montrent, à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, des formes de réalisation de l'objet de l'invention.Various other characteristics appear from the description given below with reference to the accompanying drawings which show, by way of non-limiting examples, embodiments of the subject of the invention.

La fig. 1 est une vue de principe d'un exemple de réalisation d'une machine thermodynamique conforme à l'invention.The Fig. 1 is a principle view of an exemplary embodiment of a thermodynamic machine according to the invention.

La fig. 2 est une vue schématique d'un système de sortie d'une machine thermodynamique illustrée à la fig. 1 . The Fig. 2 is a schematic view of an output system of a thermodynamic machine illustrated in FIG. Fig. 1 .

Les fig. 1 et 2 illustrent un exemple de réalisation d'une machine thermodynamique 1 conforme à l'invention comportant un circuit fermé 2 de circulation pour un fluide frigorigène tel que par exemple le gaz réfrigérant R 407. La machine thermodynamique 1 comporte une source chaude telle qu'un échangeur de chaleur 3 avec une partie 21 du circuit de circulation du fluide frigorigène 2. The Fig. 1 and 2 illustrate an exemplary embodiment of a thermodynamic machine 1 according to the invention comprising a closed circulation circuit 2 for a refrigerant such as for example the refrigerant gas R 407. The thermodynamic machine 1 comprises a hot source such as a heat exchanger of heat 3 with a portion 2 1 of the circulation circuit of the refrigerant 2.

L'échangeur de chaleur 3 permet d'élever la température du fluide frigorigène à une température par exemple comprise entre 60 et 100°C adaptée pour augmenter la pression du fluide frigorigène pouvant atteindre 40 à 50 bars lorsqu'il est confiné dans une enceinte fermée. Par exemple, l'échangeur de chaleur 3 est du type solaire, à eau de refroidissement industriel, conduit de fumées, etc.The heat exchanger 3 makes it possible to raise the temperature of the refrigerant to a temperature of, for example, between 60 and 100 ° C., adapted to increase the pressure of the refrigerant by up to 40 to 50 bars when it is confined in a closed chamber. . For example, the heat exchanger 3 is of the solar type, with industrial cooling water, flue gas, etc.

Le circuit de circulation 2 comporte en entrée de l'échangeur 3, une entrée froide 2f et en sortie de l'échangeur, une sortie chaude 2c. L'entrée froide 2f et la sortie chaude 2c sont équipées respectivement d'obturateurs commandés 4f, 4c. The circulation circuit 2 comprises at the inlet of the exchanger 3, a cold inlet 2f and at the outlet of the exchanger, a hot outlet 2c. The entrance cold 2f and the hot outlet 2c are respectively equipped with controlled shutters 4f, 4c.

La machine thermodynamique 1 comporte également au moins une première et dans l'exemple une première 51 et une deuxième 52 enceintes à volume variable. Chaque enceinte à volume variable 51, 52 présente un volume fermé par au moins une paroi déformable permettant de faire varier la pression et le volume à l'intérieur de l'enceinte fermée. Une telle enceinte à volume variable 51, 52 ou capsulisme peut être réalisée de toute manière appropriée telle par membrane, turbine ou piston. Dans l'exemple illustré sur les dessins, chaque enceinte 51, 52 est constituée par un cylindre 61, 62 fermé par un piston respectivement 71 et 72. Chaque enceinte 51, 52 est destinée à être alimentée en fluide frigorigène par une entrée respectivement 81, 82 reliée à la sortie chaude 2c par l'intermédiaire d'une partie respectivement 22 et 23 du circuit 2. The thermodynamic machine 1 also comprises at least a first and in the example a first 5 1 and a second 5 2 variable volume speakers. Each variable volume chamber 5 1 , 5 2 has a volume closed by at least one deformable wall for varying the pressure and volume inside the closed chamber. Such a variable volume chamber 5 1 , 5 2 or capsulism can be made in any suitable manner such membrane, turbine or piston. In the example illustrated in the drawings, each enclosure 5 1 , 5 2 is constituted by a cylinder 6 1 , 6 2 closed by a respective piston 7 1 and 7 2 . Each enclosure 5 1 , 5 2 is intended to be supplied with refrigerant by an inlet respectively 8 1 , 8 2 connected to the hot outlet 2c via a portion 2 2 and 2 3 respectively of the circuit 2.

Chaque piston 71, 72 communique son mouvement à un système de sortie 10 de tout type dont l'énergie de mouvement peut être utilisée directement ou transformée pour diverses applications. Dans l'exemple illustré plus particulièrement à la fig. 2 , le système de sortie 10 comporte un axe de sortie tournant 11 équipé d'un vilebrequin 12 sur lequel sont fixées les tiges des pistons 71, 72. Avantageusement, les tiges des pistons 71, 72 sont montées selon un même axe de manière à fonctionner en opposition, c'est-à-dire que lorsqu'une enceinte possède un volume minimal, l'autre enceinte possède un volume maximal.Each piston 7 1 , 7 2 communicates its movement to an output system 10 of any type whose movement energy can be used directly or transformed for various applications. In the example illustrated more particularly in Fig. 2 , the output system 10 comprises a rotating output shaft 11 equipped with a crankshaft 12 on which are fixed the rods of the pistons 7 1 , 7 2 . Advantageously, the rods of the pistons 7 1 , 7 2 are mounted on the same axis so as to operate in opposition, that is to say that when an enclosure has a minimum volume, the other enclosure has a maximum volume.

Chaque enceinte 51, 52 possède respectivement une sortie 121, 122 pour le fluide frigorigène, reliée par une partie 24, 25 à l'entrée 14 d'un refroidisseur 15. Le circuit de circulation 2 comporte ainsi une partie 27 s'étendant en relation du refroidisseur 15. Avantageusement, le refroidisseur 15 permet de ramener le fluide frigorigène de l'état gazeux à l'état liquide de sorte qu'il s'établit à l'intérieur du refroidisseur 15, une zone liquide surmontée d'un ciel gazeux. Le refroidisseur 15 comporte une sortie 16 située au niveau de la zone liquide et reliée à l'entrée froide 2f de l'échangeur de chaleur 3 par l'intermédiaire d'une partie 28 du circuit 2. Each enclosure 5 1, 5 2, respectively, has an outlet 12 1, 12 2 for the refrigerant, connected by a part 2 4, 2 5 to the inlet 14 of a cooler 15. The circulating circuit 2 thus comprises a portion 27 advantageously extending in relation to the cooler 15. Advantageously, the cooler 15 makes it possible to return the refrigerant from the gaseous state to the liquid state so that it settles inside the cooler 15, a zone liquid surmounted by a gaseous sky. The cooler 15 has an outlet 16 located at the level of the liquid zone and connected to the cold inlet 2f of the heat exchanger 3 via a portion 28 of the circuit 2.

Il est à noter que les entrées et les sorties des enceintes 51 et 52 sont équipées d'obturateurs commandés respectivement E1, E2, S1, S2 de tout type connu en soi tels que des soupapes ou des distributeurs. Ces obturateurs commandés E1, E2, S1, S2 sont avantageusement pilotés par des moyens 17 commandés par le mouvement du système de sortie 10. A cet effet, l'arbre de sortie 11 est pourvu de cames permettant d'agir directement ou indirectement sur les obturateurs selon un cycle de fonctionnement qui sera décrit plus précisément dans la suite de la description. Il est à noter que ces moyens 17 commandés par le système de sortie 10 peuvent aussi pilotés les obturateurs commandés 4f, 4c. Toutefois, ces obturateurs commandés 4f, 4c peuvent aussi être pilotés par la pression de fluide frigorigène. Dans ce cas, les obturateurs 4f, 4c sont des clapets anti-retour.It should be noted that the inputs and outputs of the speakers 5 1 and 5 2 are equipped with shutters respectively controlled E 1 , E 2 , S 1 , S 2 of any type known per se such as valves or distributors. These controlled shutters E 1 , E 2 , S 1 , S 2 are advantageously controlled by means 17 controlled by the movement of the output system 10. For this purpose, the output shaft 11 is provided with cams to act directly or indirectly on the shutters according to a cycle of operation which will be described more precisely in the following description. It should be noted that these means 17 controlled by the output system 10 can also drive the controlled shutters 4f, 4c. However, these controlled shutters 4f, 4c can also be controlled by the refrigerant pressure. In this case, the shutters 4f, 4c are nonreturn valves.

Le refroidisseur 15 qui constitue la source froide de la machine thermodynamique 1 est de tout type connu en soi pour abaisser la température du fluide frigorigène et par suite faire baisser sa pression. Il est à noter que la détente du fluide frigorigène entraîne obligatoirement une absorption de calories produisant du froid qui avantageusement peut être récupéré par le refroidisseur.The cooler 15 which constitutes the cold source of the thermodynamic machine 1 is of any type known per se for lowering the temperature of the refrigerant and consequently lowering its pressure. It should be noted that the expansion of the refrigerant inevitably involves an absorption of calories producing cold which advantageously can be recovered by the cooler.

La machine thermodynamique 1 comporte également au moins une chambre à volume variable 21 commandée par le système de sortie 10, en étant interposée entre l'entrée froide 2f du circuit et la sortie 16 du refroidisseur 15. Dans l'exemple illustré, la chambre à volume variable 21 est constituée par un piston 211 et un cylindre 212 qui est pourvu, d'une part, d'une entrée 22 reliée par une partie 29 du circuit 2 à la sortie 16 du refroidisseur et, d'autre part, d'une sortie 23 reliée à l'entrée froide 2f du circuit par la partie 28 du circuit. L'entrée 22 et la sortie 23 de la chambre 21 sont équipées d'obturateurs respectivement E3, S3 commandés également par le système de sortie 10, tel que par des cames 17. The thermodynamic machine 1 also comprises at least one variable volume chamber 21 controlled by the outlet system 10, being interposed between the cold inlet 2f of the circuit and the outlet 16 of the cooler 15. In the illustrated example, the chamber variable volume 21 is constituted by a piston 21 1 and a cylinder 21 2 which is provided, on the one hand, with an inlet 22 connected by a portion 29 of the circuit 2 to the outlet 16 of the cooler and on the other hand , an output 23 connected to the cold input 2f of the circuit by the portion 28 of the circuit. The inlet 22 and the outlet 23 of the chamber 21 are equipped with shutters respectively E 3 , S 3 also controlled by the outlet system 10, such as by cams 17.

De manière avantageuse, la chambre à volume variable 21 possède un volume variable inférieur au volume de la première et/ou de la deuxième enceinte dans un rapport établi en fonction des caractéristiques du fluide utilisé et permettant d'avoir une égalité entre la masse du gaz déplacé, c'est-à-dire rentrant dans le refroidisseur 15 et la masse du liquide déplacé sur le piston. Le piston 211, associé à cette chambre, possède une section aussi faible que possible, afin que l'effort nécessaire à l'injection du liquide dans la partie 28 du circuit soit le plus faible possible, afin de conserver le maximum d'énergie sur l'arbre de sortie 11. Advantageously, the variable volume chamber 21 has a variable volume less than the volume of the first and / or second chamber in a ratio established according to the characteristics of the fluid used and allowing to have a balance between the mass of the gas moved, that is to say, entering the cooler 15 and the mass of liquid moved on the piston. The piston 21 1 , associated with this chamber, has a section as small as possible, so that the force required to inject the liquid in the portion 28 of the circuit is as low as possible, in order to maintain the maximum of energy on the output shaft 11.

Le piston 211 est piloté par le système de sortie 10, de manière à assurer, pour un cycle de fonctionnement d'une enceinte 51, 52, la réinjection du liquide frigorigène dans l'échangeur de chaleur 3 pour maintenir la pression à la sortie chaude 2c du circuit à une valeur sensiblement constante. Le piston 211 permet ainsi de réinjecter, en petites quantités, le liquide frigorigène dans l'échangeur de chaleur 3. The piston 21 1 is controlled by the outlet system 10, so as to ensure, for an operating cycle of an enclosure 5 1 , 5 2 , the reinjection of the refrigerant into the heat exchanger 3 to maintain the pressure at the hot output 2c of the circuit at a substantially constant value. The piston 21 1 thus makes it possible to reinject, in small quantities, the refrigerant liquid into the heat exchanger 3.

Avantageusement, le piston 211 est relié à l'arbre de sortie 11 à l'aide d'un système multiplicateur de vitesses 30. Par exemple, le piston de la chambre 21 effectue un aller-retour pendant qu'un piston d'une chambre 51, 52 effectue une course selon un sens déterminé.Advantageously, the piston 21 1 is connected to the output shaft 11 by means of a speed multiplier system 30. For example, the piston of the chamber 21 makes a return trip while a piston of a chamber 5 1 , 5 2 performs a race in a specific direction.

Le fonctionnement de la machine thermodynamique découle directement de la description qui précède.The operation of the thermodynamic machine derives directly from the foregoing description.

Lors d'une phase de chauffage du fluide frigorigène, le fluide frigorigène placé dans la partie 21 du circuit voit sa température augmentée, sa pression augmentée et change éventuellement d'état. Il est à noter que les obturateurs E1, S2, E3, S3 sont considérés ouverts tandis que les obturateurs E1, E2 et S1 sont fermés.During a heating phase of the refrigerant, the refrigerant placed in the part 2 1 of the circuit sees its temperature increased, its pressure increased and eventually changes state. It should be noted that the shutters E 1 , S 2 , E 3 , S 3 are considered open while the shutters E 1 , E 2 and S 1 are closed.

Lorsque le fluide frigorigène atteint une valeur déterminée de pression, par exemple comprise entre 30 et 50 bars, le fluide frigorigène entre dans la première enceinte 51 permettant d'assurer la poussée du piston 71 et le mouvement de l'arbre de sortie 11 du système de sortie. Simultanément, le piston 72 chasse le fluide contenu dans l'enceinte 52 en direction du refroidisseur 15. When the refrigerant reaches a determined pressure value, for example between 30 and 50 bar, the refrigerant enters the first chamber 5 1 to ensure the thrust of the piston 7 1 and the movement of the output shaft 11 the output system. At the same time, piston 7 2 flushes the fluid contained in the chamber 5 2 towards the cooler 15.

En fin de la course aller du piston 71 et donc de retour du piston 72, les obturateurs E1, S2 sont fermés tandis que les obturateurs E2, S1 sont ouverts permettant la poursuite du cycle tel que décrit ci-dessus avec inversion des fonctions ou des rôles entre les enceintes 51, 52. At the end of the forward stroke of the piston 7 1 and thus the return of the piston 7 2 , the shutters E 1 , S 2 are closed while the shutters E 2 , S 1 are open allowing the continuation of the cycle as described above. with inverting functions or roles between speakers 5 1 , 5 2 .

Il est à noter que la chambre à volume variable 21 a effectué, pendant la course aller du piston 71, un aller et retour ayant permis de renvoyer une partie du fluide dans l'échangeur 3. La chambre à volume variable 21 permet ainsi d'assurer la diminution de la pression du fluide frigorigène dans la partie chaude du circuit permettant d'injecter le liquide frigorigène à une température abaissée dans l'échangeur de chaleur 3. Il s'ensuit que le fluide frigorigène ayant rempli l'échangeur de chaleur 3 voit sa température et sa pression augmentées. Dans la mesure où la pression à la sortie chaude 2 est inférieure à la pression du fluide frigorigène dans l'échangeur 3, du fluide frigorigène peut être injecté dans la sortie chaude 2 à partir de l'échangeur 3. Aussi, il doit être compris que la chambre à volume variable 21 injecte le liquide frigorigène dans l'échangeur 3, de manière que la pression à la sortie chaude 2 revienne à sa valeur nominale, c'est-à-dire se trouve maintenue à une valeur sensiblement constante. Un nouveau cycle thermodynamique, tel que décrit ci-dessus, recommence de façon autonome ou automatique.It should be noted that the variable volume chamber 21 has, during the forward stroke of the piston 7 1 , a round trip that has returned a portion of the fluid in the exchanger 3. The variable volume chamber 21 thus allows ensure the reduction of the pressure of the refrigerant in the hot part of the circuit for injecting the refrigerant at a temperature lowered in the heat exchanger 3. It follows that the refrigerant having filled the heat exchanger 3 sees its temperature and pressure increased. Insofar as the pressure at the hot outlet 2 is lower than the pressure of the refrigerant in the exchanger 3, refrigerant can be injected into the hot outlet 2 from the exchanger 3. Also, it must be understood that the variable volume chamber 21 injects the refrigerant into the exchanger 3, so that the pressure at the hot outlet 2 returns to its nominal value, that is to say, is kept at a substantially constant value. A new thermodynamic cycle, as described above, starts again autonomously or automatically.

Claims (9)

  1. A thermodynamic machine, that includes
    - a closed circuit (2) for the circulation of a refrigerant fluid,
    - a heat exchanger (3) with a part (21) of the circulation circuit of the refrigerant fluid halving a cold inlet (2f) at the inlet of the exchanger, and a host outlet (2c) at the outlet of the exchanger,
    - at least one first variable-volume enclosure (51) whose inlet is connected to the hot outlet of the circuit and whose outlet is connected to the inlet of a cooler (15), with the enclosure acting on a mobile device that is communicating its movement to an output system (10),
    - and a cooler (15), placed between the outlet of the enclosure and the cold inlet (2f) of the circuit,
    characterised in that the machine includes at least one variable-volume enclosure (21) controlled by the output system (10) by being placed between the cold inset (2f) of the circuit and the outlet of the cooler (16), with such a chamber (21) performing, for one cycle of operation of the inclosure, the re-injection of the liquid into the exchanger in order to maintain the pressure at the hot outlet (2c) of the circuit at a value that is substantially constant.
  2. A thermodynamic machine according to claim 1, characterised in that it includes a second variable-volume enclosure (52) whose inset is connected to the hot outlet (2c) of the circuit, and whose outlet is connected to the inlet of the cooler (15), with this second inclosure (52) acting on a mobile device which is arranged, in opposition in relation to the mobile device of the first enclosure, to communicate its movement to the output system (10).
  3. A thermodynamic machine according to claim 1, characterised in that the variable-volume enclosure (21) has a variable volume that is less than the volume of the first and/or the second enclosure, in a ratio that depends on the characteristics of the fluid used, so as to have equality between the mass of gas moved and the mass of liquid moved.
  4. A thermodynamic machine according to claims 1 or 3, characterised in that the variable-volume inclosure (21) is controller by a piston (211) operated by the output system (10) and with a section that is designed to re-inject the liquid into the heat exchanger (3).
  5. A thermodynamic machine according to claims is or 2, characterised in that it includes controlled closure devices (E1, S1; E2, S2; E3, S3) associated with the inlets-outlets of enclosure 51 and 52 and of chamber 21.
  6. A thermodynamic machine according to claim 5, characterised in that the closure devices (E1, S1; E2, S2; E3, S3) are controller by means (17) that in turn are driven by the mouvement of the output system (10).
  7. A thermodynamic machine according to claim 6, characterised in that the output system (10) includes an output shaft (11) fitted with a crankshaft (12) to which are connected the mobile devices of the enclosures, with the output shaft (11) being equipped with cams (17) that are used to control the closure devices.
  8. A thermodynamic machine according to claims 5 or 7, characterised in that the output shaft (11) acts upon the piston (211) of the variable-volume enclosure (21) by means of a speed-multiplier system (30).
  9. A thermodynamic machine according to claim 1, characterised in that the cold inlet (2f) and the hot outlet (2c) of the circulation circuit are equipped with controlled closure devices (4c, 4f) whose operation is synchronised with the operation of the controlled closure devices associated with enclosures 51 and 52 and chamber 21.
EP05826013A 2004-12-13 2005-12-13 Thermodynamic machine with continuously circulating refrigerant Not-in-force EP1828588B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0413206A FR2879234B1 (en) 2004-12-13 2004-12-13 REFRIGERATING FLUID THERMODYNAMIC MACHINE WITH CONTINUOUS CIRCULATION
PCT/FR2005/003111 WO2006064118A2 (en) 2004-12-13 2005-12-13 Thermodynamic machine with continuously circulating refrigerant

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1828588A2 EP1828588A2 (en) 2007-09-05
EP1828588B1 true EP1828588B1 (en) 2013-02-13

Family

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05826013A Not-in-force EP1828588B1 (en) 2004-12-13 2005-12-13 Thermodynamic machine with continuously circulating refrigerant

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US20090282826A1 (en)
EP (1) EP1828588B1 (en)
CN (1) CN101094973A (en)
FR (1) FR2879234B1 (en)
RU (1) RU2007121774A (en)
WO (1) WO2006064118A2 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU2003252000C1 (en) * 2002-07-22 2009-10-29 Farouk Aslam Mian Cascading closed loop cycle power generation

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4109468A (en) * 1973-04-18 1978-08-29 Heath Willie L Heat engine
US4653269A (en) * 1975-03-14 1987-03-31 Johnson David E Heat engine
US4018050A (en) * 1976-07-16 1977-04-19 Coy F. Glenn Compressed air-operated motor employing dual lobe cams
US4628692A (en) * 1980-09-04 1986-12-16 Pierce John E Solar energy power system
CH650313A5 (en) * 1981-11-19 1985-07-15 Sorelec THERMOMECHANICAL CONVERSION ENGINE, PARTICULARLY LOW-TEMPERATURE FLUID ENGINE.
CA2462864A1 (en) * 2001-10-09 2003-04-17 Pat Romanelli Vapor engines utilizing closed loop fluorocarbon circuit for power generation
DE202004005200U1 (en) * 2004-04-01 2004-09-02 Heiderich, Armin Apparatus for utilization of low-temperature energy comprises a pressure vessel with a reversed-action piston machine, a pump and an electricity generator, and an external condenser

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2879234B1 (en) 2010-06-18
WO2006064118A3 (en) 2006-12-07
FR2879234A1 (en) 2006-06-16
WO2006064118A2 (en) 2006-06-22
RU2007121774A (en) 2009-01-20
CN101094973A (en) 2007-12-26
EP1828588A2 (en) 2007-09-05
US20090282826A1 (en) 2009-11-19

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