EP1827288A1

EP1827288A1 - Ceramic enossal tooth implant

Info

Publication number: EP1827288A1
Application number: EP05789518A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Erhard Werner
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2004-09-27
Filing date: 2005-09-26
Publication date: 2007-09-05
Also published as: WO2006035011A1; DE102005006979A1

Abstract

The invention relates to an enossal tooth implant, comprising an implant body (1), embodied for introduction into a jaw bone and an implant post (2), comprising a connection section for connection to a prosthetic construction, whereby at least the implant body (1) is produced from a ceramic material. According to the invention, a ceramic enossal tooth implant may be prepared with tolerable complexity, comfort for the patient on implantation and matching, which guarantees an improved healing, is simple for the dentist to match and has a high stability, whereby the implant has an at least two-piece embodiment such that the implant body (1) and implant post (2) are separate pieces.

Description

Ceramic endosseous dental implant

The present invention relates to an endosseous dental implant comprising an implant body adapted for insertion into a jawbone, sometimes called an implant root, and an implant post, sometimes called an implant abutment or abutment, having a terminal portion for connection to a prosthetic abutment.

A dental implant is an artificial tooth root that is made of a biocompatible material. An endosseous dental implant is intended to be implanted directly into the jawbone, whereby the artificial tooth root grows with the jawbone. After healing of the dental implant in the jawbone prosthetic structure with the Anschlußab¬ section of the implant post is connected. As a prosthetic structure, which is also called superstructure in professional circles, in principle every crown, bridge, telescope or bridge comes into question.

Most implants today are made of titanium. Titanium has a relatively high tissue compatibility, which is also called "biocompatibility". In addition, titanium has suitable mechanical properties, so that small unbreakable implant body can be produced.

There are occasionally already implants made of a ceramic material. In particular, zirconium ceramic implants are used. Such a zirconium dental implant is also biocompatible and heals well into the jawbone. In principle, zirconium dental implants have the advantage over the titanium tooth implants that their color appearance approaches the natural tooth color, which is often desired for aesthetic reasons. Although the prosthetic structure obscures a large part of the dental implant, it can not be ruled out that parts of the implant remain visible even in the final state, for example due to inadequate coverage of the implant by the gum.

Ceramic implants, in particular zirconium implants, however, are only one piece available, which is disadvantageous to handle.

For the definitive supply of endodontically treated teeth, root canal posts have played a central role for decades. This is essentially based on the assumption that there is an increasing embrittlement of the tooth after a root canal treatment, which makes it necessary to strengthen it by inserting a root canal pin. The root canal pin is for this purpose in a hole in - -

The root of the destroyed tooth is used and serves to stabilize it. The pins are made of metal, fiber-reinforced mixtures (composites) or Zirkonoxidkeramiken (Biopoststifte) her¬ are to be regarded as dentures and not as implants.

Dental implants differ from the root canal pins in that they are implanted directly into the jaw for replacement of individual teeth or for holding an artificial dentition. An anchoring part grows into the jawbone and the gum surrounds the guide part or section of the dental implant. The dental implant can consist of a single structural part, for example of titanium or aluminum oxide, or, in the case of a two-part embodiment, it can be made of a leadthrough part or section separated from the anchoring part.

There are various known metal dental implants for a fixed dentures known. These consist mostly of a titanium alloy (titanium grade 4), which are made of a cylindri¬ or conical base body having at its outer diameter suitable for ingrowth in the jaw molding, such. a roughened surface. The head of the implant has a central bore, which is designed as a threaded hole and serves to Auf¬ acceptance of a threaded bolt on which the abutment is attached. By a device connected to the attachment, such as e.g. a square or elliptical insertion, the abutment is secured against twisting. The abutment is supported on the implant in one plane. In these embodiments, however, an adaptation of the implants to the natural bone course is not provided.

It is also known to provide a spacer sleeve between implant head and tooth crown, which has on its circumference a circumferential shoulder approach, followed by the lower edge of the tooth crown connects. The neck shoulder extends obliquely with a varying over its circumference distance to the upper end of the implant head to thereby achieve and by appropriate choice of the base height of the neck shoulder an improved adaptation of the transition between the tooth crown and implant to the anatomical conditions. Here, the spacer sleeve serves as an implant head. It is formed closed down, screwed by means of thread in the main body of the implant and has a central threaded bore for receiving the threaded bolt on which the tooth crown is attached. A centering collar at the lower end of the spacer sleeve is provided with verti¬ cal projections which engage in corresponding recesses of the body and serve to align the tooth crown and securing the same against rotation. However, a decisive disadvantage of the listed metal implants lies in the unsatisfactory biocompatibility of the metals used. One solution to this problem is, for example, the coating of implants made of titanium or aluminum oxide with hydroxyapatite or particles of titanium, which, however, is very complicated and expensive. - -

Furthermore, metal-free Zirkonoxidimplantate the company SIGMA are known. However, these have the disadvantage that they have a structural inadequate biocompatibility. Thus, according to a statistic, two out of five placed implants show a foreign body reaction and must be removed in order to be put back later.

Two-piece endosseous dental implants from BICON are also known. In this implant, a ceramic head is fitted in a press fit onto a metallic implant root, usually coated with hydroxyapatite or specifically pretreated. However, this system does not allow an exactly predictable alignment of the implant post, which is often called abutment in professional circles.

Further, one-piece, ceramic zirconia monoblock implants, e.g. after Dr. Ulrich VoIz, known. However, these one-piece implants have the disadvantage that, on the one hand, they do not allow any concealed healing phases, since they have to heal openly over a period of four to five months, have to be sutured in the mouth and, on the other hand, offer unsatisfactory correction options if implantation is not exact. In addition, said monoblock implants are apical, i. on the side facing the jawbone, a relatively sharp-edged plane surface, whereby an internal sinus lift is not possible, or considerably more difficult. The term sinus lift refers to a surgical technique for creating an implant site in the upper jaw. Since the upper jaw frequently has a poorer bone quality compared to the lower jaw, a sufficient implant support in the upper jaw is created by incorporating either one's own bone or a bone substitute material.

Based on this prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide a ceramic endosseous dental implant, which can be produced with reasonable effort, for the patient is comfortable with the implantation and adaptation, ensures improved healing, easy for the doctor to adjust and a high Stability.

According to the invention this object is achieved by an endosseous dental implant in which at least the implant body is made of a ceramic material, wherein the implant is formed at least in two parts, so that the implant body and implant posts are separate parts.

The implant body has a frequently called apical end, with which it is inserted or screwed into the jaw.

The two-part design allows the treating dentist to edit the post or the attached prosthetic structure, such as a crown, outside of the mouth. - -

Both implant body and post are made of ceramic material with particular preference.

Furthermore, it is advantageous if the implant body has a receptacle and the implant post has a fastening section, wherein the receptacle and attachment section are designed to be complementary, so that the implant post can be connected to the implant body on the receptacle and the fastening section.

Particularly preferably, the endosseous dental implant consists of a high-performance ceramic, in particular of zirconium oxide (ZrO ₂ ).

Surprisingly, it has been shown that this is true for root canal posts and one-piece implants, but zirconium oxide, which is considered to be susceptible to breakage, is advantageously suitable for the production of two-part implants, although these are subject to considerable difficulties in terms of their small size and the associated small wall thicknesses on the stability of the invention and the parts themselves have suggested.

The use of the zirconium oxide as an implant material not only has the advantage that the appearance of translucent tooth-colored restoration is supported by the favorable optical properties and the white color of the material, but also the high strength of the material for its use in the production an endosseous two-piece implant speaks. Another decisive advantage lies in the high biocompatibility of the zirconium oxide. Due to its roughness and porosity, the material used ensures a very good adhesion and a very good hold in the jawbone. A complex coating of the implant is therefore not necessary, but should not be excluded.

According to the invention, a zirconium dioxide suitable for implant use for partial stabilization contains an addition of about 1% to 20%, preferably about 2.5% to 10%, particularly preferably about 5% Y ₂ O ₃ and preferably has the following overall composition : 80-99% ZrO ₂ and 20-1% Y ₂ O ₃ , more preferably about 95% ZrO ₂ and about 5% Y ₂ O ₃ , wherein vorzugswei¬ se, the sum of the ingredients is substantially 100%. Furthermore, the use of zirconium dioxide is possible, which is partially stabilized with Al ₂ O ₃ . For partial stabilization, the ZrO _{2 has} an addition of about 1 to 20%, preferably about 2.5 to 10%, particularly preferably about 5% Al ₂ O ₃ .

Particularly suitable as zirconium dioxide are the high-performance ceramics, which are stabilized with, for example, yttrium, a density of about 6.07 g / cm ³ , an open porosity of about 0%, a grain size of about 0.5 μm, a Wickers hardness from about 1,300-1,500, a compressive strength - -

from about 2,000-3,000 N / mm ² , a flexural strength of about 1,000-1,500 N / mm ² , a modulus of elasticity of about 200-250 N / mm ² and a fracture toughness of about 8-15 MN / m ^3/2 have.

The endosseous dental implant according to the invention is preferably produced by sintering or alternatively by an injection molding process.

In an advantageous manner, the dental implant consists of the implant body and the implant post, which serves as an intermediate member for holding the dental crown, wherein the components of the dental implant can preferably be screwed or adhesively bonded with the aid of a biocompatible adhesive. The implant body and / or the implant post are preferably designed to be substantially rotationally symmetrical.

In a preferred embodiment, the receiving and fastening section are designed such that a relative rotation of the implant post with respect to the implant body around the longitudinal axis of the implant body is prevented when the implant body and the implant post are connected to one another. This rotation lock ensures that the implant post and the associated prosthetic structure can not rotate relative to the implant body, regardless of the type of attachment.

Advantageously, receiving and fixing portion are formed such that they provide a formschlüssi¬ ge connection between the implant body and post. In this way, a relative displacement of the implant post and thus the prosthetic structure, such. a crown, effectively prevented from the implant body.

One possibility is to form the connection between receiving and fastening portion as a combination of pin and recess. The pin is then provided either on the implant body or on the implant post, while a corresponding recess corresponding thereto is provided on the other part. It has been shown that the pin is preferably provided on the implant post. As a result, the implant body can be made smaller and it is possible to let the implant body heal closed.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, pin and recess each have a non-circular cross-section. In this way, the rotation can be provided. For example, the pin may be formed as an external polygon and the recess as an internal polygon. Furthermore, it has proved to be particularly advantageous if the Außenflä¬ surface of the pin and the inner surface of the recess are formed rosette-shaped. In particular, when using ceramic material, eg zirconia, it is advantageous to use sharp edges. - -

to avoid an increased susceptibility to breakage. As a result of the rosette-shaped design, such pointed edges as they have common polygonal connections are avoided.

The rosette shape is characterized in that portions of the rosette, i. the outer surface of the pin or the inner surface of the recess, are more curved than a rosette einhül¬ lender radius.

In many experiments it has been found that the rosette shape, which can also be referred to as a flower-shaped or wave-shaped geometry, is of great advantage for securing against rotation of the prosthetic structure. In this way, a construction system with integrated security against twisting is obtained, which has improved mechanical stability in both buccal and lingual directions.

Particularly preferably, the outer surface of the pin and the inner surface of the recess are designed such that they are at least partially rotationally symmetrical with a three to eighteen-fold, preferably six to twelve, rotational symmetry. Thereby fixed angular steps, e.g. from 30 ° to 60 °, reached for the abutment positions, which has for the An¬ der a considerable relief for the surgical and prosthetic phase result. In other words, it is possible, depending on the actual circumstances of the still existing row of teeth, to position the implant post in different positions rotated with respect to the implant body. It is basically advantageous if the pin and recess have the highest possible rotational symmetry. However, the production effort increases with a higher rotational symmetry. In practice, a six-, eight- or twelve-fold rotational symmetry has proven itself.

To be particularly difficult, it has been found, the recording and the mounting portion in such a way that the ceramic does not break at this point. It has proven to be advantageous to provide the wall thickness of the implant root in the region of the anti-rotation lock between about 0.3 mm and about 3.6 mm, particularly preferably between about 1.3 and about 2.6 mm, which is a stable shape and permanent grip guaranteed.

For the small diameter implants (D 3.0 / 3.5), the wall thickness will be about 0.3 to 0.4 mm, which is sufficient for good stability. It has been found that the implant according to the invention has sufficient stability for wall thicknesses between approximately 0.3 mm and approximately 2.5 mm. - -

In contrast to the one-piece implants described in the introduction, the present invention enables better prosthetic treatment options due to the possibility of abutment replacement and allows correction in particular by the use of angled abutments, if the implant has not been implanted exactly in the bone.

Another advantage of the multi-part ceramic implant is that, in contrast to eintei¬ single implants, which must always heal open, a hidden healing phase is possible. In addition, the implant post can be manipulated outside of the mouth, which provides the patient with an extraordinary comfort improvement during the treatments.

During the healing phase, a gingivaformer can be placed on the implant body of the implant according to the invention if it requires the aesthetic situation, so that the gum does not collapse, the natural aesthetics can be maintained and / or to shape the gums until the beginning of the later prosthetic work. Depending on the indication, however, the implant body can also be closed and sutured with a healing cap and hid in a concealed manner. After a healing period of typically three to five months, the root can then be treated with the implant body and the prosthetic abutment, such as, for example, the implant. a crown, be provided.

Furthermore, it is provided in a preferred embodiment that the outer surface of the pin tapers at least at a portion in the direction of the pin tip and the inner surfaces of the recess widen conically, at least at a portion. Here, the pointed zulau¬ fende portion of the outer surface of the pin and the conically widening portion of the inner surface of the recess is formed such that they form-locking engage with implanted on the implant body implant post. This conicity ensures a bacteria-tight closure between the implant body on the one hand and the implant post on the other. In addition, due to the frictional forces, the connection between the implant body and the implant post becomes more durable. There is less play between the two parts and, last but not least, for the dentist, the connection of the implant post and the implant body is simplified, since the conical design of the surfaces facilitates the threading of the spigot in the corresponding recess.

It has been shown that advantageously the conicity angle of the tapered pin outer surface and the conically widening recess inner surface is between 0.5 ° and 15 °, preferably between 1 ° and 5 ° and more preferably between 1, 5 ° and 2 ".

It is also particularly preferred that the implant body has an axial bore and the implant post has a through hole. The axial bore of the implant body and the through hole of the implant post serve to fix the implant post in the implant body. - -

In a first fastening embodiment according to the invention, axial bore and passage bore are arranged such that the implant post can be connected by means of a screw engaging in the axial bore through the through-bore, wherein the axial bore is preferably designed as a threaded bore. It should be noted, however, that the axial bore does not necessarily have to be a threaded bore. Instead, the screw used could also be selected such that it intersects the ent speaking thread itself when engaging in the axial bore.

Advantageously, the through hole in the implant post is formed such that the screw is retractable in the implant post.

In a second fastening embodiment, a sleeve inserted into the axial bore, preferably a sleeve with an internal thread, is provided, wherein the sleeve is particularly preferably made of metal. Depending on the ceramic used, it is not always possible to form the axial bore with a thread corresponding to the strength requirements. In order to prevent the implant body from breaking off from the implant body in the course of use, a metallic sleeve is therefore introduced into the axial bore in this embodiment, so that, although both implant body and implant post are made of biocompatible ceramic, the connection is via a metallic screw , which engages with the threads in the metallic sleeve, takes place. This metal sleeve, preferably a titanium sleeve, can be inserted and fixed in the axial bore, for example, by being pressed in, by thermal pressing or by gluing.

In the two described attachment forms, the post is in each case plugged into the oral cavity of the patient and screwed by means of a fastening screw, before the prosthetic structure, which covers the fastening screw, is fastened to the post.

In a third embodiment, through holes and axial bore are formed ko¬ nisch, the implant post has an engaging in the axial bore adhesive pin, which is intended to be bonded in the axial bore with an adhesive, and the through hole is for the derivation of formed excess adhesive. Here, after the healing phase, the implant post is glued to the implant body to hold a prosthetic abutment with biocompatible adhesive. In this case, the through bore of the ventilation or the escape of the adhesive during gluing serves to prevent undesired bite increase and the escape of the adhesive from the glue joint into the surrounding tissue. The size of the glue joint between the implant body and the implant post is 5 μm to 40 μm, more preferably 10 μm to 20 μm. This allows a precise Gebißbild be achieved. - -

Compared to the prior art mentioned in the introduction, the dental implant according to the invention allows a gentle and precise implant preparation by means of bone condenser insertion, standardized implant drill or preferably with the help of bone thread cutters.

Due to possible different embodiments with e.g. With five different lengths and four different diameters, the endosseous implant can be used at all sites in the jaw and can be used for all indications, both as a late implant and as an immediate implant. It also has the advantage that SIS splints (in the case of complicated augmentation procedures in the upper jaw side tooth area) sinus implant stabilizing rails) can be used. With regard to the dimension of the implants, particularly suitable diameters are about 2.5 mm to about 9 mm, preferably 3.5 mm, 4.5 mm, 5.5 mm and 7 mm and lengths of about 8 mm to about 22 mm, more preferably lengths of 1 1, 5 mm, 13 mm, 15 mm and 18 mm proved. According to the invention, therefore, a combination of several implants is provided as a package, wherein the implants have different dimensions with respect to length and diameter in order to be implanted at different locations in the jaw. By providing such a package, it is ensured that a suitable implant is available for each site of each individual jaw.

The implant body is preferably at its apical end, i. the end facing away from the recess, which is inserted into the jawbone, has a rounded design. This allows the implementation of an internal sinus lift without risk of injury Schneider's membrane.

In a particularly advantageous manner, the implant root is conical at its apical end and is also preferably rounded at this end. It further preferably has a self-cutting, in particular rounded, compression thread.

Advantageously, the compression thread has an overall length along the axis of symmetry of the root of about 6 mm to about 10 mm, more preferably about 9 mm, and preferably has transverse to the compression thread and particularly preferably oblique to the longitudinal axis milled recesses and / or depressions Removal of bone or drill chips.

A further preferred embodiment of the invention comprises an implant body which, at its outer periphery on the side facing away from the apical end, between the end and the compression thread has a healing section adjoining the compression thread and having a structured surface. The healing section has in particular transversely to the longitudinal axis of the implant body around the circumference circumferential, in particular regular elevations and depressions or grooves. Preferably, at least three, five or eight pairs of different - -

separate surveys and depressions. The amplitude, i. the height difference zwi¬ surveys and depressions is less than that of the compression thread, in particular at least 30% and preferably at least 50% lower. Furthermore, the repeating distance of the circumferential elevations and depressions is preferably also smaller than that of the threads of the compression thread, in particular at least 30% and preferably at least 50% lower.

Preferably, the distance between the recesses is about 0.1 mm to about 0.3 mm, more preferably about 0.2 mm. The amplitude of the elevations and depressions is preferably about 0.1 mm to about 0.3 mm, particularly preferably about 0.2 mm.

It has been found that the healing section promotes the healing of the implant and prevents traumatization of the bone and the emergence of bone fractures.

The elevations and depressions are further preferably designed as a fine thread arranged following the compression thread. The healing section or the fine thread along the axis of symmetry of the root has a length of about 2 mm to 6 mm, more preferably about 4 mm.

Furthermore, preferably, the elevations and depressions are formed as a plurality of annular structures.

It goes without saying that an irregular sequence with different distances and shapes of the annular depressions is also possible.

Preferably, the implant body has at its end facing away from the apical end of a smooth, preferably polished end portion and is particularly beveled at this end. The termination portion comprises a polished ring portion and preferably has an annular chamfer. Preferably, the ring portion has a width in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the implant body of about 0.5 mm to about 1 mm, more preferably of about 0.7 mm. The chamfer or chamfer has a width in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the implant body of from about 0.1 to about 0.5 mm, particularly preferably about 0.3 mm. The angle between the beveled surface and the longitudinal axis of the implant body is about 25 ° to about 65 °, more preferably about 45 °. The polished annular portion and bevel minimize the risk of injury to the gingiva and gum during the healing phase. - -

In a particularly preferred manner, the healing section or the fine thread adjoins the first thread immediately and / or the polished annular section adjoins directly the healing section or the fine thread.

Further advantages and possible applications will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments and the accompanying drawings. Show it:

2 shows a sectional view along the longitudinal axis of an implant post according to the first embodiment of the invention, FIG.

FIG. 3 shows a longitudinal sectional view and a plan view of the apical end of an implant body according to a second embodiment of the invention,

FIG. 4 two views of the implant post according to the second embodiment of the invention,

5 shows a sectional view of the implant consisting of implant body and implant post in the screwed state according to the second embodiment, FIG. 6 shows two views of the connecting screw according to the second embodiment of FIG

Invention, and Figure 7 is a plan view of the rosette-shaped configuration of Verdrehschutzelements according to an alternative embodiment.

FIGS. 1 and 2 show a first embodiment of the dental implant according to the invention. 1 shows a sectional view, two plan views and a perspective view of an implant body 1. FIG. 2 shows the implant post 2 corresponding thereto in a sectional view. In this embodiment, the implant post 2 is adhesively bonded in the implant body by means of a biocompatible adhesive.

The implant body 1 shown in FIG. 1 has an internal geometry or receptacle 8 which is glued over the implant post 2 shown in FIG. 2 for holding a prosthetic abutment (not shown in a rotationally secured manner).

The implant post 2 has, as can be seen from FIG. 2, a continuous bore 3 extending in the axial direction for air or adhesive leakage and a connecting pin or conical pin 4 with an anti-twist device or anti-rotation device 5 which bridges the connection Implant body 1 and implant post 2 allows and gives the implant overall er¬ increased stability. The implant post 2 has a circumferential neck shoulder 16, to which - -

the lower edge of the prosthetic abutment, e.g. a dental crown, connects (not shown), and has a conical, tapered to the prosthetic structure geometry.

It can be clearly seen that the pin in this embodiment consists of two sections. On the one hand, the anti-rotation device 5 is to be mentioned here, which together with the corresponding receptacle on the implant body serves to connect the implant body and post in such a way that relative rotation of the implant post relative to the implant body is prevented when the implant body and implant post are connected to one another are. In this case, the outer surface of the anti-twist device 5 has a conicity.

On the other hand, the adhesive portion 4 can be seen. This has a substantially circular cross section and a conicity which is greater than the conicity of the rotation. The outer surface of the section 4, which adjoins the anti-twist device 5 of the implant post in the direction of the implant body, serves as a friction surface. The friction surface is provided with an adhesive prior to bonding of implant body 1 and implant post 2. During insertion of the post into the body, excess adhesive is displaced and can escape through the central bore through the implant body 2.

The implant body 1 of the dental implant shown in Figure 1 has a substantially cylindrical geometry, has a first end 6 and a second end 7 and is with the first end 6, the so-called apical end, first inserted into the jaw, the second end 7 the apical end 6 opposite.

The implant body 1 has at its second end 7 a receptacle 8, which is complementary to the conical pin 4 and the rotation 5 of the implant post 2 and forms a receptacle for these elements for attachment of the implant post 2.

According to the invention, the receptacle 8, the pin 4 and the anti-rotation device 5 are designed as pluggable, initially releasable and complementary to each other trained Verdrehschutzelemente.

According to a particular embodiment, the anti-rotation device 5 may be provided as an outer polygon and the receptacle 8 as a polygon socket formed complementary thereto. In a particular embodiment, the pin 4 on its outer circumference a wave-shaped corrugation 10 (see Figure 4) and the receptacle 8 at its periphery a complementary thereto formed wave-shaped corrugation 11 (see Figure 7). In addition, an embodiment is possible, which is characterized in that the polygonal socket or the wavy corrugation, a three to achtzehnzählige, in particular six to twelve - -

have symmetry or the polygon or the wavy corrugation have a six-, eight- or twelve-fold rotational symmetry.

In an advantageous manner, the embodiment described above effectively prevents the connection between implant body 1 on the one hand and implant post 2 on the other hand from breaking out.

The implant body 1 is conical towards its apical end 6 and is rounded off at this end. It has on its circumference a self-tapping, rounded compression thread 12, which has apical, oblique to the longitudinal axis milled cuts 13 for the Ab¬ transport of bone or drill chips, with which the implant is screwed into a pre-drilled hole in the jaw. This embodiment allows good implantability and high primary stability.

According to the invention, the implant body 1, following the compression thread 12, has a healing section in the form of a fine thread 14, which on the one hand promotes the healing of the implant and, on the other hand, also prevents a cervical bone invasion around the implant neck after implantation.

The implant body 1 has a polished end portion at its second end 7. The end section comprises an annular section 9 and preferably has a beveled, likewise polished annular bevel or bevel 17. The annular chamfer 17 minimizes the risk of injury during the healing phase. The polishing of the end portion prevents the attachment of microorganisms to this portion.

The implant post 2 is shown in Figure 2 and serves as a holder of a prosthetic structure (not shown). The implant post 2 has a central vent bore or passage bore 3 for venting or adhesive leakage. Advantageously, the bore allows the adhesive to escape during gluing and prevents a bite increase or the escape of the adhesive from the glue joint into the surrounding tissue.

FIGS. 3 to 6 show a second embodiment of the dental implant according to the invention, in which the implant post is screwed to the implant body.

Shown is an endosseous ceramic implant made of zirconium dioxide, which, subject to the differences described below, essentially has the features of be¬ described in the embodiment of implant 1, but over an emanating from the implant body 1 Innen¬ geometry for rotation with a subsequent axial bore 18 to Recording a - -

Fixing screw 15 made of titanium, gold or other material has, so that the implant post 2 can be connected by means of a screwed through the bore in the internal thread 18 and sunk in the implant post screw. This fastening screw 15 is sunk in the embodiment shown in Figure 6 in the implant post 2 with respect to the upper edge thereof.

Finally, an embodiment is shown in Figure 7 with a rosette-shaped pin. The rosette-shaped receptacle has the advantage that the implant has no sharp corners that could splinter and / or break in use.

- -

Signs list

1 implant body

2 implant posts

3 through hole

4 cones

5 anti-twist device

6 first end

7 second end

8 recording

9 annular section

10 wave-shaped outer corrugation

1 1 wavy inner corrugation

12 compression threads

13 milling

14 fine threads

15 fixing screw

16 neck shoulder

17 chamfer

18 axial bore

Claims

- -PATENTANSPRÜCH E

An endosseous dental implant comprising an implant body (1) adapted for insertion into a jaw bone and an implant post (2) having a connection section for connection to a prosthetic abutment, at least the implant body (1) being made of a ceramic Material is produced, characterized in that the implant is formed at least in two parts, so that implant body (1) and Implantpfpfo¬ least (2) are separate parts.

2. Dental implant according to claim 1, characterized in that implant body (1) and - posts are made of ceramic material.

3. Dental implant according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the implant body (1) has a receptacle (8) and the implant post (2) has a mounting portion, wherein receptacle (8) and mounting portion is complementary, so that the implant post (2 ) is connectable to the implant body on the receptacle (8) and the Befestigungs¬ section.

4. Dental implant according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the kera¬ mix material zirconium dioxide.

5. Dental implant according to claim 4, characterized in that the ceramic is partially stabilized with Y ₂ O ₃ .

6. Dental implant according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the ceramic is partially stabilized with Al ₂ O ₃ .

7. Dental implant according to one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that receptacle (8) and attachment portion are formed such that a relative rotation of the implant post (2) relative to the implant body around the longitudinal axis of the Implantatkör¬ pers (1) is when implant body (1) and implant posts (2) are ver¬ connected with each other.

8. Dental implant according to one of claims 3 to 7, characterized in that receptacle (8) and fixing portion are formed such that they provide a positive Verbin¬ extension between the implant body (1) and -pfosten. - -

9. Dental implant according to one of claims 3 to 8, characterized in that the connection between the receptacle (8) and attachment portion is designed as a pin-recess connection, wherein the pin (4) is preferably provided on the implant post (2) ,

10. Dental implant according to claim 9, characterized in that pins (4) and recess each have a non-circular cross-section.

11. Dental implant according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the pin (4) is designed as an external polygon and the recess as a polygonal socket.

12. Dental implant according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the outer surface of the pin (4) and the inner surface of the recess are formed rosette-shaped.

13. Dental implant according to one of claims 9 to 12, characterized in that the Au¬ ßenfläche of the pin (4) and the inner surface of the recess are at least partially rotationally symmetric with a three to achtzehnzähligen, preferably six to twelve count rotational symmetry.

14. Dental implant according to one of claims 9 to 13, characterized in that the Au¬ ßenfläche of the pin (4) tapers at least at a portion in the direction of the pin tip and the inner surfaces of the recess widen conically at least at a portion.

15. A dental implant according to claim 14, characterized in that the Konizitätswinkel the tapered pin outer surface and the conically widening Ausnehmungsin- nenfläche between 0.5 ° and 15 °, preferably between 1 ° and 5 ° and more preferably between 1, 5 ° and 2 °.

16. Dental implant according to one of claims 3 to 15, characterized in that the implant body (1) has an axial bore and the implant post (2) has a Durch¬ gangsbohrung (3).

17. A dental implant according to claim 16, characterized in that the axial bore and passage bore (3) are arranged such that the implant post (2) by means of a through the through hole (3) engaging in the axial bore screw is connectable, wo¬ in the axial bore is preferably formed as a threaded bore. - -

18. Dental implant according to claim 17, characterized in that the through hole (3) in the implant post (2) is formed such that the screw in the implant post (2) is ver¬ lowered.

19. Dental implant according to claim 17 or 18, characterized in that an inserted into the axial bore sleeve, preferably a sleeve is provided with internal thread, wo¬ is particularly preferably the sleeve made of metal.

20. Dental implant according to claim 16, characterized in that the through hole (3) and axial bore are conical, the implant post (2) one in the axial

Bore engaging adhesive pin, which is intended to be in the axial Boh¬ tion (18) to be glued with an adhesive, and the through hole (3) is designed for the discharge of excess adhesive.

21. Dental implant according to one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that the implant body (1) has at its outer periphery a first thread, wherein the first thread on the receiving (8) facing away from the end of the implant body (1) befin¬ det and in the direction of the end, on which the receptacle (8) is arranged extends and is designed for screwing into a jawbone.

22. Dental implant according to claim 21, characterized in that the first thread is designed as a compression thread (12).

23. Dental implant according to claim 21 or 22, characterized in that the implant body (1) at its outer periphery following the first thread has a fine thread (14) which extends in the direction of the end of the implant body (1) on which the Aufnah¬ me (8) is arranged extends.

24. Dental implant according to one of claims 21 to 23, characterized in that the implant body (1) has at its outer periphery following the first thread Ein¬ healing section with a plurality of recesses and / or elevations.

25. Dental implant according to one of claims 1 to 24, characterized in that the implant body (1) in the region of the end, on which the receptacle (8) is arranged, has an outer polished annular portion (9). - -

26. Dental implant according to one of claims 1 to 25, characterized in that the Ein¬ healing section immediately adjoins the first thread and the polished annular portion connects directly to the healing section.

27. Dental implant according to one of claims 1 to 26, characterized in that the implant body (1) in the region of the end, on which the recess is arranged, has a ring-shaped chamfer portion, which is preferably polished.

28. Dental implant according to one of claims 1 to 27, characterized in that the implant body (1) at its end facing away from the receptacle (8) is conical.

29. Dental implant according to one of claims 1 to 28, characterized in that the receptacle (8) facing away from the end of the implant body (1) is rounded.

30. Compilation of several implants according to one of the preceding claims, da¬ characterized in that the individual implants are of different sizes.